Bioactive Compounds - Science topic

Athira V. Anand,

It's hard to say, because all these nanocarriers have advantages and limitations. However, between polymeric nanocarriers and lipid-based nanoparticles, I would bet on lipid-based ones, since they may have a greater affinity with biological membranes than polymeric nanoparticles. Furthermore, between SLNs and liposomes, liposomes have an extra advantage, since they can be easier to synthesize. You could also think about making a nanoparticle out of the compound itself.

I did a quick search in the literature and found a very detailed review on this topic, which I think may be of interest to you. I've attached the file.

Hi Abdelhak Maghchiche, Absolutely, you’ve highlighted the critical role of endophytes in drug discovery. I too find the potential of endophytes exciting in terms of their ability to stimulate secondary metabolite pathways that might otherwise remain dormant in plants. It would be fascinating to explore how advanced omics approaches can further unravel the molecular mechanisms behind these interactions. Additionally, addressing the challenges of scalability could open up new industrial applications.

You can use MolView: https://molview.org/

It provides structures of bioactive compounds in 2D and 3D formats using a simple search tool.

Another is PubChem as suggested above. PubChem provides 2D, 3D, and crystal lattice of chemical structures. It also includes good information about the compound. See it in use with piperine with the link below

You can easily search Pubchem as well with the search tool on the website.

Coloration can hint at the nature of bioactive compounds, but only hint.

Think purple Bougainvillea and Red Cabbage, they are both purple, but one contain anthocyanins and one betalains, very different compunds

Abdelhak Maghchiche

It is very difficult to ascertain the identity of a plant without reproductive structures such as flowers and fruits.

Thanks!

Hexane extraction of the oil works for most botanicals. All though I do not know the process, the oil can be reisolated through other processes, …well known in the foods processing businesses.

only best way of result in methanol solvent its compare to the other solvent

Nanoclay is flame-resistant, wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant, and has a wide range of applications. Nanoclay has excellent properties due to its special layered structure. When blended with polymer materials, interlayer cation exchange and ionic bonding reactions occur. At the nanoscale, many properties that are difficult to obtain in micron-scale structures are revealed one by one, including gas barrier, water barrier, UV resistance, heat resistance, dimensional stability, bending resistance, toughness, wear resistance, scratch resistance, durability, Anti-corrosion, chemical resistance, etc.

As you will be aware, plants are a very rich source of phytochemicals and this will be reflected in your aqueous extract. The IR spectra of your extract will be complex, containing the overlapping spectra of every compound. You will not be able to identify any individual compound with any degree of certainty.

If you want to identify the components of your extract then you need to resort to a Metabolomics type experiment. You need to add in several chromatographic steps and then resort to GC-MS (headspace for volatiles), after appropriate derivatisation, and to LC-MS. The spectra can be searched against various libraries. Even then you will be left with many unknowns.

Hello Avni Yildizbaş

You should first carry out a rough clarification of the extract by simply decanting, followed by a filtration step by using a six to seven layered muslin cloth. Then you may include a centrifugation step which may be required if the powder is too fine to be filtered.

I have attached a book below which may be helpful.

Best.

"Nutraceuticals derived from biologically active substance that provides benefits to health, usually in supplement form, whereas functional foods deliver its benefits in food form only."

Bioactive compounds and pharmacological actions are related concepts, but they refer to different aspects of substances and their effects on living organisms.

Definition: Bioactive compounds are naturally occurring chemicals found in plants, animals, and microorganisms that have a biological activity within the body. Sources: They can be derived from various sources, including fruits, vegetables, herbs, spices, and other natural products. Types: Bioactive compounds encompass a wide range of substances, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and more. Functions: These compounds often have specific physiological effects on the body and are associated with health benefits. They can influence various cellular processes and contribute to the prevention or treatment of diseases.

Definition: Pharmacological actions refer to the specific effects that a substance, such as a drug or bioactive compound, has on the body at the molecular, cellular, tissue, or organ level. Scope: This term is often used in the context of pharmaceuticals and drugs, but it can also be applied to bioactive compounds from natural sources. Examples: Pharmacological actions can include mechanisms such as receptor binding, enzyme inhibition, modulation of signaling pathways, and other interactions with biological molecules. Purpose: The goal of studying pharmacological actions is to understand how a substance exerts its effects and how these effects can be utilized for therapeutic purposes.

