Bats - Science topic

Dear, I have a question: why doesn’t this link work when I search for it on Google?

Enhancement of Breast Cancer Classification Using Bat Feature Selection with Recurrent Deep Learning

Why doesn’t this address the paperwork when I search for it on Google? Enhancement of breast cancer classification using bat feature selection with recurrent deep learning.

how can the environment benefit from bat droppings

I need any serious information on erythroblastic islets in bats (chiroptera)

I am trying to conduct a systematic review for my dissertation at university. I am struggling to find the advanced search filter to add my desired words to narrow my results. My terms are: ("bat" OR "UK bats") AND ("UK") AND ("policy" OR "legislation") AND ("impact" OR "population change"). Would I just enter these key terms in the regular search bar or is there a specific section?

Hello,

I am trying to stimulate Brown Adipose Tissue cells by exposing to cold.

Previous research had shown that in-vivo, the optimal temperature exposure (of the whole organism) is 16°C for at least 2 hours. During the exposure the BAT cells start to to regulate energy expenditure through non-shivering thermogenesis.

I am trying to do it in-vitro.

Any ideas on an optimal temperature exposure?

Thanks in advance,

Alina.

I have to perform hnRT-PCR for detection of rabies virus in different samples from bats. I intend to use the well known WHO protocol for pan-lyssaviruses, but I'm not sure about the quality of the RNA extraction. In the WHO protocol they use human beta actin as housekeeping gene for extraction control, but I don't think it will be suitable as the samples are from bats. Can anybody tell me what should I use to check my RNA extraction?

Hi Folks,

The attachments are 5 bat calls, recorded via Anabat detector, from Umluj, Tabuk Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

I analyzed them using Anabat Insight's BatClassify Plugin. On analysis, four of them are classified as Pip (precision >95% in all four cases), which means they belong to the genus Pipistrelle. However, only one out of the five recordings is classified as [NSL (96%) (1); Bbar (62%) (2)]. It is not clear as to which genera out of the Noctule, Serotine or Leisler’s they belong to. The fact that Barbastelle is not reported from this part of the globe makes it even more intriguing. Moreover, the plugin pertains to species from the UK only and therefore, I need to confirm from experts. I shall be grateful if someone working on this aspect of ecology can confirm the genera and, if possible, the species from the files attached.

Thanking in anticipation

Siraj

Hi everyone

I am looking for gape sizes of the following species. I would be grateful if you have data or references that specifically mention these species (I am not tlooking for references to general papers on gape size).

Auriparus flaviceps (Verdin)

Brotogeris versicolorus (White-winged Parakeet)

Onychognathus tristramii (Tristram's grackle)

Psittacara holochlorus (Green Parakeet)

Psittacula krameri (Rose-ringed Parakeet)

Pycnonotus cafer (Red-vented Bulbul)

Pycnonotus jocosus (Red-whiskered Bulbul)

Pycnonotus xanthopygos (White-spectacled Bulbul)

Rousettus aegyptiacus (Egyptian Fruit bat )

Setophaga coronata (Yellow-rumped Warbler)

Sialia currocoides (Mountain Bluebird)

Any help is much appreciated

I want to study the emergence and return of the bats in a cave in relation to the duration of the night and day based on data associated with the moment of the sunset and the sunrise during a day in a place located in northern Madagascar. So, I would like to know the website to visit to obtain free and accurate data for my study.

Many thanks,

Riana

Since the creation of Genetic Algorithms a number of people have created all sorts of optimisation algorithm inspired by nature and a variety of living creatures. Many of these algorithms are classified as swarm intelligence in opposition to genetic or evolutionary algorithms.

Over the years, my impression, is that people have lost the sense of why developing bio-inspired optimisation and rapidly diverged towards developing bio-inspired optimisation for the sake of it.

The insane proliferation of these algorithms has been accompanied by an equal proliferation of journal papers. The impression is that, as long as a new living thing is used as paradigm, one can publish an unbounded quantity of journal papers.

My impression is that, if one looks at the working principles of all these algorithms, the truth of the matter is that all these algorithms are fundamentally the same algorithm with some differences in the implementation details.

We now have: ant colonies, bee colonies, cuckoo birds (!!!?!!!), pigeons algorithms, fish schools, krill heads, bat algorithms, firefly algorithm, invasive weeds (scary), whale optimisation, grey wolf optimisation (wonder if by changing the colour of the wolf I can publish a new bunch of papers), etc. Try to randomly enter names of living things and add optimisation in Google.

