Behavioural Science - Science topic

Hard-to-reach (HTR) energy users encompass individuals who are physically difficult to reach, underserved, or challenging to engage and motivate in demand-side energy programmes. Given a mix of societal challenges (e.g. inequity, energy poverty, decarbonisation, the COVID-19 pandemic), HTR energy users are receiving increasing attention. However, t...

The study investigated the influence of family environment and peer pressure on criminal tendencies among Undergraduate Students of Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State. Three hundred and nine-one participants with ages ranging from 17-28 years (Mean= 18.69; SD=9.52) were selected from different departments of the institution using simpl...

Information Needs of LGBT Library Users is a part of a planned guideline from the point of view of behavioural science librarianship. It covers scientific information (2021.) on coming-out, health information, protective and risk factors, most common diseases to be discussed with GPs, legal information and rights, religions supporting LGBT+ persons...

Background Go Nisha Go™ (GNG), is a mobile game combining behavioural science, human-centric design, game-based learning, and interactive storytelling. The model uses a direct-to-consumer (DTC) approach to deliver information, products, services, interactive learning, and agency-building experiences directly to girls. The game’s five episodes focus...

Behaviour change is about making long-term changes to habits and ways of doing things. Davis, Campbell, Hildon, Hobbs, and Michie's (2015) study on health-related behaviours shows that even small changes can make a big difference in people's health and life expectancy. Swann et al. (2010) say that these changes can affect the health of other people...

Dementia prevalence is increasing, with no cure at present. Drug therapies have potential side effects and risk of mortality. People with dementia are frequently offered non-pharmacological interventions to improve quality of life and relieve symptoms. Identifying which interventions are cost-effective is important due to finite resources in health...

Purpose The impact of applying circular strategies to products is often measured through life cycle assessment (LCA). While LCA estimates and compares the impacts of circular products, its ability to integrate consumer behaviour is currently limited. The integration of consumer behavioural insights is especially relevant in the packaging sector, wh...

The study uses mixed-method cross-sectional approaches to explore the use of behavioural physiology validation techniques to understand the fashion influencers’ perspective on determinants of sustainable fashion to promote environmentally friendly choices. The study intends to assess the feasibility of designing and executing Behaviour Centered Des...

Objective: To determine the correlation between depression, emotional abuse and their impact upon suicidal intentions among women. Study Design: Cross Sectional study descriptive study. Setting: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science, Nishtar Medical University Multan. Period: 05-05-2022 to 05-10-2022. Material & Methods: 230 women were e...

Introduction Dental treatment of patients with no remaining natural teeth (edentulousness) has been recorded for several centuries and clinical and technical approaches to treatment and the materials used in such treatments have undergone considerable change. The provision of complete dentures involves appropriate treatment planning and the executi...

Background: Despite evidence of depression among mothers of children with cancer, there appears to be a lack of studies or concern regarding factors associated with depression among these mothers. Objective: To review the factors associated with depression among mothers of children with cancer. Method: Pubmed, Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL, Psycho...

The concept of behavioural and social sciences and their relationship with public health

a lecture about the application and relation between behavioural sciences and public health

Dark patterns are user interface design elements which harm users but benefit vendors. These harms have led to growing interest from several stakeholders, including policymakers. We develop a high-level analytical framework – the dark patterns auditing framework (DPAF) – to support policymaker efforts concerning dark patterns. There are growing lin...

Stimulus control is part of the widely used cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia. However, there is a lack of knowledge about its mechanisms of action and effectiveness when used alone. This systematic review with network meta-analysis aimed to evaluate stimulus control efficacy when used alone compared with cognitive behavioural therapy for...

Background: Ensuring widespread COVID-19 vaccine uptake is a public health priority in Canada and globally, particularly within communities that exhibit lower uptake rates and are at a higher risk of infection. Public health units (PHUs) have leveraged many resources to promote the uptake of recommended COVID-19 vaccine doses. Understanding barrier...

Primate conservation is a behavioural challenge and as such requires behaviourally informed solutions. We provide a case study, applying social science principles and concepts to address primate conservation challenges. Selamatkan Yaki is a conservation programme focused on the Critically Endangered, Sulawesi crested black macaque (Macaca nigra) in...

