Bentonite - Science topic

Creating high-performance materials that are abundant in nature is an important area of current research to satisfy the growing need for sustainable, high-availability, low-cost functional adsorbents for industrial pollution removal systems. The natural bentonite collected from Abu Tartur area, Western Desert, Egypt is used as a precursor in the sy...

The main aim of this study was to produce acid-activated bleaching earth from bentonite clay for edible oil bleaching, which is a clay mineral that can be used in its natural or acid-activated states to clarify and reduce the colour intensity of fats and edible oil. This study was conducted in two stages. The first involved the characterization of...

Cement production is a major contributor to global CO2 emissions, necessitating the development of sustainable alternatives such as fiber-reinforced concrete incorporating supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) and agricultural waste. This approach keeps the environment safe by reducing the consumption of conventional raw materials for concrete p...

Buffer material is crucial for the engineering barrier system to dispose of high-level radioactive waste in a geological repository. A reliable buffer material should be able to maintain good sealing characteristics and minimize desiccation cracking. In this study, the effectiveness of inorganic fiber-reinforced engineering barrier material in redu...

Chitosan + bentonite modified composite was synthesized to analyse its removal efficiency for Cu(II) metal ions. FTIR analysis done for chitosan, bentonite and the prepared biocomposite of chitosan + bentonite gave detailed information about the active functional group present on the site of adsorbent. SEM-EDS micro-graphs reflected the distributio...

The paper examines the problems of traditional sand-clay mixtures (SСM) used in steel castings and proposes solutions. Standard compositions including quartz sand, water and bentonite often exhibit limited gas permeability and insufficient strength. To address this, starch and soda ash were introduced as environmentally friendly additives. The scie...

Low-salinity waterflooding (LSWF) is an effective enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method, where injecting low-salinity brine disturbs the reservoir’s chemical balance to mobilize residual oil. However, clay minerals, abundant in sandstone reservoirs, pose challenges due to their tendency to swell and migrate, leading to permeability reduction and poten...

The raw-material mix ratio and preparation of similar materials are crucial for the success of physical model tests and for accurately reflecting prototype properties. In this study, an optimum similar material for plateau alluvial and lacustrine (PAL) round gravel was developed based on similarity theory. The similar materials were subjected to se...

This study investigated the castability of both unmodified and modified Pindiga bentonite clay as synthetic moulding materials for sand casting applications. The investigation involved the design of the pouring gate, pattern, core box, cope and drag, as well as casting evaluation. The pouring gate design demonstrated an area of 4581.04 mm², which s...

Bentonite clay, nano-bentonite, and nano-clays are used in many industries such as medical, water purification, food processing, and drilling mud. But because impurities in low-grade bentonite occur, its efficiency is limited; therefore, purification and modification are carried out to enhance its quality. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), cat...

Novel polymer composites with unique characteristics as new materials are essentially needed to meet future demands. Terpoly(anthranilic acid, m- aminobenzoic acid, and o- nitroaniline) emeraldine base (EB)/macro-microcomposites were generated from equimolar ratios of the corresponding molecules and different ratios of bentonite via in situ oxidati...

The swelling characteristics and mechanisms of bentonite are significantly influenced by the chemical environment of the pore solution, making it essential to study its behavior under different pore solutions in various engineering applications. Taking magnesium-calcium-based bentonite (Mg/Ca-bentonite) as the research object, swelling tests with d...

The presence of agrochemical residues in wastewater resources has raised high concerns owing to their hazardous impacts on the human health and integrity of ecosystems. In this regard, a cost-effective and readily available nanocomposite was designed and assembled via the combination of nano-bentonite (N-Bent), nanoalumina (NAl2O3), and nanozinc ox...

The study investigates the formulation of drilling fluids using locally sourced materials (clays) in conjunction with bentonite and non-food-based additives to address the challenges posed by the reliance on imported drilling fluid materials. The objectives were to compare the physio-chemical and rheological properties of drilling fluids made from...

The KBS-3 system, developed in Sweden, is a benchmark for radioactive waste management, ensuring safe containment of high-level waste for over 100,000 years using copper canisters, bentonite clay, and granite bedrock. Its success in Sweden and Finland has inspired global adoption.

Anti-hemorrhage nanomaterials are emerging as a promising alternative to traditional materials such as cotton and medical gauze, which often exhibit limited hemostatic properties and excessive adhesion to wound surfaces. This study presents the development of hemostatic nanofiber mats fabricated from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) via electrospinning. The...