In summary, bioactive compounds are a broad category of naturally occurring substances with biological activity, while pharmacological actions refer to the specific ways in which these compounds interact with the body to produce physiological effects. Bioactive compounds can exhibit various pharmacological actions, and understanding these actions is crucial for assessing their potential therapeutic applications. In the context of drug discovery and development, researchers often explore the pharmacological actions of bioactive compounds to determine their efficacy and safety for specific medical purposes.

Hi Novi,

You may make an inquiry at Alfa Chemistry, they offer you advices and kinds of good-quality chemicals.

Look for reputable academic publishers known for scientific, medical, or pharmaceutical content. Some examples include Springer, Wiley, Elsevier, Taylor & Francis, and CRC Press.Visit the websites of potential publishers and review their submission guidelines. They usually provide details on how to submit proposals or manuscripts for book chapters.Reach out to the acquisition editors or the respective publishers of the selected companies. You can often find their contact information on the publisher's website.Prepare a proposal for your book chapter. The proposal should include an outline, summary, intended audience, and significance of the content.Ensure your chapter contributes unique and valuable insights to the field. It should offer new information, a comprehensive review, or original research.Verify that the information you're providing meets scientific standards and is supported by robust evidence. This is crucial in the field of herbal medicines and cancer treatment. Consider collaborating with other experts in the field. Multiple authors can enhance the credibility and expertise of the chapter.Reputable publishers often have a peer review process to ensure the quality and accuracy of the content. Be prepared for this review as part of the publication process.Ensure compliance with legal and ethical guidelines in terms of data sources, citation, and usage of proprietary information.Discuss and negotiate terms related to copyright, royalties, distribution, and any fees associated with publishing. Discuss and negotiate terms related to copyright, royalties, distribution, and any fees associated with publishing. Submitting a book chapter in the realm of herbal medicines and bioactive compounds in cancer treatment requires meticulous planning, a rigorous approach to content creation, and a strategic engagement with publishers and experts in the field. Conduct thorough research and ensure that the content adds value and novelty to the existing literature.i hope i helped :)

Soxhlet extraction simplifies the process by automatically recycling the solvent, making it suitable for extended extractions without constant supervision. However, liquid-liquid extraction is typically a batch process and may require more manual intervention.

If the compounds you are targeting are sensitive to temperature, then liquid-liquid extraction is the preferred method. Typically, liquid-liquid extraction is more suitable for partitioning or fractionating compounds post-extraction. The selection primarily relies on the nature of the extraction material and the class of the compounds being extracted.

Hi, please find this recent research for Exo-polygalacturonase production enhancement:

Solid state fermentation (SSF) is a fermentation process in which microorganisms are grown on solid substrates, such as agricultural residues or industrial by-products, in the absence or near absence of free water. This process has gained attention in recent years due to its potential for the production of bioactive compounds.

Bioactive compounds refer to naturally occurring substances that have a biological effect on living organisms. These compounds can have various health benefits and are often used in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and food industries.

During SSF, microorganisms produce and secrete various bioactive compounds as a result of their metabolic activities. Some common bioactive compounds produced through SSF include:

1. Enzymes: Microorganisms can produce a wide range of enzymes during SSF, such as amylases, cellulases, proteases, lipases, and xylanases. These enzymes have numerous industrial applications, including food processing, textile manufacturing, and biofuel production.

2. Antibiotics: Certain microorganisms are capable of producing antibiotics during SSF. Examples include penicillin produced by Penicillium species and cephalosporin produced by Cephalosporium species. These antibiotics have significant therapeutic value in treating bacterial infections.

3. Antioxidants: SSF can also lead to the production of antioxidants like phenolic compounds and flavonoids. These compounds possess strong free radical scavenging properties and can help prevent oxidative stress-related diseases.

4. Bioactive peptides: Microorganisms grown through SSF can produce bioactive peptides with various health benefits. These peptides may exhibit antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, antihypertensive effects, or even anticancer properties.

5. Organic acids: Some microorganisms produce organic acids like lactic acid or citric acid during SSF. These organic acids find applications in the food industry as preservatives or flavor enhancers.

