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Digital banking bridges geographic and economic gaps by enabling access to financial services through mobile and online platforms. In rural Europe, where physical bank branches are declining, digital platforms offer a cost-effective solution. However, digital literacy and internet infrastructure remain barriers. Research should focus on user behavior, technology acceptance models (TAM), and the socioeconomic impact of digital banking tools.
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The roles of Digital Banking in rural Europe is critical to customer satisfactions
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Kindly remove my article attached to that e mail from your database as the journal removed this article from its database based on my request.
Regards
Dr. Salah Oraby
(PDF) Estimating Saudi Banks’ Credit Risk -Adjusted Return on the Economic Capital
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I assume you mean:
Estimating Saudi Banks’ Credit Risk -Adjusted Return on the Economic Capital
I think you requested retraction/withdrawal because the journal “African Journal of Biomedical Research” turned into a dubious one, see for reasons why for example https://psiref.com/periodicals/11279305/african-journal-of-biomedical-research-ajbr
Best regards.
PS. You are the victim of more fraudsters in the publishing business:
The journal “Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences” is in the meantime discontinued in Scopus
And
The journal “Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology” soon will follow, see for arguments why for example here
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The decline in NPL ratios across EU banks (e.g., reaching 1.85% in Q2 2022) has contributed positively to financial stability. This improvement reflects stronger credit risk management, improved macroeconomic conditions, and regulatory initiatives. Lower NPLs enhance banks’ lending capacity and resilience against economic shocks.
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he NPL (Non-Performing Loans) ratio across EU banks has generally declined since 2014, but the total stock of NPLs remains high, with some countries making slower progress than others. While the ratio has fallen by over half since 2014, the EU's economic recovery from the coronavirus crisis could impact asset quality, potentially leading to a deterioration in bank lending capacity.
Here's a more detailed look:
  • Overall Decline: The aggregate NPL ratio for EU banks has shown a sustained improvement, with the European Banking Authority (EBA) reporting a recent decline to 1.88% in Q3 2024, a marginal increase from the previous quarter.
  • Regional Differences: Some member states have seen significant reductions in NPL ratios, while others have made slower progress. For example, the NPL ratio in Portugal has steadily decreased since 2017, reaching 2.32% in Q4 2024 according to Statista.
  • Factors Influencing NPLs: The 2008 financial crisis and the Euro Area crisis exacerbated NPLs, particularly in Southern Europe. Factors like weak governance, poor loan selection, inefficient debt recovery, and the effects of economic downturns also contribute to high NPL ratios.
  • EU Action Plan: The European Commission (EC) has implemented measures through the EU Action Plan to address high NPL ratios. These include bank supervision and regulation, reforms to restructuring and insolvency frameworks, development of secondary markets for distressed assets, and fostering bank restructuring.
  • Case-Specific Solutions: Some member states have benefitted from case-specific solutions for individual banks, leading to the removal of billions of euros in gross NPLs from their balance sheets.
  • Ongoing Deterioration in Some Sectors: While the overall NPL ratio is low, some sectors, like the non-financial corporate sector, have seen increases in NPLs. Additionally, the real estate sector, which accounts for a large share of EU loan portfolios, has seen a marginal increase in NPL ratios in some countries.
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Basel III strengthens capital requirements and introduces liquidity coverage and leverage ratios, enhancing banking system stability. In developing countries, implementation challenges exist due to underdeveloped financial markets and limited data infrastructure. Nonetheless, over time, these reforms incentivize prudent risk-taking and improved governance in the banking sector.
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True: Basel III strengthens capital requirements and introduces liquidity coverage and leverage ratios, enhancing banking system stability.
Supporting Data and Facts:
  1. Capital Requirements: Under Basel III, banks must maintain a minimum common equity tier 1 (CET1) capital ratio of 4.5%, up from 2% under Basel II, which helps absorb losses during financial stress.
  2. Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR): The LCR requires banks to hold sufficient liquid assets to cover potential cash outflows for 30 days, reducing the risk of liquidity crises. As of 2021, the average LCR for globally systemically important banks (G-SIBs) was approximately 147%
  3. Leverage Ratio: Basel III introduces a minimum leverage ratio of 3% to limit excessive borrowing, promoting stability. By 2022, major banks were reporting leverage ratios well above this minimum, indicating improved financial health
  4. Impact on Developing Countries: Many developing nations face challenges in implementing Basel III due to underdeveloped financial markets—only 19 out of 54 African countries had fully adopted Basel III standards by 2021 , Additionally, limited data infrastructure hinders effective compliance.
  5. Prudent Risk-Taking and Governance: Studies show that banks adhering to Basel III requirements demonstrate lower default rates and improved governance practices, resulting in stronger long-term performance and resilience during economic downturns
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Increasing citations isn't just about publishing more, it’s about making your work more visible.
I’d be happy to help you increase your citations. To start, I can offer you a free boost of 2 genuine citations we can talk more when you see my expertise
Do you have a Google Scholar profile?
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The Central Bank of Nigeria - Monetary Policy Committee met on May 21st 2025 and decided on the followings. 1. Retain the MPR at 27.50 per cent.2. Retain the asymmetric corridor around the MPR at +500/-100 basis points. 3. Retain the Cash Reserve Ratio of Deposit Money Banks at 50.00 per cent and Merchant Banks at 16 per cent. 4. Retain the Liquidity Ratio at 30.00 per cent. The implications of the Monetary Policy Committee's decision to hold policy rates steady are multifaceted:
Economic Implications - *Stable Interest Rates*: Retaining the Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) at 27.50% maintains high borrowing costs, which may slow down economic growth but help control inflation. - *Inflation Control*:
The high interest rate aims to reduce inflationary pressures by reducing demand for goods and services. - *Currency Stability*: The decision may help maintain stability in the foreign exchange market, supporting the value of the Nigerian currency. Banking and Financial Sector Implications - *Increased Reserve Requirements*: The Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) of 50.00% for Deposit Money Banks and 16% for Merchant Banks ensures banks have sufficient liquidity to meet depositors' demands, but also limits their lending capacity. - *Liquidity Management*: The Liquidity Ratio of 30.00% ensures banks maintain a minimum level of liquid assets, reducing the risk of liquidity crises. Investment and Growth Implications - *Reduced Borrowing*: High interest rates may discourage borrowing, potentially slowing down investment and economic growth. - *Attracting Foreign Investment*: The stable interest rate and exchange rate policies may attract foreign investors seeking higher returns, supporting economic growth. Overall, the MPC's decision prioritizes price stability and currency management over stimulating economic growth through lower interest rates.
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In my view there can not be a generalization of holding rate constant to all developing emerging economies as the inflation environment and economic growth can be different in different countries even though all of them may be emerging developing economy. For example Nigerian example quoted will be different from Indian experience though both of them are emerging economies
For Nigeria if inflation is still remains high then though interest rates are high they may be held constant. But in India inflation is relatively down and therefore after holding interest rates high for a while now they are reducing the rates .The monetary policy committee has to balance the inflation targeting with economic growth objective in formulating the policy instrument of mostly short term interest rates .
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Does the implementation of Big Data Analytics systems in banks reduce the risk of financial crises or increase their susceptibility to algorithmic errors?
Does the implementation of Big Data Analytics systems in banks and financial institutions reduce the risk of financial crises or increase their susceptibility to algorithmic errors?
Banks and financial institutions are increasingly basing their credit, investment and risk management decisions on big data analysis systems. However, automation and analytical algorithms can introduce new risks, such as system errors, bias in predictive models or lack of transparency in decision-making processes. Research shows that the use of Big Data Analytics in financial institutions reduces the risk of financial crises because it enables better risk analysis and more informed investment decisions. Data analytics in the financial sector brings huge benefits, such as better fraud detection, optimisation of investment portfolios and prediction of economic crises. At the same time, concerns are growing about over-reliance on algorithms and their potential for error, which can lead to systemic crises such as stock market crashes caused by algorithmic trading. Therefore, a key question is whether the development of data analysis technology is actually stabilising the financial sector or introducing new risks that are more difficult to control.
The issue of Industry 4.0/5.0 technology applications, including Big Data Analytics to improve data and information transfer and processing systems, is described in the following articles:
APPLICATION OF DATA BASE SYSTEMS BIG DATA AND BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE SOFTWARE IN INTEGRATED RISK MANAGEMENT IN ORGANISATION
The importance of Big Data Analytics technology in business management
The postpandemic reality and the security of information technologies ICT, Big Data, Industry 4.0, social media portals and the Internet
Growing importance of ICT, Industry 4.0 and Big Data Analytics as key determinants of the development of The Financial Industry 4.0
Business Intelligence analytics based on the processing of large sets of information with the use of sentiment analysis and Big Data
What is your opinion on this matter?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
I invite you to scientific cooperation,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Does the Implementation of Big Data Analytics Systems in Banks Reduce the Risk of Financial Crises, or Does It Rather Generate New Risks?
The financial services sector is undergoing a profound transformation driven by the rapid adoption of Big Data Analytics (BDA). In banking, BDA enables institutions to process and interpret vast volumes of structured and unstructured data in real-time, offering insights into customer behavior, credit risk, fraud detection, and market trends. While the implementation of Big Data Analytics systems promises enhanced risk management and early warning capabilities that could reduce the probability of financial crises, it also introduces new and underexplored risks. The true impact of BDA on systemic financial stability lies in the balance between these enhanced capabilities and the vulnerabilities they may inadvertently create.
Reducing the Risk of Financial Crises: The Promises of Big Data Analytics
1. Improved Risk Detection and Credit Assessment
Big Data allows banks to more accurately assess borrower creditworthiness using alternative data—social media behavior, payment history, geolocation, etc.—beyond traditional credit scores. This leads to better credit allocation, reducing the risk of bad loans and minimizing exposure to default-prone borrowers, which are often triggers in financial downturns.
2. Enhanced Fraud and Anomaly Detection
With machine learning and AI embedded in BDA systems, banks can detect fraud in real time by identifying unusual transaction patterns. By preventing systemic fraud and cyberattacks, which could undermine trust in the financial system, BDA strengthens institutional resilience.
3. Real-Time Monitoring and Early Warning Signals
BDA enables the real-time monitoring of liquidity, market volatility, and operational metrics. This proactive capability gives banks and regulators early warning signals of brewing financial imbalances, enabling timely intervention that can prevent localized risks from escalating into systemic crises.
4. RegTech and Compliance Automation
Big Data is foundational to RegTech (regulatory technology) solutions, allowing banks to automate compliance, track regulatory changes, and conduct stress testing more effectively. Better compliance reduces systemic vulnerabilities that arise from regulatory arbitrage or oversight failures.
Generating New Risks: The Unintended Consequences of Big Data Analytics
1. Overreliance on Complex Algorithms
As banks grow dependent on complex, often opaque algorithms, there is a danger of algorithmic bias, misinterpretation of data, or model errors. If widely adopted, such systemic misjudgments can propagate across institutions, much like flawed mortgage risk models did during the 2008 financial crisis.
2. Data Privacy and Cybersecurity Threats
BDA systems require access to massive volumes of sensitive data. This expands the attack surface for cybercriminals, making banks more vulnerable to data breaches, ransomware, and espionage. A major cyber incident affecting a large institution could trigger a confidence crisis, spreading panic throughout the system.
3. Operational Complexity and Technical Debt
Implementing and maintaining BDA infrastructure is complex and resource-intensive. Integration errors, vendor dependencies, or system failures can pose operational risks. In times of crisis, reliance on these digital infrastructures may delay decision-making or amplify the severity of failures.
4. Regulatory and Ethical Gaps
The rapid development of BDA tools often outpaces regulation. Lack of standardized oversight in algorithm development, data governance, and accountability may lead to regulatory blind spots, enabling institutions to engage in risky behavior or overlook systemic implications.
Balancing Innovation and Prudence
To fully harness BDA while mitigating its risks, banks and regulators must focus on:
  • Transparent model validation: Ensuring algorithms are interpretable, fair, and subject to regular audits.
  • Cybersecurity resilience: Investing in robust security frameworks to protect sensitive data ecosystems.
  • Ethical data use: Enforcing strong data governance policies to respect customer privacy and consent.
  • Regulatory alignment: Updating financial regulation to include data-driven risk controls and supervisory technology (SupTech).
Conclusion
Big Data Analytics in banking presents a double-edged sword. On one hand, it equips financial institutions with tools that can vastly improve risk management, credit assessment, and crisis response. On the other, it introduces new systemic vulnerabilities—technical, ethical, and operational—that, if unmanaged, could themselves become sources of financial instability. Therefore, the extent to which BDA reduces or amplifies the risk of financial crises depends not only on its implementation but also on the governance, regulation, and ethical frameworks that surround its use. The key lies in leveraging innovation responsibly, aligning technology with human judgment and institutional safeguards to ensure long-term financial stability.
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1. Is there any data available on the quantity of bad or doubtful developing country debt owned by multi-lateral development banks and governments which has been written down?
2. Would MDBs be able to accurately estimate the difference in value to them of a loan they might make to a developing country in hard currency vs local currency?
