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I dissolved the 5 Kg of sample in 40 liters of water and left it for 24 hours. Then I used a pump to collect the supernatant liquid without disturbing the sediment and then filtered it for any impurities.
I repeatedly evaporated half of the water(40->20->10->5) and decanted the solution after sedimentation with the help of a transfer pump four times. After that, with further evaporation followed by sedimentation, some grainy crystals of salt(table salt size) were formed, and the supernatant liquid was removed with the help of a pipette (filtration could not be done due to the viscosity of the solution). I found that this salt was KCl and it was present in good amount in the solution (though there could be other salts too) which made the resin salty (but the resin tastes bitter, not salty). In the end, I evaporated most of the water and kept the solution for 12 hours, small grainy crystals(smaller than table salt size) of KCl formed in the solution, and the consistency of the solution was such that the solution could flow slowly. Then I centrifuged the solution for 10 minutes at 1200 rpm in a 50 ml tube and found that the viscosity of the solution was low at the top and increased up to 15ml mark in the tube, after that the semi-hard settled salt present in the bottom of the tube. but the taste of the solution is still salty.
Is there any method by which we can completely remove the salt from the resin ?
I am doing research on growing rare medicinal plants using vertical farming technology, I have a few questions regarding it,
1. Is it possible to grow the medicinal plants in vertical farms?
2. How well is the medicinal value of the plants that grow in the vertical farms?
3. Any researches stating it showed a better result in vertical farms?
These are the structures from plant powders when observed under binocular microscope. Can anyone help me identify these


While going through some publications on Polyherbal formulation for the management of diabetes, I encountered a publication where goat pancreas is used as one of the ingredients in addition to plants and calcified mussel cells. Can anyone tell me the relevance of goat pancreas and also how it can be called a polyherbal formulation?
Here is the link for the paper
Are immunity enhancer medicine (Homeopathic and Ayurvedic ) helpful to prevent yourself from Corona virus?
What is the exact human dose of ghrita and medicated ghrita? Is it 12 gm according to AFI or 48 gm according to classical text.
It is said that kabasura kudineer a product of Indian traditional medicine siddha/ayurveda has some beneficial effects against covid 19 infection. I would like to know more about this.
Simple search in Google Scholar shows that since 1960-70 many articles in peer-reviewed journals have supported various desirable effects of Transcendental Meditation (TM) but some people here and there claim that the research has always bee. Funded by certain organizations and people who benefit from advertising TM and the published evidences are not so reliable. Is that really true?
I am looking to study the Ayurvedic formula Triphala, how can I purchase it from serious source in India or from Europe??
Virus is living only inside living host whereas outside the host , it remains inactive but not dead
Chemically it is a protein in combination with DNA or RNA
Can it be possible to destroy or kill it by proteolytic enzyme or any other relevant chemical
Ayurveda, the ancient Indian System of Medicine based on the philosophy of total health and wellness is a science of life with a holistic approach considering physical, psychological, philosophical, ethical, and spiritual aspects of healthcare. Ayurveda is a very logical science based on basic scientific principles. The ancient wisdom of Ayurveda is based on time-tested theories proven by observation, trial and error and experimentation. Like most traditional medicine systems, it was developed and refined over thousands of years, using observation and experience. Ayurvedic therapies have been practiced for thousands of years much before the development of placebo controlled experiments. The science of Ayurveda does not only depend upon the symptoms but believes in a thorough examination to discover the root cause of the ailment and instead of suppressing the symptoms, Ayurvedic therapy focuses on finding the reasons for the underlying symptoms. Despite lack of much clinical research on Ayurveda, many of the system’s principles and practices are now recognized and used in conventional medical settings. Herbs used in Ayurvedic medicine, such as tumeric, ginger, and neem, are now recognized as beneficial for heart health and as antioxidant-boosters. There are many evidences, which support Ayurveda performances better than Western medicine, mainly in case of chronic diseases. In retrospection of these facts, do Ayurvedic medicines need modern scientific scrutiny and validation?