Protein denaturation and aggregation during storage of wine often lead to undesired haze formation, causing the wine to lose its marketability. To prevent haze formation, proteins are removed from musts and wines primarily through bentonite fining or, less commonly, using proteolytic enzyme preparations. Both unit operations represent currently aut...

Plasticity properties of fine-grained soils in the form of Atterberg limits are very important inferential properties used for classification and preliminary qualitative assessment of their suitability for any geotechnical engineering applications. Through extensive research, it is well understood that clay mineralogy and soil structure are the mai...

In the chemical industry, hydrogenation reactions play a significant role by saturating double bonds in vegetable oils. While most selective hydrogenation processes are carried out at high temperatures (120–180 °C), the development of catalytic systems for partial hydrogenation at low temperatures has been scarcely studied. In this context, we inve...

Biopolymer blends (GGs) derived from renewable plant or animal‐based raw materials, hold significant potential for competing in the packaging industry by offering environmentally biodegradable and bioresorbable alternatives. One of the main challenges lies in optimizing the mechanical properties to enhance stress transfer between active additives a...

The oil and gas industry causes man-made changes in all soil components, as well as in water and plants. Crude oil and gas are processed at the same time as the product is produced, and gas condensate and millions of tons of waste are ignored. Recycling oil and gas waste products is essential. Sulfur is widely used in agriculture as a fertilizer an...

First described by G.F. Matthew 140 years ago, the trilobites and agnostid arthropods of the Manuels River Formation of New Brunswick remain essentially unstudied in modern terms, and most species are known only from his line drawings. Across Avalonian North America, southern Britain, and Belgium, the black mudstone-dominated Manuels River Formatio...

Biological control of basal rot disease on shallot with endophytic bacteria is promising. Endophytic bacteria as biocontrol agents can be formulated to maintain their ability and extend storage time. This research aimed to evaluate the viability of endophytic bacteria in formulations and its effectiveness in controlling fusarium basal rot disease....

Bentonite is widely used as an engineering barrier in radioactive waste disposal. This study examined the hydromechanical behavior and microstructural evolution of a bentonite mixture under controlled hydration, utilizing real-time X-ray micro-CT imaging to capture transitions from granular to dense homogeneous states. The results demonstrated that...

Indragiri Hulu Regency has the potential for mining mineral commodities, tin, clay, kaolin, bentonite, quartz sand, sirtu, marble, andesite, basalt and granite which can be utilized for community welfare. Based on geomorphology, it can be divided into several units, namely: medium to strong wavy anticline hills, weakly wavy anticline hills, and flo...

Introduction: The current study investigated the use of acid-treated rice husks to remove heavy metals and organic pollutants from water containing heavy metals (R2C and Cd2) and organic pollutants (phenol and atrazine). Methods: The adsorption effect of acid-treated rice husks was compared with other adsorbents such as activated carbon, chitosan,...

The results of a study of the chemical, mineralogical composition, as well as IR spectroscopic and optical characteristics of promising clay raw materials of Uzbekistan, in particular kaolins of the AKF - 78, AKS - 30 grades of the Angrensky and kaolins of the Alyansky and bentonites of the Kasansky deposits of the Uzbekistan are presented. The rec...

Wastewater generated by the textile industry contains a variety of hazardous contaminants, including complex organic compounds, synthetic dyes, surfactants, heavy metals, and critical pollution indicators such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS). This study evaluates the efficacy of a d...

Leguminous crops like cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) can be cultivated in saline soils and thrive in tropical regions with warm climates, even with minimal chemical inputs. This makes it an important source of food security and essential dietary nutrients, particularly protein and minerals, for population facing nutritional deficiencies. Bacillus fi...

In this study, an enhanced nano adsorbent has been designed using Bentonite supported Copper-Zinc nanoparticles synthesised using Lawsonia inermis (B/nZVCu-Zn) and adsorption of crystal violet (CV) removal from water. Thus, the synthesized nanoparticles were prepared by green reduction method. The reaction was completed within 7±0.58 minutes. The p...

Bentonite/bentonite-containing mixtures are used as an impermeable engineering barrier and backfilling undergoes temperature and hydraulic changes over time. Soils around energy geo-structures should preserve their engineering characteristics under different thermal, mechanical, and hydraulic conditions. The present study reports the impact of temp...

