Atmospheric Sciences - Science topic

The atmosphere is a highly non-linear dynamic system, where equations can present some solutions known as strange attractors since they have non-integer dimensions, or in other words, fractional volumes. The fractality in meteorology and climatology is reflected in the self-similarity at different spatial and temporal scales. For instance, atmosphe...

The Antarctic Peninsula (AP) experienced a new extreme warm event and record-high surface melt in February 2022, rivaling the recent temperature records from 2015 and 2020, and contributing to the alarming series of extreme warm events over this region showing stronger warming compared to the rest of Antarctica. Here, the drivers and impacts of the...

Gridded high-resolution climate datasets are increasingly important for a wide range of modelling applications. Here we present PISCOt (v1.2), a novel high spatial resolution (0.01°) dataset of daily air temperature for entire Peru (1981–2020). The dataset development involves four main steps: (i) quality control; (ii) gap-filling; (iii) homogenisa...

It is known that electricity consumption in many cold Northern countries depends greatly on prevailing outdoor temperatures especially during the winter season. On the other hand, recent research has demonstrated that solar wind driven energetic particle precipitation from space into the polar atmosphere can influence the stratospheric polar vortex...

Across many disciplines spanning from neuroscience and genomics to machine learning, atmospheric science, and finance, the problems of denoising large data matrices to recover hidden signals obscured by noise, and of estimating the structure of these signals, is of fundamental importance. A key to solving these problems lies in understanding how th...

Definition: Climatology is the scientific study of climate, which involves analyzing and understanding the patterns and changes in weather conditions and atmospheric phenomena over long periods of time. It encompasses a wide range of scientific disciplines, including meteorology, hydrology, oceanography, geography, and geology, and utilizes a varie...

Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas contributor to climate change; at the same time its reduction has been denoted as one of the fastest pathways to preventing temperature growth due to its short atmospheric lifetime. In particular, the mitigation of active point-sources associated with the fossil fuel industry has a strong and cost...

We studied and reconstructed a severe Central Asian dust storm of November 4, 2021, through high-resolution TROPOMI UVAI spaceborne observations, ground-based aerosol measurements, and Lagrangian particle modeling. The dust storm was caused by the front part of a cold polar anticyclone front from the Ural-Volga regions, which struck the central and...

The use of remote sensing method to accurately measure cloud properties and their spatiotemporal changes has been widely welcomed in many fields of atmospheric research. The Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences (NJIAS) Himawari-8/9 Cloud Feature Dataset (HCFD) provides a comprehensive description of cloud features over the East Asia and...

The continued interest in air pollution and stratospheric ozone variability has motivated the development of a Geostationary Environmental Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) for hourly ozone monitoring. This paper provides the atmospheric science community with the world's first assessment of GEMS total column ozone (TCO) retrieval performance and diur...

Warm-sector heavy rainfall often occurs along the coast of South China, and it is usually localized and long-lasting, making it challenging to predict. High-resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are increasingly used to better resolve topographic features and forecast such high-impact weather events. However, when the grid spacing be...

To tackle the pressing atmospheric science issues currently and in the future, a robust scientific community is necessary in all regions across the globe. Unfortunately, this does not yet exist. There are many geographical areas that are still underrepresented in the atmospheric science community, many of which are in the Global South. There are al...

Accurate assessment of coal mine methane (CMM) emissions is a prerequisite for defining baselines and assessing the effectiveness of mitigation measures. Such an endeavor is jeopardized, however, by large uncertainties in current CMM estimates. Here, we assimilated atmospheric methane column concentrations observed by the TROPOMI space borne instru...

Oscillator strengths and cross sections of the valence-shell excitations in NO 2 are of great significance in testing the theoretical calculations and monitoring the state of the ozone layer in the earth’s atmosphere. In the present work, the generalized oscillator strengths of the valence-shell excitations in NO 2 were obtained based on the fast e...

This paper aims to analyse the effectiveness of the CCWorldWeatherGen tool, in view of climate change in São Paulo city, Brazil. For this purpose, the variables air temperature (dry-bulb), air relative humidity, global horizontal solar radiation, and wind speed of the Test Reference Year (TRY) weather file, from 1954, and the weather file generated...

