Azerbaijan - Science topic

This study presents an integrated supply chain network model for biodiesel and bioethanol production, incorporating torrefaction under uncertain conditions related to the establishment of new facilities. The proposed mixed-integer linear programming model aims to minimize the total cost of the supply chain while maximizing social objectives such as...

Precipitation is one of the elements of climate that has great variability. These changes occur both in terms of time and space in many regions of Iran. Knowing the characteristics of this atmospheric element is very important for many construction plans, plans and agricultural activities. Any statistically significant change in this element can im...

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) increasingly face the imperative of internationalization to remain competitive. Owner-managers of SMEs, who predominantly act as decision-makers, encounter multifaceted challenges in navigating cross-cultural complexities. These challenges can pose significant obstacles to successful expansion into internat...

Agricultural residues (such as straw and other nonmarketable plant waste) in Iran exceed 200 million tons annually, which can supply 10%–15% of the country's energy needs. The objective of this study was to investigate and estimate the biomass energy potential derived from crop residues in Iran using GIS mapping and artificial neural networks. The...

South Caspian and Eastern Azerbaijan of pliocene deposits on has cycle and transgressive structure and the alternative of the Levels of Evstatice fluctation to day fragmental studied in geological literature. Havewer. This all round invfestiqation has a great means in stratigraphy and detalization tectonic strucfture and paloeogeographic reconctrac...

The juniper plant is the main component of arid sparse forests in Azerbaijan. These forests have a dual character. Some of the plant groupings in the area depend on the important informational features of the tree layer, while others are plant associations that do not rely on the tree layer. Another important feature of the plant communities formed...

This paper examines the persistence of early marriage in Azerbaijan despite recent legal reforms and ongoing international advocacy for gender equality. Early marriage (the union of individuals below the age of 18) remains prevalent, particularly in rural areas, where socioeconomic hardships, entrenched cultural norms, and systemic gender inequalit...

This study investigates the evolution and impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Azerbaijan, focusing on its integration into various sectors through state-led digital initiatives. It examines Artificial Intelligence (AI) developments in Azerbaijan from 2019 to 2023, focusing on its integration across government, technology, and infrastructure t...

This study explores the perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI) among Azerbaijani students by analyzing data collected from 73 participants. Using automatic topic modeling with the recent multilingual sentence transformer to generate word embeddings, along with manual semantic analysis, we identified 12 unique topics that reflect diverse aspect...

Recently, the Earth has faced various global environmental problems. The main factor in the emergence of these problems is the human factor. In modern times, one of the dangerous processes in the pollution of the environment, including the soil, is the excessive accumulation of heavy metals in the biosphere, atmosphere and pedosphere. Heavy metals...

Bank deposits are vital for the economy, serving as a primary source of funding for banks that facilitate lending, investment, consumption, and overall economic growth. This article aims to examine how oil price fluctuations and inflation, two critical macroeconomic variables, influence bank deposits in Azerbaijan, an energy-exporting country. The...

Research about position Russia and the United States of America on settlement of Azerbaijan - Armenian conflict, which started from 1988. The research covers materials from beginning of conflict till beginning of 2000. This research was Master research in the Baku State University in 2001.

Mount Sabalan/ Savalan/ Savellan (Pahlavi: Sebīlān, 4811 m) located in Ardabil county of Azerbaijan in Iran. The scholars believe that prophet Zoroaster (Avestan: Zaraθuštra, Greek: Zōroastrēs Ζωροάστρης) first appeared in the west of Iran, either in Atropatene (Pahlavi: Ādurbādagān) or in Media

European pond turtle, Emys orbicularis are an essential component of freshwaters and marshes cenoses and evaluation of parasites in their populations is essential for the management of conservation processes. Coccidiosis is the most common intestinal infection in free-living and captive reptiles. The aim of this study was to characterize the presen...

Natural and human-induced disturbances are major drivers of the decline and loss of vulnerable species worldwide. Among these, fires are particularly disruptive as they can devastate entire ecosystems. Assessing the likelihood and severity of such disturbances on plant communities is crucial for the management and conservation of biodiversity. This...

