Auger - Science topic

After a deep reasoning, it comes out to the inevitable conclusion that those protons with this additional energy received by the detector corresponds to an inherent energetic property of the same protons which is very notorious and evident at high energies. It is evident at high energies because in this range of energy the scientists expect tha...

After a deep reasoning, it comes out to the inevitable conclusion that those neutrinos with high energy (mass equivalent) received by the detector corresponds to an inherent energetic property of the same neutrinos which is very notorious and evident at the detector. It is evident and amazing with the neutrinos with high energy because in this...

Colloidal chemistry methods have made quasi 2D perovskites readily accessible. Ultrathin perovskites exhibit charge transport properties which are beneficial for solar cells and the combination of layers with different thicknesses directs charge carriers toward thicker layers with a smaller bandgap. However, detailed knowledge about the mechanisms...

Efficiency and emission rate are two traditionally conflicting parameters in radiation detection, and achieving their simultaneous maximization can significantly advance ultrafast time‐of‐flight (ToF) technologies. In this study, it is demonstrated that this goal is attainable by harnessing the giant oscillator strength (GOS) inherent to weakly con...

The slow cooling of hot carriers (HCs) is essential for realizing HC‐based solar cells, transistors, and photodetectors, as it enhances the extraction efficiency of HCs’ excess energy. Recently, perovskites have gathered attention due to their long HC cooling times, but face challenges such as toxicity and low air stability. Here, ultrafast transie...

The concentration of Cr, As, Fe, Ni and Cd in crude oil impacted soils and cassava plant part samples from Mmahu area in Niger Delta, Nigeria and the phytoremediation potentials of cassava were assessed. The samples were collected from three crude oil exploitation sites. In each exploitation site, five farmlands were sampled. Soil samples were coll...

The development of high-efficiency silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells is primarily dependent on optimizing interface recombination losses (J0) and series resistance components (Rs), which critically influence the cell's fill factor (FF). The hole-selective p-a-Si:H/ITO contact is optimized by coupling the graded boron-doped a-Si:H and indium...

A study to evaluate the suitability of soil for cocoa, oil palm and cashew was conducted in Ika North East and Ika South Local Government Areas, Delta State, Nigeria. Eight communities were purposefully selected for the study. Forty auger soil samples were randomly collected across each community at 0 – 20 cm and 21 – 40 cm depth respectively. The...

Understanding the infiltration potentials of soils could provide valuable insights on the water use efficiency that is site specific for an informed decision on agricultural conservation practices. The study assessed the infiltration characteristics of soil at Faculty of Agriculture demonstration farm, Ifite Ogwari. Auger and core soil samples...

The Pierre Auger Observatory, the world's largest cosmic ray detector, plays a pivotal role in exploring the frontiers of physics beyond the standard model of particle physics. By the observation of ultra-high energy cosmic rays, Auger provides critical insights into two major scenarios: super heavy dark matter and Lorentz invariance violation. Sup...

The generation and dynamics of plasmon-induced hot carriers in gold nanoparticles offer crucial insights into nonequilibrium states for energy applications, yet the underlying mechanisms remain experimentally elusive. Here, we leverage ultrafast X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to directly capture hot carrier dynamics with sub-50 fs temporal res...

The recent observation of the ultra-high-energy neutrino event KM3-230213A by the KM3NeT experiment offers a compelling avenue to explore physics beyond the Standard Model. In this work, we explore a simplest possibility that this event originates from the decay of a super-heavy dark matter (SHDM). We consider a minimal extension of the type-I sees...

Within-field soil physical and chemical heterogeneity may affect spatio-temporal crop performance. Managing this heterogeneity can contribute to improving resource use and crop productivity. A simulation experiment based on comprehensive soil and crop data collected at the patchCROP landscape laboratory in Tempelberg, Brandenburg, Germany, an area...

Measurements of anisotropies in the arrival directions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays are crucial to pinpoint their sources, which are yet to be discovered. A dipolar anisotropy in right ascension above 8 EeV has been detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory with a significance of 6.8σ. The direction of the dipole suggests an extragalactic origin...

