Science topic

Bible - Science topic

Bible is the book composed of writings generally accepted by Christians as inspired by God and of divine authority. (Webster, 3d ed)
Questions related to Bible
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
4 answers
What was happening under Persian dominance which caused the word to be used three times in Hebrew Scriptures?
Relevant answer
Answer
Pardes (Hebrew: פרד״ס) is a Kabbalistic theory of Biblical exegesis first advanced by Moses de León,[1] adapting the popular "fourfold" method of medieval Christianity.[2][3][4][5][6] The term, sometimes also rendered PaRDeS, means "orchard" when taken literally, but is used in this context as a Hebrew acronym formed from the initials of the following four approaches:
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
4 answers
Chronological chapters order
Relevant answer
Answer
Think you for these indications books. they are very helpful.
I did something but in french
La vision complète des 9 collections des Proverbes avec leurs titres : Pr 1,1–9,18 « Proverbes de Salomon, fils de David, roi d’Israël » ; Pr 10,1–22,16 « Proverbes de Salomon » ; Pr 22,17–24,22 « Paroles de sages » ; Pr 24,23-34 « Ceux-ci sont aussi (issus) des sages » ; Pr 25,1–29,27 « Ceux-ci sont aussi des proverbes de Salomon que les gens d’Ezékias, roi de Juda, ont copiés » ; Pr 30,1-14 « Paroles d’Agour, fils de Yaqè le Massaïte » ; Pr 30,15-33 « Proverbes numériques » ; Pr 31,1-9 « Paroles de Lemuel, roi de Massa, que lui inculqua sa mère » ; Pr 31,10-31 « Poème alphabétique sur la femme vertueuse ».
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
1 answer
The Holy Bible
New Testament
Relevant answer
Answer
To my point of view, somewhat shared by many but still different from all others in some respects, each gospel presents a different understanding of Jesus. Now to me, the two earliest gospels are Mark and John, both of which we have only in an edited form to conceal things the Romans might find troublesome. For Mark it would have been the suggestion of the apotheosis of Jesus and a strong implication that Jesus was the actual conqueror of the world, an act yet to be finalized, while John was originally actively linking Jesus with Dionysus, also a conqueror who overthrew the existing powers. Matthew seems to have wanted to portray Jesus as a new Moses, leading exiles to victory and regaining the Holy Land, yet again something the Romans would not like. Finally, I consider Luke to be the last, actively denying any connection between Jesus and Dionysus while emphasizing that Jesus had no interest in a worldly kingdom and actually liked Romans. Matthew, Mark and John were then preserved to keep the truth of Jesus as an anti-Roman religious leader, while Luke was kept to satisfy Rome that Christianity was not a threat.
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
3 answers
Books of the Bible
Relevant answer
I consider that if we dispense with any interference, whether political or religious, about something "unknown", we will be able to advance in the true historical memory that belongs to it as a Country, and it is a source of great pride! Every Country must learn to do without every "taboo" if it wishes to advance correctly in all areas of Progress...[Juana Maria Arcelus-Ulibarrena]
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
1 answer
Relevant answer
Answer
Sure, if Jesus had come as a billomaire, salvation would have been for the rich and not for all. Alexander Ohnemus
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
100 answers
Is it a colourized picture from the 1920s?
If it is a later picture, circa 1960s? then how is it possible that we have a "dead region"-- no trees, and an "alive region," within feet of each other? decades after the event?
Surely this is scientifically impossible? What could possibly be the cause?
And where is the crater?
And why did night turn to day around the world for weeks after?
And why were lights seen in the sky over Europa -before- the event according to some accounts?
And why are there genetic changes in this area?
What on earth is going on?
(Some speculate, that after much too-ing and fro-ing, this was the moment Satan was finally thrown down to earth. The "light-bringer". This would also explain the dead-patch that lingers, and also the timing-- shortly after we had two World- Wars ; the killing fields of World War I, and the inhuman happenings of World War II).
Relevant answer
Answer
Prof. Boris R. German has been working for a while in the Tunguska event.
His page is:
Best Regards.
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
9 answers
In the Bible beginning it is insisted that God made the man as his image and similarity. That means that God has had eyes, nose, mouth, ears etc. long before making space, light, Earth. The question is: Why does God had eyes when there was not light? Nose when there was nothing to smell? Ears when there was no air to carry sound waves? The list can go on. Is this question not a prove that Bible is just a fairytale?
Relevant answer
Answer
We dont ckearly understand Eg Trinity so three is one and one is three. Similarly bible Man & Woman (wife) they are one. We using logic say tgey are male and female that is two individuals.
So thr logic the bible is using is digferent from what you are saying.
Eg God is outside of time He is Absolute time with no beginning. We live in present time wbich science says has a beginning.
So its wiser to ask God hinself for his logic of our queries see from his presoective then accept or deny. choose
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
4 answers
RELIGION AND HUMOR
John Morreall says that when laughter is mentioned in the Bible, it is associated with one of three things. In descending order, they are: Hostility, Foolishness, and Joy. For laughter and hostility, consider Psalms 59:4-8 which implores God to “have no mercy on villains and traitors…. But you, O Lord, laugh at them, and deride all the nations.”
