Behavioral Criminology - Science topic

Yes, its impact may be there because societies are not same.

In Hong Kong, currently popular legal physical (non-online) gambling would be horse-racing football and mark-six (a kind of lucky draw for numbers). Of course, there are many more different ones online.

However, the responsible organization (Hong Kong Jockey Club) closed down all the branches since COVID-19. There is a short period in between that it was re-opened, and many gamblers grasped the time to go in to refill or retrieval their accounts' money.

Unluckily, under social distancing rule, race course is banned for entry even for horse owners.

As a citizen, I can feel how broken hearts these horse racing gamblers are. And with time of few months, I feel that horse racing is falling out of colour.

Besides, football legends all over the world is closing as well. And bars for alcohol are all closed down by law too.

Of course, there is also Majong. Yet, shops providing these are also closed.

That's why I feel that people may shift their attention to others under COVID-19.

por acaso você conseguiu dados do Uruguay? Se tiver poderia compartilhar? Necessito de dados sobre crimes sexuais.

Great question and responses. I find it interesting the way for some the most vile and violent of offenders can attract an almost cult following making them celebrates. We have seen cases where marriage attempts and some successful where the offender is sentenced to life with little realistic possibility of release. Each of these situations involve their own special dynamics.

Thanks for the links. These all gave some insights. I really preciated that.

I suggest you read this article

Iudici, A., Maiocchi, A. (2014). Community Justice and juvenile offender: the management of an individual case with criminal slope with community involvement. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, Vol. 5 (20), pag. 2015-2027.

This is a report on homicide in families in New Zealand:

Martin, J., & Pritchard, R. (2010). Learning from tragedy: Homicide within families in New Zealand 2002-2006. Retrieved from Wellington: MSD Available at

The New Zealand Family Violence Death Review Committee provides annual reports on family violence deaths, which include infanticide.There reports can be found here:

Regards,

Alison Towns

Thank you, Ms. Crittenden for the very useful answer you provided.

Dear Hendrika, 

Thank you so much.

Truly appreciate.

I will get into it now.

Good luck with your research, 

Yours Sincerely, 

Siriporn Pipatshukiat

Thank u for concerning ...

You are welcome.

Here is the citation for the piece on the NYS mentioned by Dr. Anika: Journal of Quantitative Criminology, Vol. 2, No. 4, 1986: Reassessing the Reliability and Validity of Self-Report

Delinquency Measures, David Huizinga I and Delbert S. Elliott 

My MSW peer Sue Sterling from Merritt, BC, Canada recently looked at how to develop an Indigenous Child Development tool rather than the child development tool utilized by mainstream society. Her work involved going to the Aboriginal population in New Zealand and learning how they created programs utilizing an indigenous lens. She stated that the first year the Maui people learned just how to de-colonize their lens in developing Aboriginal programs. There is research guidelines out of Alaska on working with Aboriginal people. You would have to google it. If i find the link ill send it. 

Thank you very much Ines Ferreira Leitem, Felicia Croall , Fran Ashton and Kjell Hausken.

For theoretical understanding, you could look into sociological theories to get background. The labelling theory for instance looks into how in society people are stereotyped and labelled in certain ways (often negatively) and how it creates a self fulfilling prophecy. This may give a good insight on how social norms are challenged through hate speech and how it may help form a relationship to violence in different cultures! 

I can think of a couple of issues - first is that the density of street lights is probably also correlated with many other things as well, possibly including "pro-social" behavior such as cleaning stoops, picking up litter, and so on. Certainly lighting reduces the fear of crime (The 1970s review by Tien is still very relevant to the question: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/47011NCJRS.pdf), but as mentioned it also sometimes is necessary to commit crime. (Criminals need task lighting, too!)

Because street lighting density is also linked to general population density, and probably other factors that may be linked to safety/crime-related environmental factors such as vegetation, sidewalks, road medians, bus shelters, trash cans, and so on, it is important to try to include as many of these factors in your regression modeling as possible to try to isolate what lighting may be doing versus the combination of lighting, high population density and other things. You still have the issue that correlation does not imply causality, but if you can account for as many of the other factors as possible, you can at least begin to make a case for causality.

A rather far-out parallel that also comes to mind is the fact that dementia patients in nursing homes sometimes become more agitated when they do not have strong patterns of light during the day followed by darkness at night. While it seems far fetched to guess that individuals who commit antisocial behaviors suffer from dementia, perhaps there is something about reduced circadian light-dark patterns that makes us more irritable or even more antisocial?

You can read this thesis :

Best Regards

I appreciate your insight and have built my dissertation around expected resistance and even psychological reactance, based on field observations.  Therefore, what you suggest and describe are expected, and in fact, what I am gleaning from preliminary data analysis.  I appreciate your commentary and familiarity with the topic.   EBP has its obvious merits, but as many things "we" jump into, we may have somewhat put a cart before the horse.  No matter how sensible EBP may sound, it has little to no benefit without acceptance and implementation.

HOW can i get the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (Version 4.0) Manual ?

just came across your post. If you are still looking for these details about the criminal sentiments scale, just let me know. Its too bad this info is not more readily accessible, . please reply to  s.wormith@usask.ca

apologies

sw

We know that there are several risk factors for offending against children and a prior offense is just one of these. I doubt that anyone would find it motivated to map individuals according to any of these other risk factors. So, if the argument is to inform the public about "risk" then one would need some additional argument to why this particular risk factor (prior offense) is more meaningful than any other. 

And, one has to remember, that all risk factors for offenses against children are unreliable, they lead to a lot of false positives as well and in such instances may increase public and personal distress for no reason whatsoever.  