The Offline Framework serves as a comprehensive tool for the reconstruction of measured data and simulated air showers for the Pierre Auger Observatory. Originally developed for the Surface and Fluorescence Detectors, new detectors such as the Auger Engineering Radio Array have already been successfully integrated. The development and installation...

The origin of cosmic rays of extreme energy remains unknown. The data collected over the past few decades by the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array indicate the presence of anisotropy in the distribution of their arrival directions, suggesting extragalactic astrophysical sources. However, the nature of these sources is still unsolved....

In fact, ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) represent the most energetic particles in the universe, thus reaching energies over a million times higher than man-made accelerators.However, even with decades of observations, their origins and acceleration mechanisms remain elusive. In virtue of which, recent data from experiments such as, the Pier...

The complex spatio-temporal information from shower footprints, comprised of particle arrival times and traces measured by water-Cherenkov detectors, is challenging to analyse with traditional methods but well-suited for machine learning (ML) based analyses. In this contribution, we provide an overview of the ML applications developed to leverage t...

The Pierre Auger Observatory is the most sensitive detector to primary photons with energies above 0.2 EeV providing unprecedented exposure to ultrahigh- energy (UHE) cosmic rays and specifically to UHE photons. The Observatory measures extensive air showers using a hybrid technique that combines a fluorescence detector (FD) with a ground array of...

UHECR are evalueted in the frame role of different nuclei composition. Most of the past and present models are considering proton or iron as their main currier. Some attention has been paid to the role of the UHECR light nuclei in recent years. We update here the lightest nuclei UHECR model, able to explain the nearest AGN or Star Burst sources wit...

This study investigates the relaxation mechanisms of pyrrole and pyrrole‐water clusters (C4H5N‐(H2O)n, where n=0-3 ${n = 0 - 3}$ ) following N‐2s ionization of pyrrole. Using various theoretical methods, we focus on the influence of water molecules and charge transfer on these non‐radiative relaxation pathways. Our simulations included pyrrole solv...

The Pierre Auger Observatory has conducted measurements of the energy spectrum and mass composition of cosmic rays using different methods. Utilizing both surface and fluorescence detectors (SD and FD), the Observatory provides unprecedented precision in understanding these particles. While primarily designed to measure ultra-high energy cosmic ray...

While the origins of ultra-high energy (UHE) cosmic rays (CRs) remain shrouded in uncertainty, several important milestones have been reached in recent years in the experimental study of CRs with energy above 1018 eV. Within the vast expanse of intergalactic space, turbulent magnetic fields (TMFs) are believed to pervade, and these fields could exe...

The MUSTACHE setup (MUlti-STep photofragmentation studies by Auger electron - ion Coincidences using High Energy photons) is a high-resolution electron-multi-ion coincidence system optimized for gas-phase experiments in the tender (~2-10 keV) and hard (>5 keV) X-ray range. The system integrates a high-resolution hemispherical electron analyzer with...

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) show optoelectronic properties that are highly advantageous for light‐emitting applications. Compared to polycrystalline (PC) perovskite, single‐crystal (SC) perovskite exhibits high carrier mobility, reducing ion migration and suppressing Auger recombination. However, SC perovskite light‐emitting diodes (SC‐PeLEDs)...

Understanding the effects of installation method on a deep foundation is fundamental for analyzing load test results and improving foundation design based on soil profile characteristics. This study analyzed 40 load-displacement curves of driven piles and piles bored using a manual auger, measured 20 cm in diameter and 3 or 6 m in length. Piles wer...

After a deep reasoning, it comes out to the inevitable conclusion that those neutrinos with high energy (mass equivalent) received by the detector corresponds to an inherent energetic property of the same neutrinos which is very notorious and evident at the detector. It is evident and amazing with the neutrinos with high energy because in this...