For laughter and foolishness, consider Genesis 17:17 when God tells Abraham at age 99 that he and his aged wife Sarah will have a son. Abraham “fell on his face and laughed.” On hearing the news, Sarah also laughed with disbelief, and “when God confronted her, she compounded her foolishness by denying that she had laughed.” When their child was born, they named him Isaac (meaning “He will laugh or rejoice”) (Genesis 18:12-15).
Laughter is again associated with foolishness in a Bible passage which reads: “Sorrow is better than laughter, for by sadness of countenance the heart is made glad.” “The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning; but the heart of fools is in the house of mirth” (Ecclesiastes 7:3-6). But laughter can also be associated with joy in the Bible as in: “When the Lord restored the fortunes of Zion, we were like those who dream. Then our mouth was filled with laughter, and our tongues with shouts of joy” (Psalms 126:2). In the New Testament, Jesus says, “Blessed are you who weep now, for you shall laugh” (Luke 6:21).
There are four great religious truths:
Muslims do not recognize Jews as God’s chosen people.
Jews do not recognize Jesus as the Messiah.
Protestants do not recognize the Pope as the leader of the Christian world.
Baptists do not recognize each other at Hooters.
Look at this PowerPoint about “Humor and Religion.” Do you know of other examples of humor and religion?
Relevant answer
Answer
Souhila: Yes. You're absolutely right.
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
3 answers
With so many choices, what is the most trusted list of Molar absorption coefficients (ε) for organic compounds? To be even more specific I'd be using an HPLC with DAD detector to measure individual compounds in plant derived essential oils. Appreciate the discussion as I'm sure their are many correct answers and personal favorites. Thanks.
Relevant answer
Answer
One table that I use and include in many of the advanced HPLC Diode Array Detector (DAD / PDA) classes that I teach can be found at the following link:
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
92 answers
Given the fact that God’s plan of salvation was devised before creation, how does He (or the bible) defend this plan given the suggestion that the souls who will perish could be more than those who will be saved, as suggested in Matt. 7:13-14? (cf. Luke 13: 22-25; Gen 6:7; 7:7, 13, 16). I need your opinions.
Relevant answer
Answer
In fact, in Islam, we believe that God alone is the one who sets this plan, and that He chooses special people for it. No human being can bear the weight of the message, but there are people whom God has chosen for that and certainly possess supernatural qualities and qualifications that enable them to do so. They are the prophets, peace be upon them... Then comes the choice of the guardians for them, and this is also by the God, as no human being can determine this, and they are also people with supernatural qualifications... Therefore, we believe that God gave knowledge to those people and also to the righteous in the earth to confront evil and to spread good, the earth will still be fine as long as there are good people chosen by God to be his soldiers against evil.
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
11 answers
This question is inspired in the article of yesterday by John Horvat II https://www.returntoorder.org/2014/07/saint-thomas-say-immigration-2/?pkg=rtoe0886
In looking at the debate over immigration, it is almost automatically assumed that the Church’s position is one of unconditional charity toward those who enter the nation, legally or illegally.
However, is this the case? What does the Bible say about immigration? What do Church doctors and theologians say? Above all, what does the greatest of doctors, Saint Thomas Aquinas, say about immigration? Does his opinion offer some insights to the burning issues now shaking the nation and blurring the national borders?
Saint Thomas: “Man’s relations with foreigners are twofold: peaceful, and hostile: and in directing both kinds of relation the Law contained suitable precepts.”
Commentary: In making this affirmation, Saint Thomas affirms that not all immigrants are equal. Every nation has the right to decide which immigrants are beneficial, that is, “peaceful,” to the common good. As a matter of self-defense, the State can reject those criminal elements, traitors, enemies and others who it deems harmful or “hostile” to its citizens.
The second thing he affirms is that the manner of dealing with immigration is determined by law in the cases of both beneficial and “hostile” immigration. The State has the right and duty to apply its law.
Saint Thomas: “For the Jews were offered three opportunities of peaceful relations with foreigners. First, when foreigners passed through their land as travelers. Secondly, when they came to dwell in their land as newcomers. And in both these respects the Law made kind provision in its precepts: for it is written (Exodus 22:21): ’Thou shalt not molest a stranger [advenam]’; and again (Exodus 22:9): ’Thou shalt not molest a stranger [peregrino].’”
Commentary: Here Saint Thomas acknowledges the fact that others will want to come to visit or even stay in the land for some time. Such foreigners deserved to be treated with charity, respect and courtesy, which is due to any human of good will. In these cases, the law can and should protect foreigners from being badly treated or molested.
Saint Thomas: “Thirdly, when any foreigners wished to be admitted entirely to their fellowship and mode of worship. With regard to these a certain order was observed. For they were not at once admitted to citizenship: just as it was law with some nations that no one was deemed a citizen except after two or three generations, as the Philosopher says (Polit. iii, 1).”
Commentary: Saint Thomas recognizes that there will be those who will want to stay and become citizens of the lands they visit. However, he sets as the first condition for acceptance a desire to integrate fully into what would today be considered the culture and life of the nation.