Overall, solid state fermentation is a promising method for the production of a wide range of bioactive compounds. The specific compound produced depends on the microorganism used, the substrate employed, and the fermentation conditions applied.

It depends on the specific goals and needs of the situation. However, in general, identifying a pure compound is crucial before enhancing its production. This is because without knowing the exact chemical composition and structure of the bioactive compound, it would be difficult to optimize production processes effectively. Identifying a pure compound allows for better understanding of its properties, potential applications, and potential side effects. Once the compound is identified, efforts can then be focused on enhancing its production through various methods such as genetic engineering, fermentation optimization, or process scale-up.

Plant elicitors, bioactive compounds, and secondary metabolites are all related to the defense mechanisms and chemical responses of plants. However, they have distinct differences:

1. Plant elicitors: These are molecules or substances that can induce or trigger a defense response in plants. They are typically derived from pathogens, pests, or other environmental stimuli. Plant elicitors can activate various defense pathways, such as the production of defensive proteins, enzymes, and secondary metabolites. Examples of plant elicitors include chitin from fungal cell walls and flagellin from bacterial flagella.

2. Bioactive compounds: These are chemical substances that have a specific effect on living organisms. In the context of plants, bioactive compounds refer to natural compounds found in plants that have physiological effects on other organisms. These compounds can be beneficial or harmful to the organism interacting with them. Examples of bioactive compounds in plants include alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds.

3. Secondary metabolites: These are organic compounds produced by plants that are not directly involved in primary metabolic processes like growth and development but play important roles in ecological interactions and defense mechanisms. Secondary metabolites are often synthesized in response to stressors such as herbivory or pathogen attack. They can have diverse functions such as attracting pollinators, deterring herbivores or pathogens, or serving as signaling molecules between plants. Examples of secondary metabolites include alkaloids (e.g., caffeine), terpenoids (e.g., essential oils), phenolics (e.g., tannins), and glucosinolates.

In summary, plant elicitors are substances that induce defense responses in plants, bioactive compounds are natural chemicals with physiological effects on organisms, and secondary metabolites are specialized organic compounds produced by plants for various ecological purposes including defense mechanisms.

Column fouling is the most common issue, but other reasons may include:

NOTE: All of the above issues can be avoided by having an experienced chromatographer assist you in using the system and running the analysis. The above items are all basic level fundamentals that should be known and understood. Knowledge (accurate info, not miss-information) and lots of hands-on Training are the keys to success.

Derived carbon dots = photocatalytic activity = antibacterial (antiviral?) effect = anticancer effect. consequent mechanism )

When working with various anticancer medicinal plants, several in vitro assays can be employed to establish the potency of a fraction or extract. Here are some commonly used assays:

It is important to select assays that align with the specific goals of your research and the mechanisms of action of the medicinal plants being investigated. It is also advisable to perform multiple assays to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the fraction's anticancer potential.

The extraction, identification, and isolation of anticancer bioactive agents from medicinal plants typically involve a multi-step process. Here is a general approach that can be followed:

It is important to note that this is a general outline, and the specific techniques and methods may vary depending on the plant species, target compounds, and available resources. Additionally, it is recommended to consult with experts in the field and follow ethical guidelines for plant collection and research.

Dear Scholar,

You may pass the methanol solution through cotton plus topped with activated charcoal. An HPTLC comparison of unfiltered methanolic extract and clarified methanolic extract to assure the phytochemical fidelity of both.

Extracting and purifying 10-HDA from Royal Jelly can be challenging as it is present in small quantities and can easily degrade during extraction and purification steps. Here's a protocol that can be used to extract and purify 10-HDA from Royal Jelly:

Materials required:

- Royal Jelly

- Chloroform

- Methanol

- Hexane

- Sodium hydroxide

- Hydrochloric acid

- Silica gel

- TLC plates

- Column chromatography equipment

- Rotary evaporator

- HPLC system

Procedure:

1. Collect fresh Royal Jelly and store it at -80°C until use.

2. Thaw the Royal Jelly at room temperature and weigh the desired amount of sample.

3. Add chloroform to the Royal Jelly at a ratio of 1:10 (w/v) and stir the mixture for 30 minutes.

4. Filter the mixture using filter paper and collect the filtrate in a round bottom flask.

5. Add methanol to the filtrate at a ratio of 1:5 (v/v) and stir for 30 minutes to obtain a two-phase system.

6. Separate the two phases and collect the upper phase containing the lipid fraction.

7. Add hexane to the upper phase at a ratio of 1:5 (v/v) and stir for 30 minutes to obtain a two-phase system.

8. Collect the upper phase containing the free fatty acids, including 10-HDA.

9. Neutralize the upper phase using 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution.

10. Acidify the neutralized solution using 1 M hydrochloric acid solution to pH 3-4.

11. Extract the acidified solution with chloroform to remove impurities.

12. Dry the chloroform layer using anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporate the solvent using a rotary evaporator.

