Beekeeping - Science topic

The collected pollen from pollen trap during clear sunny days should b transfer in airtight containers and it can be stored either in refrigrator in the areas where summer temperature rises upto 30 degree centigrade. However in cold climatic condition it can be either stored under normal room temperature..but refrigrator is recommended. Yes it can be use as feed for bee colonies during dearth period either as single feed or by mixing with other components ie soybean flour 'icing sugar'glucose'gram flour etc to make a patty and thn supply to bees as feed during dearth conditions.

Economically, it can be considered as a by-product of this ecosystem and improve the financial situation of the farmer and reduce the pressure of grazing livestock from the pasture. But from a botanical and ecological point of view, it may cause the pollination of flowering plants that have no forage value and disturb the vegetation composition.

While it is clear that Apis mellifera (as well as many human food crops) have been introduced to other parts of the world, the matter of whether that was a negative, positive or neutral influence is to me, a question, not a fact.

Through individual interaction, visit to farmers field or a village, we can gather information.

Mamta Thakur

Different honey bees have different jobs. Some of these bees are “forager” bees, which collect nectar from flowering plants. The foragers drink the nectar, and store it in their crop, which is also called the "honey stomach". The crop is used solely for storage, and the bee does not digest the nectar at all. The forager bee then takes the nectar back to the hive, regurgitating the nectar directly into the crop of a “processor” bee at or near the entrance to the hive. While the forager heads back to the flowers for more nectar, the processor bee takes the nectar to the honeycomb, which tends to be near the top of the hive, and regurgitates it into a hexagonal wax cell. But now the nectar needs to ripen. The processor bees add an enzyme called invertase every time they regurgitate their nectar (and it takes many loads of nectar to fill a cell). The nectar consists largely of sucrose (table sugar) and water. The invertase breaks the sucrose down into two simpler sugars: glucose (blood sugar) and fructose (fruit sugar). By definition, honey contains less than 18.6 percent water, but water usually makes up approximately 70 percent of nectar. During the ripening process, the bees “dry out” the nectar. One of the ways they do this is by fanning their wings, which creates airflow around the honeycomb and helps water evaporate from the nectar. Once the nectar has ripened into honey, it contains so little water that no microbes can grow in it. It is called 'natural ripening of honey'.

Apidologie, Insects Sociaux (theses 2 journals have a french title but the articles are writting in English. Good for bee's biology research), Journal of Invertabrate Pathology (for desease and parasit research),

Journal of Apicultural Research, Journal of Apicultural Science (both for beekeeping research).

If your research is on "bee & ecology", were bees are a biological model that you use to study an ecological / environmental problem - go to ecological good journals, like that you will have a broader public. The same if your bee model is used for a broader entomological problem: entomological journal will fit

Yes..........

I am interested so invite me. I am a palynologist

Thanks a lot for this great clarification, although I left Saudi Arabia 3 years ago and the questions was to figure out how larger carpenter bees is adapted to get nectar from Calotropis procera. The stems of the plans also were used by bees for nesting. I may try to find this work again when I will be back to Egypt after my research visit to Hungary.

Thanks again Christopher and I wish for you all the best.

Swarming is the natural reproduction process and it has advantages and disadvantages for the beekeeper. Preventing swarming also comes at a cost (like checking the colonies often, searching and destroying queen cells). If you catch the swarm, you have a new family. The recently swarmed colony will need to raise a new queen and that will lower your production. Swarming can actually be beneficial against varroa: the colony which has swarmed will have no brood for a month more or less, so the varroa will not be able to reproduce, it is also a good time to treat. The swarm will have no brood either, so once you have it in a box you can treat it and kill all the varroa. Have in mind that in most of the world varroa control is the biggest problem beekepers face.

Arvind Thanks for the interesting articles. Yet I don't have direct information regarding the number of pollen grains needed for fertilization in almond.

Surender, thanks a lot for your help!