Now my question is: does it make any sense? apart from allowing many grad students to graduate with some journal publications?

Or is it really the name that you give to an algorithm that does it?

Given the millions of species, each one with their own behaviour and ecosystem, I expect more algorithms and papers in the years to come but again: does it make any sense?

I mean compiled data, table in an article, etc.

I am trying to use the Marantz model PMD661 to measure bat activity, but have been unsuccessful at attaining any data using the model, despite being able to see the bats present. I was hoping there was a way to adjust the settings so it could pick up on their calls. Does anyone have any experience with this model that could help?

Hi,

does anybody have information that can share about pain recognition in bats?

Citable sources will be especially appreciated.

Thank you

Javier

One of my undergrads created a phylogeny based on few human hCov19 and few from other hosts including bat, panguline, and dog. He found two viral genomes one from an Australian and one from a Singaporean clustered with the one isolated from canine. This seems interesting! Any study to support this finding?

Hi,

I am trying to run a vumat subroutine, but there is some abaqus-fortran linking issue.

I use

abaqus 6146

Micrasoft visual studio 14.0

parallel studio XE 2016

I added these command in my .bat file:

@echo off

call "C:\Program Files (x86)\IntelSWTools\parallel_studio_xe_2016.3.059\compilers_and_libraries_2016\windows\bin\ifortvars.bat" intel64 vs2015

call "C:\Program Files (x86)\IntelSWTools\parallel_studio_xe_2016.3.059\compilers_and_libraries_2016\windows\bin\ipsxe-comp-vars.bat" intel64 vs2015

call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat"

"C:\Program Files\Abaqus\6.14-6\6.14-6\code\bin\abq6146.exe" %*

but I got the error message:

ifort: command line warning #10161: unrecognized source type 'Files\Abaqus\6.14-6\6.14-6\code\include"'; object file assumed

ifort: warning #10145: no action performed for file 'Files\Abaqus\6.14-6\6.14-6\code\include"'

End Compiling Single Precision Abaqus/Explicit User Subroutines

Begin Linking Single Precision Abaqus/Explicit User Subroutines

LINK : fatal error LNK1181: cannot open input file 'oldnames.lib'

Abaqus Error: Problem during linking - Single Precision Abaqus/Explicit User Subroutines.

This error may be due to a mismatch in the Abaqus user subroutine arguments.

These arguments sometimes change from release to release, so user subroutines

used with a previous release of Abaqus may need to be adjusted.

When I checked the system information of abaqus, it showed it is linked with intel fortran compiler 16.0, but when I ran the abaqus vertify, I got the sam error message as above for the subroutine linking.

If you have any idea what could be the problem, please help me, thanks!

Genetic analysis of the COVID-19 virus shows that it is very similar to a coronavirus in bats but the receptor binding looks like the receptor for SARS. This could happen naturally with slow changes of one in ten thousand sequences each year. This appeared all at once. This gives support to the belief that the Wuhan lab took the bat virus and attached the SARS receptor. So, does the COVID-19 show antigenic shift and drift?


Hi everyone. We want to identify viruses in bat samples. The identification is enough for us (we do not need a whole-genome sequence). Most studies use K8N random primers for cDNA synthesis and random PCR amplification. Are K8N primers specific to viruses? I could not find any information about the origin of K8N primers. What would happen if we simply convert them into cDNA and sequence them by using shot-gun?

I work with bat's helminths taxonomy. The ideal is to work on fresh hosts, but some bats species are highly threatened and it's not possible to obtain fresh carcasses or other alternatives. For these cases, I'm thinking about recovering the parasites from bats in biological collections. However the helminths recovering is difficult because of the dehydration and stiffening of the viscera when stored in formaldehyde or alcohol solutions. I've been trying to store some samples in water for some hours or days, but the visceras didn't rehydrate at all. Does anyone have some tips?

We try to isolate viral RNA and DNA from bat oral, rectal, stool samples. We tried Zymo Quick-DNA/RNA MagBead and we got minus concentrations. Then we increased the bead-binding time and decreased the elution volume. Again, we could not get good results. Is there anyone who have used this kit before and can you please give us advice about how to increase our yield? Thanks!