13. Dissolve the residue in a minimum amount of chloroform and apply the sample on a silica gel column.

14. Elute the column using a stepwise gradient of hexane and ethyl acetate (e.g., 100% hexane, 95:5 hexane/ethyl acetate, 90:10 hexane/ethyl acetate, etc.).

15. Collect the fractions and analyze them using thin-layer chromatography (TLC).

16. Combine the fractions containing 10-HDA and concentrate them using a rotary evaporator.

17. Purify the concentrate using an HPLC system equipped with a C18 column and a UV detector (280 nm).

18. Collect the purified 10-HDA and confirm its purity using mass spectrometry and/or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

19. Lyophilize the purified 10-HDA and store it at -80°C until further use.

Overall, this protocol involves extracting the lipid fraction from Royal Jelly, isolating the free fatty acids using solvent extraction, and purifying 10-HDA using chromatographic techniques. However, the success of this protocol depends on various factors such as the quality and quantity of Royal Jelly, the choice of solvents and chromatographic conditions, and the expertise of the researcher. Therefore, it is important to optimize the protocol for each specific case to obtain the best results.

I'm looking for an optimization of an extraction method for bioactive compounds from a plant grown in Morocco and to analyze them in HPLC.

You can use a preparative LC equipped with a UV detector and any C18/C8 semi-prep or prep column (depending on your concentration target). Following an in-house developed Isocratic or gradient separation protocol using D.I water and methanol 10-HDA can easily be fractionated from royal jelly. Afterward, you can preserve your sample by applying lyophilization. The improved resolution is important not to include any impurity, therefore other than column chromatography, I would prefer to use an MPLC instrument and automated purification. I also suggest checking the final purified molecule at MS in non-targeted mode to see if non-UV absorbing impurity exists or not...

Good Luck, İEA...

HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry at the International Centre for Chemical and Biological sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi (Pakistan) can be a good choice to achieve your work. Although you may not have LC-MS, you will have best isolation equipped laboratories and rapid NMR analysis. You can email hej@cyber.net.pk or iqbal.choudhary@iccs.edu.

Rajeev Kumar Bhaskar It will require 20kgs or more of Ulva sp to get 2kgs of dry weight.

Hi Beth Worley !

I did an experiment years ago administering rosiglitazone in rodent chow. By that time, I had experience with drugs delivered in the water and orogastric gavage, and I wanted to try another route because of some limitations I had encountered in the former routes.

First, I searched for the dose (mg/kg BW). Then, I estimated the average food intake (g/day) to know how much drug I should add per g of diet. Finally, I bought the drug and send to the company that prepares my purified diets.

It worked nice for rosiglitazone and the other 2 drugs that I used, but it has some limitations.

The first issue is that food intake varies, and on each day, mice will ingest a different amount of food and thus a different medication dose. In addition, if the animal gain or loose weight and does not change food intake, drug doses also change.

Here are the papers with rosiglitazone:

In this paper we discuss routes for drug administration:

Hope this helps!

hay toda una gama de bioactivos, el uso de enzimas derivan a procesos intermedios de biogransformacion o a productos finales segun el objeto de investigacion

And kindly check:

According to the patient's condition with cholesterol, if it is chronic, there are no side effects.. because leaving the treatment will increase the level of cholesterol in the blood and have more side effects.. Best regards

Kindly see also the following useful link: https://erasmus.urk.edu.pl/zasoby/45/Optional_specialization_course_II_Analysis_of_bioactive_compounds_in_cereal_grain_2021_KB.pdf

Production may occur. However, Concentration may be different from differentiated plants.

Also check https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10942912.2021.1953067

Also check https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/mass-chromatogram

Can study in-vitro release study. Check Ex Vivo Drug Release from the WSCS MN Patches.