For many contemporary applications, ionizing radiation transport plays a pivotal role, requiring an accurate assessment of its impact on the exposed environment. While Monte Carlo simulations are widely considered the gold standard for accurate general-purpose coupled transport of photons, electrons and positrons in matter, discrete ordinates algor...

We introduce a three-component model to determine the fractions of the beam in the metastable 1s2s3S and 1s2s1S states as well as in the 1s2 ground state, in high-energy ( MeVu−1) He-like ion beams produced through charge stripping in foil or gas. This model extends the previous two-component model (Benis and Zouros 2016 J. Phys. B 49 235202), inco...

One-dimensional structures such as nanowires (NWs) show great promise in tailoring the rates of hot carrier thermalization in semiconductors with important implications for the design of efficient hot carrier absorbers. However, the fabrication of defect-free crystal structures and control of their intrinsic electronic properties can be challenging...

This article defines the spatial configuration of the large pre-colonial site in the present-day city of Santarém on the lower Amazon, Brazil, demonstrating a settlement pattern consisting of two villages separated by a seasonal lake. The sites Aldeia (121 ha) and Porto (89 ha) form part of the largest archaeological complex found today in any urba...

A significant problem of the sugar beet harvesting process, as the most expensive component of the entire technology, is the contamination of the root crop heap with soil, especially when machines operate on hard (over 4.0–4.5 MPa) soils, when the number of unexcavated root crops increases sharply to 13–15% and up to 40% of the root crops are dug u...

As next-generation display technologies, eco-friendly colloidal quantum dot light-emitting diodes have drawn great attention due to their excellent luminescence properties, along with their rapid development. However, practical applications of eco-friendly quantum dot light-emitting device remain challenging, primarily due to the inferior performan...

This paper exhibits application of erodibility nomograph from Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE ) in the assessment of soil erosion in two agroecological zones. Seventeen composite soil samples were collected from sites showing active erosion menace at the plough depth of 0–30 cm with the use of soil auger by random sampling method and analyzed us...

Pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) consist of an elastomeric bladder wrapped in a helical braid. When inflated, PAMs expand radially and contract axially, producing large axial forces. PAMs are advantageous because of their high specific work and specific power, as well as their ability to produce large axial displacements. The axial and radial be...

Global disparities in cancer prevention, detection, and treatment demand a unified international effort to reduce the disease’s burden and improve outcomes. Despite advances in chemotherapy and radiotherapy, many tumors remain resistant to these treatments. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have shown promise as radiosensitizers, enhancing the effectivene...

Soil fertility is crucial for plant growth as it influences root development, nutrient uptake, and overall plant health. Optimizing fertilization practices is essential for productivity and sustainability in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) cropping systems, especially on Reunion Island, where soil types and climatic conditions vary. The aim of th...

The production of the projectile $2s2p\,^{3}\!P$ and $2s2p\,^{1}\!P$ autoionizing states is investigated in 0.5-1.5 MeV/u collisions of He-like carbon and oxygen mixed-state three-component $(1s^2,1s2s\,^{3}\!S,1s2s\,^{1}\!S)$ ion beams with helium targets. The mixed-state beams are produced in the stripping systems of the 5.5~MV Demokritos tandem...

Ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) experience deflections as they traverse the Galactic magnetic field (GMF), which must be accounted for when tracing them back to their sources. After briefly summarizing our results on uncertainties in cosmic-ray deflections from the UF23 ensemble of GMF models (Unger & Farrar, 2024), we report a new preliminar...

Multiple exciton dynamics in semiconductor nanocrystals is usually characterized by the observation of changes in the fast multiexponential kinetics at the band edge transition position in transient absorption spectroscopy at varying excitation intensities. However, analysis of this complex decay dynamics is not straightforward and complicated by v...

Inappropriate land use management usually upsets soil nutrient status, leading to unsustainable crop and soil productivity. This study investigated the interactive effect of land use types and soil depth on selected soil properties, based on a case study in Ifite Ogwari, Anambra State, Nigeria. Three land use types (grassland, cassava and rice farm...