In Europe, the risk assessment of pesticides to soils organisms is based on standardized laboratory toxicity tests using artificial soil containing kaolin clay. However, kaolin is not the most representative clay type for European agricultural soils, and its use may affect the bioavailability and toxicity of pesticides, potentially leading to an un...

The objective of this study is to modify Iraqi natural bentonite (NB), a readily accessible and low-cost raw material, using various techniques and to explore the possible use of it as an adsorbent for the elimination of amoxicillin (AMX) from aqueous solutions through batch system studies. Chemical and physical processes were used to create the mo...

Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of bentonite nanoclay (B) and titanium-activated bentonite nanocomposite (BT) on reducing Candida albicans adherence to heat-polymerized acrylic denture base resin and to assess the mechanical properties of the modified acrylic, focusing on surface hardness and flexural strength. Methods. A total...

Some agricultural soils are contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) like Cd, necessitating remediation to safeguard the food chain. However, a research gap exists regarding the combined use of biochar and clay minerals, particularly phosphoric acid-modified biochar and bentonite (an abundant and cost-effectiveness mineral in Iran) for C...

The object of the study was the Ukrainian bentonite clays of the Cherkasy deposit (layer II of the Dashukivska area) and the Ilnytske deposit of the Transcarpathian region. Enrichment of clays with montmorillonite was carried out by the method of sedimentation of the coarsely dispersed phase. The natural type of montmorillonite and the nature of is...

This article presents the results of research aimed at developing enhanced mineral fertilizers based on ammonium nitrate. The main objective was to improve the quality and strength of fertilizer granules by adding local unconventional natural minerals and technogenic wastes to ammonium nitrate. During the research, bentonite and glauconite powders,...

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an advanced environmental technology for mitigating CO 2 emissions and addressing climate change. Among the various approaches, adsorption has emerged as a promising method for CO 2 capture due to its effectiveness and practicality. This review explores the potential of clay minerals as adsorbents for CO 2 captur...

Irrigation canals play an important role in the economic development of Uzbekistan which is located in arid zone and shared user of transboundary water resources. Almost 75% of the irrigation network in Uzbekistan is unlined that subject to some natural processes such as vegetation, erosion, sedimentation, and seepage. The efficiency of the irrigat...

To develop a temperature‐resistant and salt‐resistant drilling fluid filtrate reducer that meets diverse application requirements and to enrich the understanding of the structure–property relationships of cross‐linked polymer microspheres, a cross‐linked polyacrylic acid microsphere (CPAA) drilling fluid loss agent was prepared by water dispersion...

The principal objective of the present study is to synthesize limestone calcined clay cement employing various types of clay and to investigate their durability in seawater environments for duration of six months. The raw materials utilized comprise limestone, calcined clay, clinker, and gypsum. The used calcined clay [Kafr Homaid, Bentonite, and K...

The increasing use of nanostructured silver-containing inorganic materials raises concerns about their impact on aquatic organisms. This study assessed the toxicity of silver-modified bentonite composites on Chlamydomonas sp. Two materials were tested: silver-exchanged bentonite (Ben-Ag) and its reduced form (Ben-Ag (H2)).Microalgae were exposed to...

A barrier wall is a vertical engineered layer designed to block contaminated soil, thereby controlling pollution sources, preventing pollutant migration to groundwater, and limiting pollution spread. Cement–bentonite barrier walls, widely adopted for their seepage control capability, structural strength, and cost-effectiveness, face sustainability...

This study presents an integrated approach to converting hazardous industrial paint waste and Prosopis juliflora biomass into renewable fuel via catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and enhancing its combustion performance using silicon dioxide (SiO₂) nanoparticles. The HTL process, optimized at 420°C with 4 wt% acid-activated bentonite cataly...

With the advancement of aero-engine thrust-to-weight ratios, turbine blades now incorporate complex hollow structures fabricated using ceramic cores. The emergence of light-curing 3D printing technology for ceramic cores offers a viable solution to producing such complex structural components. To avoid the breakage of the core when removing the sup...

Cement–bentonite cut-off walls are widely used in geoenvironmental engineering such as landfill liners and contaminated site remediation, due to their low permeability and structural stability. However, excessive cement use reduces the swelling capacity of bentonite and increases environmental burdens. This study proposes incorporating polypropylen...