This article presents CPB-LEX, a large-scale database of lexical statistics derived from children’s picture books (age range 0–8 years). Such a database is essential for research in psychology, education and computational modelling, where rich details on the vocabulary of early print exposure are required. CPB-LEX was built through an innovative me...

Background: The purpose of this review paper is to present a holistic conceptualization by synthesising mindfulness and sustainable tourism literature. To this end, we conducted an extensive review of the mindfulness and sustainable tourism literature. Objectives: The findings revealed that mindfulness is gaining popularity in the research domain o...

This is one of a group of articles underlying the development of the theoretical perspective for my PhD dissertation which is about 'The Importance of the Entrepreneurial CFO to New Venture Investing". Research into VC Investing spans a period of about four decades and some of that research claims VCs are boundedly rational in their decision-making...

Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é um distúrbio de causa desconhecida que compromete o neurodesenvolvimento do indivíduo, causando prejuízos em sua socialização, comunicação e comportamentos estereotipados e repetitivos. No intuito de proporcionar uma melhor qualidade de vida, modificar e reduzir os sintomas característicos do TEA, utilizam-se...

Veja mais em - www.editorafenixsefarad.com.br - O presente manual resulta de uma iniciativa internacional e pioneira de disseminação de conhecimento científico relevante, na área da ciência psicológica avançada. Com o objetivo específico de incentivar e capacitar profissionais, estudantes e pesquisadores brasileiros a utilizarem a Terapia de Aceit...

Purpose To test whether a simplified notice of police bail can increase court attendance in New Zealand by increasing defendant awareness of upcoming court hearings. Methods We designed a simplified notice of police bail using principles from behavioural science. The simplified notice reduced the required reading age of the front page by 2 years a...

This article discusses the opportunities and costs of AI in behavioural science, with particular reference to consumer welfare. We argue that because of pattern detection capabilities, modern AI will be able to identify (1) new biases in consumer behaviour and (2) known biases in novel situations in which consumers find themselves. AI will also all...

Reed (2022) states that according to Ullin Place’s latest view, intensional statements are not necessarily connected with mentalist language and explanations, and intensionality is the mark of the conversational. This is false. Place’s view is that intensionality is the mark of a quotation. Quotations are sentences that express the content of propo...

Define unconscious biases and gender stereotypes in secondary and upper-secondary STEAM education by raising awareness of target groups: education professionals and decision-makers. ⮊ Support secondary and upper-secondary school teachers by providing them training, and materials to deal with diversity and gender balance in their classrooms (e. g. h...

Introduction Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the few non-pharmacological stimulation treatment which is cost effective, effecious and lifesaving in various psychiatric disorders. Although myths and misconceptions prevailed in a society undermine the usefulness of such treatment. Objectives Attitude towards Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)...

Ethics in Human Research: Human Subject Research for Social and Behavioural Science: Mahidol University has approved the certificate (as of July 16, 2023). https://mucerr-online-training.mahidol.ac.th/courses/hsr-social-and-behavioral-science/

We are delighted to publish our book entitled “Current Trends in Agriculture & Allied Sciences (Volume-1)”. This Books Provides basic ideas related to Recent Emerging Trends in the field of Agriculture, Horticulture, Fishery, Forestry, Dairy Science and other allied sciences. The Book Chapter Consisting of different thematic areas i.e., Advance met...

Corona Virus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has shattered people's daily lives and is spreading rapidly across the globe. Existing non‐pharmaceutical intervention solutions often require timely and precise selection of small areas of people for containment or even isolation. Although such containment has been successful in stopping or mitigating the sprea...

Consumer-directed care (CDC) is a policy solution for quality deficiencies in aged care where seniors accessing care services are empowered with full choice and flexibility over their service packages. Various programs have been developed using this policy approach around the world, and implementation has invoked a mixture of responses. While consu...

Subsidized energy assistance programmes are a popular policy tool for promoting energy justice, but, like other social benefits programmes, are often undersubscribed. To improve uptake, some programmes have turned to social influence strategies, such as asking programme participants to refer their peers. Here, through a field experiment with Califo...