Flowering plants face a pollen dilemma, that is they benefit if more pollen is for pollination of conspecific flowers than for attracting/rewarding flower visitors/pollinators. However, the competition for pollination is probably exclusively intraspecific and thus plays no role on the pollination market. But when some individual begin to use a mechanism which helps to allocate more pollen for pollination than for rewarding flower visitors, then the benefit will translate into reproductive success

Sincere thanks to Dr. Barbara, Dr. Marcel and Dr. Anoop for opening the discussion on this new question related to bee keeping. Appearance of pollutants in the family affects the overall productivity and viability of bees, their disease resistance, the ability to winter safely. it is worth noting that the bees are influenced by environmental pollution, they first face the problems of survival in adverse conditions. People are the second ones, and it is the time to understand it. The crisis of ecology is constantly approaching. Question is open for discussion.

Please check these PDF attachments also.

you can use syntheses of pyrethroids in standing water as you can also use entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana and Metarrizium sp, gave interesting results

In my opinion the above mentioned bee belongs to Amegilla sp. Dr Hema Somanathan,IISER,trivandrum is one of the bee expert in India,her email address is hsomanathan@iisertvm.ac.in

It very much depends on the way you plan to do the sampling, e.g. pan-trapping versus transect captures.  Some of the references in the attached might be helpful.

Thank you very much!

No Sir! birds are  eating the forager bees. They are remaining near the hive as well as also destroying bees in the field.

ok. that's fine. good luck!

Felicien

Hello Jason,

Honey combs have a magnificent characteristic: the wax absorbs most materials, including pesticides. I'm not absolutly sure about neonics, but it can be checked.

If  the honey is extracted in modern facilities, and if its filtered, the amount of wax in the honey will be so small that exposure to neonics is negligable. 

Bear in mind that we eat neonics in our fruits and vegtables, and if I'm not wrong, it contaminates our drinking water.

And so, honey should not be a major source for such exposures

Erez

Good ideas Peter! Why not also follow the causes for visiting various sources of pollen? Peters answer is somewhat restricted to pollen mixing during a single foaging trip, which might be caused by the rareness of some flowering plant species or signal standarsization (formerly Mullerian mimicry) in these plants. Recently Eckhardt M, Haider M, Dorn S & Müller A published an article termed Pollen mixing in pollen generalist solitary bees: a possible strategy to complement or mitigate unfavourable pollen properties? which arreared in J Anim Ecol. (2014) 83(3):588-97. doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.12168. showing that pollen mixing might be caused by toxic pollen. Other caused might be rareness of amino acids and other compounds in pollen of some plants. In these cases solitary bees are more affected than eusocial bees, the latter of which exhibit pollen mixing at the colony level.

Alcohol 

With I.I.  we can create specific crosses that do not occur naturally. Also, virgins could be inseminated when drones are naturally unavailable by using stored semen . On contrary, generally the I.I. queen live shorter than those which mate naturally. Also, one may exclude some natural factors which may exclude inferior drones from superior ones.

Do you mean, how can we discriminate between artificial (Sugarcane) and natural (blossom) honey

Dear Klaus,

According to my unpublished data, the ability of pollen germination decreases sharply after its placement in skopa. After that pollen is much stronger sterilized by bee female under the formation a pollen ball in the cell (probably by adding secretory substances). This prevents further germination of pollen in a cell, for not spoiling the food for larvae.

Best regards,

Vladimir.

I think that point is not just about source of sugar:

Point can be quality of final product.

Technology of production can harm honey bee artificial diet.

That can have influence on higher level of HMF and that chemical can be harmful for honey bee digestive system, but there are no many papers talking about that.

Bees that are not vital enough can suffer more severe than others.

Until today no standard load limitations for that chemical in honey bee feed products.

That can be an issue among the others.

I think you are asking the wrong question by assuming there is a specific answer to the question you pose. Variables include outside temperature -bees wintered on the Canadian prairies consume vastly different amounts of stores from those wintered on the Pacific coast;  race Italian bees eat more than Carnolians etc.; weak colonies eat more than strong, dead don't eat much at all. I think a better question might be related to the race of bees you are wintering in similar winter conditions to what you are attempting

Yvan, I found published paper wher it is wrote that productionis 7-10 kg per hive.

