Beach - Science topic

Romanus Edy Prabowo attached the only low resolution pictures I got

I have not better

Best,

I am not sure if it applies here but excess time spent inside the egg even after complete growth and readiness for hatching, can cause such instances. I believe these are communal nesters and come in sync once hatching starts in one nest and others take the cue. 1. Is it happening randomly in many nests or just in some of the nests? 2. Are all dead hatchlings from the same clutch or different? 3. Do these nests share similar habitat traits such as distance from water, and sand moisture levels?

Next see, if they are showing any physical abnormalities which are not apparent upon hatching but causing them to suffocate or not move.

Maternal factors ( ), substrate traits (incubation temperature), and delayed hatching can cause hatchlings to develop but die very soon.

We have found a mugger crocodile nest which got partly submerged, causing high moisture in the nest. Many eggs were spoiled but some developed. Upon hatching, kids weren't too active and some died a little later. Same I have seen in gharials. Full grown babies coming out but collapsing a bit later.

Hi Maria!

Micropalstic extraction and purification is indeed a very exciting procedure given the right methodology.

Regarding your question about the extraction of high-density polymers, unfortunately, saturated NaCl solution has a density of about 1.2 g/cm3. Therefore, it will not extract polymers with a higher density than 1.2 g/cm3.

Heavier microplastics will deposit with the heavy sand particles. If you can, you should replace your salt with a heavier salt, for example, NaI (ρ = 1.8 g cm−3) or ZnCl2 (ρ = 1.6−1.7 g cm−3) or NaBr (ρ = 1.55 g cm−3). But if not, no worries, NaCl is a commonly used salt and is widely accepted in the literature. Just be sure to mention its limitations in your research for good practice.

Check out this article for an easy and cost-effective approach for MP extraction from soil samples: https://rdcu.be/dq7mZ

And good luck with your research!

The deep water wave height Ho' can be computed by dividing the shallow water wave height by the shoaling coefficient and refraction coefficient. An approximation is to use linear wave theory to compute the shoaling coefficient (function of wave period and depth) and use snell's law to compute the refraction coefficient (need wave period, depth and wave approach angle (direction) at the shallow water location. These equations are available on line and in coastal engineering text books.

If your wave is in very shallow water (breaking) the linear shoaling coefficient calculation could be replaced with an empirical or non-linear equation - there are many to chose from - if not comfortable selecting the best method, use several and get a range of results.

The shallow water direction may not be known - typically refraction causes the wave approach angle become smaller with shallower depth. So again you could assume a range of wave approach angles.

I neglected diffraction - you can find diffraction diagrams in coastal engineering text books and manuals.

Many practitioners would prefer to apply a wave transformation model to compute the wave transformations; typically using a 2-dimensional depth averaged computer model. You might check if such a model has already been applied at your location and ask for the wave transformation coefficients and use them.

All of these methods are good but you take care about the sampling method and had better sampling by an expert.

HIV present mainly in blood and vaginal secretion and saliva not in urine

Drone's a really good idea. But do you have a suggestion on how to quantify abundances from drone images?

Hi Yunhai Fang ,

I wonder if you solved this problem for your model. I'm facing the same problem for my 3D groundwater model for an Island. I need to assign time series to island boundaries for my model to account for tidal effects. I'd appreciate it if you could have any idea about the available plug-ins or about how to write one for this kind of problem.

Hello Andressa. Perhaps, if it is an option, try testing DNeasy PowerMax Soil Kit (https://www.qiagen.com/us/products/discovery-and-translational-research/dna-rna-purification/dna-purification/microbial-dna/dneasy-powermax-soil-kit) or FastDNA™ SPIN Kit for Soil (https://www.mpbio.com/us/116560000-fastdna-spin-kit-for-soil-samp-cf?gclid=CjwKCAiA9NGfBhBvEiwAq5vSy9UwRg2Lj2cAsBFMfJXRwjYMTstKb1lJDjSO8X8Ii9IvCeW0JzTfEhoC0zQQAvD_BwE).

