Bioavailability - Science topic

Organotin (OT) compounds, while crucial in many industrial applications, pose substantial risks to the environment and human health. The toxicity and environmental behaviour of OTs depend on their chemical form, i.e., the type and number of organic substituents. Each species thus exhibits distinct toxicity profiles and varying binding affinities to...

Nanosuspension is colloidal scatterings of nanosized drug particles settled by surfactants. This imaginative medication conveyance framework offers a promising answer for conquer the constraints related with inadequately water-dissolvable medications. By decreasing molecule size to the nanometer range nanosuspension altogether upgrades drug disinte...

Traditional ophthalmic formulations are characterized by low bioavailability, short intraocular retention time, strong irritation, and failure to achieve the expected therapeutic effect due to the special physiological structure of the eye and the existence of many barriers. Microneedle drug delivery is a novel transdermal drug delivery modality. R...

Nonferrous metal smelting has led to multi-metal pollution at many sites, which strongly threatens ecosystem and human health. Stabilization is a widely used method for remediating contaminated sites in China, Europe, and the United States. Ochrobactrum EEELCW01 has been reported for the good performance of arsenic stabilization previously, meanwhi...

Background Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination (AMX-CA) is a widely used oral antibiotic for companion animals. In Thailand, various AMX-CA formulations are available. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the pharmacokinetic profiles and relative bioavailability of two AMX-CA formulations using a randomized, two-period, two-treatment crosso...

In previous studies, we discovered YZD-7082B, a selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) with excellent comprehensive properties. Here, we reported the development of an efficient multigram-scale synthetic process for YZD-7082 in 13 steps. The route featured a chiral resolution of a thiochroman intermediate with a unique cis-1,2-diaryl motif usi...

Lactoferrin is a key functional ingredient in several nutraceutical products. During product formulation, lactoferrin often undergoes pasteurisation. However, the heating involved in standard pasteurisation processes can induce structural changes in lactoferrin, thereby impacting its bioavailability. In response to this challenge, this study aims t...

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination in soils can pose a threat to humans and the environment due to their persistence and bioaccumulative nature. PFAS are ubiquitously distributed in soils and could exert various forms of toxicity in plants and soil inhabitants. The phytotoxicity of PFAS exposure has been investigated, which is...

The development of novel drug formulations is a crucial aspect of pharmaceutical research, ensuring enhanced drug efficacy, bioavailability, and patient compliance. Despite significant advancements, challenges such as poor solubility, stability issues, and regulatory constraints continue to hinder the formulation of new drugs. This paper examines f...

For centuries, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has had certain advantages in the treatment of tumors. However, due to their poor water solubility, low bioavailability and potential toxicity, their effective delivery to target sites can be a major challenge. Nanocarriers based on the active ingredients of TCM, such as liposomes, polymer nanoparti...

Purpose Among healthy Chinese subjects, two capsules of dabigatran etexilate were tested for bioequivalence. Method Fifty healthy subjects were recruited for each of the fasting and postprandial trials in a randomized, two-sequence, open-label, four-cycle, fully replicated trial design of a single 150 mg dose of either the test or the reference fo...

Emerging therapies rely on the efficient and specific delivery of targeted agents into the cytosol, such as DNA, siRNA and proteins. Nanoparticles showed great potentials in safe delivery and transportation of the targeted cargoes; however, the entrapment in endosomes and degradation by specific enzymes in the lysosome hindered the bioavailability,...

Purpose Complex peptide injectables represent an advanced class of pharmaceuticals with high therapeutic potential. These peptides, which mimic or modulate naturally occurring peptides in the body, offer targeted and effective treatment for various diseases. However, their structural complexity—influenced by length, sequence, and post-translational...

Introduction: Hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (mBC) remains a prevalent and challenging disease. Endocrine therapy (ET) combined with CDK4/6 inhibitors is the first-line standard of care, yet resistance mechanisms, including ESR1 mutations, drive disease progression. Novel oral selective estrogen receptor de...

Altered gut microbiome profiles correlate with anxiety and depression in humans, and work in animal models has identified specific bacterial taxa and/or microbiome-derived metabolites that influence complex emotional behaviours. Intriguingly, many pharmaceuticals, including widely used oral treatments for anxiety and depression, can be chemically m...

Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a β-galactoside-binding lectin, is implicated in diverse cellular functions ranging from immune response modulation to tissue homeostasis. Notably, increased Gal-3expression has been linked to the progression of numerous diseases, including cancer, fibrosis, and cardiovascular disorders, underscoring its potential as a therapeut...