Background The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted immunisation programs worldwide, reversing gains that had brought vaccine-preventable diseases largely under control. This study explored the impact of COVID-19 on the uptake of routine child immunisation services in South Africa. Methods We conducted qualitative research using in-depth interviews with 51...

Developing effective policy for highly complex, long-term, societal issues requires processes that include systems thinking and behavioural insights. The recent article by Michael Hallsworth presented a rigorous manifesto that formalised a structured approach for the next phase of applied behavioural science which we wholeheartedly welcome. Here, w...

Background: Prehabilitation interventions are being delivered across surgical specialities to improve health risk behaviours leading to better surgical outcomes and potentially reduce length of hospital stay. Most previous research has focused on specific surgery specialities and has not considered the impact of interventions on health inequalitie...

Background The use of behavioural science and behaviour change within local authorities and public health has supported healthful change; as evidenced by its importance and contribution to reducing harm during the COVID-19 pandemic. It can provide valuable information to enable the creation of evidence-based intervention strategies, co-created with...

O sprint design é um método aplicado em cinco dias utilizado pelo google venture para gerar novas ideias conectadas à gestão estratégica, inovação, ciência comportamental e design para softwares, marketing, serviços e outras áreas, além de garantir uma busca de soluções mais eficiente, rápida e focada nos desafios. A abrangência de assuntos nos qua...

Children and adolescents are at a significantly high risk of mental health problems during their lifetime, among which are depression and anxiety, which are the most common. Life skills education is one of the intervention programmes designed to improve mental well-being and strengthen their ability to cope with the daily stresses of life. This rev...

Understanding the impact of smartphone‐based multimodal information (SMMI) on travellers' P&R (park‐and‐ride) choice behaviour is very limited so far. The purpose of this study is to better understand how SMMI, social network information, and individual characteristics influence travellers' mode choices. A stated preference experiment consisting of...

It is becoming apparent that the NHS will face many issues in years to come due to the growth of ageing population in relation to the working age population alongside the increase in multimorbidity and persistent health inequalities, particularly for preventable illness. This has implications to how healthcare and health systems are delivered, and...

This narrative review examines the mechanisms underlying the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic diseases (MDs), along with their association with sarcopenia. Furthermore, non-pharmacological interventions to address sarcopenia in patients with these conditions are suggested. The significance of combined training in managing m...

The maker movement has garnered interest from many disparate fields, from engineering to business management, to behavioural science, to city planning. The reason for this interest no doubt stems from the promised potential of the maker movement to revolutionize not only product creation and manufacturing, but in extension the economy around it. Th...

This paper explores judgements about the replicability of social and behavioural sciences research and what drives those judgements. Using a mixed methods approach, it draws on qualitative and quantitative data elicited from groups using a structured approach called the IDEA protocol (‘investigate’, ‘discuss’, ‘estimate’ and ‘aggregate’). Five grou...

The scientific literature on psychosexual functioning shows a range of outcomes for individuals with neurodiversity. The aim of this article was to synthesize and critically evaluate evidence regarding psychosexual selfhood (orientation), behaviors and experiences in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity...

The main purpose of this article is to review the factors that impact employee motivation in on-the-job training and the extent to which game mechanics can be used to increase motivation and expected learning outcomes. The choice for this topic is based on the lack of academic literature on gamification in the work environment – more so, relating t...

The intimate entanglement between objects affordances and human poses is of large interest, among others, for behavioural sciences, cognitive psychology, and Computer Vision communities. In recent years, the latter has developed several object-centric approaches: starting from items, learning pipelines synthesizing human poses and dynamics in a rea...

The advent of new technologies in the modern era has significantly altered the essence of labour. The field of laboratory ergonomics is an indispensable area of research that endeavours to recognise and tackle ergonomic concerns within laboratory environments. The objective of this bibliometric analysis is to conduct a comprehensive examination of...

For the motivation of more sustainable mobility behaviour, interventions based on behavioural sciences such as psychology and behavioural economics are being used to effectively reduce individual car use. Urban mobility apps offer new opportunities to use digital interventions in a targeted way to promote sustainable mobility behaviour (e.g. bicycl...