A second condition is that the granting of citizenship would not be immediate. The integration process takes time. People need to adapt themselves to the nation. He quotes the philosopher Aristotle as saying this process was once deemed to take two or three generations. Saint Thomas himself does not give a time frame for this integration, but he does admit that it can take a long time.
Saint Thomas: “The reason for this was that if foreigners were allowed to meddle with the affairs of a nation as soon as they settled down in its midst, many dangers might occur, since the foreigners not yet having the common good firmly at heart might attempt something hurtful to the people.”
Commentary: The common sense of Saint Thomas is certainly not politically correct but it is logical. The theologian notes that living in a nation is a complex thing. It takes time to know the issues affecting the nation. Those familiar with the long history of their nation are in the best position to make the long-term decisions about its future. It is harmful and unjust to put the future of a place in the hands of those recently arrived, who, although through no fault of their own, have little idea of what is happening or has happened in the nation. Such a policy could lead to the destruction of the nation.
As an illustration of this point, Saint Thomas later notes that the Jewish people did not treat all nations equally since those nations closer to them were more quickly integrated into the population than those who were not as close. Some hostile peoples were not to be admitted at all into full fellowship due to their enmity toward the Jewish people.
Saint Thomas: “Nevertheless it was possible by dispensation for a man to be admitted to citizenship on account of some act of virtue: thus it is related (Judith 14:6) that Achior, the captain of the children of Ammon, ‘was joined to the people of Israel, with all the succession of his kindred.’”
Commentary: That is to say, the rules were not rigid. There were exceptions that were granted based on the circumstances. However, such exceptions were not arbitrary but always had in mind the common good. The example of Achior describes the citizenship bestowed upon the captain and his children for the good services rendered to the nation.
* * *
These are some of the thoughts of Saint Thomas Aquinas on the matter of immigration based on biblical principles. It is clear that immigration must have two things in mind: the first is the nation’s unity; and the second is the common good.
Immigration should have as its goal integration, not disintegration or segregation. The immigrant should not only desire to assume the benefits but the responsibilities of joining into the full fellowship of the nation. By becoming a citizen, a person becomes part of a broad family over the long term and not a shareholder in a joint stock company seeking only short-term self-interest.
Secondly, Saint Thomas teaches that immigration must have in mind the common good; it cannot destroy or overwhelm a nation.
This explains why so many Americans experience uneasiness caused by massive and disproportional immigration. Such policy artificially introduces a situation that destroys common points of unity and overwhelms the ability of a society to absorb new elements organically into a unified culture. The common good is no longer considered.
A proportional immigration has always been a healthy development in a society since it injects new life and qualities into a social body. But when it loses that proportion and undermines the purpose of the State, it threatens the well-being of the nation.
When this happens, the nation would do well to follow the advice of Saint Thomas Aquinas and biblical principles. The nation must practice justice and charity towards all, including foreigners, but it must above all safeguard the common good and its unity, without which no country can long endure.
Relevant answer
Answer
En tiempos de Santo Tomás de Aquino la gente viajaba pero no tanto como ahora y cuando se hacía era por motivos de trabajo o motivos serios. Actualmente la gente viaja para conocer, hacer turismo, intentar una vida mejor aunque muy raramente se logre todo lo que se busca.
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
7 answers
What is the authoritative work / book about the proper names of the Bible?
Relevant answer
Answer
Sorry, should also have mentioned: Hans Rechenmacher, "Althebraische Personnamen" (2013), which is more pedagogically arranged than Noth's classic volume.
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
4 answers
A ten-plague tradition is mentioned in the Exodus narrative but seven-plague traditions are mentioned in the Psalms (78/105). Why? Another seven-plague schema is found in Amos 4:6-11 though not explicitly related to Exodus plagues. In the later literature, ten-plague schemas are mentioned in the Apocalypse of Abraham, the Book of Jubilees, and Philo's retelling of the Egyptian plagues where as seven-plague schemas are mentioned in Artapanus, Wisdom of Solomon, Testament of Benjamin, and Greek Apocalypse of Baruch. And the New Testament Apocalypse applies the 'seven' schemas over against the established 'ten' framework as well regarding the Exodus-like judgments. Why? Which preceded what in time? Which was original? Ten or seven? Were there exodus traditions older than the Pentateuchal 'ten' tradition? Is 'ten' developed from the fusion of the older sevens? How can we argue for it?
Relevant answer
Answer
There are many topics mentioned in the 27 Psalms you reference, and just because every single one of the ten plagues are not mentioned does not mean that there is a discrepancy. The Psalms are poetic and are an artists method of praising God, retelling parts of history, and prophesying. Thus they are not always complete in the information presented due to the nature of putting words to music. As for Amos 4:6-11, those were plagues dealt to Israel and not Egypt. As for the book of Revelation, there are actually 14 plagues when you consider both the trumpet and bowl plagues. There are also additional plagues found in the seven seals. Though some of them will be similar to what Egypt experienced, nothing in the Bible says that there must be an exact match to everything that God does or will do. There are many types that portray future and past events, but it is not always precise in every detail. In addition, the books that you mentioned such as "Apocalypse of Abraham, the Book of Jubilees, Philo's retelling of the Egyptian plagues, Artapanus, Wisdom of Solomon, Testament of Benjamin, and Greek Apocalypse of Baruch" are part of the pseudepigrapha which are spurious works that cannot be trusted. I hope this helps.