This study presents a novel ensemble of surface ozone (O 3 ) generated by the LEarning Surface Ozone (LESO) framework. The aim of this study is to investigate the spatial and temporal variation of surface O 3 . The LESO ensemble provides unique and accurate hourly (daily/monthly/yearly as needed) O 3 surface concentrations on a fine spatial resolut...

Climate indices are often used as a climate monitoring tool, allowing us to understand how the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme weather events are changing over time. Here, based on complex statistical analysis we identify highly correlated significant pairs of compound events at the highest spatial resolution, on a monthly temporal sc...

O número de discentes que se evadem do ensino superior devido às dificuldades com disciplinas do ciclo básico é notório em cursos de ciências exatas, geociências e ciências atmosféricas. Para o curso de Bacharel em Meteorologia, muitas vezes a falta de uma base sólida de Física e Matemática dificulta o entendimento de livros texto clássicos de disc...

Quickly intensifying tropical cyclones (TCs) are exceptionally hazardous for Atlantic coastlines. An analysis of observed maximum changes in wind speed for Atlantic TCs from 1971 to 2020 indicates that TC intensification rates have already changed as anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have warmed the planet and oceans. Mean maximum TC intensifi...

During the Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate expedition, a tethered balloon system was operated with a turbulence probe attached to study the lower troposphere in the high Arctic. Overall, measurements were conducted on 34 days between December 2019 and May 2020, resulting in 47 quality-assured sampling records...

This study explores the changing climate of the Hex River mountains, a prominent mountain range in the south-western Cape in South Africa, over the last thirty to fifty years (1972-1992-2022). This mountain range is notable for its steep gradients and historical snow cover and related snow sports. The purpose of this study was to garner the observa...

Global ultraviolet (UV) surface reflectivity climatologies are all composed from daylight passive remote sensing observations of reflected UV light, generally integrated over a distribution of attainable reflection directions. We discovered the sensitivity of Aeolus lidar surface returns (LSR) to surface characteristics, providing the first evidenc...

Over the past century, atmospheric inorganic nitrogen (IN) deposition to terrestrial ecosystems has significantly increased and caused various environmental issues. China has been one of the hotspot regions for IN deposition, yet limited data exist regarding IN deposition fluxes in China at the regional scale. In this study, based on NO 2 and NH 3...

Power system resource adequacy (RA), or its ability to continually balance energy supply and demand, underpins human and economic health. How meteorology affects RA and RA failures, particularly with increasing penetrations of renewables, is poorly understood. We characterize large-scale circulation patterns that drive RA failures in the Western U....

Sea surface temperature variability over the north tropical Atlantic (NTA) and over the subtropical northeast Pacific (SNP), which is referred to as the North Pacific Meridional Mode, during the early boreal spring is known to trigger El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The future changes of the influence of those northwestern hemispheric p...

Phase transitions of water and its mixtures are of fundamental importance in physical chemistry, the pharmaceutical industry, materials sciences, and atmospheric sciences. However, current understanding remains elusive to explain relevant observations, especially at the nanoscale. Here, by using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the di...

The future risk of tropical cyclones (TCs) strongly depends on changes in TC frequency, but models have persistently produced contrasting projections. A satisfactory explanation of the projected changes also remains elusive. Here we show a warming-induced contraction of tropical convection delays and reduces TC formation. This contraction manifests...

This paper describes a neural network cloud masking scheme from PARASOL (Polarisation and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Science coupled with Observations from a Lidar) Multi-Angle Polarimetric measurements. The algorithm has been trained on synthetic measurements and has been applied to the processing of one year of PARASOL data. Compa...

Future changes in heat wave characteristics over India have been analyzed using Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiments (CORDEX) for South Asia (SA) regional climate model simulations for mid-term (2041–2060) and long-term (2081–2099) future under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 emission scenarios, respec...

Nitrogenous organic (CHON), crucial for secondary organic aerosol (SOA), forms through poorly studied mechanisms in clouds. Our study explores CHON transformation during cloud processes (CPs). These processes play a vital role in enhancing the variety of CHONs, leading to the formation of CHONs with oxygen atom counts ranging from 1 to 10 and doubl...

The entire world is witnessing challenges in climate change and control catastrophes. Addressing and investigating sustainable climate and urban thermal harmony can be done by getting deeper into pattern and anomalies identification in land surface temperature studies. In this paper, we have discussed duo satellite-based remotely sensed land surfac...