Seaweeds also contain lots of chloride and trace elements that they have accumulated fro seawater, e.g., As, Cd, I. So use with care on food crops!!

dear colleague

All along the Nord Sea coast of the Netherlands sandy beaches and sand dunes erode. The dunes protect the urbanized lowlands behind the dunes against flooding. The erosion rates vary per site and over time. An average rate is not really a useful variable given de vagaries of force and direction of the erosive storms, combined with tides and waves. For decades, the beaches and dunes have been stabilized by suppletion of sand dredged from the sea bottom some distance away from the coast. The dredge sand is applied to the beach itself. Further, artificial sand ridges are created in de sea in front of the beach to break the force of the waves. The information in the link below may be of interest in answering your question:

regards

Dear Martin,

Thank you for sharing your instructive Report Book. The same would be very useful for our recent studies. Best Regards, Debashish

Can you please show what "energy data" you are referring to?

Have a look at the following RG links for insights.

Allsay Cintra

Have a look at this useful link for insight.

Thanks!

Dear Cordula

If you have carefully read my discussion, I rather suggested about doing research in the future which can assess Temporal Validity of two Spatial Heterogeneity studies, say over 3-4 years ! I did not ask any question, but started this discussion as it has a great future scope.

To be honest the color looks more like Cyanobacteria. Green Sulfur bacteria are really greenish or some brown.

Best, Jan

Dear all,

We will close the survey in two weeks. Please, complete our survey if you haven't voted yet. Your opinion is highly appreciated, even if you are not an expert on meiofauna!

G'day Abby, I'm pretty sure the creature you have there is Austrocochlea porcata.

You are absolutely right, Dear Erick David García-González.

All stakeholders needed to be included with proper management.

Thanks

N Das

Hello mbak Fatona, my name is Vincent, as your junior i will try to answer your question as best as i can, I think the sample from the co-cultivation to the cm medium ratio is 1:5 or 20%, i'm truly sorry if i'm wrong, i hope my answer is useful and aiding your research

Acredito que estamos perdendo a guerra do conhecimento, porém a divulgação científica é a ferramenta para mudar isso. O crescimento da negação da ciência é fruto em partes dos trabalhos de pesquisas ficarem imersos na bolha acadêmica. Além disso, é necessário que esse conhecimento chegue nas camadas mais leigas da sociedade, de forma de fácil entendimento, para que as futuras gerações compreendam melhor o método científico e os trabalhos feitos pelos pesquisadores.

Dear Dr. Issigonis,

the Greek geology is rife with marble of regional and contact-metamorphic origin. The name has been coined by the ancient Greeks. In the present situation it is a series of reworked gravel-size marble fragments which not anything out of the ordinary are well rounded typical of beach sediments and due to the moderate Moh´s hardness number of calcite. The rocks exposed to erosion in headlands bounding the beach should not be far off the site where you sampled the marble gravel. Marble of commercial interest should be white, red or black. Often limestones taking some kind of fine polish are also named "marble". As I cannot have a look at the grain size, a decicion whether it is a "technical" or a "true marble" in the strict sense is difficult to be taken.

With kind regards

H.G.Dill

It depends upon what forms (which compounds) form TOC.

Regards

Vit

Hi Amit Bharadwa,

My answer is a bit late. But might be of help to others.

I am not a user of Ansys. I cannot tell you whether you need a used defined routine to obtain the wave kinematics at inflow.

However, I have experience with generating waves in CFD and recently published a paper in which I also compare a generated CFD wave with the Stokes 5th order theory and I also computed wave loads on a vertical surface piercing circular cylinder [1], but both with incompressible fluids. The results of the latter are also compared against experiments.

Your inflow BC should include wave kinematics (e.g. orbital velocity vectors for a regular wave) and the volume fraction according to the wave you are using (Stokes 3rd order). Some codes allow also coupling with potential flow codes that include several irregular wave spectra. The wave theory should also be chosen according to their applicability ranges. See e.g. Lé Méhauté.