A vital nutrient, vitamin C (ascorbic acid) offers numerous physiological advantages, such as immune system support, collagen synthesis and antioxidant protection. However, its bioavailability is limited due to degradation in the gastrointestinal tract and absorption saturation. Liposomal Vitamin C formulations offer a promising approach to overcom...

The tuft cell–group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) circuit orchestrates rapid type 2 responses upon detecting microbially derived succinate and luminal helminths. Our findings delineate key mechanistic steps involving IP3R2 engagement and Ca²⁺ flux, governing interleukin-25 (IL-25) production by tuft cells triggered by succinate detection. While IL-...

Arsenic (As),iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) pollution in the coastal areas of Bangladesh are severe problems.Irrigation by shallow wells in the agricultural lands is the primary source of these metals. Being a part of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna (GBM) Delta, the coastal accreted land of the Meghna River estuary has experienced a series of er...

Price, G.D. and Cleave, M. 2025. Assessing the impact of historic mining on the geochemistry of sediments in the Camel Estuary, Cornwall, U.K. Proceedings of the Ussher Society, 15, 131-135. This investigation focusses on the geochemical properties of surficial sediments in the Camel Estuary, Cornwall, UK. The geochemistry of the samples were dete...

Background: Pueraria, a renowned traditional Chinese herb, has been valued for both medicinal and culinary uses. Puerarin, its primary bioactive compound, exhibits a diverse pharmacological profile and has garnered attention for its hepatoprotective properties. This review explores puerarin's potential in managing liver diseases , including hepatic...

Phytoconstituents show multi-targeted mechanisms in breast cancer therapy. They induce apoptosis, inhibit angio-genesis, and suppress metastasis. Preclinical and clinical evidence supports their therapeutic potential. Challenges with their use include bioavailability and clinical translation. Should be studied in the areas of nano-technology, perso...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for approximately 10% of all cancers worldwide with an incidence of approximately 60% in patients older than 70 years. In the elderly, the definition of a better therapeutic strategy depends on several factors including the patient’s frailty and comorbidity status, life expectancy, and chemotherapy tolerance. In old...

The oxidant (e.g., hypochlorous acid, HClO) has been widely used to remediate contaminated sites. However, the effects of HClO on soil health in agricultural fields have been rarely explored. Based on the laboratory and field experiments, we found that low concentrations of HClO changed soil bioavailable elements, enzyme activities, and the structu...

The collapse of the Fundão Dam in 2015 caused strong alterations of physical–chemical properties of water bodies in the Rio Doce Basin, including the release of large quantities of metals. This study aimed to evaluate whether water samples collected along the Doce River after dam failure could affect the development of Danio rerio embryos. Water sa...

Objectives: When multiple carotenoids are provided at the same time in a nutritional supplement form, there can be competition for uptake in the digestive system. Separating their release over time can reduce this interaction and enhance bioavailability. Our objective was to utilize an in vitro gut simulation model to evaluate the release dynamics...

Land-use changes in meadow grasslands in semi-arid areas usually significantly affect soil environment and microbiota. However, studies on the response of soil P-cycle-related microbial communities to land-use conversions are still limited. In this study, a series of land-use types including upland field, paddy field, poplar plantation, and their a...

In situ assessment of metal bioavailability is crucial for evaluating the degree of contamination in aquatic systems. This study evaluated the bioavailability of Al, Fe, Mn and Zn in water from three sites in a decommissioned mining area near the city of Poços de Caldas (State of Minas Gerais, Brazil). A multi-tool approach was used, combining DGT,...

Despite the consensus on the importance of considering the bioavailability of metal(loid)s by measuring their bioaccessibility when assessing exposure, integrating these parameters into risk calculations often involves proprietary approaches that lack adequate justification. This is the case with the in vitro unified bioaccessibility method (UBM),...

Anemia is globally linked to dietary iron deficiency, potentially concerned by a shift from meat-based diets to plant-based ones with less bioavailable non-heme iron. This study compared the iron bioavailability of two commercial plant-based burgers (PBB1 and PBB2) with that of an animal-based burger (ABB). PBB1 and PBB2 contain 2.37 mg and 2.45 mg...

Objective: Smallanthus sonchifolius has been scientifically demonstrated to possess antidiabetic activity through the inhibition of DPP-4 in in vitro studies. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive research identifying the specific bioactive compounds responsible for this effect. This research specifically aims to explore the potential of...