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
6 answers
"Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return" says Bible. Will the future of posthumanism try to mar this theological perception of life.
Relevant answer
Answer
Theologians have always managed to accommodate any possibility of their choosing, from the ridiculous to the sublime. So why not? Of course such accommodations may be deemed heresies, giving rise to another set of problems....
Also, why do you see a problem specifically with "Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return" due to post-humanism? Entropy spells the same end whether there are post-humans or not.
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
4 answers
I have been having a lot of thoughts about writting about the current political state but it seems over done. Than again I was thinking of writing about rape and male dominance from the early ages of the bible until now. With references and comparisons of the different time frames.
Help!!
Relevant answer
Answer
Thank for the input and i will surely use all the tips I have been given
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
36 answers
For knowledge of mine and people with me,I need this help from ourscientific community.Long back,my teacher Late Prof K S Bhargava took coloured photos of sacred plants of India for his proposed book entitled 'Sacred plants of India.But, unfortunately he expired and thereafter we have no information about his write-up.
To my knowledge,Plants in Bibles and Plants in Holy Quran have been published.Plants of many Sacred Groves are also available in literature.
In my opinion ,this procedure of linking plants with human faith,has been the most effective way of plant conservation
Relevant answer
Answer
Yellow Bird of Paradise by my Colleague
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
14 answers
Hello!
When I searched on the net I found out that the whole Bible has been translated into Geez / Classical Ethiopic before 6. Century AD. But unfourtunately I could not reach to such a translation of Bible anywhere. Dilmann’s translation is available but this is ofcourse a new one. So, is it possible to reach to the ancient Geez translation of Bible which had been made before sixth century AD or not. And does such a translation exist still or is it perished/lost?
If anyone could reply my question I would be very happy …
Yours Faithfully
Dr. Naif Yaşar
Turkey
Relevant answer
Answer
Hello, for useful references: A. Bausi, "Un nuovo studio sulla versione etiopica della Bibbia" [A New Study on the Ethiopic Version of the Bible], in Rassegna di Studi Etiopici, XLIII (1999), pp. 5-13. (cf. Alessandro Bausi in academia.edu)
Best regards
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
37 answers
How often is the Bible cited in academic research?
Relevant answer
Answer
The sacred books, Like Old Testament (Torah), Bible and Quran, do not scientific books. They are theological books. But there are some information and cites as scientific data. Personally, I respect Sacred books as a theological informations as a scientific data. In fact, theologians are in the dark about scientific data in the Sacred books. Ask about them to scientists.
Only religious educational comes up with result od fanaticism; only scientific education decisives Atheism.
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
11 answers
Does any neurolog have any chance to escape the initial report? Why do they always reproduce patterns in their own research? I think the too strict protocols totally ruined in advance any research, forbidding any individual idea and inducing results. Why are neurologs unable to express any novelty? Is there a secret Bible for the human brain, a correct universal way to drive it?
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Fred Romano & André Michaud,
Why not address Fred Romano's hunches in trying to get more concrete?
It is shown below: our advanced, dedicated MR and endoscopic imaging techniques might be far better exploited for unraveling the nature and cause of MS. This would help to avoid mistaken lesion interpretations, brain biopsies, to overcome the pushing of disease-modifying drugs, a commercial monopolizing of MS-research.
Thank you in advance if you are willing to face these problems, to strive to master them in the patients' best interests.
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
8 answers
Is there any mention of who the man was that was possessed by demons at Kursi? This man was mentioned in several passages in the Bible but not by name.
Relevant answer
Answer
And to answer the original question about the name. One of the intriguing aspects of this story is that the possessed identifies himself as 'LEGIO' (Legion). Not a name, but a message. I am 'many' (with negative connotation: legio = the Roman army, occupation. Not free). The German exegete and psychiatrist Eugen Drewermann even turns this story in a parable about the 'spiritual illness' of people who can't say 'I', but can only reflect 'the many'. They are torn apart. The meeting with Jesus who adresses him as a person causes panic (in the story: the shuddering of the demon) is the beginning of the process of personal individuation. A liberation to 'normal human life' (with which the story ends).
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
3 answers
Are there religious scriptures in the Christian, Islam, and Jewish Bibles that spell out how to live a sustainable life for the next generation? I believe so, but due to technology and contemporary society, we have discarded these religious guidelines hence air/water/soil pollution, animal distinction, human health issues, Global Warming.
Relevant answer
Answer
Kelly, yes principles that promote a moral standard are very important for providing a framework for modern society. However, standards without Grace through faith in the Lord Jesus Christ is insufficient to deliver us from what causes immorality, which will be prevalent no matter how many soup kitchens you have, or noon day prayers, or Mission stations. You can feed people all you want and pay their light bills, this is very moral and good; however, the person need to be trained for work. He needs help getting a job. Christians will lend a hand in principles, but we must also be concern about the spirit of man. Man was created to fellowship with God. If man is not brought back into fellowship with God through accepting the atonement that Christ offers than we are going to have a problem with an immoral society once we help that man on his feet again. This is a good question. One we should ponder. Horace Bushnell's Moral Influence Theory of Atonement I highly honor. We must understand, that although Paul was trying to explain Grace through faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, he was not knocking morality. In 1 Corinthians 9 Paul ascertains that he keeps the law among Jews and Gentiles.