Depending on the domain, you might see reflections at outflow, sides, objects, etc. Therefore, you need to tune your damping algorithm to your case. Further details see [5].

As Mohammad Mehdi Baseri pointed out, the grid/mesh is important. Usually, people try to relate the cell size in vertical and propagation direction to the wave height and length, respectively. However, this also depends on the steepness of the wave. A steeper wave might need different resolution. And it also depends on the structure you investigate, i.e. the diameter of the cylinder or any other difficult areas.

Furthermore, the time discretisation is also very important. Time discretisation can also be related to the wave period. Time discretisation is important because it influences the iterative convergence. Some interface capturing schemes like HRIC depend on the CFL (Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy) number[3]. They switch to lower order methods for larger CFL numbers for robustness but this depends also on the CFD code you use. Thus, you will need to investigate different time step sizes. If you see irregular waves for regular inputs, the iterative convergence might be the problem. When you do the grid and time step sensitivity study, try to follow ITTC guidelines for refinement[2]. If you want to read more about this, you are welcome to read my paper: Towards credible CFD simulations for floating offshore wind turbines [1]. I believe test case 2 is similiar to yours. I will add a couple of further reading material below.

The iterative convergence is also important. To achieve convergence is usually difficult for simulations with VOF, see [3]. Residuals in the order of Linf<1e-3 might be okay for a first investigation. Then, you can check the influence for 1e-4, 1e-5 etc. But this comes once your grid and time step are acceptable and the results in the same order as the experiment. The iterative convergence is also influenced by the relaxation parameters, the number of iterations per time step, the numerical schemes, the grid quality, etc.

Good luck!

Cheers, SImon

[1]

[2] https://www.ittc.info/media/8153/75-03-01-01.pdf

[3]

[4] https://www.marin.nl/publications/towards-guidelines-for-consistent-wave-propagation-in-cfd-simulations

[5] https://doi.org/10.1080/

09377255.2015.1119921

Please find great information on all aspects of what polluting our waterways impacts our health and climate.

LEARN: What Affects Beach Health. (2020, July 07). Retrieved August 12, 2020, from https://www.epa.gov/beaches/learn-what-affects-beach-health

Heidi Waite some Airports do have archive climatic data obtained from their installed AWS (Automatic Weather Station). This could be assessed through the local meteorological agencies/authorities in charge. In case these data are not available, then there are several global and regional simulated temperature data. These could be assessed through the ERA5 Copernicus data

https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-single-levels-monthly-means?tab=form

Thank you for suggestions Diksha Karapurkar Danial Ghaderi

One of the key issues in mixed methods research is the integration of the results. If you use two different methods to study two different questions, and thus have little integration, then this would be considered a weak example of mixed methods.

Lets try to save our people first and then we will have ample times to celebrate The Earth Day. Stay safely at home.

Assuming you are working on a macrotidal beach, wave and current actions are the main drivers for local bottom shear stress, sedimentology, morphology, and beach bar orientation. I suggest you read the recent paper by Holzhauer et al. (2020): 10.3390/jmse8010016 . They did a good analysis of the subtidal/intertidal beach properties relationships with benthos. Supratidal beach zonation is mostly related to inundation frequency, grain size and moisture content (which are related of course).

Dr. Abhishek Ji.. and Dr. Younes Ji..,

Thank you very much for the help in identification (Chaetomorpha spp.)

Best Regards,

Dr. Krishna Kumar Jaiswal

Dear Gabriel Enrique De-la-Torre

Please check following article:

Further, researchers from Newfoundland have developed a Plastic Eating Device for Rocky Ocean Coasts (P.E.D. R.O.C.) for assessing microplastic on rocky shorelines.

https://civiclaboratory.nl/2015/05/31/p-e-d-r-o-ck/

You may contact them for further help.

Kerre Ann Willsher What level of intellectual disability are you thinking about here? For some people with intellectual disability it is all about swimming and going to the beach with assistance.

Hard to tell, but I doubt they are bacteria. Can you do a bacterial stain and observe under a microscope? Or culture these on agar plates?