Companies today are complex and face challenges that may not be directly related to their business objectives. The aim of this chapter is to assess the state of stakeholder theory (ST) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) among mobile network operators (MNOs) in Azerbaijan. To this end, a thematic analysis (TA) was conducted on a total of 5,26...

This study investigates the helicopter crash that killed the Iranian President and seven others during a dam inauguration near the Azerbaijan border on May 9, 2024. The research examines factors contributing to the accident, including technical failures, weather conditions, human error, and potential external involvement, within the frameworks of a...

The current study aims to investigate the typology of Īrānian Khānqāhs and to identify the architectural patterns of these spaces. Qualitative research methods and comparative analysis were employed. Numerous Khānqāhs of Īrān are currently either abandoned, destroyed, or located outside the borders of Īrān's political geography. In this study, all...

The Republic of Azerbaijan is one of the countries that preserves ancient state traditions in its geographical region. With a five-thousand-year-old state structure, it has emerged in different stages of history, sometimes making a name for itself with its struggle for independence, and at other times hosting ethnopolitical conflicts within its...

Introduction: Malnutrition is one of the most important morbidity and mortality causes in children. In comparison with healthy children malnourished children are at higher risk of illness and death as 60 percent of more than 7 million deaths in children aged less than five years are attributed to the malnutrition. The present study is intended to d...

Azerbaycan ve Ermenistan arasındaki 28 Mart 1993 çatışmaları Türkiye ve Ermenistan ilişkilerini de olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. 3 Nisan 1993'de Türkiye, Ermenistan'a tahıl sevkiyatını durdurdu ve iki ülke arasındaki kara sınırını kapattı. Tarihi sorunların yanı sıra, Dağlık Karabağ krizi, o zamandan bu yana ilişkilerin yeniden kurulmasının önündeki...

Restaurants that operate in any country and serve food from another country create an image of those countries in customers. Based on this, this research was designed considering that Turkish, Italian, and Japanese restaurants operating in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, create the image of their own countries among these customers and also affect...

The purpose of the article is to study the impact of investment flows on the economic development of Ukraine, Azerbaijan, and Uzbekistan, considering foreign investment, as well as to assess their contribution to the formation of sustainable economic growth. The methodology is represented by such methods of scientific knowledge as economic analysis...

This study investigates the long-term relationship between human development and environmental sustainability in Azerbaijan, with a particular focus on carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions as a key indicator of environmental impact. Using data spanning from 1997 to 2022, sourced primarily from World Bank and United Nations databases, the analysis applies...

p>This study investigates the helicopter crash that killed the Iranian President and seven others during a dam inauguration near the Azerbaijan border on May 9, 2024. The research examines factors contributing to the accident, including technical failures, weather conditions, human error, and potential external involvement, within the frameworks of...

This study explores the relationship between women's parliamentary representation and military spending in the Caucasian and Middle Eastern regions. Using Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia from the Caucasus and Israel, Lebanon, and Jordan from the Middle East, the research employs a comparative analysis method to examine the impact of gender diversi...

In this study, screening of the collected 70 Salvia nemorosa L. populations from 54 habitats from West Azerbaijan province, Iran was evaluated by analyzing the content of phytochemical compounds, antioxidant activity, and UHPLC-HRMS profiling in different populations. The aerial parts of the plants were analyzed based on total phenolic (TPC) and fl...

During recent one hundred years, all Iranian governments accused the ethnic groups on the secessionist aims, but the ethnic groups rejected these accusations. Simultaneous to the increase in the ethnic conflicts in the period of hard- liners in the past five years (mostly in non- violent form), accusations were strengthened. Through analysing the d...

The purpose of this study is to empirically evaluate social and cultural reproduction theory in the pursuit of education. Thus, the theory of social reproduction, cultural reproduction and social capital have been utilized to develop the theoretical framework. The research type in regard to its goal is applied and in regard to data collection metho...

Phraseological combinations are the product of thinking (abstraction) produced by the unique way of thinking of each nation. All spiritual culture m-anifestations related to the language, history, culture, religion, ethnography of the people are reflected here. Although phraseological units in different languages have their own structural features,...

