Bacterial Infection - Science topic

Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new respiratory tract infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. The presence of secondary pulmonary bacterial infection (SPBI) made COVID-19 difficult to treat. Neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio (NLR) is a systemic inflammatory marker used in the diagnosis and prognosis of...

Background: The covid-19 pandemic has created significant challenges for healthcare systems worldwide, especially in intensive care units (ICU), which face unprecedented hardship. Despite the primary focus on viral infection, the precise influence of bacterial superinfections on the outcome of severe covid-19 cases, particularly in different hospit...

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is linked to high mortality, extended hospital stays, and increased healthcare costs. Identifying risk factors for MDR HAP is essential to formulate effective management strategies. This study analyzed the proportion of risk factors associated with MDR bacterial infections in HAP patients...

Endodontic infection is a penetration of microorganisms into the dental pulp. Bacteria are the most common entities that induce an infection. This state is associated with significant pain and discomfort. Therapeutic intervention involves removal of infected pulp from the tooth and roots, which eliminates viable tissue, thus creating a tooth less r...

The current study was designed to optimize the dietary levels of Spirulina platensis in Oreochromis niloticus; this was tested via graded levels. Six isonitrogenous and isocaloric rations containing graded levels of dried spirulina 0, 5, 7.5, 10, 15 and 20 g/kg diet were fed separately to six equal groups of O. niloticus fingerlings for 3 months. G...

Staphylococcus aureus bacteria are found as normal flora in the skin and mucous membranes in humans. Food that is allowed to be stored openly in the outside air and processed by the carrier can become a breeding medium for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria because food has a high protein, water and fat content needed by bacteria to grow and develop. S...

Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a key therapeutic procedure in diseases of the pancreas or bile ducts. The understanding and effective management of the risks associated with the procedure, especially in the context of possible infectious complications, is crucial for patients’ safety. The aim of this review was...

A self‐propulsion Janus gallium (Ga)/magnesium (Mg) bimetallic micromotor is designed with favorable biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties as a therapeutic strategy for periodontitis. The Janus Ga/Mg micromotors are fabricated by microcontact printing technique to asymmetrically modify liquid metallic gallium onto magnesium microspheres. Hy...

Infection induced by multidrug‐resistant bacteria is now the second most common cause of accidental death worldwide. However, identifying a high‐performance strategy with good efficiency and low toxicity is still urgently needed. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered a non‐invasive and efficient approach with minimal drug resistanc...

Background Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are treatments for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Beyond glucose-lowering and cardiorenal protection, these drugs may protect against pneumonia and sepsis. Aims This study assesses the impact of SGLT2i and GLP-1 RAs on the risk of incide...

According to the innovative and sustainable perspective of the circular economy model, Olea europaea leaves, a solid byproduct generated every year in large amounts by the olive oil production chain, are considered a valuable source of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, with many potential applications. In particular, the following study aim...

We discuss a case of meningitis caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus (C. canimorsus) infection in a previously healthy elderly male who presented with altered mental status and new-onset seizures requiring intensive care. An open wound had served as an entry point for the infectious organism. After 25 days of treatment with meropenem, he recovered w...

NDOMETRITIS is the most common reproductive infertility problem in dairy animals. This study aimed to investigate the relation between the histopathological characterization of endometritis and ovarian steroid hormones in both uterine tissue and follicular fluids (FF) in addition to the proinflammatory cytokines and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Uteri col...

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) can assist in the delivery of nucleic acid inside animal cells, as demonstrated by their use in COVID‐19 vaccine development. However, LNPs applicable to bacteria have not been reported. Here, the screening of 511 LNPs containing random combinations of different lipid components identified two LNPs, LNP 496 and LNP 470, t...

Piezocatalytic therapy has aroused considerable attention in the treatment of bacterial infection due to its noninvasive and deep tissue penetration capabilities. The catalytic efficiency, however, is significantly constrained by the insufficient piezoresponse of sonosensitizers at low‐intensity ultrasound (LIU) accompanied poor separation efficien...

Objective To investigate the role of the Caspr3 receptor in bEnd.3 cells on the invasion function of Escherichia coli K1 strain. Methods 1. Cell Culture and Bacterial Infection:bEnd.3 cells and E. coli K1 (E44) were cultured in vitro. Confocal laser microscopy was used to observe the changes in F-actin and Caspr3 in bEnd.3 cells following bacterial...