Hi. I hope I can help you with my self-reflections. Self-Directed Learning is the goal of human being and it begins on self-discipline. Build personality and character.

We need to define the instruments and operations to do it. For that, we need to know:

- what I really want for me?

- what I'm doing to realize this?

- what kind of knowledge I'm searching?

- don't forget: self is individual, not solitude.

- who will guide me? (Self-direct learning without tips of who did it before, is a blind flight - can be dangerous).

- what will I do with the learning I'm working on? (Unused knowledge is useless).

Be happy!

We are now in a position to forecast the rip current risk probability in India. At Space Applications Centre (ISRO), we have developed a web portal which host rip current forecast for nearly 175 beaches in Indian beaches. As Rips are generally correlated to the waves, tides and near shore bathymetry, some relationship has been obtained between rip current related rescue data and this physical phenomena. It is in experimental phase and validation is still ongoing. Please have a look into the weportal. We are developing an Android app called SAFEBEACH which provides such alerts including wave and weather related info to the public. This information would help the people to get an overall idea of the probable risky hours before venturing the surfzone. It is always suggested to enter up to the knee level and swim parallel if you caught in the rip.

Dear Mr. Paltekar:

I suggest a sampling campaign related to the subenvironments of microtidal beaches rather than macrotial coastline with vast tidal flats. HM are mainly concentrated in modern beaches in the backshore, around dune belts and washover fans. I recommend reading our latest paper :

DILL , H.G., GOLDMANN S., and CRAVERO, F., (2018) Zr-Ti-Fe placers along the coast of NE Argentina: Provenance analysis and ore guide for the metallogenesis in the South Atlantic Ocean. Ore Geology Reviews 95: 131-160.

You should study very carefully the entire history of the coastal zone to incorporate fossil accumulation zones of HM .

Kind regards

H.G.Dill

Thanks a lot guys

Nicolas Pucino Yes, some organic material will likely dissolve depending on soak time and temperature, and quality of OM. However, if you are not concerned with sub-ppt resolution, I cannot imagine that the loss would be significant. A simple trial with a few test specimens may reveal how much mass change is associated with the water extraction.

If I plotted that right, your location is on the South eastern section of the Baltic. That location has a fairly long fetch to the west. If you don't have access to any wave buoy or had an ADCP deployed on the bottom for information then you'd have to derive that from a Wind sensor that might have been located near your site. I have some clients who have had some of our Axys Wave buoys deployed in the Baltic, but they were more central or western, closer to Sweden and Poland. I'd refer you to the DHI (Danish Hydraulic Institute) in Copenhagen. Also, Van Oord, whose office is in the Netherlands, may have done some work in your region. Nortek AS (Norway) who makes ADCP for waves and currents also may have a client who has been working your area.

I think it's not a cetacean vertebra, it's probably cow vertebra according the anatomical features of the processes.

Perhaps after more cleaning and clearer images the definition be more accurate.

Hi Godfried

Thank you so much for your answer and the wonderful picture.

All the best,

Torvald

Good project

please see the paper

Costanza R, d’Arge R, de Groot R, Farber S, Graso M, Hannon B, Limburg K, Naeem S, O’Neill R, Paruelo J, Raskin R, Sutton P, van den Belt M (1997), The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital, Nature, 387, 253-2690.

sampling in such sites are really troublesome... during 2006, I did my sample survey along the muddy coast of Chittagong, Bangladesh to understand the seasonal variations of benthic communities in the salt-marsh ecosystem. Not only moving point to point, but also carrying samples was a very hard job.

Following your question to get some nice and effective solution

Beach sends are enriched in ilmenite (Australia, S Africa), rutile (S Africa, Australia, Ukraine), leucoxene, zircon (Australia, Canada, India), titaniferous magnetite (New Zealand) and garnet (India, Canada, Australia). In some cases REE (Malaysia, Indonesia) may be extracted from monazite and xenotime, cassiterite (Malaysia, Indonesia), coltan. The latter are currently not in the limelights of economists and are recovered only as by-products. Major producers are given in brackets

See: DILL, H.G. (2007) Grain morphology of heavy minerals from marine and continental placer deposits, with special reference to Fe -Ti oxides.- Sedimentary Geology, 198: 1-27.