Market chain from raw materials to manufacturing of consumer products to consumption of those products
Since anti-coagulants are used for the cardiac problems. So instead of relying on Aspirin or other blood thinners, can we shift to herbal medicine, which will be safer as compared to their chemical counterpart?
My partner and I will be truly grateful for your insights to the following:
(1) The mechanism behind Bacopa's hyperaccumulation of heavy metals
(2) Identification of the chemical compounds in the plant that may possess high affinity towards heavy metals
(3) Possibility that such compounds may be extracted and used in chelation therapies
Please do refer me to pertinent studies, both completed and ongoing (especially those containing detailed methodologies that aim to (1) extract and isolate natural chelating agents and/or (2) measure the efficacy of chelating agents).
Sincere thanks!
if we are working in traditional plants or foods or ayurvedic medicine is there is need to file IND application for clinical trials
The observations reveals that Vamana & Virechana Karma followed by Ayurvedic drugs is found beneficial in the patient of Psoriasis. Side by side, it also pacifies the other associated complaints of the patient. Thus, the therapeutic approach, which is used in this patient found to be very safe, cost effective and improve the overall health status of the patient. This observation is not finally conclusive but it is a lead for further study. In this regard provide us with a larger population based data on above study and give your views on the same.
I am planning to make a research on the history of instruments, utensils and materials of ayurvedic therapies, e.g. swedana, shirodhara, udvartana, abhyanga, etc. This project has the following goals:
1.- Compare the instruments and utensils used in ayurvedic therapies from ancient times in India to those one used nowadays. For example, when ayurvedic therapies were described in old ayurvedic texts there were no plastic objects, electricity, ... Perhaps today the use of artificial materials is damaging the results of these therapies.
2. - Analyse the possible consequences of those changes mentioned in point 1.
3.- Study the exact recommendations about the use of certain materials and instruments given in the most relevant ayurvedic texts, i.e. Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita and Ashtanga Hrdaya. Contrast this information with the ayurvedic practice from ancient times to the present.
4.- Determine the materials the different ayurvedic utensils and instruments are made of and analyse how their quality depends, for example, on the social position of the patient, etc.
Thank you
I want to carry out a research on the material history of Ayurveda. In this sense we would like to study the instruments, utensils and materials used for ayurvedic therapies, including surgery, as well as those involved in the preparation of ayurvedic medicines (Rasashastra). Due to the vast information covered by these aspects, we can distinguish three sections in this research:
1. Material history of ayurvedic therapies (e.g. swedana, abhyanga, udvartana, kizhis, pizhicil, etc.)
2. Material history of ayurvedic surgery.
3. Material history of the preparation of ayurvedic medicines (Rasashastra).
Thank you
Selection of natural substances and to use these substances to maintain the equilibrium state among the bodily constituents is the prime object of treatment of the traditional system of medicine like Ayurveda.
Polyherbal combinations in Ayurveda.
Detoxification of Metallic mercury to from Ayurvedic medicines.
For example, Why does the curd turn blue if the Tamra bhasma is toxic and how do we know that turning blue indicates toxicity?
Phytoconstituents and herbal extracts are known to act through multiple complex pathways, there may be some phytoconstituents which can act through HPA axis leading to down-regulation of corresponding gene/protein.
Ayurveda has concept of Rasa, Vipaka, & Virya which may be correlated with Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. And here I want to know how can we correlate the AVASTHHA -PAK, NISTHAA-PAK (A stages of Ayurvedic pharmacokinetics) with phases of metabolism.
Phase -I & II are the stages of metabolism in which body try to make the xenobiotic more polar so that it can get eliminated as soon as possible. Since the product of these phases of metabolism may also acts a active pharmaceutical moiety (e.g. in case of prodrug).
Since ayurveda explains the concept of "Aasthapak and Nishtapak" about oral transformation of drug, so the question arises for Ayurvedic views about pharmacokinetics for non oral routes.