Check https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5247793/

Check https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348049484_Evaluation_of_green_extraction_methods_on_bioactive_compounds_and_antioxidant_capacity_from_Bougainvillea_glabra_bracts

Check https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2019.01305/full

Also check https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/17/6/320/htm

i agree with Kuei-Hung Lai´answer, so you can have a better chance of obtaining bioactive metabolites for the target cell that you are going to use in your experiment

Also check https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5034904/

Check https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Encapsulation-systems-of-bioactive-compounds-for-food-applications_tbl1_331039302/amp

Also check https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328120381_Nanoencapsulation_of_hydrophobic_and_low-soluble_food_bioactive_compounds_within_different_nanocarriers

Enzymes have been used in many aquatic environments according to the characteristics of cell membrane hydrolysis as well as the catalytic activity and performance under mild conditions. Enzymes reduce solvent consumption and increase the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds. Kindly check the following RG link:

In which a study conducted to optimize the enzymatic extraction conditions of phenolic compounds of PGH with the three enzymes of tannase, cellulase, and pectinase, the combination of enzymes increased the extraction yield up to 112% in comparison with the solvent extraction method. The study suggested conduct more studies to investigate the possible use of these enzymes in the food industry.

Dear Marco Flores De Guzman

An example could be find here :

Thanks for your article about bio active compounds,flavonoids in lentils and legumes with their various bio digestibility .About legumes which are rich in protein,complex carbohydrates,soluble dietary fibre ,phenolic compounds,flavonoids and tannins with micronutrients like mineral but they have some antinutritional activities eg phytic acid diminish mineral bioavailability in legumes ,legumes with pectin undigestible protein an antinutritional effect ,its protein inhibits in hydrolyses active against prtoteases,amylases ,glycosides ,lipases etc .Soyabean ,Red kidney and peas have phytates ,some beans have harmful oxalates and legumes and common beans are rich in harmful lectins .Wevhave conventional methods to remove lectins like presoaking of legumes and beans and cooking with steam at high temperature but these conventional methods do not remove harmful pectins or phytates or no diminishing of minerals Less bioavailability due to phytic acid orvgalactooligosachhrides and oxalates , some phenolic compounds decrease protein digestibility even proper heating ,soaking ,adding yeast etc do not show complete bioavailability .Wevhave to find through enzymatic relations ,adding specific yeast or useful bacteria or some other suitable methods to decrease lectins ,phytates ,oxalates and better digestibilty of protein in commercial scale .

The surface charge of the nanoparticles has a large influence on the bioavailability of oral formulations. Positively charged nanoparticles are efficiently taken up and transported by enterocytes, which results in a significantly enhanced oral bioavailability.

(Ref. )

Did you ever figure out how to do this? I also need to extract nuclei from bark tissue.

Check this out.

In sea water, ROS can be generated through abiotic as well as biotic processes, among which are the radiolysis and photolysis of water molecules and cellular respiration. Biological ROS is often synthesized in mitochondrial membranes, as well as the endoplasmic reticulum of animals, plants, and some bacteria. I just knowing that thing

In our lab we are open in collaborations.

We synthesize with MW assisted solid phase peptide synthesis techniques

Send me an email at sarigiannis.i@unic.ac.cy.

We are always open to new fields of research.

Regards

Dissolve policosanol in minimum volume of chloroform first and make up the volume with DMSO

sonicate for 5 minutes

The full extraction methodology they employed is as follows:

Dried Grifola frondosa was chopped by an electric grinder and sieved through an 80 mesh to prepare dry Grifola frondosa powder. Grifola frondosa powder (100 g) was pretreated 5 times with (v/w) 95% ethanol using ultrasonic extraction (300 W, 50 °C) for 60 min. The precipitate was extracted 5 times with (v/w) 55% ethanol using ultrasonic extraction (300 W, 50 °C) for 60 min. Subsequently, the precipitate was extracted 10 times with hot water (v/w) using ultrasonic extraction (300 W, 80 °C) for 60 min. The supernatant was again precipitated with the addition of cold absolute ethanol to a final concentration of 80% (v/v) and kept at 4 °C overnight. The resulting precipitation was vacuum concentrated and freeze dried, yielding Grifola frondosa heteropolysaccharide (GFP).