This article considering the interrelationships between knowledge and Urban Development. An Overview is of complementary views, such as knowledge-based cities, learning cities, intelligent cities and creative cities. There are four main channels whereby cities join the knowledge society: human capital, economic structure, innovation systems, inform...

This article explores the concept of "coopetition" as a strategic approach for enhancing tourism development in the South Caucasus region, comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. The region holds significant tourism potential but faces infrastructure gaps, limited awareness, safety standards, and accessibility. Additionally, political instabil...

This study examines the intricate dynamics between price discrimination, inferred motives, price fairness perception, and switching costs, focusing on their collective impact on consumer behavior. Price discrimination, a common profit-maximization strategy, can significantly influence perceptions of fairness, particularly when consumers evaluate a...

This Article explains Azerbaijan's transfer pricing rules, documentation and reporting requirements, reporting deadlines and penalties in 2025.

The study was planned to ascertain the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational justice. In present research the sample size consists of 141 employees (49 women and 92 men) that were selected at random from East Azerbaijan Documents and realty organization and East Azerbaijan biographic organization of Tabriz in Iran. Organizati...

Marketing is an amazing science nowadays. Marketing methods especially in third world countries must be developed until can Compete with other strong countries to achieve food security and food safety. Based on the statistics, 31.54 percent of the Iran total population lives in rural areas where agriculture is the main source of their income. One o...

The article analyzes the features of the creation of eco-museums in world practice and its application for the organization of eco-museums in the reconstructed East Zangezur region of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The functions of eco-museums in conservation of the natural and cultural heritage and their role in the development of regional tourism ar...

Undoubtedly one of the necessities of today's world is the competition with other countries to achieve a balanced position, yet superior in many aspects of economic, social, political and cultural aspects. Based on the statistics, 31.54 percent of the Iran total population lives in rural areas where agriculture is the main source of their income. O...

BACKGROUND: Primary health care is one of effective approaches for improving public health. Providing optimal cares requires supplication of various resources such as financial resources. “Fractions of incomes” in health centers is one of the remarkable problems for the domain of financial resources management in Iran. This study was aimed to ident...

Refinements of the positions of seismic events were carried out using the double-difference method. The principle of DD tomography is based on comparing the time differences of wave arrivals from various seismic events, which enables improved localization of hypocenters. As a result, the mutual positions of 4,813 events that occurred between 2015 a...

The presented research work is devoted to the solution of the problem of cleaning of mining territories, sea from oil and oil products pollution. The results of the conducted research show that the oil-water emulsion formed by mixing well water in the Karachagur field with liquid in the sumps forms large-sized masses in the sumps. This also makes...

Fariz Halilli, Zamine Rasulova. Flaman Asıllı İspanyol ve Rus Subayı Don Juan Van Halen y Sarti’nin Azerbaycan’da Şirvan Hanlığı’nın Başkenti Fitdağ Şehri Hakkında İzlenimleri / Impressions of Flemish-born Spanish and Russian Officer Don Juan Van Halen y Sarti about the City of Fitdag, the Capital of the Shirvan Khanate in Azerbaijan. 18. Uluslarar...

In many countries, the deepening of the environmental problem and the increase of anthropogenic effects on the ecosystem makes it necessary to review the basics of traditional farming and transition to an ecologically oriented economy. This development is also strategically important in our country, so an unsoiled environment and "green" growth mus...

Feeding value of desert, semi-desert and arid plain winter pastures of the North-Western part of Azerbaijan is considered in the article. Data on dynamics of fodder resources and features of the major plants of the winter pastures of the region are given. A chart-scheme of main types of vegetation of winter pastures is cited. A brief evaluation of...

The Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Türkiye, two historical rivals in the South Caucasus and the Middle East, pay special attention to relations with the Republic of Azerbaijan. This is primarily due to ethnolinguistic, religious-ideological, and geopolitical factors. The aim of the paper is to identify the distinctive characteristics...

In vitro study of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of ambrosoartemisifolide and isoalantolactone sesquiterpene lactones obtained from ambrosia artemisiifolia (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) and beautiful telekia (Telekia speciosa (Schreb.) Baumg.) plants, common in Azerbaijan, and in silico study of biological activities and toxicity of these...