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
23 answers
On ethics and religion. Thanks in Advance.
Relevant answer
Answer
Pastors are humans and as men of God the flesh is always at war with the spirit.
Matthew 26:41 ; Watch and pray, that ye enter not into temptation; the spirit is indeed willing but flesh is weak.
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
1 answer
In the March 5 update of the project "Prescriptive ontology in the Hebrew Bible", the resonant interaction of a number N of two level systems (TLS) in a cavity with an electro-magnetic field at a cavity mode frequency was discussed . When the transitions from the lower to the upper level of the TLS are in phase, the interaction energy is largest and the in phase oscillating system is the polariton Bose-Einstein condensate. It can occur at ambient temperature because it is stabilized by the matter-field interaction, which occurs in the strongly coupled, robust, pumped polariton condensates but not in systems composed of matter alone, such as the fragile Fröhlich condensates . At high interaction energies, optics becomes non-linear, The TLS oscillates between the upper state and the lower state at the Rabi frequency, by emission and re-absorption of resonant photons. The Rabi frequency is equal to the light- TLS interaction energy of the Bose-Einstein condensate divided by Planck's constant.
In microtubules, at the cavity mode resonance, the interaction energy of the polariton condensate is largest, not only because of the large Rabi frequency but also because of the strong induced dipole-dipole interaction between tubulin rings. This leads to an interesting polariton-condensation-induced chemical effect: the increase of the length of the microtubule molecule by polymerization of tubulin. The maximum effect of microtubule lengthening is obtained at the electromagnetic field frequency which resonates with the cavity mode frequency. Changing the cavity dimensions will change the electromagnetic field frequency producing maximum microtubule lengthening. Electromagnetically-induced polymerization of neuron tubulin in a cavity was obtained in 2014 by Bandyopadhyay et al, without noticing that thereby they introduced polariton chemistry; see https://www.nature.com/articles/srep07303.pdf This discovery can lead to new treatments of Parkinson's disease and other brain disorders, as was noted by Stuart Hameroff in his YouTube presentations.
The question presented here is whether cavity polariton polymerization is a general mechanism in biology.
Relevant answer
Answer
The cell membrane potential is caused by a plasma formed by negative charges on the inside of the membrane and positive charges on its outside. Presumablym this increases reflection of electro-magnetic waves in the cell cavity and improves the Q-factor for cavity polariton polymerization in the cell. This mechanism may be the explanation of the origin of life.
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
11 answers
Finding any evidence for the above is exhausting and difficult. Can it really be, like much in the Bible, it was made up?
Challenge this! What if there was no Samuel, a seer anyway (which meant he was capable of thought and planning) not a prophet, no Saul, no David (yes he might have founders value)?
Relevant answer
Answer
Thanks, James. I have, I hope, everything. I'm an historian, James, so obviously I take the part of History.
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
46 answers
It's easy to make an argument that particular claims recorded in a scripture are factually true (one just needs to use the standard historical criteria of authenticity). But a writing containing truth, even if it is completely error-free, isn't necessarily divinely inspired. So is it possible to successfully argue for divine inspiration? If so, how?
Relevant answer
Answer
I notice when discussing the Bible, etc, as divinely inspired the good parts only are selected for proof and reverence. In fact do they not also contain immense violence? Massacres and genocides? Are these too divine and approved of and adherred to events?
2:23 And he went up from thence unto Bethel: and as he was going up by the way, there came forth little children out of the city, and mocked him, and said unto him, Go up, thou bald head; go up, thou bald head.2:24 And he turned back, and looked on them, and cursed them in the name of the LORD. And there came forth two she bears out of the wood, and tare forty and two children of them.
Few children torn apart in the name of YHWH-doesn't matter maybe?
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
29 answers
If intrinsic, then Scripture is the Word of God no matter whether anyone reads it or responds to it. If instrumental, then Scripture becomes the Word of God when God chooses to use it to generate an encounter with himself.
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Kirk, I think the differentiation makes no sense. All scriptures finally are "Gods Word" in "Human words", because there is no "Divine Language" or if there is such thing, to understand it we have to translate it into human language. To differentiate an instrumental from an intrinsic makes no sense, because all forms of communications finally want to come from a sender to an receiver with the end that the receiver understands something, if not, it is a senseless communication, and than even the question if it exists or not, if it is possible or not, is irrelevant. So talking about Gods Word always implies a sense and therefore never can be intrinsic. The other term "instrumental" or "funcional" is for me a missleading conception, because does not appreaciate sufficiently the human nature with it's liberty. We should conceive revelations more in dialogic model or structure.
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
16 answers
Previously UK's Chief Rabbi, Sir Jonathan Sacks, in A History of the World in 100 Objects. Neil macGregor. The British Museum 2012.