Meat is a major source of dietary protein and fat across the globe. Red and white meat are the major terms consumers use to refer to types of meat; however, these terms do not fully encompass the range of nutrients provided by meat sources. Red meat refers to meat from mammalian skeletal muscle, while white meat refers to poultry. Red and white mea...

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of turmeric/curcumin-based oral rinses in preventing and reducing oral muco sitis in patients undergoing chemo-radiotherapy. Methods: we conducted a systematic search across major databases covering studies published from 2014 to October 2024. Randomized clinical trials and literature reviews evaluating the...

Coal gangue dumps, a byproduct of coal mining, contribute significantly to heavy metal contamination, impacting soil and water quality. In order to assess the levels of heavy metal contamination in soils at different stages of abandonment, this study investigated the role of Miscanthus floridulus (M. floridulus) in the spatial distribution and reme...

Antibiotic resistance is currently one of the most significant threats to global public health and safety. And studies have found that over the next 25 years, 39 million people will die directly and 169 million indirectly due to antibiotic-resistant diseases. Consequently, the development of new types of antimicrobial drugs is urgently needed. Anti...

Nitrite, a toxic substance, has been shown to adsorb and reduce organismal damage when natural adsorbents are used. Okara, due to its unique structure and adsorption properties, is one of the most eco‐friendly and efficient adsorbents, naturally reducing nitrite‐induced biotoxicity without side effects. Consequently, six groups of Kunming (KM) mice...

Nano-drug delivery systems provide targeted solutions for addressing various drug delivery challenges, leveraging nanotechnology to enhance drug solubility and permeability. Liposomes, explored for several decades, face hurdles, especially in oral delivery. Bile-acid stabilized vesicles (bilosomes) are flexible lipid vesicles, composed of phospholi...

Flavonoids represent a class of natural plant secondary metabolites with multiple activities including antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. However, due to their structural characteristics, they often exhibit low bioavailability in vivo. In this review, we focus on the in vivo study of flavonoids, particularly th...

Nanotechnology is an innovative and futuristic technology that has currently been utilized in a wide range of industries. Nanotechnology can be used in food processing to improve the food’s overall quality, including taste and bioavailability. Moreover, nanotechnology is frequently employed in food packaging to create improved packaging and also se...

Aims Paltusotine is a novel, nonpeptide, selective somatostatin receptor 2 agonist in development for the treatment of acromegaly and carcinoid syndrome. This study investigated the mass balance, routes of excretion, absolute bioavailability and metabolite profile of orally administered paltusotine. Methods In Part A of the two‐part, phase 1 study...

Molecular optimization is a crucial yet complex and time-intensive process that often acts as a bottleneck for drug development. Traditional methods rely heavily on trial and error, making multi-objective optimization both time-consuming and resource-intensive. Current AI-based methods have shown limited success in handling multi-objective optimiza...

Nanoemulsions (NEs) have emerged as effective drug delivery systems over the past few decades due to their multifaceted nature, offering advantages such as enhanced bioavailability, protection of encapsulated compounds, and low toxicity. In the present review, we focus on advancements in drug delivery over the last five years across (trans)dermal,...

As one of the top causes of death globally, cancer warrants the investigation of alternative and complementary therapeutic strategies. Bioactive compounds of anticancer potential are found in various medicinal plants for many centuries. In this review, we review the anticancer activities of various medicinal plants, their secondary phytochemical co...

Myocardial vascular endothelial injury serves as a crucial inducer of cardiovascular diseases. Mechanisms such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy, platelet dysfunction, and gut microbiota imbalance are intimately linked to this condition. Berberine and its derivatives have demonstrated potential in...

Microplastics have been studied in rivers worldwide with far-reaching implications for aquatic ecosystems. What is less understood is how microplastics distribute through rivers, as microplastics do not distribute ubiquitously through a river system. This study described the microplastic profile of the Nyl, Mogalakwena and Limpopo Rivers in South A...

Objectives: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal disease characterized by the degeneration of spinal cord and brain neurons. Proteomics combined with Mendelian randomization (MR) is an effective method for finding disease treatment targets. Methods: We aimed to seek new therapeutic targets for ALS. A large-scale GWAS on pr...

The unique beneficial effects and physicochemical properties of mesoporous carbon have led to a wide range of applications in the environmental, medical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food fields, etc. This article reviews recent advances in the sources, synthesis methods and application areas of mesoporous carbon and its smart compound delivery res...