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Great questions—both are central to the viability of climate debt swaps, especially when considering local currency mechanisms.
1. Data on Bad or Doubtful Developing Country Debt Written Down by MDBs and Governments
There isn’t a single consolidated global database that details bad or doubtful debts written down by multilateral development banks (MDBs) and bilateral creditors. However, relevant data can be inferred from:
  • World Bank’s International Debt Statistics and the OECD’s Creditor Reporting System, which report concessional lending and debt forgiveness over time.
  • Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative and Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI) have led to significant write-downs. For example, the IMF and World Bank have reported over $100 billion in debt relief under HIPC/MDRI by 2020.
  • Many MDBs, including the AfDB and IDB, have also undertaken periodic debt restructuring or forgiveness—but often with country-specific documentation.
So, while aggregate figures exist, itemized data on doubtful debts written off by MDBs is fragmented and policy-sensitive, and may not fully reflect climate-specific restructuring yet.
2. Estimating Loan Value Difference: Hard Currency vs. Local Currency
MDBs can estimate the difference in value between hard currency and local currency lending—but it's complex:
  • Hard currency loans (USD, EUR) are generally more predictable in repayment terms but expose borrowers to exchange rate risk, often leading to debt distress in volatile markets.
  • Local currency loans reduce borrower risk but transfer currency and inflation risk to the lender, reducing the loan’s net present value (NPV) from the MDB's perspective.
  • Institutions like the IFC, TCX Fund, and some green finance facilities have developed models for pricing local currency risk using hedging instruments, inflation indexes, and projected FX volatility.
MDBs can and do quantify these value differences, but lending in local currency often requires:
  • Cross-subsidization or guarantees
  • Blended finance structures
  • Willingness to accept lower returns for developmental impact
This makes climate debt swaps tied to local currencies feasible but structurally complex, and dependent on political will, hedging markets, and concessional finance buffers.
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Can you suggest me some papers on debt restructuring via interest rate discount? Specifically, do you know some empirical or theoretical papers showing that banks agree to renegotiate the terms of the debt contract by applying a discount rate on firms in financial distress?
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Yes, there is literature that discusses debt restructuring via interest rate discounts—typically referred to as debt rescheduling, debt modification, or interest rate concessions. This is a common method used in both sovereign debt and corporate debt restructuring, where the debtor negotiates a lower interest rate to make the debt more sustainable.
Here’s an overview of the key academic and policy literature:
Academic Literature
  1. Krugman, P. (1988). "Financing vs. Forgiving a Debt Overhang" Journal of Development Economics Explores how debt relief through lower interest rates can incentivize debtor countries to repay more effectively by reducing the "debt overhang."
  2. Bulow, J., & Rogoff, K. (1989). "Sovereign Debt: Is to Forgive to Forget?" American Economic Review Discusses mechanisms such as interest rate reductions in sovereign debt negotiations and how they affect incentives and future borrowing behavior.
  3. Gennaioli, N., Martin, A., & Rossi, S. (2014). "Sovereign Default, Domestic Banks, and Financial Institutions" Journal of Finance Analyzes how interest rate concessions and restructuring terms affect domestic financial stability.
  4. Tirole, J. (2006). The Theory of Corporate Finance Contains chapters discussing debt renegotiation tools, including interest rate discounts as part of optimal debt restructuring in distressed firms.
Policy and Institutional Reports
  1. IMF (International Monetary Fund) – Various Staff Reports on Sovereign Debt Restructuring Discuss how interest rate reductions are part of "reprofiling" exercises. Example: IMF Staff Discussion Note SDN/13/05, Sovereign Debt Restructuring—Recent Developments and Implications for the Fund's Legal and Policy Framework.
  2. World Bank and IMF (2001). Guidelines for Public Debt Management Recognize interest rate concessions as a practical instrument in voluntary debt exchange and restructuring programs.
  3. OECD (2010). "Debt Restructuring: Recent Experiences and Implications for the Future" Covers case studies involving interest rate discounts, particularly in emerging markets.
Key Concepts to Explore
  • Interest Rate Rescheduling/Discounting: Used to ease immediate cash flow burdens.
  • Net Present Value (NPV) Haircuts: Lowering the interest rate reduces the present value of future payments.
  • Distressed Exchange Offers: Corporate restructurings often use this tool, offering new bonds with lower interest rates.
Suggested Search Terms
If you're looking for more literature, try searching academic databases like JSTOR, SSRN, or Google Scholar using:
  • "Debt restructuring AND interest rate reduction"
  • "Debt relief through interest concessions"
  • "Sovereign debt reprofiling"
  • "Corporate debt restructuring AND coupon reduction"
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Dear friends:
I have identified several topics for collaboration, which can result in possible intellectual property products. Interested people can reach me by email: kaushandi@gmail.com. Please state the collaboration title in the subject line of your email. We can discuss the logistics once you reach out to me with your interest.
Please join my whatsapp group
I will keep adding more topics and open to explore more ideas
1. SOLAR POWERED JUICE CART
2. IOT BASED BLOOD OXYGEN SATURATION METER
3. Apparatus for Testing and Studying the Transport of Contaminant through Soil
4. Portable Torch with air quality tracking
5. IOT BASED SMART ROBOT FOR AIR CONDITIONER DUCT CLEANING
6. IOT BASED AUTONOMOUS STAIR CLIMBING MATERIAL HANDLING ROBOT
7. CONFIDENCE TRACKING DEVICE OF THE EMPLOYEE (MACHINE LEARNING BASED)
8. MILK QUALITY ANALYSING AND PURIFICATION SYSTEM
9. PORTABLE MOUNT STAND FOR SUN TRACKING SOLAR PANEL
10. GAS STOVE WITH PORTABLE STORAGE CABIN
11. Biometric fingerprint reader/Iris/ Face/ Voice Authentication Device
12. Water Distillation /Solar Powered Water Distillation System
13. Walking Stick for Visually Impaired People / Elderly People
14. Wearable Electronic Device for Blinds/ IOT Based Wearable Medical Monitoring Device
15. Obstacle Avoidance Shoe with Motion Sensors
16. IoT Enabled Signal/ Driver/ Temperature/Health Monitoring System
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19. Safety Helmet for Construction Workers
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21. IoT Enabled Audio Player Integrated Printer
22. IoT Based Solar Powered Agriculture Robot
23. Animal Tracking Strap Using RFID and IoT
24. IoT Based Face Mask Detecting and Body Temperature Measuring Device
25. IoT Based Automated Rail Track Inspection Trolley
26. Biosensor Based Biotech Device to Detect Lung Cancer
27. Portable IoT Based Plant Health Monitoring System
28. IOT Enabled Streetlight Controller/ Water Level device
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30. Agriculture Drone for Monitoring and Spraying Pesticides
31. Fire extinguishing equipped life-saving drone
32. Exam Invigilation Drone/ Pollution Identifying Device/Drone/Underwater Drone
33. Portable Solar Vegetables and Fish Dryer
34. Portable Solar Grass Cutting Machine
35. IoT Based/Solar based Irrigation System
36. Microwave Sensor based Soil Analyzer
37. Soil Moisture Indicator/Smoke and Heat Detector Indicator
38. Helmet with Integrated Camera/ Safety Helmet for Construction Workers
39. IoT based Camera for Healthcare Management
40. IoT Weather/ Air/ Environmental/ Antenna Signal Quality Monitoring Device
41. Pen/ A pen for converting text into speech/ Pen With USB Pen Drive and LED Light
42. Portable Touch Free Sanitizer/Water Dispenser
43. Wrist Band/ Belt for School Children’s /Woman/ Elderly People Security
44. Cell Phone Jammer/ Integrated Indoor Jammer
45. Construction Material/Digital Compression Testing Machine
46. IoT Panel for Door Security System
3l47. Multiple Die Manufacturing Unit
48. Wireless Laptop Charger Cum Cooling Pad
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56. Device for detecting diseased leaves in plant by image processing
57. Room Heater/ Water heater/ Solar Water Heater
58. LED Light/ Solar Step Light/ Emergency Light/ Photographic Flashlight/ Lighter for Gas Stove
59. Headphone/ Wireless Headphone
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61. Food/Metal/Stone/ Image/Data Processing Unit
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63. FINANCIAL DATA MANAGING DEVICE IN BANK.
64. Portable Device for Queue Management
65. ATTENDENCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
66. Dissolution Testing Apparatus
67. BIO-TELE MONITORING BELT FOR PREGNANT WOMEN
68. Medical Device for Measuring Bodily Fluid in Neonates
69. Drug dissolution Analyzing apparatus
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73. INFRARED TRACKING LIGHT FOR JOINT AND MUSCLE THERAPY
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79. AI based smart glasses for determining retinal stress
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82. ML based robot for determining Crop Yield
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85. PLANT MONITORING DEVICE USING IOT
86. SMART TROLLEY WITH PRODUCT TRACKING USING IOT
87. ELECTRONIC VAPORIZATION DEVICE
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89. IoT BASED WEATHER FORCASTING DEVICE
90. MICROREACTOR FOR NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIS
91. Artificial Electronic Hand with Electromyographic (EMG) Signals
92.. Machine learning based stress detection device
93. 5G based Remotely control IOT street lamp
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95. BELT FOR SCHOOL CHILDREN SAFETY
96. wireless Medical appliance controlling device
97. ML based robot for determining Crop Yield
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100. PLANT MONITORING DEVICE USING IOT
101. SMART TROLLEY WITH PRODUCT TRACKING USING IOT
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103. AI based collapsible metal detector
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108. MICROREACTOR FOR NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIS
109.Weather and Natural Disasters Prevention and Monitoring Using IOT, AI and ML
110. IoT based Solar Powered Robot for Agriculture
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Hassan Imam Rizvi please check email from to me
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Dear colleagues
one of our manuscripts is accepted for publication in one of the journals.
The first author sent the APC to the journal via bank transfer.
this journal does accept the use of credit card for payment.
this Journal recommends a bank in Europe to transfer the APC.
we paid the fees above 1000 Euro and sent the payments documents from our bank in UAE a few weeks ago.
However, the publishing editor of this journal claims that the journal didn’t receive the money.
what I can do?
please give advice if you have experience
regards
Nabil Eid
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If the journal says they haven’t received the APC for your accepted paper, it’s important to check your payment details and gather all proof, like receipts, transaction IDs, and bank statements. Then, contact the journal’s support team or editorial office and share your proof of payment to ask what’s happening. You should also get in touch with your bank or payment provider to confirm that the payment went through successfully and get any proof they can give you. Sometimes delays or errors happen, so it’s good to ask if there’s a problem on their end. If the issue still isn’t resolved, ask the Journal about other ways to pay. Once you confirm that the second payment is settled, follow up with the journal to make sure they’ve received the money, and ensure the APC is fully paid. Then, keep following up with your claim through messages and documents to help resolve the issue, and check in regularly until the first payment is sorted out.
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Should investment banks become more actively involved in the processes of supporting the green transformation of the economy by significantly scaling up green financing?
In my opinion, investment banks should play a key role in green financing processes, given their strategic importance in capital allocation and their ability to mobilize vast financial resources. The green transformation of the economy, which is necessary to combat climate change and environmental degradation, requires huge financial resources that far exceed the capacity of the public sector. Investment banks, as institutions that manage large investment portfolios and engage in large-scale projects, have a unique ability to support green initiatives by financing renewable energy, sustainable infrastructure and green technology projects. Investment banks have both the potential and the responsibility to become more actively involved in green financing processes. Their activities can play a key role in accelerating the green transformation of the economy, while opening up new investment prospects. However, this requires adequate preparation, an innovative approach to risk management, and close cooperation with the public and private sectors.
I have described the key issues of the green economy transformation issue in the following article:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY
And what is your opinion on this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,
In my assessment, the question "Should investment banks be more involved in green finance processes? Should investment banks be more involved in supporting the green transformation of the economy through a significant increase in green finance?" remains highly relevant and is gaining even greater significance in the context of the dynamically changing climate situation and growing ecological awareness. I believe that continuing the discussion on this issue and undertaking further research is crucial for understanding the role of the financial sector in sustainable development. The relevance of this question stems from the fact that the scale of investments necessary to carry out a global green transformation is enormous and requires the engagement of private capital on an unprecedented scale. Based on my research and observations, I believe that investment banks, possessing significant resources and expertise, are uniquely positioned to catalyze these changes. New research areas that are becoming increasingly important include the analysis of the effectiveness of various green finance instruments offered by investment banks, the study of the impact of regulations and public policies on their involvement, the assessment of the risks and returns of green investments in the long term, as well as the study of the role of innovative financial solutions, such as green bonds and blended finance. The determinants shaping the involvement of investment banks in green finance include regulatory pressure, the expectations of investors and clients, the potential for generating profits from green projects, as well as the internal sustainable development strategies of these institutions. I would like to express my appreciation to all researchers and scientists who have so far contributed to deepening our knowledge in this area. As an active researcher in this field, I am open to any scientific collaboration that could contribute to a better understanding and acceleration of the green transformation of the economy. I encourage further discussion and exchange of views on this crucial issue.