I am not aware of any published key to the ultrasound calls of Western Australian bats. I am trying ton identify recorded calls in the Perth hills.

I am interested in products of less than 1 g in weight, for bats of about 10 grams. Thank you for your recomendations in advance.

(Im aware that telemetric transimtors of such weight exist, yet am currently looking into other options)

Hi

I am using the PSO code to find the minimum cost of energy consumed in a building. I wrote the program of strategy by using the if loop but I have a problem with the result so anyone could help me please by giving me an example of strategy program.

equation of power balancing : P_pv (k)+P_wt (k)-P_bat (k)+P_g (k)-P_load(k)=0

Best regards

Over 24,000 piglets died in farms with swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus #SADS-CoV transmitted from #horseshoebats in China in 2017.

A study published in Nature in 2018 [1] found SADS-related CoVs with 96–98% sequence identity in anal swabs collected from bats in Guangdong province during 2013–2016, predominantly in horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus spp.) - the known reservoirs of SARS-related CoVs.

Interestingly SADS-CoV only killed the piglet but older pigs survived the disease. It is likely that pigs were naturally immune to the family of coronaviruses, perhaps due to environment, historical exposures, etc. The piglets died but infected pigs sold off to the market (apparently they were not ill) and consumed by the public.

Is it possible that SADS-CoV mutated in the pig and transmitted to humans? Is pig the intermediate host between bat and human for the CoViD-19?

The genetic sequence for the SARS-CoV-1, SADS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (the novel coronavirus) is already published - can we compare the genetics and check if there is any evidence to support this hypothesis?

[1] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0010-9

Hi

I am working on the optimisation of the cost in a hybrid system consists of PV,Wind and battery.

I started my pso code but i have a problem with result please could anyone help me and told me if my function program of my power management strategy is right.

the power balance equation:

P_pv (k)+P_wt (k)-P_bat (k)+P_g (k)-P_l (k)=0

you can find attached the documents.

Best regards

I am writing a short note about bats diversity in two sites (the sampling period for one site is of two days and in the other site is of six days) but besides the species and abundances, I also have information about the sexes of individuals. Any recommendations of papers or about what could I do with the sex information of the species?

How many average genetic distance values of mtDNA control region Dloop for indicative conspecific populations or valid species in Chiroptera?. Thank you

Hi all.

One of my students and I are currently trying to assess cave bat vulnerability globally. If you have cave bat distribution data that you would be happy to share (and you will of course be fully acknowledged) it would be great to hear from you.

Thanks and Happy New year!

Hi people,

I am studying bat brains through endocranial casts and I cannot identify which structure could be present in sort of a canal located dorsally to the cribriform plate. It is like olfactory nerves exit the olfactory bulbs through the punctuated cribriform plate, while another thing exit the olfactory bulbs more dorsally, going over the cribriform plate. It's really bizarre because it's like a plate of space starting at the antero-dorsal top of the olfactory bulbs, and depending on the taxa it can variate in thickness (sometimes thinner at the center of the bulbs, sometimes the reverse).

I tried to search in the literature but I didn't find anything satisfying. I eliminated the possibility that these structures may be vomeronasal nerves (they originate at the dorsal top of the accessory olfactory bulb, so rather in the middle of the main olfactory bulb ; see Fig. 6 of for instance) or the terminal nerve (aka cranial nerve 0) that also runs more ventrally (see Fig. 7 of for instance).

Could anyone help me ? Even if you don't work on bats especially, but on other mammalian groups, any idea would be helpful.

Thanks a lot,

Jacob

Tropidacris collaris is a grasshopper. Adults, which can reach more than 15 of length, are strong flyers and actually they resemble small birds or bats. Most of the time T. collaris is found in treetops and tree trunks. No sampling technique has been proposed as far as I know. I am thinking on trying some known sampling technique tha has been applied for other insects or developing a specific one. Any suggestions? Could flight interception traps work (adapted for size)?

It's generally recommended to use a different set of barcode when reusing flow cells due to issues of barcode carry over despite thorough washing of the flow cell when running another batch of samples. Does that limitation still apply when using different sample types?, i.e. say first run, I'll sequence SARS-CoV2 amplicons using barcode set1, then say for the next sequencing run, I'll do a shotgun metagenomic approach for say bat intestine nucleic acid extracts using the same set of barcodes. And if I do that, are there bioinformatics approaches to discriminate the reads carry over from the first sequencing run?