The volume of trees and branches grown in Uzbekistan is increasing year by year. Foreign experiences on processing and use of antlers are analyzed. According to the analysis, it became known that in recent years the volume of bushy tree branches in our republic has increased by 2-3 times, and there is a need to prepare and use various products from...

In the context of the continued decline in the fertility of cultivated tropical ferruginous soils, farmers in most of Niger's agricultural zone are practising FMNR to cope with soil degradation and improve their agricultural production. The present study, conducted in one of the country's main growing and generalized FMNR regions, aims to assess th...

We assume an extreme scenario, in which the arriving cosmic rays are composed of only iron nuclei at energies above $10^{19.6}\,\text{eV}\simeq40\,\text{EeV}$, while allowing a freedom in the scale of the depth of shower maximum ($X_{\rm{max}}$) and preserving the elongation rate and fluctuations of $X_{\rm{max}}$ predicted by models of hadronic in...

On the 13th February 2023 the KM3NeT/ARCA telescope observed a track-like event compatible with a ultra-high-energy muon with an estimated energy of 120 PeV, produced by a neutrino with an even higher energy, making it the most energetic neutrino event ever detected. A diffuse cosmogenic component is expected to originate from the interactions of u...

Data from multiple experiments suggest that the current interaction models used in Monte Carlo simulations do not correctly reproduce the hadronic interactions in air showers produced by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR). We have created a large library of UHECR simulations where the interactions at the highest energies are slightly modified in...

Dissociation upon sulfur 𝐾-shell excitation or ionization of SF6 is studied by sulfur 𝐿-shell emission spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation and multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock calculations of emission energies and transition rates. The decay path involves in particular Auger emission with the ejection of one or more electrons, leading to...

The rare detections of astrophysical neutrinos with energies above 5 PeV by two neutrino telescopes underscore the existence of a flux at these energies. In addition to over a decade of data taken by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, the KM3NeT neutrino telescope has recently highlighted their discovery of a possible $\mathcal{O}(100~\mathrm{PeV})$...

Slaughterhouse operations, sometimes referred to as abattoir activities, may affect soil media in a number of ways, mainly through the emission of different pollutants and the disposal of waste. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of possible trace elements in the soil from the Gariki slaughterhouse (abattoir) in...

172 Background: Up to 1/3 of pts develop biochemical relapse following primary therapy. Many are not cured with salvage local therapy, likely because of undetectable distant disease. PSMA is expressed on most PC and can be targeted by radiolabeled J591. ¹⁷⁷ Lu is a predominantly β-emitting radionuclide and also has γ emission which allows imaging....

Antimony‐119 (¹¹⁹Sb) is one of the most attractive Auger‐electron emitters identified to date, but it remains practically unexplored for targeted radiotherapy because no chelators have been identified to stably bind this metalloid in vivo. In a departure from current studies focused on chelator development for Sb(III), we explore the chelation chem...

Two dimensional (2D) √3 × √3 R30°-As, has been discovered on Ag(111)1 × 1 surface, by depositing 1 monolayer of As, keeping the silver substrate at a temperature of ∼450 °C, while a 2D 5 × 5 reconstruction, attributed to arsenene, appeared at a lower temperature of ∼350 °C. The two √3 × √3 R30°-As and 5 × 5-arsenene surface reconstructions were exp...

We present an experimental study that offers first insights into the unoccupied electronic states of a pristine ( 2 × 2 ) R 45 ∘ reconstructed Fe 3 O 4 (100) surface. We initially demonstrate the successful sample preparation by analyzing the surface periodicity and chemical composition by low-energy electron diffraction and Auger electron spectros...

Drilling parameters are intricately linked to the mechanical interactions between the drilling device and lunar regolith, significantly affecting sampling characteristics. Achieving high coring efficiency requires a deep understanding of how these parameters influence the coring rate. While experiments can characterize coring performance, they are...

We perform a theoretical investigation of the electron–surface optical phonon (SOP) interaction in Van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) formed by monolayer graphene (1LG) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), using eigenenergies obtained from the tight-binding Hamiltonian for electrons. Our analysis reveals that the SOP interaction streng...

