Ballast Water - Science topic

Ballast water operations are one of the most essential activities of commercial ships whose purpose of existence is to carry cargo between ports. With their growing ballast capacities, ships become an important vector that carries the origin species of the sea waters they took into their ballast tanks. Foreign species were transported between ports...

In this review, we will show how the pollution from ship is affecting the animals of ocean. Some impacts and solution will be also discussed. Shipping moves over 80% of the world's commodities and transfers approximately 3-5 billion tons of ballast water internationally each year. Ballast is very important for modern ships for its safe voyage over...

As a consequence of the severe drought in the Amazon region, there has been a decrease in the volume of water in the river basins and a loss of river flow in the northern region of Brazil. As a result of this factor, there has been a greater presence of marine waters entering continental regions, which is favoring the spread of the rainbow shrimp M...

Bioinvasion by ballast water is intensified by the globalization process, which causes an increase in maritime transport. The growing commercial exchange between countries, through maritime transport, determines an increase in the fleet of vessels, increasing the volume of ballast transported. Therefore, verifying the effectiveness of discarded bal...

In this work, Ag was compounded with Bi2Fe4O9 to form a composite photocatalyst by photoreduction method. Structural characterization by XRD, XPS and SEM revealed that Ag was loaded on the surface of Bi2Fe4O9 in the form of monomers. UV–Vis and electrochemical characterization revealed that the composite photocatalysts had improved carrier separati...

Ballast water, which is seawater taken onboard ships to ensure stable and maneuverable sailing, can pose a significant threat to marine ecosystems and human health when discharged owing to the presence of undesirable organisms. To mitigate this risk, ballast water treatment methods such as electrochlorination are employed, where oxidants such as hy...

This study investigates the essential role of classification societies in ensuring compliance with MARPOL regulations to prevent marine pollution. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, data were collected over 18 months from 830 vessels, surveys with 450 maritime professionals, and in-depth interviews with 30 industry experts. Findings show that vesse...

In ecology, the enumeration of living aquatic unicellular protists is a century-old complicated task. The organisms are small, perhaps motile, and if they are non-motile their vitality is hard to gauge. A respectable technique still in use today is the Serial Dilution Culture-Most Probable Number (MPN) assay that determines the total viable phytopl...

A study to compare bacterial populations in sea, ground and stream waters and to assess the importance of some abiotic factors on these populations was carried out in the town of Kribi (on the Cameroonian coast) from January to March 2024. The bacteria sought were Aerobic Mesophilic Heterotrophic Bacteria (AMHB) and staphylococci. They were isolate...

This chapter addresses the impact of various anthropogenic activities on the floor of the Arctic marine environment and their repercussions on the benthic community. Anthropogenic activities such as fishing, oil and gas exploration, shipping, and seabed mining exert significant pressure on the fragile ecosystems of the Arctic seabed. This chapter e...

The article analyzes the mass and dimensional characteristics of the elements of ultraviolet ballast water treatment systems, which are crucial for ensuring the environmental safety of navigation. In particular, the study examines the impact of system capacity on the space and weight of its components, such as coarse filtration filters, UV reactors...

The article explores the influence of ultraviolet transmittance (UV-T) on the power of UV reactors in ballast water treatment systems, a crucial aspect for preventing the invasion of non-native organisms into marine ecosystems. The study shows that low UV-T values require greater power to ensure effective disinfection, while high UV-T allows for re...

Shipboard Ballast Water Treatment in the Canadian Domestic Trade: An Evaluation of the Rewards and Risks Executive Summary This study examines the use of the Ballast Water Treatment System in the domestic Canadian St. Lawrence River trade, on two large shuttle service tankers plying between Montréal and Québec City. Ballast Water Treatment System...

Compliance Monitoring Devices (CMDs) are instruments indicating if the 10-50 μm organism abundance in ballast water complies with the International Maritime Organizations' discharge standard. For that, they trade the presumed accuracy of detailed methods for speed and simplicity. In an experiment using UV-treated water, four CMDs were compared, usi...

