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When will large passenger drones powered by hydrogen engines and controlled by artificial intelligence be developed, mass produced and available to the public?
As part of the rapid technological progress that is taking place, new technological solutions, innovations and patents are being developed for use in various sectors of the economy and are improving manufacturing, production and service processes. On the other hand, due to the progressing process of global warming, the growing scale of natural resources consumption, the necessity to accelerate the processes of achieving the goals of sustainable development, the processes of green transformation of the economy, achieving the goals of environmental and climate policy, increasing the scale of protection of the planet's biosphere, biodiversity and climate, the demand for new eco-innovations and green technologies is growing. In the situation of combining new information technologies and Industry 4.0 with eco-innovations and green technologies, new opportunities arise for the application of new integrated, complex technological solutions and for increasing the effectiveness of the implementation of sustainable development goals and carrying out processes of green transformation of the economy, including the green transformation of the energy sector. The green transformation of the energy sector is mainly implemented through the development of renewable and emission-free energy sources. In addition, as part of the implementation of the plan to create a zero-carbon economy, it is also necessary to carry out a green transformation of the transport sector and this in all transport segments, i.e. land, water and air transport. As part of the green transformation of the air transport sector, new technological solutions are being developed to enable the use of engines to power aircraft based on solar energy or generated by burning hydrogen in oxygen. The future of powering large transport, passenger and space aircraft is hydrogen power. On the other hand, increasingly large drones are also being built, which are currently powered by electric motors that draw on electricity stored in batteries that need to be recharged. However, this may change in the future. With the combination of new technologies already being developed and tested in aviation, it will be possible to build, for example, large personal drones powered by hydrogen engines and controlled by artificial intelligence, so that they can be flown using autonomous automatic control, i.e. autopilot. In a hydrogen-powered situation, these would also be fully zero-emission, pro-climate and pro-environmental aircraft that could fly at low altitudes. This would greatly facilitate local transport over non-long distances, both passenger and freight. Such improvements in local air transport would be particularly important in areas where there are no airports, where there is no well-developed second-hand network and where, at the same time, people live in settlements far from large cities, in remote villages and small towns and in areas of strict nature conservation without the possibility of using vehicles with combustion engines.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
When will large personal drones powered by hydrogen engines and controlled by artificial intelligence be developed, mass produced and available to citizens?
And what is your opinion on this?
What is your opinion on this subject?
Please respond,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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\It is feasible to developed technically but its economic feasibility needs improvement for the present prototype to be available in public domain.
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When will the green transformation include avionics? When will hydrogen-oxygen-fueled aircraft be developed? When will emission-free aviation based on hydrogen-oxygen jet technology be developed? When will passenger and cargo planes powered by hydrogen-oxygen jet engines be built?
Since space shuttles, which were already built several decades ago, flew to the planet's orbit and were powered by hydrogen-oxygen fuel, it should be technically possible to build passenger and cargo planes powered by hydrogen-oxygen jet engines.
With the urgent transition to a zero-carbon economy, there is growing pressure to extend the green transition to avionics as well, i.e. to build zero-emission, zero-greenhouse-gas-emitting aircraft, and hydrogen-oxygen jet engines are such a solution. In the future, as part of the zero-carbon economy, such technological solutions should become widespread, and thus the green transformation should also include the aviation sector. The question then arises, when will this happen? When will avionics also be pro-environmentally transformed as part of the pro-environmental transformation of the economy and reduction of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere?
Is it possible to build passenger and cargo aircraft powered by hydrogen-oxygen jet engines?
Is it possible to build transcontinental space passenger aircraft powered by hydrogen-oxygen jet engines?
Is it possible to also build small jet passenger and cargo aircraft powered by hydrogen-oxygen engines?
Will avionics also be pro-environmentally transformed as part of a pro-environmental transformation of the economy and reduction of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere?
When will the green transformation also include avionics?
When will emission-free aviation be established?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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When will emission-free aviation be established?