DILL, H.G., GOLDMANN S., and CRAVERO, F., (2018) Zr-Ti-Fe placers along the coast of NE Argentina: Provenance analysis and ore guide for the metallogenesis in the South Atlantic Ocean. Ore Geology Reviews 95: 131-160.

I wish you much success

H.G.Dill

Vitex rotundifolia L.f., correct identification by Dr. Arvind.

Presently, the name Vitex rotundifolia L.f. is synonym of Vitex trifolia L. subsp. litoralis Steenis

SCAPE (Soft Cliff And Platform Erosion) is a modelling tool that can be applied to cliff/platform coasts, with (or without) a beach. It represents processes, but does so in abstract and behavioural terms and is typically used to simulate change over timeframes of decades to centuries. It is also used to model the short-term rapid responses of cliffs to the removal of coast protection.

Probably its a sea cucumber.

I looked up the name Arnie Eversole (Clemson professor) who we hired at times to inventory mussels for us at USFS in South Carolina. I see he is a research gate user. You might try contacting him through researchgate (send him a direct message), he has publications, contacts and expertise. There is at least one freshwater mussel group or organization of interested professionals and scientists you might want to search for, perhaps join.

Live oak is great looking, longevity. However like many trees, they can obscure view. Palm trees can be also good, and don’t reduce the scenic views as much. If trees are desired, select from the native coastal trees common to your area, as well as specific coastal habitat. Plants like salt marsh and sea oats can be helpful, depending on whether along coastal marsh or streams, or sand dunes.

Hi Sudip,

I stayed in Cox’s Bazar and visited Inani beach in 1997, and based on my observations the beach sands contain only very limited amounts of coral fragments, and most of the carbonates seem to originate from shellfish. The geologic history of the region does not support the assertion that the beach is part of an eroded coral reef islet. To my knowledge there are no “coral reefs” present in the region (now or in the past), but in certain areas such as Narikel Jinjira we do find a well-developed scleractinian coral community. This coral community is able survive due to the presence of solid substrate made of sedimentary boulders (accretions). Because of complex set of environmental condition this incipient coral community is not able to form a coral reef. If you like to read more on this you can access:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304077895_MANAGEMENT_PLAN_FOR_CORAL_RESOURCES_OF_NARIKEL_JINJIRA_St_Martin's_Island

It is possible that these type of incipient coral communities may have also developed along the western side of the south tip of Teknaf peninsula if the sedimentary accretions are present, but I did not have a chance to explore that region in 1997, so this is pure speculation for now. However, the coral community on Narikel Jinjira may be ONE of the sources of the coral fragments (carbonate fraction of Inani sands) we find on Inani beach. Please note that just because we find some carbonate in the sand does not mean that the beach is composed of corals. Past research done on the mineralogy of the Inani beach suggests that the source of the sand is probably the Tertiary range that runs east of Cox’s Bazar.

I have attached a number of papers on the geologic history of the area, as well as on the sedimentary analysis of the Inani beach sands which do not support “coral reef” origins of Inani beach.

Cheers, Tomas

Thank for sharing your views Harald G. Dill .

I will keep on investigating until I find an optimal solution.

Best Regards,

Nick

Thanks all

You already see that a baby in his carrier has a tablet in his hand and his mother has a smartphone in her. Of course this is going to impact the interaction between the two. You are present but never really present.

Dear Aleksandr Danchenkov,

I recently read a paper on coastal geoindicators and I think there are some references in it which could be helpful. See : Coastal geoindicators: Towards the establishment of a common framework for sandy coastal environments. @ Carapuço et al., 2016. Textbook and Encyclopedia on coastal geomorphology or coastal science will aslo help you.