Supplementary data

Ballast water is essential for ship operations, but can also transport harmful organisms between ports, threatening local environments. The Ballast Water Management (BWM) Convention, established by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), requires ships to implement ballast water management measures to address this issue. In this study, balla...

Purpose Some marine organisms can be used as Biological Quality Elements to estimate the degree of environmental impact and to monitor the health of benthic habitats. Organisms with mineralized protections, such as benthic foraminifera, can provide helpful information on the evolution of the coastal system over a long period and determine the Paleo...

The article presents an analysis of the mass-dimensional and energy characteristics of ballast water disinfec-tion and treatment systems, focusing on ultraviolet installations and systems utilizing chlorine compounds produced through seawater electrolysis. The research findings indicate that ultraviolet systems, despite their more compact size, req...

Uncontrolled dispersal of species in aquatic ecosystems has become one of the most important environmental problems. The main reason for the acceleration of this process is human economic activity. Aquatic ecosystems are particularly susceptible to attacks by alien species, and the main vector is the discharge of ballast water. Despite the fact tha...

Managing biological contaminants in ship ballast water is crucial for maritime nations to mitigate ecological and health risks. This study investigated the efficiency of algae inactivation in simulate ballast water using a dimensionally stable anode (DSA) electrocatalysis system. The findings showed that the inactivation rate varied depending on th...

Ballast water released from ships into coastal environments has been identified as a mechanism that introduces contaminants of concern into coastal ecosystems. This study investigates the treatment processes employed at a ballast water treatment facility in Valdez, Alaska, that remove hydrocarbons from unsegregated ballast water. Specifically, the...

Captain Cintia Cardoso¹ Marine Bioinvasion: Ecological Risks and Implications for Maritime Safety Marine Science Specialist, Brazil¹ Master's Marine Science and Technology¹ Student of Maritime, Port and Customs Law¹ Abstract Ballast water is essential for the stabilization of ships, ensuring the safety of the vessel, cargo and crew. This practice i...

Ballast water is essential for the stabilization of ships, ensuring the safety of the vessel, cargo and crew. This practice is crucial for controlling the ship's draft, keeping the vessel upright and preventing it from listing. Despite its importance for navigation, ballast water is the main cause of marine bioinvasion. When ships carry ballast wat...

Despite significant progress in floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) technology , there are still several challenges, including the design of a cost-effective system. Considerable research has been dedicated to optimizing the floating platform geometry, layout, dimensions, and weight over the past few years, with some focusing on semisubmersible p...

Increased global trade has led to a surge in the introduction of non-indigenous species (NIS) worldwide. Ships, particularly merchant vessels and recreational yachts, act as vectors for these invasions by transporting NIS in ballast water or as hull fouling. This study investigates the fouling diversity of NIS in part of the North Adriatic Sea. Our...

As one of the biggest ports, the aquatic ecology of Shanghai Port has a significant impact on the health of surrounding residents and aquatic animals. Therefore, this study explored the composition and distribution of bacteria, pathogens, and ARGs at Shanghai Ports by high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the bacterial community was d...

As the maritime industry continues to evolve, the imperative to prioritize environmental protection and sustainability becomes increasingly evident. Future ship engineers play a pivotal role in ensuring the maritime sector's compliance with stringent environmental regulations and the reduction of its ecological footprint. This scientific article pr...

Metagenomics represents a pivotal development in genomics, offering unprecedented insights into a diverse spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, that were previously challenging or impossible to study outside natural environments. Its applications span a remarkable range, from exploring cosmic entities to the depths of...

A comparative study between numerical modelling and experimental investigation is performed to validate the developed numerical method for simulating floating dock operations with a vessel on board. Both model-scale and full-scale experimental tests are performed on floating docks with a vessel on board, and the draughts using draught meters, float...