Hello everyone,
I'm planning to conduct a systematic review with meta analysis of Effect of Ayurvedic medicine in Hypertension. There is already a shortage of RCTs in Ayurveda. I'd highly appreciate if anyone can suggest me some RCTs done in the field of Ayurvedic medicine.Thanks!
Hi,
I'm working on meta analysis of Ayurvedic treatments for cholesterol and hypertension. I've been struggling to find a good number of quality RCTs in Ayurveda. Its not that there aren't many studies, they just lack the methodological robustness. Has it changed lately?
Herbal medicines are prepared by a standard method in Ayurveda and its efficacy is tested by animal experiments. Sometimes animal experiments are excluded and the herbal medicine is prepared in different batches. These batches are analyzed by HPTLC, or other methods. How can these samples be analyzed statistically .e.g Three batches of a herbal tablet are prepared, how can we analyze them statistically?
How could one evaluate the haematinic activity of Lauha Bhasma using in vitro techniques?
Do we need Ethics committee approval and CTRI registration for Observational studies (Simplified PMS study) for Ayurvedic medicines.?
Swarasa is the Indian term for this, could someone give me the other term?
Cows milk is used in preparing different Ayurvedic medicines .i came across a reference in preparation of a medicine where only milk of a primipara (Given birth to a calf for the first time) cow is to be used.This certainly proves the indepth studies of the ancient scholars to observe such minute differences without any advanced technological aids.
- Please give your opinions after considering the following points. [look at the PDF file bellow]
- Controversy:
- In most of ayurvedic literatures which have been translated in modern times (after 1600 AD) “Tiniśa” has been recognized with Ougeinia oojeinensis (Roxb.) or O. dalbergioides (Benth.), belonging to family Leguminoseae by various reputed authors. In Ayurvedic fraternity Tiniśa even does not come under controversial drugs due to its strong authorized identity as mentioned before.
- But a thin yarn of controversy was emerged when an author, Balakrishna Gowda recognized Melastoma malabathricum L. as “Thimisah” in his book ‘Vanaspati Kosha’ [1] and again this controversy gained some blaze of wind when NMPB (National Medicinal Plant Board) of India in its website [2] mentioned “Tinisah” as the Sanskrit name of Melastoma malabathricum L. under the section of Folklore plants. The irony is that NMPB has also mentiond Ougeinia oojeinensis as the biological source of Tiniśa under the section of Ayurvedic plants.
- Logical discussion:
- CSIR in ‘The Wealth of India’ [3] had recognized Ougeinia oojeinensis (Roxb.) as synonym of O. dalbergioides (Benth.) and considered it as a biological source of ‘Tinsa’ along with its trade name ‘Sandan’ which are the vernacular name of Tiniśa.
- Shri Bapālāl Vaidya in ‘Nighantu Ādarsa’ [4] recognized Ougeinia oojeinensis as synonym of O. dalbergioides (Benth.) and considered as the biological source of ‘Tinisa’. He even clarified & discussed about the various synonyms of the same plant as follows.
- Tinisa: Because of its long life it can pass many nights (Nishi) or it is blackish.
- Rathdru: Its wood is useful in making of chariot.
- Chitrakut: Even though this tree is not very large in size but because of its steady and long living nature it amazes all.
- All these Sanskrit synonyms fit perfectly to O. dalbergioides (Benth.). But M. malabathricum L. does not fit into the scaffold of these Sanskrit synonyms.
- First of all, habit of Melastoma malabathricum L. is shrub or under shrub (4-5 ft. in height) and its stem does not develop a rigid form of wood. So there is no question of its use in making of chariot.
- It’s true that being a shrub size of M. malabathricum L. plant is small. But it is neither very firm (strong) on its stem (or on soil) nor it enjoys the life for a prolong period of times.
- Fresh plants (stem/ leaf) of M. malabathricum L. do not seemed to be blackish in its natural habitat. But stem of O. dalbergioides (Benth.) evidently appears to be blackish in its natural habitat.