Abstract Procalcitonin (PCT) has become essential for differentiating bacterial infections from viral infections and noninfectious causes of inflammation, as most inflammatory markers rise with inflammation without indicating a specific etiology. The significance of PCT was underscored during the COVID-19 pandemic, when many patients exhibited elev...

Hydatid cysts are parasitic infections that primarily affect the liver, but complications like secondary bacterial infections can obscure the clinical presentation. Though infections are common in general practice, hepatic abscesses, particularly those associated with hydatid cysts, are rare and often manifest with non-specific symptoms, leading to...

Genetic elements play a crucial role in spreading recombinant strains with new traits. Bacteria share genetic elements and transfer them to one another through various means. The transferred genetic material often benefits the recipient bacteria, providing advantages such as antibiotic resistance, tolerance to foreign substances, or the ability to...

Diabetes represent a chronic disorder that involve the decline in the levels of insulin produced by the pancreas due to many genetic and environmental factors. The disease involves the elevation of blood sugar in the circulation which may lead to vascular, neurological, ocular and renal complications. In addition, diabetic patients tend to develop...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs), the building blocks of the innate immune response, are largely responsible for the development of otitis media. The illness may worsen due to mistakes or faults in TLR expression in immune cells found in the blood or middle ear tissue. People with various bacterial infections and chronic otitis media were evaluated for t...

Background/Objectives: Bacterial infections (BI) are a major cause of mortality in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH); however, only a few studies have investigated BI in AH in the last decade. Therefore, we aimed to assess the features and outcomes of BI in patients with AH. Methods: This observational descriptive study included patie...

Background Klebsiella pneumoniae is infamous for hospital-acquired infections and sepsis, which have also been linked to Alzheimer disease (AD)-related neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative impairment. However, its causative and mechanistic role in AD pathology remains unstudied. Methods A preclinical model of K. pneumoniae enteric infection and...

Objective: Possible serious bacterial infection (PSBI) is one of the leading causes of infant mortality. Based on WHO multi-centric study, signs of PSBI are categorized into: signs of clinical severe infection (CSI) and signs of critical illness (CI). Assessment of signs of PSBI helps to divide infants into risk groups for appropriate management an...

Development of potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) could help overcome the antimicrobial resistance crisis. We develop a peptide language-based deep generative framework (deepAMP) for identifying potent, broad-spectrum AMPs. Using deepAMP to reduce antimicrobial resistance and enhance the membrane-disrupting abilities of AMPs, w...

Bacterial infections have had a huge effect on human health. They have pushed medical progress and shape public health policies. These illnesses can vary from minor issues to serious conditions like sepsis. In this chapter, we will examine the history of bacterial infections from ancient times to the present while focusing on important periods and...

Skin is the largest organ in the human body, and it is also the most important natural barrier. However, some accidents can cause skin damage. Bacterial infections and inflammatory reactions can hinder wound healing. Therefore, eliminating bacterial infections and regulating oxidative stress are essential. The use of antibiotics is no longer suffic...

The prevalence of drug‐resistant bacterial infections has emerged as a grave threat to clinical treatment and global human health, presenting one of the foremost challenges in medical care. Thus, there is an urgent imperative to develop safe and efficacious novel antimicrobial strategies. Nitric oxide (NO) is a recognized endogenous signaling molec...

Abstract Various pathogenic microorganisms have been implicated as the cause of infectious diarrhea in children as a result of water and food contamination. The study's goal is to determine the reliability of complete blood count (CBC) in peripheral blood of children with acute diarrhea which infected by certain enteric bacteria, with an emphasis...

Background Pneumonia due to typical bacterial, atypical bacterial and viral pathogens can be difficult to clinically differentiate. Host response-based diagnostics are emerging as a complementary diagnostic strategy to pathogen detection. Methods We used murine models of typical bacterial, atypical bacterial and viral pneumonia to develop diagnost...

Background: Sepsis is a damage of tissues resulting from the body response to the infection, and considered the second major cause of mortality among neonates and leads to more than one million neonates every year. Sepsis is a body response to an infection leads to damage the tissues, and considered the second major cause of mortality among neonate...