Presume you have this?

Another consideration in chicken-egg comparisons is how early you go back.  So during adolescence or adulthood you might observer both drug use and crime occurring simultaneously.  So reciprocal relationships can be tested. 

Another consideration is which came first.  This seems simple, just get measure first drug use and first crime.  But maybe not.  What is a crime, something they get caught for are any legal infraction whether detected by authorities or not.  What about the issue of disruptive behavior disorders (DBD), before official crimes, there is a entire syndrome of behaviors in this psychiatric disorder that involves rules violations, challenging authority, disregard for authors that.  So if if drug use starts before other crimes but DBD precedes drug then how do you interpret that? 

Finally, can causal inferences be made about DBD, drugs and crime or are they just correlated with one another?  Or are they all associated with some other latent or manifest factor.  Its a challenge, right because it can be posed as a simple question, that represents something much more complex.

http://www.keel.es/ or search each of the data mining tools to get lots of data repository...however don't know how to get your desired dataset...

Media write about this because it sells. Sex, violence, (perceived) oddities sell. And therefore it's exploited. That is probably the most basic answer one can give: capitalism.

The why is probably not found in the media but in the audience, why are people interested in this type of entertainment? People don't agree, understand or believe what they see, which makes them curioous. Also if people are indeed hedonistic thrillseekers, they might also watch such entertainment because they can relate to the person they see on their screen.

Like I said there are multiple theories on the matter why people find enjoyment in certain media, but you pretty much have to look into media studies and social psychology, perhaps communications.

One final note: reality TV like talking with inmates is considered reality TV but the truth is that reality doesn't sell. People watch TV to escape reality (escapism) so the image of reality that is created is in truth a very small percentage of people that are considered on the boundary of outside social conventions. So although these people excist, it's not 'reality' since it's still outside of that social convention. So in this sense, the media might be changing the social norm, making the previously unaccepted social behavior very much acceptable now. Whether or not that is dangerous is not up to me to answer.

I would ask about the issue of crime more generally first in your research setting. If you are using in-depth interviews then this should open the conversation up to more how they feel about crime in the area, et cetera. 

Thanks Lee and Arin, just what I was looking for!

This is an excellent question.  For me, the major ethical implication involves the concepts of moral responsibility and voluntary action.  As neurocriminology  becomes more sophisticated, neuroscientists will become more capable of identifying features of the brain, both organic, neuro-chemical, and genetic which are statistically associated with the commission of crime.  One implication of this development is bound to be strategies aimed at preventing crime before it is committed.

I can imagine strategies of this sort which would threaten the freedom and dignity of the individual.  The relationship between the brain and its functions and mind which is the realm of intention, consciousness and conscience is one of the most persistent philosophical problems.  One cannot be reduced to the other. Mind cannot be reduced to the psycho-physical, and the psycho-physical cannot be reduced to the mind and its features.

The relationship is, at the least, complex and sophisticated.  Any crime prevention strategies which seek to identify and/or engage those persons seen as potential offenders, before they offend, are a danger to the concept of the moral responsibility and the human capacity to choose our voluntary actions, as well as to the concept of free will, which is another important and persistent philosophical problem, which as such, is associated with what it means to be both human and a moral agent.  In short, I am concerned with the potential for developments in neurocriminology to arise with could threaten human freedom.

I would suggest you start by reading this study: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1999.tb00483.x/abstract

Once you have done that, look it up in Google Scholar and click on "cited by" to examine the relevance of the 154 studies that have cited this one since it was published.

From your explanation, I am envisioning that your have data on 52,000 criminal incidents as well as data on the offenders, and are trying to determine if certain types of offenders (or those with certain characteristics) are more likely to commit (or have committed) certain crimes.  For example, perhaps after examining all these cases and the offenders you find that rapists are statistically more likely to have come from a single parent home, tend to minimally employed, but have higher than average intelligence, while armed robbers tend to have had problems in their school years, suffered physical abuse in the home, and over 10 juvenile offenses.

Are you trying to determine that given a type of crime (burglary) that there are some characteristics that are associated with committing that type of offense?  I’m not sure what cognitive biases you might encounter if you are using some very concrete measures, for example the number of prior minor offenses, the number of prior serious offenses, the number of juvenile offenses, single or two parent home, number of school disciplinary incidents, results of psych and personality evaluations, percentage of year fully employed, etc.  The completeness in which you consider other possible correlates might give rise to questions of cognitive bias if reviewers feel you missed some of the important correlates of criminogenic behavior.  A thorough review of the criminological theory literature should provide you with enough variables to be confident your correlates are clearly associated with criminal behavior.  As you are looking for hidden patterns, I’m assuming that you hope to find previous unknown correlates, or unique correlates to certain offenses.  You could take a grounded theory approach and not forward a hypothesis as to what possible hidden patterns you suspect and instead let the statistical evidence demonstrate the significant associations, rather than let claims of cognitive bias taint the objectivity of your exploration.

Maybe you could tell us a little more about the data and your approach you are using, to better inform an approach to the literature.  Obviously, guilt can not be determined from characteristics that are indicative of the likelihood of offending but if you are looking more at profiling there should be some good literature out there regarding serial rapists and killers, and drug smugglers, but I'm not sure if there is anything that examines profiling for run of the mill felonies.

Lyon, J. M., Henggeler, S., & Hall, J. A. (1992). The family relations, peer relations, and criminal activities of Caucasian and Hispanic-American gang members. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 20(5), 439-449. 

there is a good paper hope it helps