- Ougeinia oojeinensis (Roxb.) or O. dalbergioides (Benth.) had also been considered as authentic source of Tiniśa in number of other ayurvedic literatures such as
- Bhāvprakāsh Nighantu of Sri Bhāvmisra [5] by Prof. KC Chunekar;
- Kaiyadeva Nighantu [6] by Prof. Priyavrata Sharma & Guruprasād Sharma;
- Rāja Nighantu of Pandit Narahari [7] by Dr. Indradev Tripathi;
- Dravyaguna Vijńāna [8] by Prof. PV Sharma;
- Indian Materia Medica [9] by Dr. KM Nadkarni;
- Dravyaguna Vijńāna [10] by Gyanendra Pandey;
- References:
- Gowda Balakrishna. Vanaspathi Kosha. 1st ed. Kalpatharu Research Academy; Sringeri: 2004. p. 121.
- www.nmpb.nic.in ª Indian Medicinal Plants ª Search in Folk.
- Anonymous. The Wealth of India. Vol. 7. Council of Scientific & Industrial Research; New Delhi: 2001, p. 195-196.
- Bapālāl Vaidya. Nighantu Ādarsa. Vol. 1. Choukhambha Bharati Academy; Varanasi: 2007, p. 389.
- Chunekar KC. Bhāvprakāsh Nighantu of Sri Bhāvmisra. Chaukhambha Bharati Academy; Varanasi: 2013. p. 536.
- Sharma Priyavrata, Sharma Guruprasad. Kaiyadeva Nighantu. 1st ed. Chaukhambha Orientalia; Varanasi: 1979. p. 152.
- Tripathi Indradev. Rāja Nighantu of Pandit Narahari. Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy; Varanasi: 2003.
- Sharma PV. Dravyaguna Vijńāna. Vol. 4. Chaukhambha Bharati Academy; Varanasi: 2003. p. 191.
- Nadkarni KM. Indian Materia Medica. Vol. 1. Popular Prakashan Private Limited; Mumbai: 2009. p. 561.
- Pandey Gyanendra. Dravyaguna Vijńāna. Vol. 3. Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy; Varanasi: 2004. p. 646.
- Tiniśa:
- Botanical name : Ougeinia oojeinensis (Roxb.) Hochn.
- Family : Leguminoseae-Fabaceae
- Classical name : Tiniśa
- Sanskrit names: Syandana, Nemi, Cakrasamvarana, Asmagarbhaka, Tiniśa, Rathadru, Vanjula, Rathavrksa.
- Regional names: Sandan, Chhanan (Hindi); Tinish (Beng.); Tinas(Mar.); Syandan (Maha.); Tanachh (Guj.); Tella motuku(Tel.); Narivengai(Tam.); Malavinna (Mal.); Kurimutal(Kann.) ; Anjan (Uriya).
- Description: Medium-sized deciduous trees; bark thin, grey or pale brown, blaze streaked with red. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, stipulate petioles 5-15 cm. long; leaflets broadly elliptic-obovate, acute 6-5 Î 3-9 cm; glaucous above, finely pubescent below, entire or obscurely crenate. Flowers in axillary racemes, fascicled at the nodes of old wood; bracts scale-like. Calyx 3-4 mm., tube campanulate; teeth small, 2 upper teeth connate, lower ones longer than laterals. Corolla white or pink, exerted 8-13 mm. long, standard orbicular wings spurred and slightly connate to the obtuse keal. Stamens 9-1, diadelphous. Pods linear-oblong, flat 5-10 cm. long, 2-5 jointed; seeds reniform.
- Flowering and fruiting time: Plant flowers in February- April and fruits in April- June. Generally flowering is during spring season and fruiting season is summers.
- Distribution: Plant occurs in mixed forests in various provinces; Uttar Pradesh, Central India (Madhya pradesh).
- Chemical composition: The bark contains tannin 7%. A kino-like exudation from the incised bark is obtained. The heartwood contains a dimethoxy-7-methoxy-6-methyl isoflavanone. Heartwood contains homeferreirin and oujenin.