I presume it is viable, likely to be the case, because this is being studied, on the process of to bring to functionality. My son Damon, understandably on the process of through team.
Regards,
Fatema Miah
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1.Maybe some sort of idea on the avionic system.
2.Development of mock-up for learning purpose.
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You can develop a navigation system based on the ones of commercial aircrafts, drones or rockets, but applicable to some design team of your University. This way you can learn and have a good idea on how to develop systems based on real requirements, and your model will be employed by a team representing your University in a competition.
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In the flying car infrastructure development following are some of the high level major challenges:
  • Network
  • Connectivity
  • Interoperability
  • Security
Is 5G and Ethernet sufficient enough to connect, communicate & helpful to enable cyber security for 500 million vehicles in a model smart city infrastructure?
Expecting experts POV.
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It all starts with clocks of the network. We need very stable and precise clocks, and we need low latency protocols.
One ITU-T FG NET2030 group is reviewing issues, challenges and opportunities for networks in 2030. Questions include IP or not IP, low latency, and many more aspects
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In general as well as specific to automotive and avionics domain, for the efficient and secured system use case:
  1. Motion control precision plays a vital role in getting a precise and repeatable system to avoid e.g. collision on the road, and critical scenarios in avionics system in the air.
  2. Speed at nanometer level resolution can help in identifying the objects correctly that guides function enabler through a process to activate the right function.
In a complex embedded system, controlling latency and jittering has become very much relevant to address above use case scenarios 1 and 2.
There is huge ongoing industrial bubbles and adaptation also is going on with Ethernet along with Flexray, CAN and LIN.
But keeping multiple network protocols and increasing number of ECUs in mind, Ethernet as it is doesn't look sufficient to consider in system design to address the above mentioned use cases 1 & 2 in long term.
In connected and autonomous vehicle context, one of the solution is TSN to control near to convincing level of latency, at the same time many researcher bubbling about 5G for connected and smart vehicles as well.
Here the question: is TSN +5G can address the above 2 use cases?
Experts logical PoVs are expected.
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"2. Speed at nanometer level resolution" : nanometer cannot be a correct unit for speed, but only for length, distance, or position. Speed is measured e.g. in m/s .
Assuming you mean "position" : there are currently no devices that claim to establish position of a vehicle at the nanometer, and no use case where this would be useful in the automotive or avionics domain.
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How effective will it be to peruse on-line MSc. courses in the field of Aeronautical Engineering (Avionics). If good then please be kind enough to suggest be some recommended universities good for such program.
Your suggestion are highly appreciated.
Thank you.
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Its is surely undeniably that the effectiveness of hand on learning session in an university is much more than an online course. However, I was looking for some means to develop my scholastic career parallel to my profession.
Furthermore, thank you for your valuable suggestions and helping me out.
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Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) is a key avionics technology used for aviation cooperative surveillance (i.e., aircraft separation assurance and collision avoidance). However, the absence of adequate security features makes this system vulnerable to a number of cyber-physical threats (jamming, spoofing, meaconing, etc.). What technological solutions can be introduced to address this challenge?
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Dear Charles,
Thank you very much for your message and for the valuable documents. I am also very actively involved in this line of research. A recent paper on GNSS performance threats and augmentation strategies in aviation was recently published in JPAS (for convenience, the link is provided below):
In addition to addressing GNSS issues, it would be nice working together and investigating the feasibility of specific safety features that could be included in the ADS-B data-link as well.
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I'm creating a network of an avionics architecture with CAN-bus, how could I simulate that arch? (e.g. Labview?)
Thanks!
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For simulating avionics architectures, it is important to first understand the level of integration of the platform. If the set of parameters that usually travel along databuses is well delimited and the knowledge of the systems behavior is reasonable, the MATLAB/SIMULINK tools are useful. It becomes a hurdle as the complexity of the architecture increases. For example, for Human-machine interfaces in avionics applications, you can try to use the VAPS XT that shake-hands with the Mathworks products. 
The attached link can guide you on this matter. 