Sacks was discussing the discovery in 1872 of the story of the flood (Noah story but under an entirely different personage, Atrahasis.)As the details are exactly the same, the conclusion has to be that the Hebrews copied the flood story.
Clearly there is a core event behind both narratives.....................................What the ancient texts that tell flood stories do is talk essentially of the great forces of nature being controlled by deities who don't like human beings very much, and for whom 'might makes right'. Now the Bible comes along and retells the story, but does so in a unique way-God brings the flood because the world was filled with violence, and the result is that the story becomes moralised, and that is part of the Bible's programme. This is the radical step from polytheism to monotheism -from a world in which people worshipped power, to the Bible's insistence that power must be just and compassionate, and from a world in which their are many forces, many gods, fighting with one another, to this world in which the whole universe is the result of a single rational creative will. So the more we understand what the Bible is arguing against, the deeper we understand the Bible.
Sacks re-positions the flood as a literary trope, which it is, although possibly true. In the above he makes several historical errors, besides intellectual ones:
1) He claims that the polytheistic gods were continously fighting each other, but such fighting as there was reflected the in-fighting of ancient dynasties. Monotheism reflects Empire institutions, a single stable entity based upon an individual of immense power who has the right of life and death over his subjects. See Book of Job (and feel frightened). Cheerfully, the ancient gods dealt with the cosmos and left humans alone-they were after all the ones sustaining the god's/goddesses' existence through ritual, prayer, and sacrifice.
2) The Epic of Atrahasis shows human-kind were created to help the younger gods, morphing later into angels, with agricultural and building work. In the creation process, the god We-illu is sacrifised and his intelligence, blood, and flesh is added to human beings-infusing thereby divinity within human-beings, creating semi-independent status. Unfortunately, as the human population expands, their chatter and general noise annoy Enlil (in this the chief god) who decides to destroy them. He decides to send a devastating flood to kill them all. Ea or Enki (the clever god) sets out to help them. He tells the wise and good Atrahasis to build an ark, in which are the seeds of life, to save himself, his kin and material creation. Enkil regrets his actions, but is partly angry and relieved when Atrahasis emerges to make a sacrifice. The story reflects on human mortality, but also encourages a new relationship between gods and humankind whereby the gods value human kind more. In the story of Noah, human evil promotes god's decision to send a flood, aiming for a restart or a re-creation. In the first, the fault lies with the gods, in the other with humankind -this Sacks identifies as morality.
This change Sacks considers morality when in fact it serves to redefine power and establish the idea that god can do no wrong. It is a change from multivarious human powers, to one great emperor. It does not concern morality, but power. The story also reinforces the status and power of priests, who interpret god.
Sacks holds that in polytheistic religions the gods worshipped power, but this is far from the case. They worshipped life, acknowledging the fragility of life, and the mutual need of god for human, human for god. The radical leap Sacks sees is one of power, not of justice and compassion-more fully exampled by Enki.
Sack's understanding of polytheism is at fault here; he sees it as many monotheists do, as lacking morality, compassion (surely this is what YHWH lacks, not gods like El?), and fails to see the sheer monstrousness of YHWH's actions-what about persausion, eh? Too complex? Although Sacks underlines god's morality, destroying a violent race, he uses violence himself, thereby insinuating violence into monotheism.
Polytheistic religions had well considered morality and ethical beliefs, of far greater clarity than those of monotheism, which in the end are power-based.
Relevant answer
Answer
This is an analysis of the nature of morality, at least for montheistic religions and those who believe in them.
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
8 answers
Simple: Why can the Bible not be used as empirical research?
Relevant answer
Answer
That's a big "if" in your question. For example, in attempting to answer another religiously-oriented question, I searched out some actual facts on the events described in Deuteronomy, in which Joshua was supposed to have been commanded by God to wipe out various tribes of people. You might find that this event is now in dispute, and that archeological discoveries imply instead that there was a mingling among these peoples. Not genocide.
In science, no one source is ever accepted as being absolute truth. Every assertion has to be independently verified, and even after being tentatively accepted by the community, everything continues to be questioned. The bible has never been subjected to such rigor. There are very few independent accounts of the events described in the Bible. You might want to search Flavius Josephus, as one independent historian who reported on Christians and their ideology, ca. 60 AD. Even when events described in the Bible are shown to be potentially factual, from independent sources, their divine nature continues to be only a matter of faith.
I'd say, the problem is that the Bible was written by believers. Not by skeptics who questioned and verified every single point.
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
19 answers
My research leads me to conclude that in Acts 2, xenolalia is focalized and then twice equated with the promised Spirit experience and finally prescribed as normative for initiation. I am looking for flaws in this analysis, in particular, in the equation of xenolalia with the promised Spirit experience. Any feedback would be much appreciated! The full argument is found in my Chapter 4 paper on xenolalia as a community boundary marker.
Relevant answer
Answer
Hi Kirk, the difficulty with reading 20:22 as the definitive giving of the Spirit is nicely summarized here: http://julianfreeman.ca/articles/misgivings-holy-spirit
In a nutshell, Jesus is not yet ascended back to the Father and consequently John’s story (see 15:26, for example) doesn’t allow for the Spirit, in the sense of the Paraclete or the 14:17 indwelling, to be given. Jesus simply instructed his disciples to receive the Spirit. One could also understand Jesus as imparting a preliminary experience of the Spirit, but not what John understands as the Paraclete or indwelling (14:17). Concepts one and two above are not mutually exclusive.