I invite you to discuss this issue and to engage in scientific cooperation,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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ما اثر جودة الحوكمة المصرفية
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The quality of Banking governance will for sure affect the banking lending decisions. Higer the banking governance means stricter norms relating to lending decisions and vise-versa. Better banking governance reduces NPAs and leads to higher profitability.
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How can we calculate the value of the environmental, social and governance criteria in commercial banks?
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Each bank provides it in its annual reports. Also, let you know which criteria are used. There are a few standards to calculate ESG provided by different agencies, which you may easily find on the internet.
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To ensure the financial stability of the economy, is it more effective to introduce stricter regulations for investment banks, commercial banks and other financial institutions, or to create rescue mechanisms financed by the banking sector?
Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,
Financial stability is crucial for the proper functioning of the economy. Financial crises such as the one in 2008 have highlighted the need to strengthen the financial system. The two main approaches are to tighten regulations for commercial banks to prevent excessive risk and to create bailout funds financed by the banks themselves that can be used in crisis situations. For the purposes of this discussion, I have formulated the following research thesis: stricter regulations for commercial banks reduce the likelihood of financial crises, but can limit the availability of credit and hinder economic growth. On the other hand, bailouts financed by the banking sector ensure a quick response in crisis situations, but can lead to moral hazard, where banks take excessive risks, hoping for support in case of problems. Therefore, the analysis should take into account the impact of stricter regulations on financial stability and on the lending activities of banks and their ability to finance the economy. It is also crucial to examine the extent to which regulations affect the level of innovation in the financial sector and the competitiveness of banks in international markets. In the case of rescue mechanisms financed by the banking sector, it is important to analyse their effectiveness in mitigating the effects of possible financial crises and their impact on the risky behaviour of financial institutions. An important aspect is also the assessment of the costs of such mechanisms for the banking sector and the ways in which they are financed (e.g. through bank contributions). In addition, the potential social effects of both approaches should be considered, including the impact on savers, investors and taxpayers. The study should also take into account the experiences of different countries in implementing stricter regulations (e.g. Basel III) and creating rescue funds (e.g. Single Resolution Fund in the EU) in order to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of both strategies.
My articles below are related to the above issue in some aspects:
Comparisons of the monetary policy of the central banks of the Federal Reserve Bank and the European Central Bank and the National Bank of Poland
Analysis of the effects of post-2008 anti-crisis mild monetary policy of the Federal Reserve Bank and the European Central Bank
ACTIVATING INTERVENTIONIST MONETARY POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SECURITY OF THE EUROPEAN FINANCIAL SYSTEM
Synergy of post-2008 Anti-Crisis Policy of the Mild Monetary Policy of the Federal Reserve Bank and the European Central Bank
THE POST-COVID RISE IN INFLATION: COINCIDENCE OR THE RESULT OF MISGUIDED, EXCESSIVELY INTERVENTIONIST AND MONETARIST ECONOMIC POLICIES
What do you think about this topic?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
I invite you to scientific cooperation,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Clearly it is less expensive and more effective to prevent fiscal disasters than to clean up the aftermath. This is true in all man-made debacles. Thus, I completely support strict regulation of the finance community.
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After the global financial crisis of 2008, did investment banking properly and reliably improve its banking procedures and credit risk management systems so that a similar crisis would not happen again?
The global financial crisis of 2007-2009 was the result of a number of factors that started as early as the 1990s and were then compounded at the beginning of the 21st century. Many mistakes were made at the time, both at the level of monetary policy, in terms of over-liberalisation of the functioning of financial markets and banking entities (in the mid-1990s, the separation of the functioning of deposit and loan banking from investment banking was abolished). Allowed to grant mortgages to uncreditworthy citizens. The missing funds for granting bad loans, i.e. loans that in 99 per cent probability would not be repaid on time, were no longer obtained from bank deposits but from derivative securities issued for this purpose, which were sold as subprime bonds to successive investment banks as secure and profitable investment financial instruments. Credit rating agencies gave these credit derivatives the highest AAA ratings, which just before the onset of the global financial crisis was no longer factually correct and was a clear example of a breach of good business ethics. There was also a high level of systemic credit risk arising from the underwriting of many of the thus unreliable mortgages by a small number of commercially operating insurance companies. There has been a lot of unreliability, the application of unethical business practices in credit risk management both at a systemic level and at the level of individual banking entities. The credit risk management process in investment banks at the beginning of the 21st century was not working efficiently and effectively. The banking procedures were not adequately adapted to the current realities of the technological advances taking place and new financial instruments, derivatives being created in a highly liberalised prudential standard of credit risk control. I have researched this issue and described these issues in publications that are posted on my profile on this Research Gate portal. I had researched the issue of improving the credit risk management processes carried out in commercial banks even before the global financial crisis of 2007-2009. Some procedural and normative issues have been corrected but rather not all, which should be corrected so that a similar financial crisis does not occur again in the future.
In view of the above, I address the following research question to the esteemed community of researchers and academics:
In the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis, has investment banking properly and reliably improved its banking procedures and credit risk management systems so that a similar crisis will not occur again?
What is your opinion on this subject?
Please reply,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Analysis of the effects of post-2008 anti-crisis mild monetary policy of the Federal Reserve Bank and the European Central Bank
Synergy of post-2008 Anti-Crisis Policy of the Mild Monetary Policy of the Federal Reserve Bank and the European Central Bank
ACTIVATING INTERVENTIONIST MONETARY POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SECURITY OF THE EUROPEAN FINANCIAL SYSTEM
I invite you to scientific cooperation,
Best wishes,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,
The research question concerning whether investment banking has improved its banking procedures and credit risk management systems after the 2008 global financial crisis is extremely important for the stability of the global financial system. The presented text accurately identifies the causes of the crisis, pointing to deregulation, unethical practices, and inadequate risk management. However, it is worth expanding this discussion to include new research questions, such as the analysis of the effectiveness of post-crisis regulations (e.g., Basel III) in preventing similar events, the study of the impact of new technologies (e.g., artificial intelligence, big data) on risk management systems and decision-making processes in investment banks, the assessment of changes in risk culture and business ethics in the financial sector, the analysis of the role of rating agencies and financial supervision in preventing future crises, as well as the study of potential new sources of systemic risk in connection with financial innovations and changes in global markets. Future research could also focus on modeling crisis scenarios and testing the resilience of financial systems to future shocks. I sincerely thank everyone for their past contributions to this crucial debate. I am open to scientific cooperation in this extremely important area and invite you to continue this significant discussion, which is of fundamental importance for the security and stability of the global economy.
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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USD already lost it's value in Biden's regime due to increase inflation caused by overly hiked interest rates by FED and US Banks.
FED tried to recover USD strength since 2023 November but still is far away from their target of bringing American Inflation below 2% which is still near 2.9%.
Now, Donald Trump introduced Tariffs on all trade partners but so far this policy has impacted USD negatively. Interest rates are already low even FED wants to reduced them further this year. But the issue is that Tariffs have started to increase inflation which can't be rought back just by reducing interest rates.
1. Will USA go out of the way and reduce interest rate to a great extent, 2. will Trump impose taxes on American Public or
3. will tariffs favour USD's strength ultimately?
Three big questions.
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Η Απόφαση Τραμπ για Δασμούς σε συγκεκριμένα Κράτη που εισάγουν Προϊόντα και Υπηρεσίες στην Αμερικανική Αγορά θα δημιουργήσει ένα Κύμα Πληθωρισμού σε πολλές απο τις Αμερικάνικες Πολιτείες . Όπως και να το αναλύσουμε δεν ειναι δυνατόν οι Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής να είναι ο Μεγαλύτερος Παγκόσμιος Δανειστής στο (Αόρατο Χέρι) της Αγοράς (Ανταμ Σμιθ) και το Δολλαριο είναι Νόμισμα της Παγκόσμιας Αγοράς . Μερκαντιλισμός με Παγκόσμιο Νόμισμα δεν συνάδει . Θα ειχε νόημα η απόφαση τραμπ εαν και εφόσον η αγορά της Αμερικής διέθετε ενα Νόμισμα μικρότερης εμβέλειας και δυναμικής .
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JPMorgan Chase | Bank of America, etc., "off-us" transactions generally refer to transactions occurring outside of the bank's own network (like ATMs or POS terminals) and can contribute to revenue through fees or interchange charges.
On-Us vs. Off-Us Transactions:
On-Us: Transactions that occur within a bank's own network, like using your bank's ATM or debit card at a merchant terminal that uses your bank's network.
Off-Us: Transactions that occur outside of a bank's own network, such as using a card at a different bank's ATM or using a card at a merchant terminal that uses a different network.
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Banks are making a cool $7 billion every year just by hitting foreign customers with those annoying $2-3 fees. Good deal for them, right?
Think about it - that's roughly 2.8 billion transactions where someone's getting charged just for using their own money abroad. Whether you're pulling cash from an ATM, converting currency, wiring money, or just buying stuff with your card overseas, they've got their hand in your pocket.
It's especially rough on travelers, expats, international students, and small businesses trying to operate globally. The most frustrating part? These fees hit you the same whether you're transferring $20 or $2,000, which means small transactions get absolutely hammered.
And let's be real - banks aren't exactly telling you about these fees in their marketing. They're buried in the fine print, even though the actual cost of processing these transactions is nowhere near what they charge us.
If you're sick of feeding this cash cow, you've got options. Fintech companies, multi-currency accounts, travel cards, and digital payment services are all stepping up with better deals. The banking giants might be counting on our unwillingness to change, but we don't have to keep playing their game.
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Dear Colleagues,
I am wondering whether it is necessity of conducting Unit root tests, cointegration, stability tests when conducting a research on banking, studying the implications of financial inclusion on banking profitability for a panel of 74 banks from 10 different countries. The methodology used here is a Dynamic Panel Data (SGMM) and not Panel cointegration analysis. With my colleagues, we have used 10 banking variables and we were not looking for the causal relationships among the variables.
Honestly, I have never seen a single High quality paper using a Dynamic panel data conducting the above-mentioned tests. But I need your input regarding this matter.
Many thanks
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Don't forget that technically if N>T then pgmm is used and you don't have to conduct the panel data time series tests...
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For the context of this question see reference Yao, Y., Hu, C. and Barnes, B.B., 2023. Mysterious increases of whiting events in the Bahama Banks. Remote Sensing of Environment, 285, p.113389.
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Xinping Hu
Thank you. I have requested a copy from the authors.
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Do government regulations or market self-regulation mechanisms have a greater impact on the stability of financial markets?
Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,
Financial markets operate in a dynamic and complex environment in which both government regulation and self-regulation mechanisms play a key role. Countries introduce regulations on the functioning of banks, stock exchanges and investment funds, but some theories suggest that over-regulation can undermine the innovation and efficiency of financial markets. On the other hand, self-regulatory mechanisms, e.g. clearing institutions and liquidity rules, can stabilise markets, but without state supervision, there is a risk of abuse and speculation. For the purposes of this discussion, I have formulated the following research thesis: state regulation is crucial for the stability of financial markets, but excessive intervention can lead to a reduction in their effectiveness and innovation. Accordingly, this is a fundamental question of economic policy and financial stability affecting global capital markets. This problem can be analysed in the context of various financial crises, e.g. the 2008 crisis, where the lack of regulation of the derivatives market led to disastrous consequences. At the same time, research on economies with varying degrees of regulation can indicate which combination of state intervention and self-regulatory mechanisms provides the best market stability.
My articles below are related to the above issues in some aspects:
I have described the key aspects of the monetary policy pursued by central banks in recent years in the following article:
Comparisons of the monetary policy of the central banks of the Federal Reserve Bank and the European Central Bank and the National Bank of Poland
I have described the issue of economic globalisation as a significant factor in the systemic transformation of banking in Poland in the following article:
GLOBALIZATIONAL AND NORMATIVE DETERMINANTS OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE BANKING CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT IN POLAND
I described crisis management in a company in the article:
CRISES IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS ENTITIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT
I have described the key issues of anti-crisis state intervention in my article below:
Anti-crisis state intervention and created in media images of global financial crisis
Globalisation and the process of the systemic and normative adaptation of the financial system in Poland to the European Union standards
And what do you think about this?
What is your opinion on this matter?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
I invite you to scientific cooperation,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Yes it has a positive impact on stability of Financial market.
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How do banks strike the ideal balance in the present dynamic financial scenario between profitability and liquidity risk?
What role does corporate governance play in the stability of finances?
I tackle these core questions in my latest research by studying prominent Ghanaian banks to find:
Liquidity risk and its effect on bank performance
The corporate governance function in making the finance decision Strategies for risk mitigation and sustainable profitability
This paper is a must-read for bank executives, policy makers, researchers and finance professionals who are looking for evidence-based information regarding risk management and financial sustainability.
How does liquidity risk shape the future direction of banking? Let's discuss it in the comments.