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I am curious whether there exists a systematic literature (both systematic mapping or systematic literature study) review about the use of software architecture styles such as e.g. SOA or layered architecture in the safety-critical embedded systems domain. This includes automotive, avionic, railway, industry 4.0, and cyber-physical systems.
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Hello Stefan,
As far as I known there is no SLR on that topic, so it is an interesting one to approach. What I found is the work in [1].
Regards,
[1] Dersten, S., Axelsson, J., Froberg, J. Effect analysis of the introduction of AUTOSAR - A systematic literature review (2011) Proceedings - 37th EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications, SEAA 2011, art. no. 6068350, pp. 239-246.
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Hi everybody,
I would be glad if you could explain me the reason why monel alloy, composed by nichel and copper, doesn't suffer of corrosion problem, even though copper is more electronegative compare to nichel...
for exemple in avional alloys, made of alluminium and copper, corrosion resistance is low because of the difference in electronegativity between the 2 elements in favour of copper.
thanks in advance
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HI, I am doing a project based in ADS-B , but now having difficuilty in finding source or generation of ADS-B packets. Can anybody have any suggestion regarding the same. Something like some software or some ADS-B data dumps which are collected by individuals or organizations.
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Hi Karthik, the website attached has a detailed guide on the process of decoding ADS-B packets. To generate your own packets it is simply the same process in reverse. I hope this is helpful.
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To see the aerosol from avionic pollution in an area of 25 sq.km 
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Hi Arun, I would suggest you to have a look at some of the options available via the NASA Air Quality webinars. I have attached a link.
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I need to perform observation for land 10X10Km? So what is the specification of the UAV  and  camera that need to do this work?
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I agree with most of what was already mentioned. Just to give you a structured approach:
1. Start by clearly defining the task, properly selecting measurable objectives that you can quantify in terms of sensor, craft and support equipment performance (e.g. what coverage, what resolution [spatial & temporal], what type information [e.g. topographical, vegetation, obstacle/construction, etc..], what degree of navigation/georeferencing, etc..), what data treatment requirements - btw, in this step it may also pay to compare to other than UAS means to collect the data; maybe you even find out that driving out there might be cheaper/faster...)
2. Select a sensor/combination of sensors that can provide the required data based on objectives (e.g. visual, IR, multispectral, SAR, LiDAR, etc..; but also position sensors e.g. GPS, radar altimeter, doppler/IN, etc...)
3. Select a craft that can carry the selected sensors while at the same time providing performance IAW your task criteria (e.g. enough speed, enough endurance, proper launch and recovery, etc...) and select required support structures
4. Based on previous selections, sketch a plan of operation and evaluate feasibility in terms of fulfillment of task (are the objectives met), requirements and limitations of operation (under which conditions [e.g. day/VFR only, less than XY wind, etc..] can be operated), legal and regulatory compliance (e.g. is the selected solution legal and what has to be done to get operating approval), and contingencies
5. With the evaluation results from 4. repeat and fine-tune the entire cycle until optimal solution is achieved
Also, if cost/time/man-hour requirements are factors, they may be reflected in some objectives in 1. or also be evaluated in 4.
Somewhat mission planning in a nutshell (;)), but I hope that helps...
Stefan
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I want to use the nonlinear model of the "Ultra Stick 25E RC" aircraft. there is a missing parameter which is the thrust Tm. Several works have been developed above, I want to know where they found it.
Thanks
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yes, 
thank you
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Greetings.
I am working on a Systems Engineering project. As a team, we have to find the reliability, availability and maintainability figures or values for different components in an aircraft. For example: powerplant, avionics, airframe structure, fuel system, flight control and electrical systems. Since, the data on these systems are hard to find in a public domain; any amount of help on how or where to find these values would be greatly appreciated. Looking forward to some positive response.
Have a good day.
T Vijayan
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Hi
You can find these data in the links below:
Nonelectronic Parts Reliability Data
Electronic Parts Reliability Data
But you have to pay to access it.