In this study, an eco-friendly synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted benzo [4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine analogs was developed using a microwave approach, utilizing Carissa edulis fruit extract stabilized NiTiO3 nanoparticles decorated with a bentonite clay (NiTiO3/bentonite) composite as an effective heterogeneous catalyst. A facile ultrasonication metho...

Contaminant transport in landfills affects groundwater quality. As a result, compacted clay liners and bentonite-based clays are used as barriers in landfills due to their membrane behavior and low hydraulic conductivity. Membrane behavior is the restriction ability of clays owing to the overlap of the diffuse double layers of clay particles. This...

This study evaluates the efficiency of alkali-activated Egyptian calcium bentonite, obtained from the El Alamein region in northern Egypt, for the removal of copper (Cu2⁺), lead (Pb2⁺), and nickel (Ni2⁺) from synthetic wastewater. The bentonite samples underwent a series of preparation steps, including crushing, ball milling, magnetic separation, a...

Through unwavering professionalism and adherence to ethical standards, our engineering team is at the forefront of sustainable development, utilizing advanced technology and innovative sand-casting techniques to create environmentally-friendly solution. Sand-casting offers material flexibility over large part capabilities on low volume production....

Erythromycin (ERY), an antibiotic widely used in human and veterinary medicine, persists in the environment due to its low degradability, accumulating in wastewater and soil. This study presents a novel adsorbent synthesized by magnetically modifying calcined natural bentonite with Fe3O4 nanoparticles to enhance ERY removal. The modification increa...

Bleaching Earth (BE), primarily derived from Bentonite, is widely used in the bleaching process of Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Its efficiency depends on the proportions of SiO₂, and Al₂O₃, which enable effective pigment absorption. This study evaluates the performance of unmodified Bentonite, nano SiO₂-modified Bentonite, and commercial BE in producing B...

An experiment was conducted in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment to evaluate the effects of Optigen as polymer-coated urea (PCU) and sodium bentonite (SB) on intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen reten�tion, rumen fermentation and microbial nitrogen yield in sheep fed high levels of concentrate. Four isoni�trogenous and isocaloric diets wit...

Heavy metal (HMs) toxicity has severely impacted wheat production and is considered an emerging threat to human health due to bioaccumulation. The application of organic and inorganic amendments has proven effective in mitigating HM’s phytotoxicity by limiting their mobility in soil and plants. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficie...

The conversion of waste biomass into biochar through inert pyrolysis represents a promising strategy for carbon sequestration. However, biochar production is often accompanied by the release of small molecular chemical substances during pyrolysis, and the resulting biochar is susceptible to environmental degradation. To enhance the carbon retention...

The inclusion of clays in concrete not only reduces the production of Portland cement (PC) and the consumption of raw materials but also offers an alternative to PC that can significantly lower CO2 emissions during calcination, along with requiring relatively less thermal energy compared to PC production. This effect can considerably reduce global...

For rational use of natural resources and address environmental issues, it is necessary to create new or modernize existing technological processes One such resource is bentonite clay, but there is practically no information on its use in water treatment processes. It should be noted that bentonites differ from each other depending on their deposit...

As it is known, the main sources of pollution that have a great impact on natural geosystems are anthropogenic (industry, transport, energy, various wastes, etc.) and natural (volcanic eruptions, fires, various kinds of waves, etc.) factors. But despite this, targeted comprehensive studies of the impact of pollutants from enterprises of the transpo...

Modern broiler chicken production needs to consider limits on air pollutant emissions and rigorous welfare standards. Therefore, the investigation of mineral litter additives and/or sprinkles-combining diatomite with bentonite (DTBN) and/or dolomite (DTDL)-for their impact on litter properties and air quality is crucial. In an experiment conducted...

The main controlling characteristics of water based drilling mud are represented by infiltration and rheological properties. Hence, this study investigates the behavior of untreated and glass waste treated 6% bentonite water based drilling mud. The experimental work includes both infiltration tests at 100 psi (689 kPa) lasted for 30 minutes and rhe...

In order to investigate the damage behaviour of MX80 bentonite pellet in mixture, suction-controlled oedometer tests were conducted using vapor equilibrium technique (VET). After wetted to different suctions (113 to 4.2 MPa) at a given vertical stress σv of 0.1 MPa, MX80 bentonite pellet/powder mixtures were loaded in steps till different σv values...