Agree with both above. I think the solid sediment could help to maintain small highly-linked "kingdoms" for different types of bacteria community, and thus all of them can live in the zone with optimized conditions. The gradients due to the mass transfer limits in solid phase may be one of the key factors?!

Gore Vidal's essays, without fail. Beautiful style, analytical and knowledgeable.

Gore Vidal's 'Creation', a novel about a point in time when great thinkers emerged and the world changed, as they say in all the good blurbs. Brilliant novel and brilliant history!

There are a number of factors that might influence nesting success. How do you measure nesting success? and how much within beach variability do you have? Then factors such as beach location, beach material, beach dimension, weather during nesting, predation, etc. How do you quantify protected beaches (protected from what), human population (is this beach use by people?). Then there may be interactions. Heavily utilized beaches my deter predation. And in what way are the beaches used? And do these factors tend to be constant over time at each beach or do they vary? Some factors are probably similar from year to year, others such as weather may not. For factors that are stable over time, you are then faced with multiple measures so sample size through time is reduced. Necessary sample size will depend upon the size of effects.

Determine correlations between factors and select factors based on likely cause. Rule out factors that previous studies found to have small effects but include them in your discussion and bibliography. You should look at repeated measures ANOVA once your data have meaningful structure. Variation of the dependent variable reduces the effectiveness of least squares regression

This is an interesting study. Best wishes and good luck.

Thank you so much...

Google istock images to obtain publication quality images with copyright. The cost is small, or Google "free images of xxxx" Replacing the xxxxx with what you would like an image of.

Is not a good idea to extract DNA from any sample fixed in formalin. Specially in seawater samples DNA concentration of the targets are very low and if you add the bad quality produced by the formalin> I seriously recommend to get a least a few samples and fix those in sodium acetate/ ethanol as a positive and degradation control of your protocol. Cheers,

did you try what they did?

Dear Mr. Assad,

I am sorry for the late resposnse. Yes. it is an opne channel flow. The problem with me is even after running the simulation for couple of hours, I am not able to get the result. I believe I am making some mistake in setup different boundary conditions. Would you like to suggest something?

Agree with Malcolm Baptie answer. However, I think your main goal is to check if sand properties determine community structure. In this case, a canonical analysis would be more appropriate. I suggest looking at a CCA or even checking the adonis function in the vegan package in R in case you think is reasonalble to treat sand properties as indepedent predictors.

Daar Kerst in,

Not sure about the clay. The extinction pattern does not seem to match. I woud hazard they may be Ca, Fe(III) phosphates. They are not always fluorescent, so you may need to check wit SEM-EDX, micro-XRF or similar techniques.

All the best,

Hans

The species, that on images, more likely is Ptycholaimellus sp.

Best regards. Olga Pavlyuk.

A vertebral endplate indeed, according to http://www.nhm.ac.uk/natureplus/thread/9095 it belongs to a cetacean

I wouldn't expect extreme thermophiles (temp >80C) but moderate thermophiles (temp = 55C) can be isolated even from Antarctic coasts. 

reminds me of the shapes left by feeding flamingos, when they spin around as they sieve sediments. See Fig. 1 in Rodríguez-Pérez, H. y Green, A.J. 2012. Strong seasonal effects of waterbirds on a benthic community in a shallow lake. Freshwater Science 31: 1273–1288.

Dear Chigozie,

One of the most important planners related to Beach and Resort development is Clare A. Gunn from Texas University. As an architect, he researched and promoted lots of papers and projects throughout his life. If you are interested in his work, please visit:

http://rpts.tamu.edu/about/history/publications/the-clare-a-gunn-collection-of-professional-papers/ 

Here you can find all the information about it.

About books, most of the are available on the Internet.

I hope they are helpful for you.

Best regards,

I think these documents would be helpful for you subject:

Dear Iman

In case you need to evaluate total vanadium in your study, using HF, you can take HISS-1 from NRCC. It is a sandy marine sediment that will validate your method for total digestion of "sand" (high silicate). As vanadium is a refractory element the total content is strongly linked with your digestion.

Of course if you only need nitric leachable content then the sigma sand is ok.