Background/Objectives: As COVID-19 can be severe, early predictive markers of both severity and onset of secondary bacterial infections are needed. This study first examined changes over time in the levels of plasma neopterin (NP) and biopterins (BPs), among others, in patients with COVID-19 and then in those with secondary bacterial infection comp...

Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) have shown the potential for antimicrobial photodynamic treatment, due to their particular physicochemical properties. Here, we investigated the activity of three differently functionalized GQDs—Blue Luminescent GQDs (L-GQDs), Aminated GQDs (NH2-GQDs), and Carboxylated GQDs (COOH-GQDs)—against E. coli. GQDs were adminis...

Hsp40–Hsp70 typically function in concert as molecular chaperones, and their roles in post-infection immune responses are increasingly recognized. However, in the economically important fish species Scophthalmus maximus (turbot), there is still a lack in the systematic identification, interaction models, and binding site analysis of these proteins....

Macrophages, as crucial participants in the innate immune system, respond to pathogenic challenges through their dynamic metabolic adjustments, demonstrating the intimate interplay between cellular metabolism and immune function. Bacterial infection of macrophages causes changes in macrophage metabolism, affecting both macrophage function and bacte...

Background: Bacterial infections are an important prognostic factor in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH). However, it is difficult to detect the presence of infection immediately. Procalcitonin (PCT) is a well-known inflammatory marker that can detect bacterial infections in various diseases early. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the d...

Aquatic environments can be the sources for the spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and resistance genes. Escherichia coli is one of the bacteria taken as an indicator of water contamination with human faecal matter. CTX-M producing E. coli is the most common type of extended-spectrum ß- lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli worldwide. This...

Untethered and self-transformable miniature robots are capable of performing reconfigurable deformation and on-demand locomotion, which aid the traversal toward various lumens, and bring revolutionary changes for targeted delivery in gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, the viscous non-Newtonian liquid environment and plicae gastricae obstacles se...

Pleural infection is usually treated with empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics, but limited data exist on their penetrance into the infected pleural space. We performed a pharmacokinetic study analysing the concentration of five intravenous antibiotics across 146 separate time points in 35 patients (amoxicillin, metronidazole, piperacillin-tazobact...

The association between sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and the risk of urogenital infections remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association between SGLT2 inhibitors and the incidence of perineal soft tissue infections, including Fournier's gangrene (FG), genital bacterial infections, and urinary tract infe...

Bacterial infections still pose a severe threat to public health, necessitating novel tools for real‐time analysis of microbial behaviors in living organisms. While genetically engineered strains with fluorescent or luminescent reporters are commonly used in tracking bacteria, their in vivo uses are often limited. Here, we report a near‐infrared fl...

Background Previous studies have shown an association between depression and susceptibility to infection in adults. However, few studies have investigated the association between treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and severe infections in adolescents and young adults. Methods This study included adolescents (12–19 years of age) and young adults...

Blood‐contact medical devices are indispensable for clinical interventions, yet their susceptibility to thrombosis and bacterial infections poses substantial risks to treatment efficacy and patient well‐being. This study introduces a polysulfobetaine/alginate‐CuII (SAC) zwitterionic hydrogel coating on polyurethane (PU) surfaces. This approach reta...

Purpose: A temporal reduction in the cardiovascular autonomic responses predisposes patients to cardiovascular instability after a viral infection and therefore increases the risk of associated complications. These findings have not been replicated in a bacterial infection. This pilot study will explore the prevalence of cardiovascular autonomic dy...

The Viruses Editorial Office retracts the article, “Contribution of Host Immune Responses Against Influenza D Virus Infection Toward Secondary Bacterial Infection in a Mouse Model” [...]

Simple Summary Immune defense against bacterial infection involves a fierce struggle between bacteria and immune cells. Neutrophils, as the first line of defense, must cross the epithelial barrier to reach the infected site. During this process, communication between neutrophils and endothelial cells is crucial for regulating immune defense, cascad...

Growth of marine bivalve aquaculture is presented as a potential measure to effectively provide seafood for human consumption while preserving wild populations. It can be an economic driver in coastal areas while also providing important ecosystem services such as filtration of phytoplankton and carbonate buffering. However, as with any other farmi...