The paper is devoted to the investigation of the questions connected with the directions of productivityimprovement of fiscal policy under present-day conditions. It is shown that for the correct and timely solution ofthe problems standing before the policy of the budget expenses, it is required an exact and deep approach to theessence, purpose and...

The main aim of the investigation is to learn out all positive and negative influences of the process of globalization on the formation and development of the national language, national consciousness and national culture in the modern world during the intercultural communication and to analyze the power and impact of the Modern English as a global...

Images are part of the content of the English textbooks and since junior high school curriculum is currently being underdevelopment, developing criteria for the images of the content of high school textbooks needs attentive consideration. The images need to be chosen according to the needs of students and those objectives found at the higher level...

This article examines the feasibility of introducing Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in the education system of Azerbaijan, and determining the most preferred target language for this matter. Azerbaijan is a country with traditions of multilingualism. There are certain challenges within the society in terms of ensuring communication...

Iran and Azerbaijan are key countries in the Caspian Basin, thanks to their historical continuity, religious and cultural similarities, shared energy resources and strategic position. However, since the independence of Azerbaijan, complex and contradictory interactions have shaped their relationships, influencing the region dynamics. However, in in...

Milletimizin tarihinde asırlar boyunca ortak coğrafyada yaşayan, aynı dili konuşan ve manevî değerleri paylaşan yüzlerce boy ve aşiretleri, milyonlarca insanı bir ülkü etrafında toplayarak birlik ve beraberlik çağrısında bulunan pek çok şahsiyet olmuştur. Bu tarihi şahsiyetlerden biri de Şah İsmail’dir. Bilim adamları ve tarihçiler için Şah İsmail,...

Considering the geopolitical, geo-strategic and geo-economic characteristics of Caucasus region, it has been prone for conflict, tension and competition by regional and trans-regional powers from a long time ago. On one hand, the existence of a mosaic of ethnics and cultures in this region has always been a factor for attracting tribunal, social an...

Belonging to different language families, the English and Azerbaijani languages differ in all the aspects (grammar, phonetics and lexis) of the language. Therefore, as non-native speakers, Azerbaijanis have many difficulties in learning English. Many scholars try to eliminate those difficulties by comparing and analyzing the languages, finding out...

The article deals with phraseology and its object. Phraseology is known to be one of the difficult, debatable and interesting parts of linguistics. It appeared in the middle of the 19th century as a science, and was firstly dealt widely with by the scholars of the post-Soviet country. The early researchers of phraseology were Russian scholars and l...

Türklerin, yüzyıllardır üretmiş oldukları sanatın kendine has bir kimliği ve karakteristik orijinalliği vardır. Orta Asya’dan başlayarak başta Anadolu olmak üzere Azerbaycan, Türkmenistan, Kazakistan, Kırgızistan, Suriye, Irak, Kuzey Afrika’nın yanı sıra kimi bazı bölgelerde geriye bıraktıkları mimari eserler bu kültürün en canlı tanıklarıdır. Geni...

One of the effective ways of teaching of symmetry at the Mathematics lessons in the first forms of primary schools of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the basis of National Curriculum is discussed in the paper. The effective teaching of a symmetry conception enables also the pupils to study and understand Geometry, Physics, Chemistry, Music, Geography...

The collapse of the Soviet Union has been one of the most important events of the twentieth century. As a result of the collapse, Iran became the neighbor of the new countries. Azerbaijan is one of the countries, which have historical, cultural and religious commonalities with Iran. Despite the great sharing that exists between Iran and Azerbaijan,...

Abstract The present article covers the work done to ensure freedom of religion and regulation of state-religious relations during the reign of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR). First, social and political processes during the ADR proclamation, as well as the measures taken by Russian Empire to overthrow the independent state are considered. Th...

The article gives wide information about the relationship between the Constitution of the Azerbaijan Republic and international legislation in the field of human rights. The author shows that Universal Declaration of Human rights is a basic international legal document used in the constitutional construction. It served as an example for the constit...

Objectives: To investigate the effects of chronic, dose-dependent haloperidol administration on the concentration of sex hormones (total testosterone (Ttotal), free testosterone (Tfree), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PL), progesterone (PG), estriol (ER), estradiol (ED)), as well as fertilization rates, and...