This open access book presents an integrative and transdisciplinary conceptualization of hope and brings together cross-cultural studies based on quantitative data from around the globe. It incorporates state-of-the-art theories of hope from psychology, philosophy and theology and presents a novel approach to the study of hope in different life sit...

From a cultural political psychology perspective, Carriere (2022) emphasises the role of the individual and their meaning-making processes in the psychology of policy and politics (including the role of values and power dynamics). I propose a ‘complex’ semiotic cultural political psychology (SCPP) framework that reflects on and extends Carriere (20...

Aim: Rapid intervention development, implementation and evaluation is required for emergency public health contexts, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic. A novel Agile Co-production and Evaluation (ACE) framework has been developed to assist this endeavour in future public health emergencies. This scoping review aimed to map available behavioural...

In civil society we expect that policy and management decisions will be made using the best available evidence. Yet, it is widely known that there are many barriers that limit the extent to which that occurs. One way to overcome these barriers is via robust, comprehensive, transparent and repeatable evidence syntheses (such as systematic reviews) t...

Background Behavioural sciences have been shown to support the development of more effective interventions aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles. However, the operationalization of this knowledge seems to be sub-optimal in public health. Effective knowledge transfer strategies are thus needed to optimize the use of knowledge from behavioural scienc...

In their book `Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth and Happiness', Thaler and Sunstein argue that choice architectures are promising public policy interventions. This research programme motivated the creation of so-called `nudge units' which aim to apply insights from behavioural science to improve public policy. We take a close look at...

Background Overuse of antimicrobials is a challenging global issue that contributes to antimicrobial resistance. Despite widespread awareness of the problem among members of the medical community and various attempts to improve prescription practices, existing antimicrobial stewardship programmes are not always effective. In our view, this may refl...

Structural Equation Modelling SEM is widely and highly used as statistical techniques in both social sciences and behavioural sciences. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of students' attitude and perceptions with its variables (Enjoyment value, self-concept of student's abilities, Value, Difficulty, and Interest) on their statist...

The County Lines Model (CLM) is a relatively new illicit drugs distribution method found in Great Britain. The CLM has brought modern slavery and public health issues, while challenging the law-enforcement capacity to act, as coordination between different local police forces is necessary. Our objective is to understand the territorial logic behind...

Most Green Climate Fund (GCF) projects contain opportunities to integrate behavioural science insights into projects, but these low-cost opportunities to facilitate short- and long-term positive changes may not be easy to anticipate. To encourage GCF staff and project developers to identify potential behavioural opportunities, we present a short li...

To realise a research project idea, an experimenter faces a series of conflicting design and implementation considerations, regarding both its hardware and software components. For instance, the ease of implementation, in time and expertise, should be balanced against the ease of future reconfigurability and number of 'black box' components. Other,...

Analytic theology and Science-Engaged Theology are two of the most exciting movements within theology in recent years, and have much in common. Both are interdisciplinary endeavours that engage other sub-disciplines (analytic philosophy and the natural and behavioural sciences, respectively) in the service of theology. Many (although not all) of th...

The majority of respondents who took part in a survey were of the opinion that there should be a greater focus placed on behavioural and social sciences within the curriculum of medical schools. This is done to ensure that graduates of medical schools will be able to practise medicine in a manner that is both safe and effective. Despite the fact th...

Objective: To explore the behavioural drivers of fear of litigation among healthcare providers influencing caesarean section (CS) rates. Design: Scoping review. Data sources: We searched MEDLINE, Scopus and WHO Global Index (1 January 2001 to 9 March 2022). Data extraction and synthesis: Data were extracted using a form specifically designed...

The Think/No-Think (TNT) task has just celebrated 20 years since its inception, and its use has been 1 growing as a tool to investigate the mechanisms underlying memory control and its neural underpinnings. 2 Here, we present a theoretical and practical guide for designing, implementing, and running TNT studies. 3 For this purpose, we provide a ste...