A dedicated search for upward-going air showers at zenith angles exceeding $110^\circ$ and energies $E>0.1$ EeV has been performed using the Fluorescence Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The search is motivated by two "anomalous" radio pulses observed by the ANITA flights I and III which appear inconsistent with the Standard Model of parti...

We present a novel approach to unifying the four fundamental forces-gravity, electromagnetism, strong, and weak interactions-through a quantum-geometric framework based on an extended Lagrangian formulation. The theory begins with a rigorous foundation in set-theoretic axioms, constructing a new Gaussian number system to bridge discrete and continu...

Metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) heterostructures have important applications in vacuum microelectronic devices. Among these, graphene-insulator-semiconductor (GIS) heterostructure field electron emitters are among the most widely utilized. Improving the electron emission performance is a major challenge for GIS heterostructure field emitters. A...

This study focuses on the design, development, and performance evaluation of a motorized multi-fruit juice extraction machine constructed using locally available materials. The machine comprises two major sections: a chopping unit and an extraction unit, along with additional components such as feed hoppers, an auger conveyor housed in a cylindrica...

Diffuse photons of energy above 0.1 PeV, produced through the interactions between cosmic rays and either interstellar matter or background radiation fields, are powerful tracers of the distribution of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. Furthermore, the measurement of a diffuse photon flux would be an important probe to test models of super-heavy dark matt...

In technology, a very common helical surface is a straight closed helicoid, known as a screw. Its formation takes place by the spiral movement of the horizontal segment upwards in such a way that one of its ends crosses a vertical straight line - the axis of the auger. For an open helicoid, the formation of its surface is similar. The difference is...

We evaluate the consistency of hadronic interaction models in the CORSIKA simulation package with publicly available fluorescence telescope data from the Pierre Auger Observatory. By comparing the first few central moments of the extensive air shower depth maximum distributions, as extracted from measured events, to those predicted by the best-fit...

Thermal stress is an important factor affecting the life of a DC link capacitor (DCLC). However, relevant studies on thermal stress mechanism directly influencing the lifetime of the capacitor are rarely reported. In this paper, the heat setting and thermal stress of DCLC has been analyzed, and the relevant experimental platforms have been develope...

Understanding the spatial distribution of topsoil properties in grassland ecosystems is essential for improving soil ecosystem services, quality, and erosion resilience. The availability of free, high-resolution satellite imagery and advanced data mining techniques offers new opportunities for efficient soil property assessment. This study aimed to...

The Pierre Auger Observatory has conducted measurements of the energy spectrum and mass composition of cosmic rays using different methods. Utilizing both surface and fluorescence detectors (SD and FD), the Observatory provides unprecedented precision in understanding these particles. While primarily designed to measure ultra-high energy cosmic ray...

Dielectronic recombination resonance strengths, energy-differential cross sections, and recombination rate coefficients are calculated fully relativistically for Fe$^{2+}$ ions. The ground-state and resonance energies are determined using the multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock method. Radiative and auto-ionization rates are computed with a relat...

The discrepancy between models and data regarding the muon content in air showers generated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays still needs to be solved. The CONEX simulation framework provides a flexible tool to assess the impact of different interaction properties and thus address the muon puzzle. In this work, we present the multidimensional extens...

This study examines the use of triethylsilane (TES) as a non‐halogenated, less hazardous precursor in the Fluidized Bed ‐ Chemical Vapor Deposition (FB‐CVD) process for silicon carbide (SiC) coating on short fibers. It focuses on characterizing a pre‐matrix SiC layer over an interphase boron nitride (BN) coating, aiming to improve short‐fiber‐reinf...

The Pierre Auger Collaboration has embraced the concept of open access to their research data since its foundation, with the aim of giving access to the widest possible community. A gradual process of release began as early as 2007 when 1% of the cosmic-ray data was made public, along with 100% of the space-weather information. In February 2021, a...