- Pharmacodynamics:
- Rasa : Kasaya
- Guna : Laghu, rurksa
- Virya : Sita
- Vipāka : Katu
- Dosakarma: Kaphapittasamaka.
- Properties and action:
- Karma : Mutrasangrahaniya
Sothahara, kusthaghna, medohara
Vranaropana
Rasayana
Stambhana
Sonitasthapana
DahapraSamana
Jvaraghna.
- Roga : Prameha
Sotha-kustha-Svitra-vrana
Atisara-pravihika-raktatisara
Raktavikara-raktapitta
Dourbalya.
- Therapeutic uses:
- The drug Tinisa is mutrasangrahaniya (antidiuretic) and useful (bark and heart-wood) in prameha (group of urinary anomalies).
- It is useful in diarrhoea, dysentery, blood diseases, intrinsic haemorrhage, kustha, debility, inflammation, ulcers, fever, burning sensation and ailments caused by aggravation of kapha and pitta dosa. It also belongs to rasayana drugs.
- Externally the drug is applied as paste over ulcers, inflammation, leucoderma and kustha.
- The drug is used in anaemia (pandu), worms (krimi) and obesity (meda). The bark is used as a febrifuge and also as fish poison. The kino-like exudation from the incised bark is used in diarrhoea and dysentery.
- Tinisa (sandan) wood leaves and bark are also economically useful (including timber, cordage and cattle fodder, implements etc.).
- Parts used: Heartwood, bark.
- Dose: Decoction 50-100 ml.
- Group(gana): Sālasārādigana (Suśruta Samhita).
- References:
- Susruta Samhita: uttar, 40/119 [ raktātisar]
- Carak Samhita: cikitsā, 7/95; 7/98 [ kustha]
- Carak Samhita: cikitsa, 1-2/12
- Nighantu Sesh: Vrikskanda.
- Bhāvaprakāsh Nighantu: Vatadi varga, 76.
- Kaiyādeva Nighantu: Ousadhi varga, 815-817.
- Rāja Nighantu: Prabhadrādi varga, 114- 115
Is infrared rays can be used after oil massage? If used what precautions should be taken?
what will be the duration and course?
In recent year number of studies are published in biomedical journals which are related with animal model. I am looking to trial some Ayurvedic Rasayana formulation in aged one in general or a particular disease. Can any one guide us possible biomarkers in general or a particular disease to assess the clinical efficacy of Rasayana drug in aged one.
Many Ayurvedic preparations work / contain pre-probiotics . How would the regulatory authorities view proprietary Ayurvedic medicines?
Root culture of Psoralea corylifolia
Vamana, virechana and basti are indicated in a prameha (diabetic (mellitus)) patients. When should we administer Vamana karma?
I intend to test the drug on mice models of diabetes and the drug i intend to use is an ayurvedic medicine and hence the active component is unknown to me. i do plan to do a chromatographic analysis to separate out its components. but am confused as to what path to follow so as to determine its mode of action.
Is there any protocol over determining herbal drugs' specification?
Please give me some ideas about dose fixation for an extract for its therapeutic effect.
I would like to investigate the relationship between pain and Naadi (a significant parameter used to diagnose diseases in Indian medicinal procedures in Sidha, Ayurvedha and Naturopathy). Does anyone have any information on it?
I've a group of patients responding well to ashwagandha
A 30 yrs male with scalp wound filled with maggots was successfully treated by picking up the maggots followed by dressing with turpentine oil and oral Ivermectine. But history revealed that he is having recurrent attacks of scalp wound with maggots almost every rainy seasons. Why wounds and maggots re-occur?

Please share your views on the quality evaluation/standardization of Ayurveda and other traditional formulations for better and consistent results
Do nutraceuticals and ayurvedic products/herbal products pass the animal and human trials before coming into the market? It is understandable that big products such as "Cystone" for himalaya have been tested but what about numerous others?
What kind of regulations control these kinds of products?
Does anybody know how we can decide which macro algae would be useful to cure an exact disease?