The present article “Azerbaijan’s Current and Potential Comparative Advantage”, which has been prepared as a contribution to the National Employment Strategy, provides an analysis of the sectors and industries in which Azerbaijan is either currently competitive or there is a potential to become competitive in the future. This study proves the exist...

The process of globalization, covering various spheres of life, is universal, as for thousands of years separated, remote to some extent, differential events—national or regional peculiarities, habits, complexes strongly influenced by modern technologies, approaching each other with incredible speed and combine as a result of multifaceted economic,...

This article focuses on the most active period of romanticism in the Azerbaijan literature. The article lists the stages of development of Azerbaijani romanticism. Like any literary phenomenon the Azerbaijani romanticism has its own reference points: concrete time of origination, the stages of formation, development, giving in its positions and ret...

This article reports on a study of words affinity in Irish, Azerbaijani and other Turkic languages. In spite ofIrishmen’s migration from territory of ancient Azerbaijan to Asia Minor and further to the British Isles, they couldpreserve not only culture, but also their language in a new motherland. The present paper discloses semanticsimilarities an...

A detailed explanation of currency exchange rate risk: how and when does it occur? how to mitigate and prevent from it and what exactly happened in case of Azerbaijan

It is shown that the natural condition of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, its geographical position, geopolitical situation, rich natural resources, existence of enough manpower, high level personnel potential, the existing social and production infrastructure create objective atmosphere in rapid development of the industrial fields. The develo...

This article focuses on the ethical problems connected with human rights which practically affect all sides of vital activity of society. Along with social, biological and medical aspects, a legal one is of no less importance and that is why its legal prerequisite became a main factor in the development of modern bioethics. The model of legal suppo...

The present study aims at evaluating effects of observing professional ethics on development of intellectual capital at Agriculture Bank of West Azerbaijan province (Iran). For this purpose, professional ethics and intellectual capital have been defined in accordance with ethical charter of Bank Agriculture Bank and Bontis theory, respectively. Sta...

The Historical Background of the Emergence of the Republican Idea in Azerbaijani Political Thought (1917-1918) The emergence of the republican idea in Azerbaijani political thought, its historical course and its legal foundations are the main subject of this study. The main sources for the study were the ideas on the republican order in the works o...

Archaeological surveys always present deep information about history of any given geographical area to archaeologists. Archaeologists have surveyed many Iranian regional areas, however, Bostan Abad, Eastern Azerbaijan, is among regions rarely archaeologically investigated. Present paper involves in analyzing settlement patterns and typology of Bron...

by Azerbaijan in its formerly occupied territories, Azerbaijan restored its territorial integrity and provided the necessary basis for ensuring its security and stability in the future. The new status quo in the South Caucasus region also formed a new reality that strongly contributed to Azerbaijan's currently developing status as a middle power. T...

The Ismaili is one of the sub-sects of Shiite sect which in addition to being involved in some specific events in the history of different regions in the world of Islam from India to Iran and North Africa has been able to form governments. The record of Ismaili’s presence in Azerbaijan goes back to the third century A.H and the ruling period of Mos...

The article is devoted to the principle of conciousness and activity in the education system of some CIS countries, as well Azerbaijan. It is shown that the education methods and principles play the main role in regard of optimization of teaching process, promotion of education quality and effective possession of the knowledge. The article also cla...

The USA is particularly interested in the development of multilateral cooperation with the Republic of Azerbaijan that acts as an initiator of new projects which forms the energy security maps of Europe and realizes energy projects of global and regional significance. Azerbaijan also in its turn attaches great importance to the relations with the U...

The work is based on Pisa 2009 International Assessment Study. Two counties were selected: a developed country, Estonia and a developing country, Azerbaijan. The following Datum was used for statistical analysis: students average scores in reading (162 schools, 4 600 students from Azerbaijan; 17 schools, 4 923 students from Estonia). The work is ba...

South Caucasus region due to various reasons including ethnic diversity, religions and geographical position has long been witnessing various crises such as Karabakh and south Ossetia crisis. Among these, Karabakh crisis has a direct impact on the national interests of Islamic republic of Iran; because, this crisis has been developed in the norther...