Bat Conservation

Hello, I am a master student doing my master thesis on bats and zoonotic diseases, whereof we used Nobuto blood filter strips for a blood test.

I have found several articles which have used this method, but none who explain how the blood filter strips actually work. How are these paper strips able to preserve the RNA for up to 2 months in room temperature by drying the blood?

Hi, I am working on an Industrial Process "Tennessee Eastman Process" and I need to train Neural Network model for its reactor part using BAT optimisation algorithm in MATLAB/Simulink.

MATLAB neural network app doesn't provide the option of selecting BAT learning algorithm while training the model.

Can anyone guide me or help me in finding the code that can show how to train ANN model using BAT algorithm?

I have attached the relevant paper which uses BAT algorithm to train ANN model.

Hi,

I would like to record and analyze ultrasonic vocalization of rodent (rat and mouse) newborn pups, and I find Wildlife Acoustics Echo Meter Touch 2 bat detector and the Kaleidoscope Lite analyzer software. Do anybody tried this device to record rodent USV?

Thank you in advance!

Hi! I am working on bats. I am eager to mount low cost, light weight, long battery life navigation devices. I will also mount ibutton temperature and humidity sensor along with navigation device. The purpose of attaching navigation and temperature sensor to bat is to 1) measure temperature at the level of bat in the canopy of roost tree. 2). navigation device help recover temperature sensor in case temperature sensor is lost and also help track bats foraging areas. Requirement for temperature sensor and navigation device is 1) light weight (20-40gm) Measure temperature (-20 to+80) Humidity Measurement (95% RH to 100% RH) Extended battery life (>5 Years). I found out these devices Remora 2 (GPS 4G) https://www.digitalmatter.com/Devices/4G-GPS-Tracker-Devices/Remora2 and Ibutton Temperature Senor https://www.embeddeddatasystems.com/DS1923-F5--Hygrochron-Temperature-Humidity-iButton_p_101.html

Please suggest any better option for meeting my research objectives?

It is accepted that bats communicate with bats of the same species, and the frequency of this is indicative of the bat species. But can bats communicate with those from another species?

We are licensed to care for bats in the UK, and those who are in our care and that we are rehabilitating are common pipistrelles, apart from one other, which is a Natterer's bat. He is in a tank by himself but in the same room as the pipistrelles.

He will be aware of the presence of the pipistrelles, who clearly communicate between themselves, but it would be good to know if he could communicate with them to some degree. He will be with us for a bit longer; he still has a wing that is weaker than the other, and could not fly well enough when we tested him to allow him to survive in the wild. And winter (and hibernation) will be coming.

I am doing an ectoparasitic diversity survey of bats in Texas, United States. Any taxonomic keys that might help me morphologically identify specimens is helpful.

It would be very appreciated if anyone can recommend a good identification key for ectoparasites in bats.

I am doing a series of SDMs using MaxEnt for different species of bats, I am using different features and regularization values, in addition, I am using spatial partition and jackknife for cross validation.

I would like to start selecting the models according to their significance, and then continue with other metrics such as the omission rate and AIC in order to select one of the models.

I know that the partial ROC exists but I don't know if it can be done with the partitions that I am using (space partition and jackknife) or it can only be calculated with random non-space partitions.

That is the question

Thanks.

It is excellent news about the COVID-19 vaccination programme and the vaccination trials where both humoral and cellular immune responses to challenge, after vaccination are observed. These positive responses will be required to neutralise the virus before immune escape mechanisms can be triggered from viral mutation and evolution.

Another similar single stranded positive (+ve SS) virus (HCV) has a continuous emergence of resistant strains of virus in HCV, resulting from the quasispecies that evolve, resulting in escape mutations, due to a rapid change in viral proteins. In the case of HCV, the high level of genetic diversity of the virus hampers the vaccination progress, whereas in the case of SARSCoV-2, genetic variation has also been reported where the coronavirus accumulates about two changes per month but most do not affect the behaviour of the virus, however, one SNP causes a change on the spike from aspartic acid to glycine at position 641 of the coronavirus spike and this is thought to make the virus more transmittable or more severe. G641 variant is now more prevalent than the aspartic acid version, globally. This is a genetically distinct variant but closely related to other variants within the same genotype-designated quasi species. These successful members of the quasispecies arise as a result of weak conservation of sequence and high evolutionary selection. Highly changeable quasispecies, generated as a consequence of evolutionary pressure from human immune responses, such as from antibodies, should be taken into consideration when considering candidates for the vaccine trials.