O tratamento de neoplasias é um grande desafio médico, e a busca por novas moléculas com potencial antineoplásico é essencial para avançar nas opções de prevenção e tratamento. Os vegetais têm se destacado como fontes promissoras de compostos anticâncer, mas o consumo concomitante de fitoterápicos e medicamentos convencionais pode gerar interações...

Formononetin (FMN) is a common natural metabolite that can be extracted and isolated from some common botanical drugs. In recent years, FMN has garnered increasing attention due to its beneficial biological activities. In this paper, we systematically summarize the sources of FMN and provide a comprehensive review of its pharmacological activities...

Protein is an essential part of our diet [...]

Tea yield is determined by soil fertility. An elemental bioavailable-content-based fertility assessment is more reliable than that of total content. In tea plantations, soil acidification occurs, affecting metals’ bioavailability and fertility, yet the relations are unclear. Soils (n = 190) were sampled in five major tea-producing regions in Yunnan...

Paddy soils undergo wet-dry cycles that greatly influence the behaviour and availability of nutrients, but also of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). This study assessed the quality of paddy soils (actively cultivated and abandoned) and rice (white, brown, and wild) produced in the Baixo Vouga Lagunar (BVL) region, central-north Portugal. Surface s...

Mackinawite (FeS), a common metallic sulfide mineral, plays a crucial role in regulating the bioavailability and mobility of mercury sulfide (HgS) in the environment. However, molecular-level insights into HgS interactions with FeS surfaces are currently limited. This study used density functional theory (DFT) to investigate HgS adsorption and tran...

Aims Heart failure represents a substantial burden to both patients and healthcare systems worldwide. Nitric oxide (NO) dysregulation may play a key role in patients transitioning from chronic to acute heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Plasma nitrite (NO2⁻) is highly reflective of local nitric oxide production and has not been...

Citation: Martínez, J.; Marín, P.; Egas, D.A.; Llivi-Marcatoma, J.; Mira-Naranjo, J.M.; Badillo, E.; Yuste, M.T.; Escudero, E.; Galecio, J.S. Pharmacokinetics of Doxycycline in Alpacas After Intravenous and Subcutaneous Administration. Abstract: Background/Objectives: Doxycycline, a tetracycline-class antibiotic, is commonly used across various spe...

BACKGROUND Bulgur is a traditional food product and is widely consumed in Turkey and Middle Eastern countries. The main aim of this study was to investigate the potential of peas as a high‐protein plant‐based raw material in bulgur production. RESULTS Cooked pea‐based bulgur produced from Deren and Irmak can provide 32.8% and 28.4% of its caloric...

The development and widespread use of extended-release formulations antibiotics, while promising certain therapeutic advantages, remain relatively limited in clinical practice. Extendedrelease drug designed to delivery release systems are the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) over a prolonged period, offering patients the benefit of reduced do...

This study investigated the effects of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) on the spatial distribution of benthic foraminifera in Jobos Bay, a National Estuarine Research Reserve in Puerto Rico. High PTE total concentrations (Cr-Cu-Zn-Mn-Hg) clustered around anthropogenic sources where “moderately polluted” to “moderate-heavily polluted” conditions p...

Astronaut health and subsequent mission success depend on access to a full range of bioavailable vitamins, something lacking in the current space diet. As sustainable food production systems are developed for use during long space flights, the utilization of continuous harvest (cut-and-come-again) methods can play a role in efficient use of limited...

Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) specializes to explore new methods that can efficiently and painlessly transmit better molecules in therapeutic quantity to overcome the difficulties allied with oral route, namely poor bioavailability due to first pass metabolism and receptiveness to produce rapid blood level. Transdermal drug delivery gets...

Although benzbromarone is a highly potent inhibitor of URAT1, the toxicity of its metabolite has led to the restricted use. In this study, to decrease its toxicity, thirteen benzbromarone derivatives were designed and synthesized via blocking metabolic site. Among them, most of the compounds had moderate to strong inhibitory activity against URAT1,...

Introduction: Eggshells, often treated as waste, are rich in calcium carbonate and can serve as an alternative calcium source for nutritional and pharmaceutical applications. Methods: This study evaluates the bioavailability of calcium from eggshell powder and its effect on ascorbic acid bioavailability. Eggshell powder was sourced, processed, and...

Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a promising tool for enhancing drug delivery and efficacy with their unique properties, such as small size, high surface area, and biocompatibility, NPs can improve the solubility, permeability, and targeting of drugs. NPs can be synthesized from various materials, including natural or synthetic polymers, lipids,...

This study explored the novel mechanism of Astragaloside IV (As) in treating sepsis and its application through a biomimetic nano-delivery system (As@ZM). Sepsis, a condition of organ dysfunction caused by an abnormal host response to infection, poses a significant threat to global health due to its high mortality rate. Our findings revealed a new...

Background: Mirabegron, a first-in-class β3-adrenergic agonist used for managing overactive bladder (OAB), is well-documented in the literature. However, its low oral permeability results in poor bioavailability, limiting patient compliance and tolerability. To address this, the present study focuses on developing a sustained-release (SR) tablet of...

The bioaccessibility of organic pollutants in the environment depends on the nature and speciation of the contaminants and is determined using in vitro methods that simulate gastro-intestinal digestion. The objectives of the present study were to study the bioaccessibility coefficients of p,p′-DDT and p,p′-DDE in tropical soils based on the physico...

Soil erosion significantly affects within‐field soil properties, crop productivity, weed emergence patterns, and weed growth. Spatial variability in weed densities, emergence timing, weed seed production, seed viability, herbicide bioavailability, and other factors complicate weed management strategies in eroded landscapes. Reversing soil erosion b...

Dieldrin is legacy organochlorine insecticide, which was listed in the Stockholm Convention because of its persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity. However, it is still present in the environment and in organisms two decades after its ban. The current criteria used for risk assessment in China are based on acute toxicity data in water columns wit...

The article reviews the current challenges in delivering therapeutics to the eye and presents innovative strategies aimed at overcoming these barriers. It discusses traditional methods like eye drops and intravitreal injections alongside emerging solutions such as long-acting injectables, both biodegradable and non-biodegradable implants, microneed...

El uso de herramientas computacionales que brinda información previa sobre la predicción de algunas propiedades de ciertas moléculas como: biodisponibilidad, actividad, toxicidad, geometría molecular, acoplamiento molecular con una diana farmacológica específica, entre otras, son algunas de las ventajas que se pueden emplear actualmente en el diseñ...

Biological dinitrogen (N2) fixation is a major source of new N to surface seawater, sustaining ocean productivity. However, the fate of diazotroph-derived nitrogen (DDN), specifically its release and transfer, and the factors controlling these processes, remain poorly understood. Here, we established stable co-cultures of the major diazotrophs, fil...

The bioavailability of dissolved copper (Cu) in seawater is influenced by the presence of natural organic matter. Changes in physicochemical conditions, such as pH, temperature, and salinity, can significantly affect the solubility and speciation of copper, thereby impacting the complexation of Cu(II)-binding organic ligands. The concentration of d...

Oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases. The excessive accumulation of ROS can cause severe cellular damage, leading to tissue dysfunction and disease progression. The development of nanomaterials with antioxidant prope...

Lymphomas represent a heterogeneous group of blood tumors, generally divided into non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (90% of all lymphomas) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). High-grade NHL can rapidly progress so that new strategies and potentially therapeutical options are needed. Recently, it was shown that Vitamin D (VitD) inhibits the growth of cancer cells,...

The present study was undertaken to characterize the plasma kinetic disposition of tolfenamic acid (TA) in freshwater crocodiles. In total, 15 freshwater crocodiles were used in the experiment and randomly divided into three groups, with TA administered at 2 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) intravenously (IV) or at 2 or 4 mg/kg b.w. intramuscularly (IM). B...

β-Lapachone, a naphthoquinone-derived compound, has shown remarkable potential as an anticancer agent due to its selective cytotoxicity and innovative mechanisms of action. In this study, we conducted a narrative review to explore its impact on different cancer types, focusing on key pathways such as oxidative stress, enzyme activation, and apoptos...

Cancer is considered a highly notorious disease. Cancer treatment at advanced stages is often challenging. Chemotherapy often leaves a long-lasting impact on the health of a cancer patient even after successful treatment of cancer. Most of these therapeutic methods used in the treatment of cancer incur many side effects due to non-specific targetin...

Aims The aim of this study was to assess differences between Chinese and White patients in pharmacokinetics (PK) of, and clinical response to, acalabrutinib and its pharmacologically active major metabolite, ACP‐5862, to support recommended dosing in Chinese patients with B‐cell malignancies. Methods A population pharmacokinetic (pop‐PK) analysis...