To study the comparative use of some soil minerals (zeolite, bentonite, phosphate rock, and limestone) in the adsorption and release of lead and its removal rates from its aqueous solutions using adsorption equations. Two laboratory experiments were carried out for the adsorption and release of lead. The adsorption experiment took 0.5 g of some of...

In this study, bentonite samples from the El Barqan region in the northwestern desert of Egypt were processed using a hydrocyclone to evaluate the effects of different volume fractions and pressures on montmorillonite separation efficiency. X-ray diffraction, laser particle size analysis, and zeta potential measurements confirmed the effective sepa...

Gas extraction from coal seams can significantly mitigate gas accidents and improve resource utilization. The effectiveness of borehole sealing directly determines the concentration and efficiency of gas drainage. In recent years, liquid-phase sealing materials, represented by non-solidifying pastes, gel-based materials, and inorganic retarders, ha...

The rice (Oryza sativa L.)-groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most important cropping systems of Eastern India for human and animal diets. Both rice and groundnut benefit from sulphur application, but a major challenge in maintaining their growth, productivity and profitability is the widespread sulphur deficiency, affecting about 44% of...

Depositories of cultural institutions contain written historical documents protected by enclosures against mechanical damage, solid pollutants, the effects of light, and fluctuations in temperature and/or humidity. A potentially suitable additive flame retardant has been developed for archival cardboards to reduce the loss of valuable documents dur...

The safe travel of deep-sea mining vehicles (DSMVs) requires accurate track traction predictions. Constructing a constitutive model utilizing thixotropic theory, from the perspective of the structural evolution of the deep-sea sediment, offers clear advantages in dynamic studies over traditional quasi-static constitutive models. This study investig...

Characterisation of freezing conditions (i.e. temperature and unfrozen water content) and stress states (e.g. stress level and specific volume) is critical to evaluate the thermo-hydro-mechanical properties of frozen soils. This study aims to utilise frozen soils’ electrical responses to characterise mechanical properties and interpret the associat...

The substantial development of desiccation cracks profoundly impacts the mechanical and hydraulic properties of clayey soils, potentially leading to various engineering challenges such as slope failures. Therefore, identifying the soil’s cracking potential is crucial for guiding engineering design and construction processes. The aim of this study w...

Abstract Robocasting is an additive manufacturing technique that utilizes a numerically controlled extruder to 3D print objects layer by layer by continuously extruding a paste-like material through a nozzle onto a build surface. This study advances the application of clay-based ceramics for additive manufacturing by optimizing compositions that in...

This study explores the potential enhancement of water-based drilling fluids properties by incorporating vermiculite layered nanoparticles (VLNPs) and graphene oxide (GOs) flakes into xanthan gum-based (XG) formulations. These materials, were characterized using microscopy, spectroscopy, and rheological measurements, revealing significant improveme...

Abstract Introduction Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a multipurpose crop with medicinal and oil-producing applications, primarily cultivated for edible oil and industrial dyes. Its adaptability to arid and semi-arid climates makes it a valuable crop for regions facing water scarcity. Water scarcity and drought stress significantly impact i...

This brief revision compiles and reexamines the general strategy developed thus far for quantifying the elemental composition of solid materials using TXRF without employing acid chemical manipulation based on the previous suspension of the solid samples. This kind of analysis converts to the TXRF methodology in a green chemical analytical alternat...

Preventing excavations from collapsing before inserting the permanent structure is essential in many geotechnical projects. Support fluids, most commonly comprising suspensions of bentonite clay, are one way to achieve this support. Compared to bentonite slurries, support systems that use polymer fluids are economical and have a smaller environment...

Minyak ester yang digunakan sebagai isolator pada trafo biasanya berasal dari minyak bumi yang tidak dapat diperbaharui. Dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan minyak bumi, penting untuk mencari bahan baku alternatif seperti minyak kelapa sawit yang lebih berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh katalis KOH dan NaOH pada proses tran...

This study investigates the index properties of artificially prepared mixtures of Bentonite and Kaolinite to simulate different types of fine-grained soils with diverse expansive characteristics, with a particular focus on understanding how various index characteristics influence swelling behavior. A series of controlled laboratory tests were condu...

Bentonite buffer material designed for the geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste must maintain its swelling capacity for tens of thousands of years in a disposal environment. During such a long period, a salient concern is that the designed functions might degrade because of cementation in the buffer. For this study, to estimate cemen...