#Finance #Banking #RiskManagement #CorporateGovernance #LiquidityRisk #FinancialPerformance #GhanaBanking #Research #EmergingMarkets
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Banks today face the challenging task of balancing profitability and liquidity risk, especially in a dynamic financial environment. Here’s how they manage this balance:
Balancing Profitability and Liquidity Risk
Liquidity Management: Banks maintain a certain level of liquid assets to meet short-term obligations. This involves holding cash or cash-equivalents that can be quickly converted to meet withdrawal demands.
Asset-Liability Management (ALM): Through ALM, banks assess the risks associated with their assets and liabilities. They aim to match the maturities of assets and liabilities to minimize liquidity risk while maximizing returns.
Regulatory Compliance: Adhering to regulations like Basel III helps banks maintain adequate capital and liquidity ratios. These regulations require banks to hold a minimum amount of liquid assets, which helps mitigate liquidity risk.
Diversification of Funding Sources: By diversifying their funding sources, banks can reduce reliance on any single source of funding, thus enhancing liquidity and stability.
Risk Assessment Models: Banks use sophisticated models to predict cash flow needs and assess potential liquidity risks, allowing them to make informed decisions that balance profitability with safety.
Role of Corporate Governance in Financial Stability
Corporate governance plays a crucial role in ensuring financial stability by:
Enhancing Accountability: Good governance structures ensure that management is accountable for their decisions, which can lead to more prudent risk management practices.
Promoting Transparency: Transparent reporting and disclosure practices help stakeholders understand the financial health of the institution, fostering trust and stability.
Risk Management Oversight: Effective governance frameworks include risk management committees that oversee the bank's risk exposure, ensuring that risks are identified and managed appropriately.
Stakeholder Engagement: Engaging with stakeholders, including shareholders and regulators, helps banks align their strategies with broader economic goals, contributing to overall financial stability.
Long-term Strategy Focus: Good corporate governance encourages a long-term perspective in decision-making, which can lead to sustainable profitability and reduced volatility.
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Humor in Names and Naming
A great deal of linguistic humor and word play is based on the following categories of Names and -nyms.
ACRONYMS: radar, unesco
ANTONYMS: boy-girl, black-white
APTONYMS: Hunt and Chase (hunters), Payne (dentist)
CACONYMS: Englebert Humperdink, Hubert Humphrey
CRYPTONYMS: 007, 99
EPONYMS: ferris wheel, salk vaccine
EUPHONYMS: Edna St. Vincent Millay
EXONYMS: Chinese Checkers, Gypsies, Mormons, Navajos, Papago, Quakers, Wales
GENERIC EPONYMS: Bud, Guy, Jack (le jacquerie), Jane, John
HETERONYMS: bass, bow, close, dove, house, lead, read, row, sow, tear, wind, wound
HOMOGRAPHS: bank, bank
HOMONYMS: to-too-two, bank-bank
HOMOPHONES: to-too-two
LABELS OF PRIMARY POTENCY: abortion, honkey, red neck
NICKNAMES: Bob, Dick, Tom
ORONYMS: the stuffy nose vs. the stuff he knows, the Pulitzer prize vs. the pullet surprise, iced ink vs. I stink
NOM DE GUERRE: Geronimo
PATRONYMS: Nilsen, MacDonald, Fitzpatrick, Colovitch, Gutierrez, Bin Laden, Ebnascena
PSEUDONYMS: (PEN NAME) : Mark Twain, Lewis Carroll
STRESSONYMS: convert, desert, intimate, invalid, minute, object, Polish, present, produce, record, refuse, sewer, subject
SYNONYMS: big, great
Lemony Snicket Books in 120 Seconds:
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Karl: That's a great question. You may be right. I can't think of any.
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I am in a need of a good and successful example of revitalization of river bank, coast in the smaller or bigger city/town through good urban planning and architecture.
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Thank you Sir for your answer!
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Is it more effective to raise interest rates by the central bank or to cut government spending in order to reduce inflation?
When faced with rising inflation, policymakers can choose between two main strategies: tightening monetary policy (by raising interest rates) or tightening fiscal policy (by reducing public spending). Each of these methods has its advantages and limitations, and their effectiveness depends on macroeconomic conditions.
Both methods have significant macroeconomic consequences. Raising interest rates can limit inflation by reducing demand for credit and curbing consumer spending and investment. However, it can also slow down economic growth, increase the cost of servicing the public debt and lead to recession. In turn, the reduction of public spending may lead to a drop in demand and a decrease in inflationary pressure, but at the same time it threatens to weaken economic growth and worsen the situation on the labour market. The ultimate effectiveness of each method depends on the structure of the economy and factors such as the level of debt, the degree of openness to international trade and the inflation expectations of consumers and businesses.
I have written about the sources of the high inflation that has occurred since 2021 in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic in the following article based on my research:
THE POST-COVID RISE IN INFLATION: COINCIDENCE OR THE RESULT OF MISGUIDED, EXCESSIVELY INTERVENTIONIST AND MONETARIST ECONOMIC POLICIES
I have described the key aspects of the monetary policy pursued by central banks in recent years in the following article:
Comparisons of the monetary policy of the central banks of the Federal Reserve Bank and the European Central Bank and the National Bank of Poland
And what is your opinion on this topic?
What do you think about it?
Please reply,
I invite everyone to the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
I invite you to scientific cooperation,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Yes both higher interest rates and reduction of government expenditures are contractionary.However if with reduction of government expenditures the taxes of government and the borrowing by the government also come down then the public will increase consumption and the contractionary effect of reducing government expenditures will be neutralized .As faras the increasing interest rates effect is concerned it will have a generally pervasive general contractionary effect.First the increase cost of borrowing will reduce investment.Then the balance sheet of companies will be adversely affected and it will reduce investment.Also increased interest rates will reduce the discounted future cash flows and it will reduce wealth and the consumption of the people will be reduced because of negative effects of wealth effect on future cash flows . However as modern monetarist point out the income from some financial securities will increase and it may encourage to increase consumption.Howrver the general effect of higher interest rates will be contractionary .
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Cyber security
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Banks develop and implement incident response plans (IRPs) through a structured approach that incorporates preparation, detection, response, recovery, and continuous improvement to mitigate cyber threats and operational disruptions effectively. These plans are tailored to the unique needs of financial institutions, focusing on protecting sensitive customer data, maintaining regulatory compliance, and ensuring the continuity of critical banking services.
The process begins with preparation, where banks identify potential threats, vulnerabilities, and risks specific to their operations. This includes conducting risk assessments and categorizing assets based on their criticality. Banks often adopt frameworks such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework to structure their IRPs. They establish incident response teams (IRTs) composed of IT, legal, compliance, and communications personnel trained to address various scenarios, such as phishing attacks, ransomware, or insider threats. For example, JP Morgan Chase invests heavily in training and equipping their cybersecurity teams to handle emerging threats effectively.
Detection and analysis are crucial in identifying incidents early. Banks deploy sophisticated monitoring tools such as Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems to detect anomalies or potential breaches in real time. For instance, Citibank uses advanced analytics and AI-driven tools to analyze patterns and quickly identify malicious activities, such as unauthorized access or data exfiltration.
During the response phase, the IRT executes predefined protocols to contain and mitigate the incident. This may include isolating affected systems, notifying stakeholders, and engaging external forensic experts if necessary. A notable example is the response of the Bank of Bangladesh after a cyber heist involving SWIFT systems; despite the breach, swift containment measures prevented the full extent of the intended theft.
Recovery focuses on restoring affected systems and services to full functionality. Banks prioritize secure and validated backups to ensure data integrity during restoration. Wells Fargo, for example, conducts regular backup tests to ensure rapid recovery in case of incidents, such as ransomware attacks.
Finally, banks emphasize post-incident review and improvement. They analyze the incident to identify weaknesses in their response, refine their IRPs, and implement lessons learned. For example, after the Capital One breach in 2019, the bank not only enhanced its monitoring systems but also introduced stricter access controls and improved its employee training programs to prevent future incidents. i hope i helped.
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Inadequate funding
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Credit Risk
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When banks are merged, some employees will inevitably lose their organizational positions and this causes a severe reduction in the motivation of employees. It is necessary for the organization to design the organizational structure in a way that utilizes the greater capacity of the employees in good way.
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Thank you very much for the answers.
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Artificial intelligence is reshaping business—though not at the blistering pace many assume. True, AI is now guiding decisions on everything from crop harvests to bank loans, and once pie-in-the-sky prospects such as totally automated customer service are on the horizon. The technologies that enable AI, like development platforms and vast processing power and data storage, are advancing rapidly and becoming increasingly affordable. The time seems ripe for companies to capitalize on AI. Indeed, we estimate that AI will add $13 trillion to the global economy over the next decade.
Yet, despite the promise of AI, many organizations’ efforts with it are falling short. We’ve surveyed thousands of executives about how their companies use and organize for AI and advanced analytics, and our data shows that only 8% of firms engage in core practices that support widespread adoption. Most firms have run only ad hoc pilots or are applying AI in just a single business process.
Why the slow prog­ress? At the highest level, it’s a reflection of a failure to rewire the organization. In our surveys and our work with hundreds of clients, we’ve seen that AI initiatives face formidable cultural and organizational barriers. But we’ve also seen that leaders who at the outset take steps to break down those barriers can effectively capture AI’s opportunities.
source: Building the AI-Powered Organization Technology isn’t the biggest challenge. Culture is. by Tim Fountaine, Brian McCarthy and Tamim SalehFrom the Magazine (July–August 2019) https://hbr.org/2019/07/building-the-ai-powered-organization
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Building a Center of Excellence (CoE) for Research, Innovation & Development of Applied AI involves several strategic steps. Here's a comprehensive approach:
1. Define Vision and Goals
  • Align with Strategic Objectives: Ensure the CoE's vision aligns with the institution's broader strategic goals.
  • Set Clear Objectives: Establish specific, measurable objectives for research, innovation, and development.
2. Assemble a Diverse Team
  • Leadership: Appoint a director or leader to coordinate the CoE's activities.
  • Experts: Include AI experts, data scientists, engineers, and domain specialists.
  • Support Roles: Enlist support from IT, HR, legal, compliance, cybersecurity, and training teams.
3. Create a Charter
  • Purpose and Scope: Clearly define the purpose, scope, and goals of the CoE.
  • Governance: Establish governance structures and processes for decision-making and oversight.
4. Develop Infrastructure
  • Technology and Tools: Invest in state-of-the-art AI tools, platforms, and infrastructure.
  • Data Management: Create a robust data architecture to support AI initiatives.
5. Foster Collaboration
  • Internal Collaboration: Encourage collaboration between different departments and teams within the institution.
  • External Partnerships: Form partnerships with industry, academia, and other research institutions.
6. Implement Best Practices
  • Standardization: Develop and implement standardized processes and best practices for AI projects.
  • Ethics and Compliance: Ensure adherence to ethical standards and regulatory compliance.
7. Monitor and Evaluate
  • Metrics and KPIs: Establish metrics and key performance indicators (KPIs) to monitor progress and success.
  • Continuous Improvement: Regularly review and update strategies based on feedback and outcomes.
8. Knowledge Sharing
  • Workshops and Seminars: Organize workshops, seminars, and training sessions to share knowledge and best practices.
  • Publish Findings: Encourage the publication of research findings and success stories.
By following these steps, academic and business institutions can build a successful Center of Excellence for Research, Innovation & Development of Applied AI, fostering innovation and driving impactful AI initiatives.
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Dear Colleagues,
On behalf of the Organizing Committee, I am delighted to invite you to submit a paper for presentation at the Amsterdam Sustainable Banking and Finance Mini-Conference, scheduled to take place in Amsterdam on 18 and 19 March 2025.
This event, organized by the Centre for Economic Transformation in collaboration with Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, and Avans University of Applied Sciences, offers a dynamic platform to discuss the evolving role of sustainable banks and finance in transforming the EU toward a sustainable economy.
Call for Papers
We welcome submissions of abstracts and original working papers for presentation in our academic sessions. Key topics include:
  • Purpose-driven governance in sustainable banking: balancing ethics with market demands.
  • The role of financial regulation in scaling sustainable banks.
  • Challenges for banks financing new circular business models.
  • The influence of large corporations on the growth of small sustainable banks.
  • Leveraging fintech to support SMEs in achieving sustainability goals.
  • ESG implementation and sustainable banking's role in aiding SMEs' transition to a circular economy.
Important Deadlines
  • Registration & Abstract Submission Deadline: 24 January 2025
  • Final Working Paper Submission Deadline: 2 March 2025
  • Acceptance Notification: Before 7 March 2025
All accepted papers will be included in the conference proceedings, and selected works may be invited for submission to the Journal of Sustainable Finance and Investment for further publication.
We would be honored to include your insights and expertise in this conference. Please check the attachment for further details and submission guidelines.
We look forward to your participation and to welcoming you to Amsterdam this March!
Warm regards,
The Organizing Committee:
Marleen Janssen Groesbeek
Maaike Lycklama à Nijeholt
Zara Nori
Frank Jan de Graaf
Gert de Jong
José Ruiz del Portal Tranche
Jalal Mrabti
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Interested
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I want to do the following topic for my PhD thesis:
"Presenting a retention marketing strategy with a customer reputation approach using data mining"
Given that the research method is qualitative, I request you to answer one of the following questions in one sentence.