Regarding Pentecost, you may remember that Peter promised the crowd the same thing that the 120 got if the crowd would repent and be baptised. Luke then tells us that 3000 were baptised. That means that 3000 individuals got into a queue (a line) and were immersed in water one by one. This took a fair amount of organising and time. There was a liminal ritual initiation proces. For a short period of time, the new members of the queue had believe, but had not been baptised nor had they received the Spirit, for that was contingent upon repentance and baptism. As each approached the water, he or she could see the people ahead being immersed and then receiving the Spirit, with glossolalic Spirit possession just like the Apostles. Finally, everyone had been immersed and had received/been possessed by the Spirit. Peter, in 2:38-39, made this individual reception of/possession by the Spirit a part of Christian initiation not just for the Pentecost crowd, but for all for all time. It is therefore normative for all new converts.
May I recommend my book, Ritual Water, Ritual Spirit (Paternoste, 2017). I think you will find it helpful in reviewing the literature and analysing the text using literar and discourse analysis.
I am currently working on anthropological approaches to Spirit expereinventing in Luke-Acts, hence the terminology ‘Spirit possession’.
I‘d love to keep in touch.
Best wishes!
David
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
6 answers
In order to answer the doubts about Abraham, I need the articles and books related to the subject of Abraham's lies.
Relevant answer
Answer
I saw recently one of the commentators (Rashi?) points out how did Abraham (and later Isaac) know the locals had bad intentions and would murder a person to take their wife so as not to commit adultery :(
(so corrupt as clearly our One common designer/creator aka G-d of Abraham does not approve of doing a sin in order to do a good deed, for example we may not steal in order to give charity, note take the earnings of a prostitute (machir kelev) for the Temple service..)
because instead of asking Abraham if he and his entourage want water, food or a place to stay, after his journey from the famine, they ask about the availability of Sarah.
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
1 answer
I am enquring about a pharmacology text book which was referred to as the "Bible of pharmacology". This textbook has revision exercises in matching drugs to their mode of action and have different levels of difficulty. This will greatly help me as I am struggling in pharmacology. Thank you in advance for your help
Relevant answer
Answer
I would recommend Clark, Finkel, Rey, and Whaley, ed., Pharmacology, 6th ed., in the Lippincott Illustrated Reviews Series.
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
3 answers
Circuit riders were employed by growing churches to ride a circuit through the newly settled and soon-to-be settled regions of the American west. Their job was to set up new congregations and preach the gospel to the settlers, who were going through many difficulties of this life. I am interested in the period of 1870-1900.
My question encompasses the following:
 - What were the typical activities and tasks of these itinerant priests? What would an average day-in-the-life be like?
 - What sermons and bible passages would they have addressed to the settlers?
 - How involved did they get in the settlers lives? Did they help them build buildings and clear land, or just pass through?
 - Were there external factors that affected their work? Examples: American Indian rebellions, businesses, railroads, settler nationalities, local and state governments
 - Did they solicit settlers for money?
 - What sources can I consult to learn more about this?
Relevant answer
Answer
I recommend a book entitled, "A Sketch of the Life and Labors of Rev. Fletcher Thomas" by Fletcher Thomas. (Published by the United Brethren Publishing House, 1907.) This book gives a real detailed look at the life of a United Brethren circuit rider.  He served 12 churches in north central Indiana as I recall.  Talks about having no horse and walking for hours to get from church to church, often in deep snow.  Talks about living in one room cabins, appointment after appointment.  Talks about having to have the latest silk hat and not being able to afford it.  Talks about praying with a dying 20 something year old.  He began preaching in 1853. Fletcher preached his last sermon on June 13th, 1907 and died June 17th of the same year.  He is buried in North Manchester, Indiana.  This book had a profound impact on me as a young and newly appointed pastor.  In the preface he says, "With the confident hope that this little volume may be read with interest and profit by some discouraged Christian, or by some young minister whom God has called to the work of the ministry..."
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
5 answers
In the current literature there are two prevalent answers: during the Hasmonean dynasty (164 to 63 BCE) and at the Council of Jamnia (90 CE). Do you agree with either position or take a third alternative?
Relevant answer
Answer
There are several correct answers to this. The original consonantal text probably assumed its current form somewhere towards 400BC. This is an estimate based mainly on the date of the Dead Sea scrolls. However, the Septuagint, a Greek translation of the Hebrew text from around 250BC, differs in places from our received text. Our received text dates from roughly 150AD and is called the Masoretic text., when Jewish scholars went through the consonantal text and added diacritical vowel sounds, which was sometimes purely based on there preferred interpretation of the text. this was the text Jerome used when he translated the bible into Latin.
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
21 answers
Does the bible text that says 'ashes to ashes, dust to dust' allow to referr to a coexistene of cremation and inhumation in the ancient near eas ?
Relevant answer
Answer
It doesn't say that. Maybe it just means what is says.