Nils, price for 1 kg of real, pure, royal jelly is much more then $100. That price is for "made in China" royal jelly, but can't understand what is the trick.

Dear Anne,

I raised Eulaema meriana and El. nigrita bees from nests found in the field.  And also nests of a Euglossa, but it has been so long ago that I do not remember the species.  They were given to me by Dave Roubik who had put out nest traps for bees.  I do not recall how many he put out, but my impression is that it was a lot and the euglossas used them relatively infrequently.  The El meriana took very little training to feed at feeders, but the El nigrita were fairly stupid flight cage animals, which is surprising given that they are about as weedy as an euglossine gets!  Write to Dave or Santiago Ramírez and the people that are doing work at the field station near the Oso Peninsula in Costa Rica (Tom Elz? et al.).  I did not get to go to the euglossine symposium held there last year, but I hear they do a lot of cage work with these bees.

kALI SERA TI KANES KALYSEAU

YOU WILL GOT THE PHOTOS SHORTLY JUST LET ME FINISH WITH IT.

As for my Greek language, first I visited Greece several times since the year 1998 till 2011.

In the year 2002 I got the IKY SCHOLARSHIP FOR DOING MY PHD AUTH. THESSALONIKI. THERE I got 9 months course of greek language, but my supervisior informed me that I have to have 15000 euros for my research. I requested here to give me a chance of doing my field work at home but she refused my proposal, then I left to PATRA university, and there I didnt told them the previous story as per the IKY suggestion, then being back to home the IKY themself informed my new prof about my previous truble in Thessaloniki. HE WAS UPSET and he told me that he has no money for research. then I return back with finacial loses around 5000 euros due to the mode of both supervisors.

E ZUI SAN AGOURKI. HA     HA HAHAHAHAHAHAHA

You can go for: Millipore EasyCyte 5 flow cytometer

For details, you can refer to the following publication:

Marringa WJ, Krueger MJ, Burritt NL, Burritt JB (2014) Honey Bee Hemocyte Profiling by Flow Cytometry. PLoS ONE 9(10): e108486. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108486

We have found that placing the sample bees in substantial amounts of ethanol or isopropanol for a few days tends to "pickle" the tracheal mites. Their nearly transparent, ghost-like appearance turns into a sort of cottage cheese appearance in the tracheal tubes.

Then, we pin the bee on its back to a cork stopper that has been cut at a slant across the smaller diameter end. The bee is decapitated with forceps, the reinforced exoskeleton "ring" around the "neck" torn open, and the tracheal tubes can be teased out of the body cavity.

The mites are easily seen in the tubes, usually between the spiracle and the major Y branch into the body cavity.

Eric.

We've used hives with multiple sensors, wireless, satellite, mobile communications, also RFID readers on front of hives since 1995; have not seen any adverse effects as indicated by our data.

We will be hosting the 2nd International Workshop on Hive and Bee Monitoring in Missoula, Montana, Sept 17-20, 2014 in conjunction with the Western Apicultural Society's Annual Conference, Sept 18-19; and a Honey Harvest Festival and Bee Workshops, Sept. 20.

Jerry J. Bromenshenk, WAS President

Respected sir

Thank you for your valuable message

In India this bees were found mainly in stingless bee aggregation sites and rob resin from weak colonies

Pollen powers honeybee genes

Bees could be dying because they lack a nutrient found in honey.

The western honeybee (Apis mellifera) adds billions of dollars to the global economy by pollinating crops, but a mysterious 'colony collapse disorder' has killed off many hives. Agricultural pesticides, overcrowding, frequent transport and bee parasites have all been blamed.

Work by May Berenbaum and her colleagues at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign suggests another contributing factor: honey substitutes, which are often fed to bees by commercial beekeepers. The researchers used liquid chromatography to identify compounds in honey that activate the genes known to be upregulated by the foodstuff, then analysed gene expression in bees that were fed different diets. Those fed p-coumaric acid, a compound found in pollen, expressed more detoxification genes than bees given plain sugar syrup. Bees fed the pollen compound also produced higher levels of genes for antimicrobial peptides.

Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1303884110 (2013)