Is it important to you that the bank has a system for engaging with lapsed customers?
Is it important to you that the bank tries to have a two-way interaction with customers?
Is it important to you that the bank tries to build long-term relationships with customers?
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The answer to all three questions is positive.
The second and third questions are related. Which foregrounds the perspective of direct marketing... Since it is very important that the customer trusts the bank, this is also true in the case of the bank.
The questions and the answers given can also be examined from a cause-and-effect perspective.
Regards,
Laszlo
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There are different types of appraisal mechanism in the banking industry in Bangladesh. All the techniques have some merits and demerits. However, financial industry require evaluation of employees considering both qualitative and quantitative factors. In depth, these factors doesn’t provide continuous evaluation result for which the decision makers has to wait for feedback. A central and continuous appraisal mechanism can aid the decision makers to undertake prompt and better decision in a unbiased manner.
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Regardless of the industry or locality, the latest research highlights that performance management processes emphasizing relationship-building and trust through frequent, meaningful communication are the most effective.
Based on these findings, we developed a framework of recurring 1:1s and quarterly performance check-ins, which has proven successful in driving engagement, productivity, and employee satisfaction.
Key Elements:
  • Quarterly Performance Check-ins: Shifting from annual to quarterly discussions ensures more timely and actionable performance insights.
  • Clarity of Expectations: Employees gain a clear understanding of their roles and their manager’s expectations.
  • Frequent Feedback: Regular 1:1s enable timely coaching and provide acknowledgment for accomplishments.
  • Support for Development: Managers proactively identify individual needs and create opportunities for growth.
Results:
  • Quantitative: Increased engagement and productivity, reduced absenteeism, and decreased attrition.
  • Qualitative: Employees report overwhelming satisfaction with their managers, citing clear expectations, frequent feedback, and consistent development support.
This relationship-focused approach not only motivates employees but also delivers measurable improvements. The quarterly performance check-in has proven particularly impactful, outperforming traditional annual reviews. Incorporating regular informal 1:1s (weekly, biweekly, or monthly) further strengthens relationship-building and ensures ongoing alignment and support.
Hope this helps!
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I am working on the effects of credit risk management on profitability of Indian private banks. I want to find the data on PCR for the regression model.
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You may use any banking information database e.g. The Banker, Bankscope. If you don't have access to these databases then may find on the annual financial statements of these banks which may be available with banks, banking regulators, and certain libraries.
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ANY SCHOLAR WITH A SIMILAR WORK OR HAVE INTEREST IN THE ABOVE TOPIC?
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Dear Christopher Ragan Martey,
Based on my research, I conclude that central bank monetary policy, through changes in interest rates, has a significant impact on commercial banks' lending activity, modifying the availability and cost of credit. In the case of a lenient policy, lower interest rates encourage borrowing, increasing banks' lending activity, as was observed, for example, in the US after the 2008 financial crisis. Tightening policy, as seen in Poland in 2022, raises the cost of credit and reduces its availability, affecting the quality of the loan portfolio and increasing the risk of default. Monetary transmission theory and the credit cycle explain how changes in central bank policy spill over to the economy through the banking sector. Rising interest rates prompt banks to tighten credit criteria to reduce risk, but this affects loan repayment and the level of non-performing assets in loan portfolios. Well-known researchers, such as Frederic S. Mishkin, point to channels of monetary transmission and analyze the role of interest rates in shaping credit risk, which emphasizes the importance of proper synchronization of monetary policy actions with economic realities.
I have also described many of these above-mentioned aspects in my publications posted on my profile of this Research Gate portal.
I am researching these issues. I have published the results of my research in several publications, including the following chapters in a monograph:
Analysis of the effects of post-2008 anti-crisis mild monetary policy of the Federal Reserve Bank and the European Central Bank
Synergy of post-2008 Anti-Crisis Policy of the Mild Monetary Policy of the Federal Reserve Bank and the European Central Bank
ACTIVATING INTERVENTIONIST MONETARY POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SECURITY OF THE EUROPEAN FINANCIAL SYSTEM
I described the key issues of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the economy and financial markets in my article below:
IMPACT OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC (COVID-19) ON FINANCIAL MARKETS AND THE ECONOMY
The key issues of the problematic sources of Poland's exceptionally deep 2022 energy crisis are described in my co-authored article below:
POLAND'S 2022 ENERGY CRISIS AS A RESULT OF THE WAR IN UKRAINE AND YEARS OF NEGLECT TO CARRY OUT A GREEN TRANSFORMATION OF THE ENERGY SECTOR
I described the key issues of anti-crisis state interventionism in my article below:
Anti-crisis state intervention and created in media images of global financial crisis
I invite you to join me in scientific cooperation on this issue,
Kind regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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While allocation of portfolio for the purpose of long term investment - we would have one type of assets that are getting an compounding on the interest this asset gains annually, and we would have assets into which we would be also adding portions that will enhance the compounding power to a larger extent.
An example of the former would be Fixed Deposits in Banks, whereas for the latter it would be SIPs that are regularly invested into a Mutual funds.
Even if considering the risk adjusted returns, would not the compounding power of an investment vehicle into which we are able to contribute monthly or annually beat any kind of investment vehicle that doesn't have this facility?
Hence, won't Gold ETFs or Mutual Funds beat the SGBs in an eight years tenure, even if the markets are bullish or bearish?
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I think nobody is really sure which one among the strategies is a clear winner
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I say this to y'all. Now that you seen and have read this "Greenhouse Effect as the Now global Enemy of humanity!
We Must ‘Fight this NOW!
This Enemy is now killing you man, killing your family, robbing you of your home, car water and required foods for your life. Join with TPEOM" What more is your response focus?
With TPEOM >http://www.tgmncsb.com/join_TPEOM.html or continue ignorantly with your 'business as usual and thus die as a baked Homosapien genome starting your death as of 2047 to be carbonized 'charcoal at or by 2048! Is this your choice to allow all of what is you as 'your' lineage to be broiled corpses of 2047 ~ 2048?
What is your choice? Life or premature death!?
>I very personally chose Life! <! > With you or without you’< However, if it is to be with the y'alls then you as head of them ‘alls you make your way for them by this path of life: http://www.tgmncsb.com/join_TPEOM.html
The absolute solution for the above depiction situation is;
EMC ~ MEC, Physics10.pdf
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.32545.99685
📷
EMC ~ MEC, Physics As the full exacting modality of saving this planet by 1-01-2033 is by starting immediately as funding is made available to make the first step into it. This world houses 197 countries & 38 principalities as all of them. As of Jan 2024 all the new media agencies (global) are news casting of the rising methane levels into the atmosphere and including Co2 and more nitrogen and more carbon monoxide. These items tagged as 'Greenhouse' gases block the Earth from reradiating the suns solar radiation energy as thermal heat (IR). The more of that thermal that remains within the Earth’s atmosphere the more the environmental consequences of severance of inhospitality happens, making planet Earth no so much a life a sustaining planet or a place to live or be when year 2048 arrives. Now globally some biodiversity that breathes of this atmosphere are being sick, incapacitated or dead. so then the exacting purpose, focus of this project is o turn us planet earth back into a life sustaining planet as of date of 01-01-2033 , and to do that TPEOM Prof. Dr. Mike K. Yoshida needs an immediate tool of $85,000,000.00 or $110,000,000 banked into Mike K. Yoshida's bank A/C of ICBC Bank of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia so then Dr. Yoshida goes into the Vancouver TRIUMF particle accelerator / Cyclotron to make way of our having those needed environmental 'tools' that will make that 'difference' into a good life supporting, giving planet as said here and within this EMC ~ MEC, the Physics of TPEOM Page. What will you do about this? Help make way or sit on your hands thinking of some ‘other’ to make the way for this. Live by making this the way to do that 'living' or go pass away as of year 2048?
With this now being with you will you make this your way to save & continue your lifestyle as you've made it to be for you?
Yes
no
What i your choice?
My choice is yes!
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LETS ALL AS A FOCUSED DETERMINED TEAM MAKE THIS OUR WAY TO KEEP OUR LIVES AS WE NEED THEM TO BE WITH NO INTERRUPTIONS, NO DISTRACTIONS.
WITH GOOD PROGRESS FOR US ALL INCLUSIVE OF OUR HOME WORLD 'PLANET EARTHS LIFE'!
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Supposedly the m/z and abundance of a user spectra is being available with us. How to figure out the exact compound by searching in mass bank with the available information ?
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Determining the exact phyto-constituents in a plant extract using LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) involves several key steps:
1. Sample Preparation
  • Extraction: Use an appropriate solvent (e.g., methanol, ethanol, water) to extract the desired phyto-constituents from the plant material.
  • Filtration/Centrifugation: Remove particulate matter to avoid clogging the LC column.
  • Concentration (if necessary): Concentrate the extract under reduced pressure or use a rotary evaporator.
2. LC-MS Setup
  • Column Selection: Choose a suitable chromatographic column based on the polarity and molecular weight of the phyto-constituents.
  • Mobile Phase: Optimize the mobile phase (e.g., a combination of water and acetonitrile or methanol) to achieve good separation.
  • Flow Rate: Set an appropriate flow rate, typically between 0.2 and 1.0 mL/min.
3. Mass Spectrometry Parameters
  • Ionization Mode: Select either ESI (Electrospray Ionization) or APCI (Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization) depending on the nature of the compounds.
  • Mass Range: Set the mass range appropriate for the expected molecular weights of the phyto-constituents.
4. Method Development
  • Gradient Elution: Develop a gradient elution method to improve separation of compounds with different polarities.
  • Injection Volume: Optimize the injection volume to avoid overload of the column.
5. Data Acquisition
  • Run the Sample: Inject the prepared sample into the LC-MS system and collect data.
  • Monitor Multiple Ion Detection (MID): Use multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) for targeted analysis or full-scan for untargeted analysis.
6. Data Analysis
  • Identify Compounds: Use software to analyze the LC-MS data, identifying peaks based on retention time and mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios.
  • Database Comparison: Compare the identified m/z values with databases (like METLIN, ChemSpider) to confirm identities.
  • Quantification: If necessary, use calibration curves of known standards for quantification.
7. Validation
  • Reproducibility: Run replicate samples to ensure consistent results.
  • Matrix Effects: Consider any potential matrix effects that might influence the quantification.
8. Interpretation
  • Report Findings: Summarize the identified phyto-constituents, including their concentrations and any relevant biological activities.
Additional Considerations
  • Quality Control: Include quality control samples and blanks to ensure data integrity.
  • Complex Samples: For complex extracts, additional techniques like fractionation or complementary methods (e.g., NMR, UV-Vis) may be employed for better characterization.
By carefully optimizing each of these steps, you can accurately determine the phyto-constituents present in your plant extract.
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Hello everyone,
I am currently working on a thesis that examines the relationship between ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) factors and bank performance. I have found that The Banker Database would be an ideal resource for the data I need, as it contains comprehensive bank-level information for thousands of banks worldwide.
Unfortunately, I do not have access to this database through my institution. I was wondering if anyone here might have access to The Banker Database and would be willing to assist me or point me in the right direction on how to obtain this data - or any similar database for that matter.
Any help or guidance would be greatly appreciated. Thank you in advance!
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Let me know if you find the same. I also need it.
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SMEs are backbone of the country's white economy, most of them are II generation entrepreneurs and migrated from family owned business policies, and having sufficient higher educations for innovation in the existing business platform. There is scope for radical rethink and re-engineering their family owned business processes. MSMEs are holding 50% of employment of the Nation like India, unfortunately/fortunately they are in white market and there is no mechanism to distinguish the black markets.
White economy have interested in research, innovations and inventions, whereas the black economy gives birth to social evils, unemployment and antinational activities. Black money generation and money laundering is real threat to the security of the Nation. Time has come to investigate on theory of black banks of the Nation, Beware of Black Banks (3B) as it is growing exponentially with population of the Nation.
Startup projects should be intergraded with innovation and intellectual properties right and skill development programs.
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Excellent answer to the point dear Mr. Ronron Ancero. MSMEs is an innocent business community across the world, most of them are first generation and poor awareness on black market.
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I need publications on Equity multiplier
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For publications on the equity multiplier and bank performance, you can refer to journals like *Journal of Banking & Finance* or *Financial Analysts Journal*. Key papers can be found by searching databases like Google Scholar or JSTOR using terms such as "equity multiplier" and "bank performance."
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Integrating Financial Management with Intelligent Technologies: Financial Services Industry (banks) Case Study
· How do intelligent technologies influence financial management practices in the banking sector?
· What are the benefits and challenges associated with integrating intelligent technologies in financial management within banks (answering machines, chatbots,…..)?
· How do different types of banks (online, traditional, hybrid) adapt to and benefit from intelligent technologies?
What are the preferences of customers regarding traditional vs. smart technology banking services?