Call for Book Chapter Springer Advances in Geographic Information Science Book Series (Indexed in SCOPUS, SCImago, EI Compendex, zbMATH) Dear, Prof. /Dr./Scientist/Academician/Researcher/Research Scholar Greetings, Springer-Nature one of the world’s leading scientific publishing companies has accepted our proposal to write a Multi-Authors Contrib...

Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) play an important role in the climate system, facilitating the formation of ice within clouds, consequently PBAP may be important in understanding the rapidly changing Arctic. Within this work, we use single-particle fluorescence spectroscopy to identify and quantify PBAP at an Arctic mountain site, with...

Living in healthy environment should be regarded as a primary human right and not a privilege rendered to chosen ones. For that reason, a national air monitoring grid should be as extensive as possible. Unfortunately, small towns and villages, which are also exposed to air pollution episodes are not commonly covered by monitoring grid. Fixed air mo...

The present study examines the drivers of the observed increasing trend in the Genesis Potential Index (GPI) of the post-monsoon season (October-November-December) tropical cyclones in the Arabian Sea (AS) during the period, 1998-2021. The increase in atmospheric moisture loading, ocean heat content in the upper 300 m (OHC300) and reduction in vert...

We propose to launch a collection in npj Climate and Atmospheric Science and wish to push forward digital transformation of paleoclimate researches. We welcome invited original articles, perspective papers and comments that explore the Earth’s multi-scale paleoclimate changes, including the paleo-data integrations, paleoclimate simulations, data as...

Biennial Update Reports (BURs) are essential requirements from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). However, many non-Annex I countries have not submitted these reports due to difficulties in compiling the inventories. We developed a satellite-based method for the top-down inverse estimation of CO2 emissions using par...

Human-perceived temperature (HPT) describes the joint effects of multiple climatic factors such as temperature and humidity. Extreme HPT events may reduce labor capacity and cause thermal discomfort and even mortality. These events are becoming more frequent and more intense under global warming, posing severe threats to human and natural systems w...

Intraseasonal variation of rainfall extremes within boreal summer in the Indo-Pacific region is driven by the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation (BSISO), a quasi-periodic north-eastward movement of convective precipitation from the Indian Ocean to the Western Pacific. Predicting the spatiotemporal location of the BSISO is essential for subseas...

The winter and summer monsoons in Southeast Asia are important but highly variable sources of rainfall. Current understanding of the winter monsoon is limited by conflicting proxy observations, resulting from the decoupling of regional atmospheric circulation patterns and local rainfall dynamics. These signals are difficult to decipher in paleoclim...

New-particle formation from condensable gases is a common atmospheric process that has significant but uncertain effects on aerosol particle number concentrations and aerosol–cloud–climate interactions. Assessing the formation rates of nanometer-sized particles from different vapors is an active field of research within atmospheric sciences, with n...

The US Southwest is in a drought crisis that has been developing over the past two decades, contributing to marked increases in burned forest areas and unprecedented efforts to reduce water consumption. Climate change has contributed to this ongoing decadal drought via warming that has increased evaporative demand and reduced snowpack and streamflo...

The monsoon system determines the seasonal climate patterns over most parts of Asia, mainly the Indian sub-continent, Southeast Asia, and large parts of East Asia. Research on the monsoon has a history dating back more than a hundred years, since the 1890s. This review analyzes the previous research about Asian monsoons, especially in Myanmar regio...

The atmospheric oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) by OH radicals over tropical rainforests impacts local particle production and the lifetime of globally distributed chemically and radiatively active gases. For the pristine Amazon rainforest during the dry season, we empirically determined the diurnal OH radical variability at...

The emission rates of the atmospherically important halogenated trace gases CHBr3, CHBr2Cl and CHBrCl2 were measured from two commercially important tropical red seaweed species Gracilaria manilaensis Yamamoto and Trono, and Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) L.M.Liao in a range of environments to investigate the potential impact of seaweed aquaculture o...

Flash droughts pose large threats to crop yields and ecosystem services due to their sudden onset and rapid intensification, arousing wide public concern in a warming climate. Their long-term characteristics of change, underlying mechanisms, and especially potential impacts on agriculture, forests, and populations at a global scale, however, remain...