The passage speaks more about the meaning of life than it does about funeral arrangements. Systems tend to return to their original form after a time we have possibilities to use them.
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
3 answers
My research specifically focusses on comparing the use of allegory by both catholic and protestant writers of Early Modern French Literature. 
Relevant answer
Answer
I'd suggest checking out the Cambridge Companion to Allegory (ed. Rita Copeland and Peter Struck) and look at the notes & bibliography for the chapter on the period you're interested in.
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
4 answers
The 9th-century pandect BNF MS lat. 9380, produced under Theodulf's supervision, features rubricated chapter-numbers in the margins throughout. These marginal numbers are from the original scribe(s). But the prophetic books of the Old Testament seem to be the exception: no marginal chapter-numbers are evident there. Does anyone know why this manuscript would exclude the prophetic books from such marginal numbering?
Relevant answer
Answer
Thanks, Neil Ian Parker/ Yes it is beautiful. This link should give you access to the whole MS in order to answer your question directly from the source: http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8452776m
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
23 answers
I am a doctoral student looking for information on training Bible study teachers in the art of hermeneutics. Any suggestions would be helpful
Relevant answer
Answer
I recommend the following books:
Klein, W. W., Blomberg, C. L., & Hubbard, R. L., Jr. (2004). Introduction to biblical interpretation (2nd ed.). Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson. ISBN-13: 9780785252252
Fee, G. D., & Stuart, D. (2014). How to read the Bible for all it’s worth: A guide to understanding the Bible (4th ed.). Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. ISBN 13: 9780310517825
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
1 answer
The miniature is an illustration of a text written by Saint Hildegard of Bingen (1098 – 1179), entitled “Know the Ways of the Lord. Fourth vision, the stages of life. God is present when a child is born”. Interestingly, the golden romb is subdivided in three fields, two of them (the creation and annihilation operators?) being regularly packed with eyes, the symbols of testimony. Also remarkable: The romb is delimited from the sky, emphasizing that the ether is not to be confused with the levels of divinity.
Relevant answer
Answer
The packing of images with eyes in illustrations of St Hildegard's works may be quite common and rather than represent transmigration it may be more in keeping with 'fear of the lord', a figure identified as this appears on a facsimile of a probable twelfth century copy of Scivias used by Keith Sidwell as the cover illustration for his student text Reading Medieval Latin.  I have often wondered if the ultimate source for this imagery isn't Ovid's Metamorphoses with his description of Argos as Hera's watchdog.  The imagery of the Queen of Heaven having a many eyed watchdog might well fit in with twelfth century Catholic imagery. in this case the Lord sees all or is it that even if you were covered in eyes you could not fail to see proof of the Lord all around you.  Genesis 16.13 which uses the peacock in the same way as the Classical world used it's imagery strengthens this correlation.  This certainly suggests a relation with concepts of metamorphoses of physical bodies but I would suggest that the linkage is more with characterising the acceptance of God, whether via conversion or merely an awakening of the spirituality of one who is already Christian, as a sort of physical metamorphoses; especially given the physical suffering that accompanied St Hildegard's gifts.
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
4 answers
A quick explanation of "Social Capital" is where one party helps another party with expectations of equal or greater reciprocation. The old "You scratch my back I will scratch yours" adage.  
Thanks,
Jim K
Relevant answer
Answer
The Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools (TRACS) was founded in 1979 as a voluntary, non-profit, self-governing organization to promote the welfare, interests, and development of postsecondary institutions whose mission is characterized by a distinctly Christian purpose, as defined in the agency’s Foundational Standards.
The American Association of Christian Colleges and Seminaries, Inc. was officially incorporated in January 2005. The membership of the AACCS, Inc. is currently composed of fifteen institutions located in the continental United States and Puerto Rico, including Bible colleges, universities, and seminaries. Each member school is clearly identified with the historic Christian fundamentalist tradition.
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
16 answers
The point is: How does Judaism read the Song of Songs, a song of love? What is the place that this book finds in the Torah? Furthermore, if the theological general principle is that "God wishes to be exalted only by Israel" and "Israel alone knows God as God has made himself known, which is in the Torah", how does Israel  elicit God's love?
Means Israel "those that love and are loved by God"?
Relevant answer
Answer
"Judaism" does not maintain one single view on Song of Songs. The book invites allegorical interpretation, and many different readings have been proposed. In my paper, "Saving the Soul by Knowing the Soul" (which should be posted here on RG) I discuss one avenue taken by medieval Yemenite scholars.
  • asked a question related to Bible
Question
11 answers
Researchers in theology of disability have presented, over the last decades, a non-normate hermeneutic of the Bible, offering a disability-lecture of the Scripture which presents a theological anthropology taking into account the lives/views of people with disabilities. 
Has anyone tried to analyse the catechism of the Church to see if its anthropology is compatible with a disability-hermeneutic?
Relevant answer
Thank you for contributing - when I write about catechism, I refer to the CCC (Catechism of the Catholic Church)  of 1992... I wouldn't describe it as a contradictary and full of mistakes - I donot agree with everything it says, but it is doctrine and the standard by which the church tries to make intelligible our faith. I use it very often and have studied it in detail - why would you call it ambiguous?