Seventy-six sequences of the cytb gene region of mitochondrial DNA (1143 bp) and 27 sequences of i7β-fib nuclear DNA (483 bp) of Lacerta strigata from 57 localities in Abkhazia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Iran, and Russia were analyzed. A large number of new samples were included in analysis with special focus to the species’ range at the Caucas...

For the first time in Azerbaijani literary studies, the works of Khagani Shirvani written in Arabic have been extensively studied in this monograph. Innovations concerning Khagani's legacy are presented in this context.g The monograph provides, for the first time, information on research devoted to the life and works of Khagani Shirvani, and also e...

Özet: Düğün, evlilikle iki bireyin ve ailelerin birleşimini simgeleyen, Türk kültüründe ve diğer birçok kültürde önemli bir ritüeldir. Düğün merasimi hem Azerbaycan'da hem de Trakya ve Anadolu'da kız beğenme ile başlar; kız isteme, nişan ve düğün hazırlıkları, kına gecesi ve düğünle devam eder; duvak açma ile sona erer. Her biri ayrı bir merasim ol...

Hawthorn, scientifically known as Crataegus spp., belongs to the Rosaceae family and has fruit that is spherical to oval in shape, with colors ranging from yellow, orange, red, purple, to black. The main centers of genetic diversity of this genus are forests, thickets, and protected plant areas from Turkey to Iran. There are over a thousand species...

The Republic of Armenia signed the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in 1999 but found it unconstitutional in 2004. After constitutional amendments in 2005 and 2015, the issue resurfaced. In March 2023, Armenia's Constitutional Court declared the Statute constitutional, allowing the continuation of the ratification process. This coul...

The paper aims to determine the various variables affecting property crimes (theft, robbery, burglary) in the South Caucasus (Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia). For this purpose, we used panel data from three countries - registered property crimes from 1997-2018. Through the first difference estimator of the GMM, we studied the effect of deterrence...

The Republic of Azerbaijan's climate is changing, and the signs of shortcomings with the water resources are everywhere, and predominantly associated problems are getting increasingly severe. In turn, the synoptic weather systems leading to decreasing low precipitation levels due to climate change have aggravated the country's water scarcity in rec...

A study of lichen collections in BAK and LE revealed three new to Azerbaijan species of Megasporaceae, Aspicilia coronata (A. Massal.) B. de Lesdain, A. rosacea Hue, and Sagedia zonata Ach. Morphological characters, secondary chemistry and distribution of the species are discussed. A combination Circinaria coronata (A. Massal.) Wirth, Hauck et M. S...

Beginning with the Cooperation Summits in 1992, the Turkish Speaking Countries carried on with the Turkic Council in 2010 and the Organization of Turkic States in 2021. With the victory in Karabakh, they are headed toward becoming a significant regional player in the geopolitics of Asia, the Caucasus, and Europe. Following the victory, Turkish stat...

The article explores the history of religious education in Azerbaijan, highlighting the development of mad-rasahs in the region following the spread of Islam. It notes that many prominent figures emerged from those institutions , and Azerbaijani scholars made significant contributions to Islamic culture. However, after Azerbaijan was occupied by Ts...

The current article deals mainly with the suprasentential units in English and their characteristic peculiarities. Some viewpoints of western, Russian and Azerbaijani linguists are discussed here. One of the important matters discussed here is to distinguish the notions “text” and “suprasentential units”, which was possible owing to the viewpoints...

Burial customs such as inhumation and cremation were studied in a large number of kurgans, stone-box and earthen graves belonging to Khojaly-Gadabay, Nakhchivan and Talish - Mughan archaeological cultures in Azerbaijan, as well as cenotaph and skeletonless graves were studied. The dead were buried in different directions, situations, alone, in pair...

In this work 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1-(4-(phenyldiazenyl)phenyl)-1H-imidazole was synthesized using a single-step method under microwave conditions with the presence and absence of a catalyst. The structure of the synthesized compound was analyzed and confirmed using 1 H, 13 C NMR and IR spectroscopy methods. Ionic liquid catalysts (1,4 d...