In order to discharge ballast in waters of the USA and Member States of the IMO, a vessel must comply with ballast water discharge standards (BWDS). In most cases, this involves use of a Type-Approved ballast water management system (BWMS). Although rigorous efficacy testing is required to gain Type-Approval status, there are currently no requireme...

A central planner plays a significant role in the stowage planning of container transportation. This paper discusses how a central planner produces stowage plans for a container vessel, through its entire voyage, while considering factors such as vessel specifications, characteristics of service lane, operational constraints at each terminal, sched...

The impacts of ballast water on the river and surrounding environment were investigated by measuring the concentration of heavy metals Co, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Fe (Mglg) in the sediment and water of the NPA river in the Nigeria Port Authority, Warri South Local Government Area. These metal concentrations fall between 0.06 and 1.70 mg/C in water...

Egg masses from an unknown mollusc have been found in South-West Iceland since 2020, but it was not until September 2023 that the adult organism was collected. Morphological analysis of both adults and egg masses pointed towards the identification of the species as Melanochlamys diomedea . This was further confirmed through DNA analyses using COI,...

In this work, Ag was loaded on the surface of Bi 2 Fe 4 O 9 to constitute a composite photocatalyst by a photo-reduction method. Under visible light irradiation and accompanied by a small amount of H 2 O 2 assisted to constitute a photocatalytic-Fenton coupling system, the highest sterilization rate of BFO-Ag-1 was obtained through sterilization ex...

Ballast water released from ships have been known to contaminate water bodies and soils and introduce invasive species into the immediate environment, if not properly treated or if not treated at all. There is therefore a need to design several strategies in preventing and/or ameliorating this and to establish the effectiveness of each strategy. Th...

Diapterus brevirostris (Sauvage, 1879) is a fish of the family Gerreidae, native to the tropical and subtropical waters of the Pacific coast of America. A specimen of this species was captured off the coast of Asturias, Spain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of the genus Diapterus in the North Atlantic. Given its small size (...

Ballast water (BW) poses the risk of introducing species. Therefore, ships install the ballast water management system (BWMS) to reduce the risks caused by BW. To gain a deeper understanding of the treatment effectiveness of the BWMS, in this study we compared the effectiveness of four different treatment processes of BWMSs on seawater phytoplankto...

During normal de-ballasting operations for floating docks, each ballast pump independently manages a specific group of ballast tanks. However, when a pump malfunctions, a connection valve between the two groups of ballast water systems is opened. This allows the adjacent pump to serve as a helper pump, simultaneously controlling two groups of balla...

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have had significant adverse impacts on the seafood industry along the Tasmanian east coast over the past 4 decades. To investigate the history of regional HABs, we performed analyses of sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) in coastal sediments up to ~9000 years old collected inshore and offshore of Maria Island, Tasmania....

Perspective du littoral Antoine Maniatis Chercheur-associé du CDMO, Postdoc, HDR Résumé Étant volontairement ouvertes aux navires étrangers, les eaux intérieures symbolisent l'hospitalité. Elles représentent en combinaison avec les eaux territoriales la côte au sens ample. Le navire mériterait une approche innovatrice, inverse à son anthropomorphis...

The use of steel for the ship’s hull building started 130 years ago, and sea/river water was utilised to stabilize these ships on ocean-going voyages, ballasting technology. This ballast water generates sediments in their tanks as an array of chemicals and various diapausing stages of the marine biota due to their contaminated intake sources. Indee...

Floating docks are important for increasing the capacity of land-based shipyards and serve as essential platforms for vessel construction, maintenance, and repair. As the size of modern vessels increases, ensuring the structural safety of the floating docks becomes challenging. To enhance the operational safety of the floating docks, this study aim...

Spar is one of the promising floating platforms to support offshore wind turbines. Wind heeling moment is large in the case of floating offshore wind turbines and, therefore, it is important to reduce the pitch motion of the floating platform. To address this issue, a spar platform with damping plates is proposed and investigated in this study. (i)...