The Arctic warms nearly four times faster than the global average, and aerosols play an increasingly important role in Arctic climate change. In the Arctic, sea salt is a major aerosol component in terms of mass concentration during winter and spring. However, the mechanisms of sea salt aerosol production remain unclear. Sea salt aerosols are typic...

The factors influencing precipitation in western China are quite complex, which increases the difficulty in determining accurate predictors. Hence, this paper models the monthly measured precipitation data from 240 meteorological stations in mainland China and the precipitation data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and th...

At present, a variety of global remote sensing surface downwelling longwave radiation (SDL) products are used for atmospheric science research; however, there are few studies on the quantitative evaluation of differences among different SDL products. In order to evaluate the differences among different SDL products quantitatively, we have selected...

Cloud electrification is one of the oldest unresolved puzzles in the atmospheric sciences. Though many mechanisms for charge separation in clouds have been proposed, a quantitative understanding of their respective contribution in a given meteorological situation is lacking. Here we suggest and analyze a hitherto little discussed process. A qualita...

All-sky cameras capture a panoramic view of the full sky from horizon to horizon to generate a wide-angle image of the observable sky. State-of-the-art all-sky imagers are limited to imaging in the visible and infrared spectrum and cannot image in the UV spectrum. This article describes the development of an all-sky imaging system capable of captur...

Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become widely used in a range of atmospheric science research applications. Because of their small size, flexible range of motion, adaptability, and low cost, multirotor UAVs are especially well-suited for probing the lower atmosphere. However, their use so far has been limited to conditions outside of clouds, f...

The Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension (KOE) is the North Pacific oceanic frontal zone where air-sea heat and moisture exchanges allow strong communication between the ocean and atmosphere. Using satellite observations and reanalysis datasets, we show that the KOE surface heat flux variations are very closely linked to Kuroshio Extension (KE) sea surface h...

An ensemble of forecast flood inundation maps has the potential to represent the uncertainty in the flood forecast and provide a location-specific likelihood of flooding. Ensemble flood map forecasts provide probabilistic information to flood forecasters, flood risk managers and insurers and will ultimately benefit people living in flood-prone area...

Paulo Marques dos Santos ingressou no IAG/USP em 1948 como Auxiliar Técnico em Meteorologia, tornando-se Encarregado da Estação Meteorológica do IAG/USP em 1955, cargo que manteve até sua aposentadoria compulsória em 1997. Ao mesmo tempo em que se tornou bacharel e licenciado em Física, mestre em Física Solar e doutor em Astrofísica, ele foi testem...

Elgar Encyclopedia in Urban and Regional Planning and Design Elgar Encyclopedias in the Social Sciences series Edited by Kristof Van Assche, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada, Raoul Beunen, Faculty of Science, Open University, the Netherlands and Martijn Duineveld, Department of Environmental Sciences, Univ...

Wildfires emit large amounts of black carbon and light-absorbing organic carbon, known as brown carbon, into the atmosphere. These particles perturb Earth’s radiation budget through absorption of incoming shortwave radiation. It is generally thought that brown carbon loses its absorptivity after emission in the atmosphere due to sunlight-driven pho...

Shallow water waves are seen in geophysical fluid dynamics, oceanography, coastal engineering and atmospheric science. In this paper, to describe the shallow water waves, we investigate a (2+1)-dimensional shallow water equation with the time-dependent coefficients via symbolic computation. Based on the Hirota method and Painlevé integrable conditi...

Plain Language Summary Atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) are well described by the Navier‐Stokes equations, but solving these equations including small scale remains daunting, limited by the very high computational cost of resolving the smallest spatial‐temporal features in a global context. To address this challenge, we developed a machine learning...

Atmospheric fronts are a widely used conceptual model in meteorology, most encountered as two-dimensional (2-D) front lines on surface analysis charts. The three-dimensional (3-D) dynamical structure of fronts has been studied in the literature by means of “standard” 2-D maps and cross-sections and is commonly sketched in 3-D illustrations of ideal...

This study investigated whether variability in air quality, especially related to vehicular emissions, during the COVID-19 pandemic could indicate social distancing. Data from in situ measurements and satellite estimates were used. The study areas were São Paulo, Brazil, and Bologna, Italy. We focused our analysis on NO2, a combustion-derived pollu...