Although we do not have any evidence that immune pressure causes RNA rearrangement or mutation of the COVID-19 genome, as often occurs in other virus species or between other species, however, it is clear that these events did take place zoonotically, resulting in the SARSCoV-2 emergence after jumping between different animal species. The existence of COVID-19 and ability to infect humans is evidence of this rearrangement through the process of zoonosis with bats, pangolin and civet cats. Frequent and rapid rearrangements in other chronic viral infections, such as, HCV often render therapeutics ineffective.

I am concerned that there may be selection pressure on the virus during the vaccination process resulting in escape variants that are even more resilient and transmittable than the current SARSCoV-2. Administering the vaccine to many immunologically naïve individuals could drive many more escape variants, forced to evolve due to immune pressure but I presume that virus genetic mutation will be monitored throughout the trials. (This process slightly reminds me of the RAG gene recombinant rearrangement activation of genes in antibody and T ell receptor differentiation but an unregulated mirror image of the process in the case of the virus, both achieving a ‘’best fit’ of the antigen). Thus, the immune response of entirely healthy individuals, that receives the vaccine, could drive viral mutation inducing unknown viral escape mechanisms that may impair recognition by human immune systems. The similar SS +ve RNA virus of HCV has rapid and frequent viral mutations.

Should scientists also be cautious about viral RNA rearrangement between different viruses and tread carefully as to which individuals are vaccinated, in case they have a chronic RNA virus that could rearrange with COVID-19? We do know that +ve SS RNA viruses mutate, like HIV and HCV and some of these viruses evolve through rearrangement of the RNA.

Could it be possible that the presence of HIV or HCV virus, as indeed many other virus strains, may enable a more dangerous evolution of escape quasi-species to arise? It was reported that the exclusion of HIV patients as vaccine recipients for COVID-19 has been described as discriminatory but perhaps it should be considered as cautionary, based on basic knowledge and understanding about the behaviour of viruses and its engagement with human immune systems. Anything that may possibly influence a high mutation rate, further enabling viral persistence by evading the innate, humoral and cellular immune responses, should be avoided. Scientists have already witnessed lymphopenia in severely affected patients due to the virus attaching to ACE2 on Th1 cytotoxic cells thus affecting the cellular response in severely affected patients. HIV attaches to CD4+ T cells via the CCR5 receptor also causing lymphopenia.

Should these factors be considered or endorsed in the selection of vaccine recipient candidates in this highly uncertain phase of experimentation, with the above considerations included in the exclusion criteria for the participants?

Do any others have any of these concerns, please discuss.

I opened these results in Biovia Discovery Studio, bat I could get there only the length of the bond.

Does anyone know a fast and simple method (apart of using tweezers) to sample ectoparasites (especially bat flies, Nycteribiidae, but also mites and ticks) on small bats (15 g)? We release the bats after sampling.

Dear All,

The bat workers community in Belgium raised some questions on risks associated with bat work and Covid-19. These questions might be relevant to think about for many bat workers. Can you please comment on these or sent some references that deal with this matter?

The questions are:

Is there a risk that the Covid-19 causing CORONA virus will be transmitted from bat workers to local bat species? If yes, what are the potential consequences, towards bats or towards humans by creating a new reservoir?

Should we advise to temporarily stop all capturing of bats and if yes, for how long?

Should we advise to temporarily stop counting of summer roosts an eventually later on counting of hibernacula?

Will such measures have effects on research and monitoring / reporting schemes?

Thank you very much in advance for your time and for sharing your opinion with us,

Kind regards,

Ralf Gyselings

There is growing suspicion to the bats as the source of COVID-19 outbreak. It is also said that bats are the reservoirs of viruses and it may jump to humans at one point of time or the other. There are different cultures of eating bats to conservation across the globe. According to Bat Specialist Tigga Kingston, bats are important for human welfare and ecosystem health. They play critical roles worth billions of dollars as pollinators, seed dispersers and agents of pest suppression.