As I understand the pre-treatment with ethanol is used to "soften" the cellular matrix before the extraction with water, as you said. Because at the last step it uses that supernatant aqueous and precipitates from there to the heteropolysaccharide with alcohol to 80% and low temperature during the whole night.

Application of orange peel waste in the production of solid biofuels and biosorbents

The dry biomass and the biofuel showed moderate levels of carbon (44–62%), high levels of oxygen (30–47%), lower levels of hydrogen (3–6%), nitrogen (1–2.6%), sulfur (0.4–0.8%) and ash with a maximum of 7.8%. The activation energy was calculated using Kissinger method, involving a 3 step process: volatilization of water, biomass degradation and volatilization of the degradation products. The calorific value obtained was 19.3 MJ/kg. The studies of metal biosorption based on the Langmuir model obtained the best possible data fits. The results obtained in this work indicated that the potential use of waste orange peel as a biosorbent and as a solid biofuel are feasible, this product could be used in industrial processes, favoring the world economy.

There is no single tool that will do so.

I suggest that you start with the source of your extract, and search the literature for known compounds.

Also, look at this thread for databases:

Yeah so many links here to read from. Great!

Yes i have but like I said the bioactivity is seen only after the 25th day and there seems to be some other bacterial growth in the 10th day or so whenever I try to do mass culture which is frustrating since it grows well in small volume.

Thank you Adam B Shapiro

So if i get 55% inhibition during ACE enzyme assay, what does it mean and correlate with substrate HHL and product hipuric acid

Refere this article

Try this website protocols

http;//www.BioDataCenter.ir

Thank you for the suggestions. Will try them

First the samples should be shade dried and powdered. Next for extraction either traditional soaking method or soxhelet may be carried out using a series of solvents such as PET ether, benzene, chloroform and ethanol

Hicham Mechqoq thank you for this productive suggestion.

We have done a wide study involving several stress factors and their role in plant ROS production and signalling:

By using the HPLC, TLC, column,

thank you for the suggestion, I will study about this a bit more.

Hot water extraction and maceration extraction are different

Typically salts are not considered in QSAR models since most software do not calculate molecular descriptors on non-full connected structures, see this paper

Article Trust, But Verify: On the Importance of Chemical Structure C...

In a typical QSAR workflow salts are removed from the dataset or modified removing the counterions.

alvaMolecule (https://www.alvascience.com/alvamolecule/) can be used for this task.

Otherwise if want to preserve those structures you can have a look at alvaDesc (https://www.alvascience.com/alvadesc/), it is a software for the calculation of molecular descriptors and fingerprints and it manages both full-connected and non-full connected structures such as salts, mixtures and ionic liquids.

Thanks very much

In order not to synthesize another compound of the calcium phosphate family other than hydroxyapatite.

Better you can go for HPTLC fingerprinting profiling study.. and also do quantification study by using standard chlorgenic and plant extract with the same plate ... and you can easily quantify how much microgram per ml chlorogenic acid present in your plant extract .

Toxicity test and dose response curve befor you reached animal stage.

First step: fractionation of your extract then HPLC

the analytical procedure applied if you have publication standard for this compound or fraction while preparative procedure used if you need to full identification of phytochemical diversity or to discover a new compound within your extract (due to environmental diversity). preparative HPLC followed by normal spectrophotometric procedure as identification tools and you will get pure compounds for further biological investigations

Simply, it means, all kind of plants produce certain chemical compounds, which have a biological activity may it be not yet observed or already had been observed their chemical structure. After extracting one of them from the plant, researchers may change their structure by a chemical modification and obtain new compound which may have different biological activity than the initial one. In that case new compound is called semi-synthesized compound, which based obtained on the modification of natural compound. The compound may be object for protecting of intellectual property if it is not yet known for scientific society. The modification is used for reducing side effects (including toxicity) of known biological active compound or increasing its specific activity. In both cases, usually, the index of effectiveness of the biological active compound is increased.

Dear Hussein A. Abid

please have a look to this good book

Garlic contains diallyl disulfide. I suppose that extract contain it too. This substance can form various polymeric products, which are less soluble or unsoluble. Maybe you should avoid heating and exposure to UV and oxidative atmosphere, this could help a bit.