The current market for the assembly and disassembly of offshore platforms exceeds $100 billion. However, existing methods face limitations that reduce their efficiency. To address these limitations, we propose a dual-vessel collaborative assembly and disassembly system with multiple motion-compensated lifting arms. The compensation system enables t...

Ballast water represents a significant vector for the transfer of aquatic organisms and chemical pollutants. Although various groups of transported microorganisms can have a negative impact on native species of aquatic fauna, the available literature usually focuses on larger organisms. This is important because microorganisms cause changes in the...

Canada has a well-developed framework for the management of shipping through area-based management (ABM) approaches which operates in direct and indirect ways. Regulatory tools available for the direct spatial management of shipping are used by federal government and port authorities, followed by indirect ways of spatial management of shipping unde...

Many researchers today are concerned about the spread or proliferation of invasive non-native species in waters and estuaries around the world. Ballast water and hull fouling (crushing) associated with maritime activities are responsible for the vast majority of accidental marine transfers of non-indigenous species worldwide (Carlton & al., 1995).t...

Ballast water refers to water containing substances, materials, or goods necessary for ship stability, trim control, list (tilt), or pressure. According to the shipping terms dictionary, ballast can also include waste or refuse stored on board. This study aims to analyze the environmental impact of oil-contaminated ballast water disposal on marine...

This research aims to know the supervision of the 1st Officer towards the ship’s crew/ABK when discharging ballast water on the MT. Star Valiant. This research was carried out from 03 December 2020 to 24 November 2021 on a ship when the author carried out research at MT. Star Valiant. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive me...

Opsanus beta is endemic to the Gulf of Mexico and has recently been introduced to the Brazilian coast; probably the introduction is via ballast water and/or oil rigs. In this study, the reproduction and age of the species were recorded for the first time in Guaratuba Bay. The two specimens analyzed in this study were caught by sport fishermen. Sex...

Ballast water is necessary to maintain the stability of the vessels when loading and unloading their merchandise. However, it is also one of the main causes of species invasions in many ports around the world. The Galapagos Islands are no exception to this problem, since according to investigations several non-native species have been found due to...

Kapal merupakan alat transportasi laut yang dapat mengangkut muatan dengan jumlah yang besar. Untuk menjaga stabilitas kapal diperlukan sistem air ballast yang berfungsi untuk menjaga kapal tetap pada kondisi stabil. Berdasarkan data dari International Maritime Organization (IMO), sekitar 10 miliar metrik ton air ballast dibebankan ke kapal setiap...

Predicting the spread of invasive species and understanding the role of niche dynamics in niche transferability are critical challenges in the management of biological invasions, both theoretically and practically. We used complementary species distribution modelling approaches, such as multivariate niche analysis and reciprocal distribution models...

The discharge of ballast water by commercial vessels impacted on the development of non-native species and the spread of heavy metal. In this research, descriptive methodology was applied whose research sample was obtained by random sampling method. Questionnaire and interviews were employed as the data collection method. In order to identify the s...

The introduction of Marine Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) poses a significant threat to global marine biodiversity and ecosystems. To mitigate this risk, the Ballast Water Management Convention (BWMC) was adopted by the UN International Maritime Organisation (IMO), setting strict criteria for discharges of ballast water. However, the BWMC permits exe...

A small colony of the snowflake coral, Carijoa riisei, was collected from Corralero Lagoon in June 2015. This species is native to the Indo-West Pacific and, as invasive species, spread into Tropical Western Atlantic, Hawaii, Western Africa and Tropical Eastern Pacific. This record suggests that the invasion of C. riisei in the Mexican Pacific coul...

Ballast Water Management (BWM) is a complex process in which decision-making must be based on proven scientific evidence. For example, data is needed to make decisions on the granting of exemptions from BWM, to support an early warning system to inform seafarers about where ballasting should not be conducted due to the presence of harmful organisms...