I am very much concerned about the practice of eating bats, rodents and ungulates as because I belong to an area where such practice is still prevalent. It is difficult to pass on such an message to the community who have age-old culture of eating these animals. At the same time looking at the facts that these animals are reservoirs of viruses I would say such practice should be stopped now. In fact, the boundary between humans and animals is diminishing nowadays due to destruction of habitats and the likelihood of viruses jumping from animals to humans will be remarkably high in the coming days. Inviting your opinions for this pertinent discussion.

I am uploading herewith the link of Down To Earth

Bat expert Tigga Kingston, Co-Chair of the Bat Specialist Group, at the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Species Survival Commission, and professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University at Lubbock

Interview taken by By Rajat Ghai

https://www.downtoearth.org.in/interviews/wildlife-and-biodiversity/covid-19-it-is-easy-to-blame-bats-than-to-look-at-ourselves--70900

Hello everybody!

I thought it would be interesting to start a discussion about bats and climate change. Thus, climate change belongs to the major threats and challenges to global bat conservation through increased temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, more droughts and heat waves as well as stronger and more intense hurricanes.

It would be great if you could use this discussion to share your favorite or new publications on the topic!

Thank you in advance for your interest,

Yann

Recently a colleague raised a question in RG on the latest number of global bats, as a follow-up question to it, is there any existing database or list of the estimated number of bat species per country? I tried to scan the web many times and no luck for a complete list. I know it's challenging to have the exact number as there are taxa that remains unresolved and estimate numbers will do and will be useful in the future updating. Some colleagues have already provided their country database on the former question. I will compile the numbers (separated by families, genera) in single excel sheet and will provide on this thread. Thanks in advance!

Previous discussion https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_would_be_the_latest_reference_for_the_number_of_bat_species_in_the_world

Determining exactly how SARS-CoV-2 transitioned from animals to humans is now a top priority for many researchers. Bats are known to be a reservoir host for SARS-CoV-2, but with no established means of transmission to humans. Pangolins are the most highly trafficked mammal in the world, with Malayan pangolins widely involved in illicit trade across Southeast Asia. The abundance of these animals illegally traded in wet markets across Wuhan (China) could account for the transmission to humans and the rapid initial spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Can Pangolins be the missing link in coronavirus transmission?

Currently GAC,PAC,resins and / or RO has been proved to help in disinfection by prodcuts control by reducing NOM prescursors in drinking water.

For the last 6 years we have been testing a method which apperas to be the BAT for TTHM control.

Using a ceramac membrane (0.1µ) in cross flow mode, we have found the the coagulant agent can be concentrated upto 1,500 ppm.

This enhanced enhanced coagulation scheme allows to reject a more broad range of dissolned organic content from the raw water

consequently less chlorine is used and less TTHM is formed, without he use of GAC,PAC,resins or RO.

Will appreciate your comments ,questions and annalysis in order to determine if this filtration technique has the potentia lto beconme the BAT for TTHM control in drinking water.

The other day I heard two professionals comment on vaccine development in India. One of them said that animals like hamsters, ferrets etc. usually used in Vaccine research are not available in India. This poses a problem to those who wish to do vaccine development.

I wonder if they have considered using bats. Someone has reported finding SARS-Cov-2 in bats in India.

Even if they are not accepted for approved testing of new vaccines, they could be helpful in the process of vaccine development in earlier stages.

As a first step, we could test bats for specific antibodies.

Srinivasan Ramani

The evidence suggests that the Covid19 virus jumped from bats to humans.

I need to compare the biggest Chinese internet payment providers (we call them BAT - Baidu, Alibaba, Tecent) with their American counterparts (Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon). Every suggestion will be helpful where can I find information describing on a regular basis market share in third-party payments, e-commerce of both groups. Some financial data ralated to both groups will be also very helpful. I need to compare both groups in as many aspects as possible.

Within a span of 153 bases (positions 22925 to 23077), there are these six codons for the key amino acids of the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD, within the Spike protein) for COVID-19 (sequence MN908947) for its strong attachment into the ACE2 (Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) of the lungs of humans and of cats. This is only one portion of some 80.23 % of similitude between the virus of bat that provided its backbone and the virus of pangolin (sequence MT084071) that provided the RBD and other sequences, plus another 5.23 % matching other viruses from other pangolins, to give a similitude of 85.46 % match of both viruses. More sequences will be analyzed, because some of them, like one that has only four matches other than itself in the Genbank (running from base 2164 to base 3393)...