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Intelligent technologies are significantly transforming financial management practices in the banking sector by
1.Robotic process automation
2.AI and machine learning
3.fraud detection and risk management
4.Blockchain Technology
You can refer to articles and website,I have provided the link below
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Hello everyone,
I have been trying to understand the concept of performing docking for repurposing studies. I've watched a couple of tutorial videos about docking with Pyrx, but at some points, I got confused and I wanted to ask if anybody can help me with that. Probably, the answers to my questions are somewhere on the internet, but I haven't found them yet.
1) Firstly, I am not sure how to find appropriate protein files on the Protein Data Bank (PDB). When I search for a specific protein on the PDB, there are numerous files available, and I don't know which one is suitable for my study. Some proteins have been used in previous studies and they share the same ID number, but what about the other proteins? In tutorials, most of them start with looking for file names, such as 2CNK on the Protein Data Bank.
2) Secondly, my question is about the preparation of the protein for docking. Let's say I have chosen a PDB file to work on, but how am I going to prepare it properly for docking? In some tutorials, people first prepare the protein using other programs like Chimera or AutoDock, and then take the modified PDB to Pyrx. However, in some cases, they directly load their protein on PyRx and modify them there. I'm confused about which approach is more accurate.
3)Thirdly, how to find the active site of the protein or should I use center of mass of the protein as a center of grid box.
4) This question also related with the second one, I read that make macromolecule function in PyRx is remove water, add H and charges. if this is true, making dockprep on Chimera and then loading prepared protein on pyrx then making again macromolecule is wrong thing to do?
Thank you for your answers...
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Hi. Those are very very critical questions we need to answer before doing any correct molecular docking.
First, I suggest you read the paper from Prof. Shoichet et al "A practical guide to large-scale docking". Most of your questions answered by that paper. But, I will answer your question in general.
1. Most docking studies use ligand-bounded (holo) form structures, with good resolution (hopefully <2 angstrom). Also now you can see whether the structure has better parameter value in pdb entry. (those blue-red bars in wwpdb section of RSCB pdb).
2. Preparation of protein structure is simply categorized into two steps:
  • Deleting unnecessary structures. Whether it is solvents molecules, especially far-ranged solvents; unrelated chains; salts; and some of the docking program need you to remove the ligand itself (for example AutoDock in PyRx), while some doesn't need to and just ignore the ligand (for example MOE suites)
  • Improving the information to be as close as possible to when the binding occur: This including adding hydrogen atoms (because in crystallized structures, hydrogens simply didn't resolved; fixing protonation and charges informations; for flexible docking you need to determine the residues. etc. I used both Chimera and PyRx before, and while both gave us sound result of the processed structure, I recommended you use PyRx for structure preparation too. As more software included, may add more problem / fault probability.
3. You can use the bound ligand position from the holo-form of the crystallized structure. If you don't have holo form, you might need to do some probing, using blind docking or binding-site searching (for example using many available ML or DL protocol). You should never use the center of protein mass as your binding site as it might not have any meaning at all.
4. Not wrong, just a verbose act. I highly recommend you to use only one software to optimize the structures, as it will provide more robust approach.
I hope you find success in your study.
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Climate Finance
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Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) assess and allocate climate finance projects through a comprehensive process that includes:
1. Eligibility and Alignment: Projects must align with MDBs’ climate strategies and the goals of international climate agreements, such as the Paris Agreement.
2. Project Identification: Potential projects are identified based on country needs, climate impact, and development priorities.
3. Climate Impact Assessment: Projects undergo rigorous climate impact assessments to evaluate potential benefits for mitigation (reducing greenhouse gas emissions) or adaptation (enhancing resilience to climate change).
4. Due Diligence and Feasibility: Detailed feasibility studies and due diligence processes assess the technical, financial, and social aspects of the project.
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My friend who is a Credit Review Officer is working on a research project. The outcome need to be published hence facing difficulties.
Bank of Bhutan is not allowed in institution details. Any suggestions
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Hello Dr Anoop Mohanty
I do not think is a problem unless Bank of Bhutan specifically has it in the rules you cannot do this.
If it is more that you are worried about ORCID, an alternative is to be listed as an "independent researcher".
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The impact of monetary policy and bank rate on the performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria
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To conduct monetary policy, some monetary variables which the Central Bank controls are adjusted-a monetary aggregate, an interest rate or the exchange rate-in order to affect the goals which it does not control. Monetary policy affects aggregate demand and the level of economic activity by increasing or decreasing the availability of credit, which can be seen through decreasing or increasing interest rates. Monetary variable are the variables which are estimated based on the existing price such as nominal interest rate, nominal investment, government expenditure, and so on. In any case, Ewansiha OSARETIN Emmanuel , money does not behave neutral, with respect to the economy.
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Wanna know the conditions initially
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The liquidity situation of Bangladeshi banks in 2024 is under significant stress. Many banks are heavily reliant on the central bank for short-term liquidity support due to slow deposit growth, high non-performing loans, and a foreign exchange market crisis. Recent policy rate hikes to control inflation have further strained liquidity, with the call money rate rising sharply, reflecting heightened interbank borrowing needs. This scenario indicates substantial liquidity challenges across the banking sector, requiring ongoing efforts to stabilize and ensure financial stability​
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I will be using peptide sequences ranging from 9mers to 15mers.
1- Which standard/database should be used or recommended: Protein Data Bank, non-redundant protein sequence database (nr), or another?
2- Should I include Organism in the standard? Homo sapiens (Taxid ID: 9606).
I am testing the platform based on doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104996, which does not describe or reference how this step was done. Following methodologies described in other works and comparing them with this, the analyses do not match. Additionally, the authors have not responded regarding how this step was carried out.
Thank you!
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Dear Ali Abedi Madiseh, I've understood your remarks and I appreciate them.
The author employs NCBI pBlast to prevent/eliminate autopeptides with homology above 70%. I've tried all possibilities, using the peptides mentioned in the paper as a "control." Some fall below the 70% threshold, but the vast majority exceed it. My doubt is whether I'm doing something wrong or if I'm having trouble interpreting the Blast results.
Unless the author didn't include the organism (Homo sapiens), but that would encompass several other peptides they've excluded from the study.
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I have trtriedy some sites like World Development Indicators, IMF, African Developmennt Banks/ Group. Data needed are: Interest rate (Nominal or other wise), financial development data, Finanacial stability, e and son for West African?
I find some in WDI (2023) but i have unbalanced data. Thank you .
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Here are some resources to find data on West Africa's financial sector:
  • International Monetary Fund (IMF): The IMF IMF Data publishes a wide range of data on economies worldwide, including West African countries. You can search for data on interest rates, exchange rates, financial development, and financial stability.
  • World Bank: The World Bank World Bank Open Data offers data on various topics related to development, including financial development indicators for some West African countries.
  • Central Banks of West African Countries: Central banks of individual West African countries often publish data on interest rates, exchange rates, and financial stability on their websites. Search for the central bank of the specific country you're interested in.
Note: "E and son" data isn't a standard term in financial economics. It's possible you meant something else. If you can clarify what data you're looking for under "e and son" I can help you find relevant resources.
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Good day to everyone !
Any one of you can help me in accessing bank level data from Thomson Reuters? Unfortunately, I do not have access to Thomson Reuters and would greatly appreciate your assistance in navigating the process of accessing data through this platform.
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Why not look at free bank data from FDIC, Fed... in US. Others elsewhere???
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I'm looking for public databases for green finance indicators, which provide information on sustainable investments, carbon emissions, sustainable development initiatives, and other indicators related to green finance. These are used by green banks, businesses, and governments to assess and track progress in the field of sustainable finance.
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Here are a few examples:
1. Bloomberg NEF (BNEF): BNEF provides data and analysis on various aspects of sustainable energy and finance, including green bonds, renewable energy investments, and clean energy funds. They offer a range of subscription plans and have a comprehensive database on renewable energy projects and financial transactions.
2. Climate Bonds Initiative: The Climate Bonds Initiative maintains a database that tracks global green bond issuance. They provide information on the types of projects funded by green bonds, such as renewable energy, energy efficiency, and sustainable transportation. Their database is freely accessible on their website.
3. CDP (formerly Carbon Disclosure Project): CDP is a global platform that collects and discloses environmental data from companies, cities, states, and regions. They manage a comprehensive database of climate-related information, including financial metrics and performance indicators related to climate change mitigation and adaptation.
4. United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI): UNEP FI is a partnership between the United Nations and the financial sector. They provide a range of resources and initiatives aimed at promoting sustainable finance. While they may not have a specific public database for green finance indicators, they publish reports and guidelines related to sustainable finance practices.
5. Global Sustainable Investment Alliance (GSIA): GSIA is an international network of organizations that promote sustainable investment practices. While they don't maintain a public database, they publish an annual report that provides insights into the size and growth of the global sustainable investment market.
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If i want to find out impact on bank performance due to merger , which model is good for that?
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Yes, the CAMEL model is widely used for bank performance evaluation and can provide valuable insights into a bank's financial health. The CAMEL acronym stands for Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management, Earnings, and Liquidity. Each of these factors is assessed to evaluate the overall performance and risk profile of a bank.
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I want to make questionnaire relating to my research project report in MBA on the topic of NPA in selected private sector bank. I selected HDFC bank for studying specifically. So I want to ask for whose i make questionnaire and how what kinds of questions included in the questionnaire.
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your questions should be based on the keywords of topic and objective of the study
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C-level executives and high-ranking managers are prime targets for phishing attacks using malicious QR codes, termed "quishing."
In the fourth quarter of 2023, C-suite members were 42 times more likely to receive QR Phishing attacks compared to non-executive employees.
Let’s learn how QR phishing campaign works:
Also read: The Potential Risks of “QR Code Phishing” a.k.a “Quishing”Attackers create malicious QR codes that impersonate legitimate websites like bank login pages or popular online stores.
These malicious QR codes are then strategically placed in various locations, both physical (posters, packaging) and digital (emails, social media ads).
Leveraging social engineering tactics, the attackers employ messages that either exploit urgent needs like password rest or offer exclusive rewards to manipulate users into scanning the code.
When the user tries to access it, it takes them to an attacker-controlled malicious website.
The malicious website prompts users to enter their login credentials, personal details, or financial information.
Sometimes, right after scanning the code, the website would download malware straight onto the user's device.
Read our research article on the above attack mitigation:
360159651_Secured_Secret_Sharing_of_QR_Codes_Based_on_Nonnegative_Matrix_Factorization_and_Regularized_Super_Resolution_Convolutional_Neural_Network
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QR codes are great and easy ways of accessing information. It is simple, however, they present fertile grounds for attacks as many users do not see what site they are accessing. It is important that users access QR codes with caution and developers ought to protect any form of attacks through QR codes
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Opening Islamic banking by conventional banks fact.
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With respect to ethical principles, conventional banking and Islamic banking are not a good match.
Source of the synopsis:
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I am a master student at Erasmus university and writing my thesis about branding in the banking sector. I am desperately looking for participants for my interviews, a lot of companies are too busy and not willing to help. the interview can take place via teams or zoom, and would just take around 15 minutes.
I will ask some questions about what companies (from your perspective as employee) find more important in a bank, the transactional relationship and that the service is good, or a deep connection and bank that values the company and tries to inspire.
I am willing to share more about the subject, all help is appreciated!
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I was an ex-investment banker at ABN AMRO long back. if I qualify your search, please get in touch..
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A hazard is anything that could cause harm. And, A hazard refers to anything with the potential to cause harm, damage, or adverse effects to people, property, the environment, or any other entity.
Hazards can be physical (e.g., fire, electricity), chemical (e.g., toxic substances), biological (e.g., pathogens), ergonomic (e.g., repetitive motion), or psychosocial (e.g., stress).
Risk, is part of everyone's life. For example, there is a risk of injury due to traffic accidents when we go out onto the street. Also, when we put money in a bank, there is a risk of not being able to retrieve it if the bank goes bankrupt.
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A Hazard is the inherent potentiel for harm or danger, while risk is the measure of probability and potentiel of consequences of that Hazard leading to adverse outcomes. Hazards existe regardless of whether there is exposure to them, whereas risk considers the likelihood and impact of exposure to hazard
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The impact of Capital Adequacy on strategic foreign partnerships in the banking sector of Libya is significant. Capital Adequacy refers to the amount of capital that banks are required to hold to ensure their financial stability and ability to absorb potential losses. In the context of strategic foreign partnerships, capital adequacy requirements can influence the decision-making process for both domestic and foreign banks looking to form partnerships in Libya. we witnessed in the past 20 years that there were a couple of successful and failed partnerships such as a story of Aman- Banco Esprito Santo banks.
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Boost both local and foreign investor confidence in the banking system of libya.
Reduce systemic risks and promote economic growth through currency appreciation, foreighn direct investment and reduces run-on-a-bank efffect if capital adequacy regulations are adhered.
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Legal guarantees and illegal guarantees.
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A bank guarantee is a financial backstop offered by a financial institution promising to cover a financial obligation if one party in a transaction fails to hold up their end of a contract.
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An enterprise is considering investing in a building project costing GHS 150,000. The following cash flows are expected from the project. The beta of the project is 1.15 and the market return is 18%. The risk-free rate is 12%.