 
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How can the propeller slipstream-induced yawing effect on a General Aviation aircraft be estimated with only limited geometric information available?
Any references to existing literature dealing with this would be helpful.
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There's also an ESDU data sheet dedicated to Propeller effects, ESDU 85015.  Even though the title says effects on lift and drag, it also includes methods that can be extended to yaw.
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I am in need to validate the codes for aeroacoutics computational simulation.
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Hi Geen Paul V,
I have a PDF file that I think it could be useful for you.
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A detail description or parameters taken would be helpful as well.
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Read the TCAS rules and generate the conditions for flight navigation. Firstly make the conditions or rules mentioned in the form of logical equations or mathematical equations and generate a pseudo code or algorithm 
Then you can develop matlab code from the pseudo code
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I am working on an Aeroacoustics Competency Development Program.
As I don't have much solid experience on Aeroacoustics and its allied processes, I would like to know which will be the best way to start with.
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Hello Green
This is my collection of aeronautical books:
I hope it will be helpful.
Pass : Lahidjan_Sadatmahalleh
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How the the  aircraft Calculator makes correlation between the same parameters furnished by different radionav equipments to give an accurate data. I know the kalman filter is used but i want to know more and how is realized actually and nearly real time.
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There are several books on Kalman filtering and integrated navigation that would give you the answers, at least in part--This book by Paul Groves is the state of the art:
and the book by Britting is the classic on inertial integration:
The Kalman filter is a state observer (or Luenberger observer) or estimator that minimizes the variance of the state estimate obtained from measurements. It is able to do so in real time because it is implemented recursively--it doesn't take very much of computing or memory in each step--relative to what a batch optimization method would take for example.
Thus, the Kalman filter simply takes the various measurements in a suitable coordinate frame as output equations (e.g., y(k)=Cx(k)+D1u(k) +v) with measurement noise v, and estimates the state of the system x(k+1)=Ax(k)+B1u(k)+B2w(k) with state x and process noise w. This is usually done in the body frame of the aircraft, and then transformed suitably to LLH (latitude longitude, height), NEH (north, east, height with some local origin), or ECEF (earth centered earth fixed--usually used in GPS and satellites)  coordinates to aid the flight control and flight management systems. The state of the aircraft, or most any vehicle, is typically its 3 components each of position, velocity, attitude, and angular velocity.
The execution time for a Kalman filter on a commercial aircraft was under 5 milliseconds even in the 1990s. It assumes that the governing dynamics of the body are linear differential or difference equations, and that the measurement noise and process noise are normally distributed.
These are strong assumptions, and certainly not true for an aircraft, whose dynamics are nonlinear--as with any rigid body governed by the Euler equations. However, most aircraft operate in the regime of linear dynamics and linear aerodynamics, i.e., they mostly fly at small angles of attack in ascent or descent, and mostly straight and level. While measurement noise is normally distributed in many cases, especially when produced by circuitry (Johnson noise, shot noise and flicker), process noise is seldom well characterized, and depends upon the context, and the aspects of dynamics we choose to ignore. However, when when high sampling frequencies are available for measurements, vehicle dynamics can be approximated by simpler models to great effect.
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I want to know how we determine in practice the RCS depending on the target shape and characteristics especially the case we this target is tracked the first time. I know that this parameter RCS is parameter that can help,the air controller to determine the target type (airfighter, transport aircraft, drone....).
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Hi Abdelhakim,
complex, very complex problem! And particularly when you want to measure the RCS of complex targets such as an aircraft
The RCS is independant of the distance, and mainly depends on the radar frequency and intrinsic parameters of your target: size, dielectric properties of the material, surface roughness, etc. And it is dependant on the orientation of the target vs radar
So if you want to know the RCS of an aircraft, it is not a single value, because it depends on the orientation of the observation (typically two angles are used: azimuth and elevation)
Raphaël
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it was long back in 2007-2008. Better is that you disclose some details or ask some specific queries otherwise beating around the bush will fetch nothing