Additional sequences to explore are:

1) https://www.researchgate.net/post/COVID-19_CCTCGGCGGGCACGT_PRRAR_AA_Furin_cleavage_site_at_23603-23617_of_the_MN908947_Genbank_Genome_Matches_Mostly_Bacteria_COVID-19_in_BLAST

2) https://www.researchgate.net/post/Second_Sequence_COVID-19_TAAAATTAATTTTA_Restriction_site_AATT_TTAA_for_the_enzymes_Sse9I_Tsp509I_and_TspEI_in_this_ending_palindrome_sequence

3) https://www.researchgate.net/post/Third_Sequence_COVID-19_AATGGTACTAAGAGG_HIV-1_isolate_1966324H9_from_Netherlands_envelope_glycoprotein_env_gene_sequence_ID_GU4555031

4) This one: https://www.researchgate.net/post/Fourth_Sequence_COVID-19_TTG_90_TTT_18_CAATCA_18_AAT_9_TAC_L_F_QS_N_Y_Viral_Pangolin_Insert_with_Receptor_Binding_Domain_RBD_in_a_Virus_of_Bat

5) https://www.researchgate.net/post/Fifth_Sequence_COVID-19_2_variants_ATG-246-TT_CA-111-TAA_TTA_L_L-Type_70_TCA_S_S-Type_30_in_position_28144_of_MN908947_for_ORF8_NifB

6) https://www.researchgate.net/post/Sixth_Sequence_COVID-19_2_variants_ATG_132_GC_TC_1104_TAG_GCC_A_L-Type_70_GTC_V_S-Type_30_position_8782_of_MN908947_for_NSP4

7) https://www.researchgate.net/post/Seventh_Sequence_COVID-19_2_variants_ATG-1836-GA_GT-1977-TAA_GAT_D_L-Type_GGT_G_G-Type_in_position_23403_of_MN908947_Spike

8) https://www.researchgate.net/post/Eight_Sequence_COVID-19_2_variants_ATG-878-CC_TT-1729-TAG_CCT_P_L-Type_CTT_L_G-Type_in_position_14408_of_MN908947_for_NSP12

9) https://www.researchgate.net/post/Ninth_Sequence_Of_Events_WTC_NY_9_11_01_3-D_Reconstruction_of_those_Attacks_Based_on_its_Recorded_Videos_and_Photos_and_the_Best_Integrative_Software

I have attached the screen shot. In the table below It compares sequences between COVID-19, SARS-COV and Bat COV

Mismatch numbers 11 and 9, meaning that COVID-19 compared to the other two sequences has that many number of point mutations in the selected regions? and assays primers & probe are able to distinguish specifically those point mutations and fail to amplify incorrect template? if so why does the number decrease in other assay? those assays primers & probe give false positive?

Am I interfering it rightly.

I want to use the number of gunshots recorded near a bat roosting colony as a measure of poaching pressure on a tropical island environment. The units will be deployed in sets of 4-5 in a line around several locations. Hiden in trees to avoid detection. Ideally, the recorders would turn on at the first gunshot to record the other shots but continuous recording is also a possibility.

I have data from bat colonies from 5 geographic locations. STRUCTURE has identified 4 clusters/populations and a reviewer for the manuscript I have written is requesting that I show Fst values for the populations suggested by STRUCTURE. As you will know STRUCTURE uses many runs and produces many Fst outputs. Does anyone know of an R package or other software, to collate the Fst values from multiple runs and calculate pairwise p-values please?

There are various components that contribute to successful batsmanship. To name a few: psychology, performance optimization, nutrition, biomechanics, strength & conditioning, morphology, fitness, skills training, etc.

From a biomechanics / technical perspective, the batting technique in cricket consists of various elements such as the grip, stance, backlift, downswing, impact with the ball and follow through.

In your view, list three main components that define modern success of a batsman in cricket. What do you think contributes to successful batsmanship?

Hi everyone

I'm trying to run a PERMANOVA to test if there's a significant difference in diet between pregnant/non-pregnant individuals of the Mauritian free-tailed bat. I've got an OTU-table (presence/absence, samples on the x-axis, OTUs on the y-axis) and a table with samples in the first row and pregnancy status (P/NP) in the second row. Both tables are in a tab-separated format.