Year GHS
0 (150,000)
1 50,000
2 55,000
3 90,000
4 105,000
a) What is the expected return/cost of equity on this project?
b) Mabel Enterprise is a levered entity with a percentage of debt to equity ratio of 4:6. If the interest rate on a bank loan is 20% and the cost of equity is computed in (a), what will be the NPV of the investment?
c) What is the IRR for the project?
d) What will be your overall advice concerning the viability of the project?
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Ok ...
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Hi friends
I need to find CAMELS bank ratios for the Mena region. The source is from 2015–2022.
many thanks
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Search online: you Can also conduct an online search using terms like "Camel bank ratios in the Middle East and North African" to find reliable reports and sources that provide this information.
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Collected data of ten years for recovery(%) of four channels of recovery for recovery from NPAs of banks. Want to know if I can use ANOVA to test my hypotheses relating to recovery(%) of any two channels or all four channels.
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Yes, of course. you can use ANOVA
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These species were collected in Portoviejo estuary banks and I'm confusing in what genus the are. I appreciate if someone can help me to identify
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Hola que tal, el primero definitivamente no es Petruca es Leptuca, el segundo tampoco es Petruca, creo que también puede ser Leptuca, pero falta ver otros detalles por que es un ejemplar interesante, saludos desde Guayaquil.
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Hello everyone,
I am working on a research on "Strategies for Fraud detection in Loan Application Process in Indian banks" For which I need any relevant research paper previously done. Please let me know if anyone have any idea on this topic and if you can share that work with me. Thank you
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There is a website @Finshot you can find the relatable opinions
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Bank digitalization can help reduce finance constraints of medium and small enterprises, while does Bank digitalization make sense for enterprise investment? How?
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Bank digitalization can greatly benefit enterprises, particularly SMEs, by providing easier access to finance, improving operational efficiency, and offering a range of digital tools for financial management. Investing in digital banking solutions can position enterprises for growth in an increasingly interconnected and technology-driven business environment.
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Hello,
My 6 year old granddaughter found these along the bank of a lake Tawakoni in Texas (Cretaceous). Does anyone know what they are?
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It's not a fossil, I'm afraid, but a very interesting type of mineral growth called cone-in-cone structures. They can be made from a variety of crystal types, but often calcite, growing within a single layer in densely-packed concentric conical structures. How these form, exactly, I'll let someone else answer... it's fascinating to look into the possible interpretations, but an answer is beyond my pay grade!
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Digital transformation seems to be more than just the digitization of data and processes, or digitization in combination with robotisation. It leads to a special kind of socio-economic change. With digital transformation the events gain its momentum and affect functioning of organisations and many aspects of lives of individuals, with consequences as follows:
• the emergence of the almost ubiquitous Internet of Things – subjectivity and objectivity become complex,
• the unreal world becomes a new reality,
• use of smartphones – the need for continuous communication (Fear of Missing Out)
• virtual assistants,
• threats to our private lives through the unauthorized use of security cameras and surveillance equipment
The bank must be safe but fast, cheap, tailored to the customer‘s needs and smart. Today, it is difficult to talk about customer loyalty or sentiment. Today‘sclient is mobile, he comes and goes, does not stay in the bank through sentiment or habit, and because the bank accompanies him in all phases of his life as a consumer and as an economic entity.
I advise you to please take a read of the below chapter and I would be very happy to know your thoughts.
Is it the end of banking as we know it? Will AI be the future of banking? Will banks be soon digitized mechanism and advisors AI?
based on my earlier research:
(PDF) Role of digitization for German savings banks. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344808656_Role_of_digitization_for_German_savings_banks [accessed Nov 28 2023].
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Based on the document provided at the link, we cannot conclude that it is the end of banking as we know it. However, the document does highlight that digital transformation is bringing major changes to the banking sector. Some of the key points regarding digital transformation of banking mentioned in the document:
1) Digitization is a major force shaping transformations in society, organizations, enterprises, and the economy. It is also transforming the banking sector.
2) Key components driving digital transformation include the Internet of Things, big data analytics, artificial intelligence, and blockchain technology. These are creating a new digital ecosystem.
3) Digital transformation is leading to new business models that utilize online platforms. Traditional branch-based banking is becoming less attractive compared to anytime-anywhere banking that provides convenience and transparency.
4) Banks need to focus on understanding customer needs, improving customer experience through digitization, being open to innovations, and having organizational flexibility to adapt to the digital age. This includes introducing new digital products and services, redesigning processes, and embracing omnichannel approaches.
5) While there are opportunities, there are also risks related to data security, fraud, operational continuity etc. that banks need to manage.
In summary, digital transformation of banking is leading to fundamental changes in banking business models, operations, and customer engagement approaches. It is not the end of banking, but banks need to digitally transform to remain relevant and competitive. The ones that fail to transform may struggle to survive.
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Hello everyone, may I ask who has used the paid remote delivery service for academic dissertations from university libraries in the United States? If so, will you transfer the funds to the other party's corporate account after receiving the necessary documents? I recently contacted the University of Hawaii Library to obtain a graduation thesis. After receiving the literature, the other party sent me an email stating that payment was required. The email only provided the account name but did not include the name of the remitting bank. I called the other party to request detailed account information, but they sent me the original email again. I went to the bank to inquire, but it was not resolved. May I ask if there is any solution?
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In UK, if I transfer money to another UK person I do not need bank name, only Sort Code and Account Number.. Withthat information our system 'knows'. Try asking chatgopt that is AI system, and it is free. Good luck
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i need help with type of literature and objectives, this topic was necessitated by a recent bank run on first community bank in kenya.
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Objectives can only be derived from the problem statement.
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How has challengers of traditional banks make payments easier and better
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hope that you're doing well.
Implement the sinking fund method and require a minimum advance payment for at least two months. For startups, you might consider offering a grace period of three to six months to allow them to generate income
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Please help me or locate where i can get data set for ROA(Return on Asset) which is the dependent variable , FinTech examples(Independent variables) like mobile banking & digital banking, trading in cryptocurrency, mobile payment apps & Wallet of the Bank of America corporation (BAC) from 2010-2022.
My general objective is to investigate impacts of FinTech on banking performance.I Will need dataset to come out with multiple linear regression model of one dependent variable(ROA) and three Independent variables (FinTech examples). Furthermore , the researcher will come out with trend of banking performance from 2010 to 2022
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This paper cites multiple datasets:
I know what you did on Venmo: Discovering privacy leaks in mobile social payments
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whether the development of international industrial corporations and large international banks and investment funds operating internationally will be the main factor of economic globalization in the 21st century?
What other determinants will shape the processes of economic globalization in the 21st century?
Please, answer, comments.
I invite you to the discussion.
I have described these issues in recently published publications:
I invite you to discussion and scientific cooperation
Best wishes
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Your point of political relationships over geography Holm Arno Leonhardt makes sense. However, this possible (emerging) ideological trend (e.g. autocratic vs. market principle) will impede even economic regionalization as many bordering countries are 'governed' by conclicting political ideologies or power groups.
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Dear researchers,
We all agree that during financial crises, bank may diversify their income channels to encounter potential risks. My concern is whether diversification is the only choice for banks to survive during such economically sensitive periods?
Many thanks with love.
Roman!
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In my opinion, Diversification is not the only strategy, there are many others.
Bain and Company, mentioned five other strategies that Banks can use during financial crises to include: Accelerating strategic scenario planning, Liquidity Management, Capital Discipline, Optimizing efficiency, and Weaving a convincing story.
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Hallo,
the paper by Levine and Zervos 1998
"Stock Markets, Banks, and Economic Growth"
American Economic Review, freely available through JSTOR.
in the Data Appendix they write that the dataset is available and provide a World Bank's web address, which is not working.
Does anybody have the dataset to share?
Thanks a lot.
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Thanks. I wanted their dataset to make my students replicate their paper.
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What are the impacts that the smuggling of currency has on the banks?
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Currency smuggling can have significant impacts on banks and financial institutions, leading to various economic, legal, and social consequences. For instance,
1. Disruption of Financial Systems:
2. Increased Money Laundering Risks:
3. Impact on Exchange Rates:
4. Loss of Tax Revenue:
5. Reputation Damage:
6. Increased Regulatory Scrutiny:
7. Legal Consequences:
To mitigate these risks, banks often invest in sophisticated anti-money laundering (AML) and know-your-customer (KYC) systems. These systems help in detecting and preventing suspicious transactions, ensuring compliance with regulations, and safeguarding the integrity of the financial system.
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I am currently on the preliminary stages of my PhD thesis research and I am planning to extend my research on Banking Industry Sustainable Growth rate under risk, by analyzing South East European Countries Banking Industry. However, to further extend my topic I need data from Bank Focus but my Institution is not subscribed in this database.
Does anyone know how to acquire access to Bank Focus? Does anyone know of an alternative database we can look into?
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Depending upon the specific data parameters you seek, you may be able to access it free-of-charge from the banks themselves through their annual reports and accounts on their websites, or 10Ks on the SEC website.
This would have an added benefit that you would be accessing data from its audited source, rather than via a database, which improves the quality of your research.
When I consulted a number of databases for my own doctoral thesis appended below, I found all of the major databases contained a variety of errors.
So I had no choice but to go back to the source data rather than rely on the flawed error-prone databases.
That step in itself could be an interesting contribution to the originality of your research write-up.
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From software such as Datastream or Fitch Connect, how can we determine the total current assets and liabilities in bank annual reports?
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The annual amount of total current assets and liabilities are provided in the DataStream. You may download in the Ms. Excell with a very simple query.
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We want to compare the financial performance of a small finance bank ( converted from NBFC). For some year as NBFC with for some year as small finance bank. Then what test should we apply?
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When a bank is converted from an NBFC (Non-Banking Financial Company) to a Small Finance Bank, you should apply a comparative analysis of its financial performance using key financial ratios and metrics before and after the conversion. This will help assess the impact of the conversion on the bank's financial health and stability.
In simple terms, to evaluate how well the bank is doing before and after the conversion, you need to look at its financial numbers like profits, assets, liabilities, and other relevant financial indicators for both periods.
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I conduct my PhD on subject "Improving the system of investment efficiency's assessment in commercial banks", therefore there is a need for adequate researches.
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Hello, Dr. Kelly. Thanks a lot for really good material, but I could not download it, my security system did not permit it.
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Is it possible to run Sharpe s Index, Value at Risk ( historical model or minte carlo model) and Monte carlo simulation simultaneously on the same data set to get a detailed understanding on the same data set of 5 year performance of individual banks vs Bank nifty Index towards understanding the performance?
Literature support is there for individual studies, but is it feasible to look at the same in a combined manner?
Can you let me know your suggestions on this?
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Hi! Alan. Yes, but with caution, because combining multiple finance models in a single research project is doable and helpful if the research objectives, data compatibility, and model assumptions are carefully considered. However, epistemological issues must be addressed.
1. Need to ensure each model's data is compatible and integrates well. Different models have different data needs, and if the data is not directly comparable or matched, the findings may be inaccurate or biased.
2. No model is developed without assumptions. The models' assumptions' compatibility must be thoroughly assessed. Conflicting outcomes or interpretations may result from mismatched assumptions.
3. Combining models can produce complex outcomes that are hard to understand and express. To gain relevant insights techniques and results must be clearly explained.
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The following information concerns the preparation of your assignment for the Financial Econometrics module. The aim is to write an academic paper (informative and formal) by analysing the data provided using the statistics knowledge acquired so far in the module.
For this assignment/exam, your aim is to explore the following research question:
“What determines profitability of European banks?”
1) You are expected to write the research work on your own.
2) You have to use the data set for European banks (“eurozone.xls”) available on the school’s portal. The data relates to various characteristics of the individual banks.
3) You are free to use any of the variables provided as long as your analysis is meaningful and tackles the research question. Please note that you should use the statistics you believe more appropriate for best describing the data set.
4) Please do not include raw data at the end of the paper since this would only waste paper.
However, you should select data from the original data set to prepare your assignment.
Assignment Structure
There are different formats which could be used for this assignment but you may consider the following structure below for your work:
• Abstract
• Table of Contents
• Aims and Objectives
• Review of relevant literature and theory.
• Methodology and Data (including the definition of variables)
• Results and Discussion
• Conclusions and recommendations
• References
• Appendices (additional relevant material)
Further instructions
Your submission should include an appendix of the printouts of your Stata do-file (if applicable) and your Stata output. Your written report should contain all relevant estimation and hypothesis test results (as if you were writing for a journal article). Marks will be awarded for presentation, and you are encouraged to devise informative means for presenting the results, including tables where appropriate.
You may collaborate in working out how to run the estimations on Stata. However, you are required to write up your report independently, and I will require a separate and independent submission from each person.
Please come and ask if you are experiencing difficulties.
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WELL, thank you for the vital contribution, however i would appreciate if the actual work is done since every information is provided.
Thank you very much once again Sir.
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Many banks in developing countries struggled very hard to implement Basel 2. We are now in Basel 3 and already going to Basel 4. Both from the perspective of the regulator and operators, I hear groanings everywhere. Are you able to provide some guidance and clarity as to how LDCs can navigate this curve?