Investigating the application of innovative antimicrobial surface coatings on medical devices is an important field of research. Many of these coatings have significant drawbacks, including biocompatibility, coating stability and the inability to effectively combat multiple drug-resistant bacteria. In this research, we developed an antibiofilm surf...

Introduction and objective. The term source (or focus) control encompasses all those physical measures that can be used to reduce the inoculum and modify those factors in the infectious medium that promote microbial growth or foreign antimicrobial defenses of the host. The main objective of this systematic review (SR) is to know and compare whether...

The major cause of mortality in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) is progressive lung disease characterised by acute and chronic infections, the accumulation of mucus, airway inflammation, structural damage and pulmonary exacerbations. The prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa rises rapidly in the teenage years, and this organism is the most common...

Background Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is a type of tuberculosis that is resistant to at least the first-line antituberculosis drugs namely, rifampicin and isoniazid. However, most of these studies were limited only to a single hospital. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among adults u...

Resumen Introducción y objetivo: La atención de pacientes con sospecha de un proceso infeccioso en los servicios de Urgencias Hospitalarios (SUH) supone el 15%-35% de todas las atenciones diarias en estas áreas asistenciales en Espa˜na y en Latinoamérica. La administración precoz y adecuada del tratamiento antibiótico (AB) y la toma inmediata de ot...

Objectives. Procalcitonin level is generally undetectable from blood sample under normal physiological condition. However, its production can be greatly stimulated by the presence of various inflammatory responses, especially those caused by bacterial infection. We aimed to determine if postoperative procalcitonin level could be used to predict bac...

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a member of the skin microflora that can develop in hospitals and become a pathogen, especially in immunocompromised patients. Although it has fewer exoenzymes and virulence factors than Staphylococcus aureus, it occasionally causes infection. This study aimed to study the effect of S. epidermidis on induced hamster wo...

The development of a non-invasive infection-specific diagnostic probe holds the potential to vastly improve early-stage detection of infection, enabling precise therapeutic intervention and potentially reducing the incidence of antibiotic resistance. Towards this goal, a commercially available bacteria-targeting Zinc (II)-dipicolylamine (ZnDPA)-der...

Since 1997, the World Health Organization (WHO) publishes the Global Tuberculosis Report every year, which contains the most up-to-date and accurate statistical data on tuberculosis (TB) worldwide. TB is an infectious disease that is one of the leading causes of human morbidity. It ranks among the top 10 most common causes of death worldwide and is...

This study aims to evaluate the effect of administering Ambon banana stem extract through feed in enhancing the immune response, growth, and resistance of vannamei shrimp to diseases caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria. The research used a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments, namely 2 control treatments (negative contr...

Bacterial infections impede the wound healing process and can trigger local or systemic inflammatory responses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a dressing with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties to promote the healing of infected wounds. In this study, BA/COs/NO-PL/AL hydrogels were obtained by adding brevilin A (BA) camel...

This study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of autogenous bacterin from enteric bacteria isolated from chicken feeds, commercially prepared probiotic, conventional antibiotics as well as Zingiber officinale extract in prevention of enteric bacterial infection in broiler chickens. A total of 1,536 samples of different brands of chicken fe...

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small proteins that protect against bacterial and fungal infections. Various organisms, including plants, animals, and bacteria, produce them. The HMGB-1 (HMGB-1) protein is produced by both immune cells and bacteria, and its main role is to facilitate the recognition of foreign agents, such as bacteria, by the imm...

Background Serum cytokines correlate with tuberculosis (TB) progression and are predictors of TB recurrence in people living with HIV. We investigated whether serum cytokine biosignatures could diagnose TB among HIV-positive inpatients. Methods We recruited HIV-positive inpatients with symptoms of TB and measured serum levels of inflammation bioma...

Background: Contact lens wear has become increasingly common for vision correction and cosmetic purposes. However, it also causes risks of microbial contamination leading to ocular infections. The aim of our study was to investigate the bacterial contamination in commercial contact lens solutions. Method: A total of 33 samples were collected and an...

Ketoconazole and Minocycline based ointment for Combating Fungal and bacterial infections. As the global burden of infectious diseases continues to rise, innovative therapeutic approaches are essential. The proposed based ointment offers a promising solution, capitalizing on the synergistic antimicrobial properties of ketoconazole and minocycline.T...