Background Governments have relied on their citizens to adhere to a variety of transmission-reducing behaviours (TRBs) to suppress the Covid-19 pandemic. Understanding the psychological and sociodemographic predictors of adherence to TRBs will be heavily influenced by the particular theories used by researchers. This review aims to identify the the...

Advocates, practitioners and policy‐makers continue to use and advocate for marine protected areas (MPAs) to meet global ocean protection targets. Yet many of the worlds MPAs, and especially no‐take MPAs, are plagued by poaching and ineffective governance. Using a global dataset on coral reefs as an example, we quantify the potential ecological gai...

Complex living agents consist of cells, which are themselves competent sub-agents navigating physiological and metabolic spaces. Behaviour science, evolutionary developmental biology and the field of machine intelligence all seek to understand the scaling of biological cognition: what enables individual cells to integrate their activities to result...

Non‐suicide self‐injury (NSSI) can be dangerous and difficult for guardians or caregivers to detect in time. NSSI refers to when people hurt themselves even though they have no wish to cause critical or long‐lasting hurt. To timely identify and effectively prevent NSSI in order to reduce the suicide rates of patients with a potential suicide risk,...

The author of any text of fiction uses certain genre forms, narrative techniques and perspectives. Modern literature, postmodern fiction in particular, can be characterized by combining or mixing of several genre and narrative characteristics in one work. As a rule, this combination or mixture realizes special stylistic functions resulting in addit...

Background and aim Elective surgery can be overwhelming for children, leading to pre-operative anxiety, which is associated with adverse clinical and behavioural outcomes. Evidence shows that paediatric preparation digital health interventions (DHIs) can contribute to reduced pre-operative anxiety and negative behavioural changes. However, this evi...

Background: In the coming years, major governance changes in the form of policy directives and regulations will catalyse major top-down change with respect to animal health on European farms in an effort to combat the OneHealth threat of antimicrobial resistance. This top-down approach must be met with bottom-up strategies to ensure target actors...

Narratives dominate the agricultural discourse that digitalisation is the ‘silver bullet’ to agricultural, environmental, and global issues, resulting in an external push towards automation and a rapid increase in digital technologies in the sector. Concentrated productivist views and techno-optimist hype and momentum is carrying us briskly towards...

The topic of indoor air pollution has yet to receive the same level of attention as ambient pollution. We spend considerable time indoors, and poorer indoor air quality affects most of us, particularly people with respiratory and other health conditions. There is a pressing need for methodological case studies focusing on informing households about...

As heroin addiction persists across Europe and the UK, researchers are making strides to help users recover. Although traditional treatment works for most users, a percentage is still unable to successfully recover - this is where Heroin Assisted Treatment (HAT) is beneficial. HAT provides service users with an injectable dose of synthetic heroin a...

This paper explored how the prison environment, including prison design and nature contact, impacted women's mental wellbeing when they were in prison. Six women who have previously had contact with the English CJS participated in interviews to determine how their mental wellbeing was affected by the prison environment. We found evidence that atmos...

The novel coronavirus infection (hereinafter, this is called COVID-19) broke out in 2019. I6 January 2020, positive cases of infection were confirmed in Japan, which forced the closure of elementary and junior high schools, voluntary restraint from going out based on a declaration of a state of emergency, and cancellation of events. After more than...

Background: Multidisciplinary team meetings (MDTMs), where treatment recommendations are discussed and agreed, are fundamental to effective cancer care. The increasing volume and complexity of caseloads has led to the need to transform MDTM pathways to improve efficiency and allow sufficient time for discussion of complex cases. Understanding of c...

Assessing evolution of cognitive structures across historical periods has remained challenging in the absence of direct access to humans from the past. Overcoming some of these challenges, we examined shifts in the implicit cognitive structures in the Epic of Gilgamesh, which is one of the earliest surviving pieces of literature, circulating in var...

A Behavioural Science Approach for transforming UN System into the UN 2.0 System

The Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) Anti-Infodemic Virtual Center for the Americas (AIVCA) is a project led by the Department of Evidence and Intelligence for Action in Health, PAHO and the Center for Health Informatics, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center on Information Systems for Health, at the University of Illin...