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Thank you Devendra Malapati for your useful contribution to the subject. Highly appreciated especially the link to liquidity and interest rate risk.
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I will be so grateful if I hear answers from you.
I wonder how could these institutions affect bank stability and through What? Where is the link?
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International financial institutions work with host countries, including developing countries, to develop standards that are geared towards stability of the financial system. These standards are not laws and it is left for each country to determine how best to apply the recommendations. A key factor in maintaining bank stability revolves around capital adequacy and liquidity standards and these international institutions have several prescriptions for countries to adopt. The final outcome depends on the circumstances and 'openess' of each country.
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As many of you are aware, corporate loans and facilities are much larger than retail loans with more restrictions and customizations.
How do you think they impact a bank's liquid assets?
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Corporate loans are major perpetual income sources to banks to earn the incomes. Recently, government have applied merging strategy to curb the impact of bad aasets and support to creat huge fund.Based on the external economic conditions the interest rate on loans will fluctuate. When interest rate on loans are low it will affect the investment size and banks will get income in the form of interest.Sound liquidity of the banks have been influencing by certain and uncertain economic factors. As per your questions it may suggest that liquidity of the banks will increase when borrowers will repay their loans promptly otherwise it will leads to get liquidity risk. Generally, Since inception of the banks banks have been facing the liquidity risk and interest rate risk. When the risk is higher returns also be higher some times not all the times.
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Set at both ends of the node, the inflow and outflow of money are respectively Mg and Mx , the node has money stock is Mc("Node" refers to the banks, consumers and companies through which money "flows")
Mx=Mg+Mc
The formula means that the money that flows out of the node is equal to the currency that the node originally has and the currency that flows in. For example, if someone had $800 and received a $200 tip, then he had $1,000, and then he bought an iPhone for $1,000.
Mx>Mg+Mc
This situation means that the amount of money out from the node is greater than the sum of the original amount of money and the subsequent income of the node. In this case, for example, when the bank borrows too much money and the borrower cannot keep up with the repayment. This condition  is equivalent to a human blood loss.
Mx<Mg+Mc
This means that the amount of money flowing out of the node is less than the sum of the original amount of money and income of the node. In most cases, this inequality formula is safe to protect the economy from a financial crisis. But money can also cause problems if it does not flow , this can cause deflation because of insufficient spending power. If this case is of production and consumption, this situation can be compared to the blockage of human  blood flow.
These three cases of the flow of node currency can be compared to human health, blood loss      and vascular blockage. Obviously, blood loss is unhealthy, and the financial crisis is the "blood loss" of the banking system, and the "blockage" is that the rich people's money is not consumed.
The cause of the financial crisis is that the flow of money is blocked or cut off like "water". When the equation above is equal, the flow of money is smooth, the other two scenarios could lead to a       financial crisis, in severe cases.
The mistake the Bank of America made in 2008 was not to timely check the income of people      who borrowed money to buy a house, that is, not watching the speed of their currency flows, this has caused the banks' money supply and demand to lose their balance.
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So the banks also need to investigate the relationship between the income and the house price of the people who haven't bought a house, to see if they can afford to buy a house, which determines whether the real estate market will collapse.
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When banks merge, some employees become demotivated due to the loss of their job positions. In order to continue banking services, it is necessary to create motivation to maintain the morale of employees. What is your solution for aligning reward goals with organizational goals?
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Implementing rewards for all employees who participated in the banking merge process can be an effective way to motivate and recognize their efforts towards achieving organizational goals. Here's a step-by-step approach to implementing such rewards: -
1) Set Clear and Specific Goals: Define the organizational goals that were achieved through the banking merge process. Ensure these goals are measurable, realistic, and aligned with the overall vision and mission of the organization.
2) Identify Performance Metrics: Determine the key performance metrics that demonstrate successful participation in the banking merge process. These metrics could include factors like efficiency, customer satisfaction, cost savings, market share growth, or any other relevant indicators.
3) Establish Reward Criteria: Based on the identified performance metrics, establish clear criteria for rewarding employees. For example, you could set thresholds or targets for each metric, and employees who meet or exceed these targets would be eligible for rewards.
4) Design a Reward System: Create a comprehensive reward system that includes a mix of financial and non-financial incentives. Financial rewards could include bonuses, profit-sharing, stock options, or salary increases. Non-financial rewards may include recognition, certificates of achievement, public acknowledgment, career development opportunities, or additional vacation time.
5) Communicate the Rewards Program: Clearly communicate the details of the rewards program to all employees who participated in the banking merge process. Explain the criteria for eligibility, the types of rewards available, and the timeline for rewards distribution. Transparency and clarity are crucial to ensure everyone understands how they can earn rewards.
6) Evaluate Performance and Determine Rewards: Assess the performance of each employee based on the established criteria and metrics. Ensure the evaluation process is fair, objective, and well-documented. Identify the employees who have met or exceeded the targets and are eligible for rewards.
7) Distribute Rewards: Once the evaluation is complete, distribute the rewards to the eligible employees. Depending on the nature of the rewards, you may organize a ceremony, an event, or a simple announcement to publicly recognize and present the rewards.
8) Provide Feedback: Offer constructive feedback to employees who did not meet the criteria for rewards, highlighting areas for improvement. This feedback should focus on helping them understand how they can enhance their performance and contribute to future organizational goals.
9) Review and Improve: Regularly review the rewards program to assess its effectiveness and make improvements as needed. Gather feedback from employees to understand their perspectives and suggestions for enhancing the rewards system.
Remember, the key is to create a rewards program that aligns with the organization's culture, values, and long-term goals. By recognizing and rewarding employees' efforts in the banking merge process, you can foster a positive work environment and motivate them to continue contributing to future organizational success.
@Shahriyar Emamdoust
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Dears,
Hope you all are great. Kindly, I need to calculate the z-score for banks. I just need to know where I can find the components of the z-score formula ? which banks statements contains such data ?
Thank you all for your valued answers
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Hello
you can use a database like fitch connect contact me privately for more details.
here is also my article on bank stability and I use the z-score :
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When banks are merged, the level and training items of the merged employees differ. What is your solution to accurately identify the courses required by the employees?
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Hello, thank you very much for your participation in answering
These questions are aimed at completing the specialized phd thesis. The assumption is that these questions are trying to improve the psychological and motivational situation of the employees who are working in a bank that is the result of the merger of 6 banks and most of the employees from the existing situation (salary and benefits - bonus and loss job position) are unhappy about the merger.
You said: The Human Resources Department will decide on this matter. It is their job
What is your solution in this regard?
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When banks merge together, there is a need to hold effective training courses for all employees, at different levels, to reach a standard and desirable level. What is your solution for the effective implementation of training courses?
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Hello, thank you very much for your participation in answering
These questions are aimed at completing the specialized phd thesis. The assumption is that these questions are trying to improve the psychological and motivational situation of the employees who are working in a bank that is the result of the merger of 6 banks and most of the employees from the existing situation (salary and benefits - bonus and loss job position) are unhappy about the merger.
You said: The Human Resources Department will decide on this matter. It is their job
What is your solution in this regard?
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When banks merge, employees with different cultures gather together, and there is an essential need to create a specific strategy for employee relations in order to maintain and motivate the merged employees. What is your strategy in this regard?
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Hello, thank you very much for your participation in answering
These questions are aimed at completing the specialized doctoral thesis. The assumption is that these questions are trying to improve the psychological and motivational situation of the employees who are working in a bank that is the result of the merger of 6 banks and most of the employees from the existing situation (salary and benefits - bonus and loss job position) are unhappy about the merger.
You said: The Human Resources Department will decide on this matter. It is their job
What is your solution in this regard?
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When banks are merged, some employees inevitably lose their organizational positions, and this causes employees to be demotivated. In this situation, what is your strategy for developing the path of career advancement?
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Hello, thank you very much for your participation in answering
These questions are aimed at completing the specialized doctoral thesis. The assumption is that these questions are trying to improve the psychological and motivational situation of the employees who are working in a bank that is the result of the merger of 6 banks and most of the employees from the existing situation (salary and benefits - bonus and loss job position) are unhappy about the merger.
You said: The Human Resources Department will decide on this matter. It is their job
What is your solution in this regard?
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When banks merge, employees with different cultures gather together, and one of the tasks of the organization's management is to create a spirit of empathy, intimacy, and participation among the merged employees. What is your strategy in this regard?
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"Group task" is a good strategy. Allow employees to work in groups. Team work can help to build empathy among employees
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Considering that the merged banks had different reward strategies and this makes the merged employees compare their received bonuses with their previous bank, in the current situation, the strategy and policy of the merged bank's payment plans and welfare How should it be created?
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The Board of the integrated bank will determine the new payment and schemes of the workers of the integrated bank. They can use the industry benchmark to determine the optimal payment and welfare scheme
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I have a paper to be completed, and the title is "The Expansion of Bank Branches and Enterprises' green technology innovation: Evidence from China". Which journal is this paper suitable for?
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Shraddha jain Sharma Thank you for your answer !
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I am looking for an index to assess bank growth or few parameters to assess bank growth
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Thanks a lot for all your wonderful responses. I have been able to complete the analysis using total assets and total loans for bank growth.. special thanks Mr. Gomez for his inputs
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I want to write a theoretical basis for the third chapter of my thesis entitled "Investigating the relationship between bank deposit interest rate, inflation rate and liquidity growth rate in Iran: VAR approach". There are many articles about inflation rate and bank interest rate, but I don't have another variable. I can write a model that has all three. Please tell me how to write a model for these that has all three variables.
We know that the growth rate of liquidity affects the inflation rate, and the inflation rate affects the bank interest rate itself, and the bank interest rate can also affect the growth of liquidity. I will bring the results.
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Writing the theoretical foundations of a research study involves providing a comprehensive overview of the relevant theories, concepts, and existing literature that form the basis for your research. Here are some steps to guide you in writing the theoretical foundations section:
  1. Identify the Key Concepts: Begin by identifying the central concepts and variables relevant to your research. These concepts should be aligned with your research question or objectives. For example, if your study focuses on consumer behavior, key concepts might include attitude, perception, and decision-making.
  2. Review Existing Literature: Conduct a thorough review of existing literature on your research topic. This involves reading academic articles, books, and other scholarly sources to gain an understanding of the current state of knowledge and the theories or frameworks that have been proposed in the field.
  3. Select Relevant Theories/Frameworks: Identify the theories, models, or conceptual frameworks that are most relevant to your research. Choose those that provide a foundation for understanding the relationships between the key concepts and variables in your study. For example, if your research is on organizational behavior, you might draw on theories such as the social exchange theory or the theory of planned behavior.
  4. Explain and Discuss Theories/Frameworks: Present a clear and concise explanation of the selected theories or frameworks. Describe their key concepts, assumptions, and propositions. Discuss how these theories/frameworks have been applied in previous research and their relevance to your own study. Highlight any gaps or limitations in the existing literature that your research aims to address.
  5. Build Conceptual Connections: Demonstrate how the selected theories/frameworks relate to your research questions or hypotheses. Explain how they provide a theoretical foundation for your study and offer insights into the expected relationships between variables or the mechanisms underlying the phenomenon you are investigating.
  6. Provide Supporting Evidence: Substantiate your claims and arguments by citing relevant studies that have utilized the theories or frameworks you are discussing. Use these studies as evidence to support the rationale for your research and the theoretical foundations you have chosen.
  7. Synthesize and Organize: Ensure that the theoretical foundations section is well-structured and coherent. Organize the content logically, grouping related theories or frameworks together. Use subheadings and clear transitions to guide the reader through the different concepts and theories being discussed.
Remember to cite all your sources properly using the appropriate referencing style throughout the theoretical foundations section. This demonstrates your familiarity with the existing literature and allows readers to explore the references for further information.
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Can I perform a Macro Stress test for the selected banks?
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Peterson K. Ozili @ Thankyou sir, for your kind help.
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I had a look at this model from Kanagaretnam, Lobo and Mathieu (2004), but I don't really understand when they explained the variables.
Here is the equation:
LLPit = B0 + B1.CH_NPLit + B2.NPLit-1 + B3.CH_LOAN + eit
The authors explained the variables as:
LLPit : provision for loan losses deflated by beginning loans
NPLit-1 : beginning of period nonperforming loans deflated by beginning loans
...
I don't understand what "deflated by" means here. Can someone explain this to me?
Also, is this the best model to measure earnings management for banks?
Thank you!
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Deflated means "divided by". e.g. LLPit : provision for loan losses divided by beginning loans.
This is one of the several models used in measuring earning management using bank LLP. There are other LLP models
CH_NPLit means the percentage change in the nonperforming loans ratio for each country and year.
NPLit-1 means the one-year lag of the nonperforming loans ratio for each country.
CH_LOAN means the annual percentage change in the gross loan to total asset ratio for each country
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I am attempting to analyse secondary data of banks like their financial inclusion index, growth etc. I am looking for sources which explain what are the different techniques of analysis, how to apply them
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Can I perform a Macro Stress test for the selected banks?
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