Hydroides dianthus is a non-native marine annelid worm that has been reported along the boat basin of Texas A&M University at Galveston (TAMUG). The genus Hydroides is notorious for biofouling and invasion due to its planktonic larval stage, easily transported in ballast water, vessel hulls, and aquaculture. Baseline information on this species in...

To tackle the issues of limited fault data, inadequate information availability, and subpar fault diagnosis within the realm of ship ballast water system condition monitoring, this paper presents a novel fault diagnosis methodology known as the Probabilistic Similarity and Linear Similarity-based Graph Convolutional Neural Network (PCGCN) model. PC...

The issue of alien species invasion caused by ballast water from ships has been recognized by the Global Environmental Fund as one of the four major threats to the oceans. As a major maritime nation, China is also confronted with the same problem. This paper outlines the hazards of alien species invasion through ballast water and analyzes the curre...

Urbanization along the coast has led to man-made structures on beaches, altering habitats and separating populations. The foreign nature of coastal protection structures on natural beaches tends to cause ecological changes. A 1076 km Tamil Nadu coastal stretch was studied for its impact on coastal biodiversity. Epibiota and marine growth settlement...

Urban sprawl and coastal protection structures-Challenges and Opportunities to coastal biodiversity Urbanization along the coast has led to man-made structures on beaches, altering habitats and separating populations. The foreign nature of coastal protection structures on natural beaches tends to cause ecological changes. A 1076 km Tamil Nadu coas...

The Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sapidus, which is native to the western Atlantic coast and listed among the 100 most invasive alien species in the Mediterranean Sea, is attracting a great deal of interest because of its rapid colonisation of new areas, the significant increase in its population, and the impacts it may have on ecosystems and ecos...

Recent years have witnessed a growing awareness of the critical role that maritime transport plays in global sustainability, given its significant environmental, economic, and social impacts. Central to this concern is the management of ballast water, which, if not properly treated, can lead to the introduction of invasive species, biodiversity los...

The euryhaline species Eurytemora velox (Lilljeborg, 1853) is an active invader like some other Eurytemora species. Having Ponto Caspian origin, it has been actively spread in fresh and brackish waters throughout Europe during recent decades. At present, the species is found even in Western Siberia. No one record of this species outside of Europe a...

This study records a new introduction of the estuarine, invasive bivalve Mytilopsis cf. sallei in southeastern Brazil. The new record lies close to the largest port of the country (the Port of Santos, in São Paulo state), raising serious concerns related to the probable expansion of this bivalve in future years. Two out of five sampling stations sh...

This study aimed to determine the removal of hazardous materials in ballast water by using an electrocoagulation (EC) system. This research was carried out on January 16 – June 15 2023 in Batam City. Ballast water was supplied by tanker ships anchored at 5 ports in Batam Island, namely Batam Centre, Sekupang, Nongsapura, Telaga Punggur, and Batu Am...

As a country that has more than half of the country's total territorial waters, Indonesia is highly dependent on shipping activities. Therefore, knowledge of policy updates for each ship from IMO must also be taken into account, one of which is the policy regarding the Ballast Water Management System, which requires every ship to be installed with...

The 14th Mohawk Watershed Symposium offers an exciting and diverse set of presentations on water quality, fisheries and habitats, flooding and resilience, and recreation and stewardship. The 2021-2026 Mohawk River Basin Action Agenda, our critical guiding document, focuses on conserving, preserving, and restoring the Mohawk River Watershed while he...

Observations in 2022 of intertidal and subtidal foraminiferal faunas at four localities along the central-eastern side of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, and molecular analyses have documented the first occurrence of the nonindigenous Asian species Ammonia confertitesta Zheng in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The species was present at...

Forcados river terminal is deteriorated by anthropogenic and congenital exercises. The aim of this preliminary study is to assess ballast water through some pollution parameters as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), total alkalinity (TA), chlorine (Cl), nitrates (N), phosphate (P), turbidity (TB), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), total d...