I'm using the adonis function in the vegan package. I cannot make it work. My command line looks like this:

library(vegan)

otu_zeale <- read.delim("zeale_otu.txt")

pregnancy_zeale <- read.delim("zeale_pregnancy.txt")

adonis(otu_zeale ~ pregnancy_zeale, permutations = 1000)

Then it says "Error in model.frame.default(formula, data, drop.unused.levels = TRUE) :

invalid type (list) for variable 'pregnancy_zeale'"

What am I doing wrong?

Thank you!

Alex

I am conducting hemi-nested One-Step PCR assay on rectal swabs from bats stored in RNAlater. In the first 300 samples, I got clear and beautiful gel. Recently, the gel picture became as the attached image. This was only after running the second PCR . I changed the primers, reagents, diluted the samples, but nothing succeeded.

Please, have any of you experienced such situation? and what I should do?

Dear researchers,

We are working in Colombia with the biological groups: primates and bats. We have been debating about landscape extent area/lenght, and also we have had read many articles about without knowing the exact criteria of researchers in this field.

We intend to measure focal primate species responses in landscape windows differentiated by configuration and composition. So it is very relevant to choose correctly the window size.

I really appreciate literature and fundamented opinions,

Regards!

Johana.

Hello everyone!

There is difference between songbird singing from different regions in the same country, and I guess, differences between songbirds from different countries.

BUT

Is there any difference, for a same bat species, between acoustic signals of two individuals living in separated region? Like, between a Spanish Pipistrellus pipistrellus and a Greek or Danish one?

This question may appears a bit dumb, but I don't find info about it. It may never have been discussed before, or already been discussed and determined, I don't know.

Hope you can enlighten me about this. :)

for its subsequent molecular and morphological identification.

Thank you

Is anyone familiar with the Capillaria life cycle in bats? There are studies in bat endoparasites including Capillaria. However, it did not include the life cycle.

Thank you.

I've conducted a bat survey at one of Tehran's Park in Iran, using Bat Logger. I use the own company software (BatExplorer). But I want to know if there are better softwares with higher accuracy and also what kind of analysis can be done with these softwares?

Wonder why bats seem to be able to fight off Ebola virus without becoming ill themselves. Are EVEs involved in their special immune system?

Is the presence of ectoparasites common in European bats?

I am currently searching for an instrument for my thesis.

Im looking for the Biology Achievement Test.

Using Matlab Simulink Model DC Controller and PID Model , I want to Implement BAT Algorithm First time in my Simulink Model , can anyone suggest the idea how to implement Design BAT Algorithm First time in Simulink Design?

Good day house.

Please I want to screen about 100 DNA samples extracted from bats' blood for Plasmodium and its relatives. For the PCR I need positive control. Is it right for me to extract DNA from a Malaria Parasite positive human blood sample as the positive control?

Thanks

This one does not require a red quale or a bat or any theory of thought. Consider raw, subjective pain (or pleasure). This is fundamentally, irreconcilably different from and unbuildable from information flows or any other cold, neutral concept. That is good news, because it quickly forces us to realize that pain may happen ultimately in tiny bits, but that those bits of pain are elemental in our universe, and 50 percent of consciousness, the affective part, from whence springs our will, comes to us quite directly from these elemental bits. As a large bonus, this then also suggests that our other basic feelings, that are not very negative or positive- the impact portion of perception and cognition that accompanies the information and turns it into a subjective experience- originates from a similar source.

Hi,

I'm currently using Random Forests to classify acoustic data to corresponding bat species, however I was wondering if there is a way to also incorporate unsupervised cluster analysis into my classifier (such as K-Means or Hierarchical modelling)?

Whilst I have training data for ~40% of my target species, there is likely to be a large proportion of my field dataset which corresponds to species that haven't yet been described in the supervised model and therefore I would like for the classifier to be able to assign new clusters/call types to new classes (that hopefully can be matched to a species later).

I have been looking at consensus maximisation algorithms but I'm not sure if this would be the best method.

Any help is greatly appreciated!

(I'm not a computer scientist so please forgive me if this is a very straightforward question)

I am looking for a fractionation protocol for mouse adipose tissue (BAT and WAT)

I am actually using bat embryos, but they should behave similarly to mouse or other mammals. We have tried the staining before, but to no success. We think that the PFA may have created a barrier at the skin which prevents Alcian blue from entering the sample, because the stain works perfectly when it is sectioned.