Atlas - Science topic

This paper deals with the kinematic performance evaluation of a bioinspired 5-DOF parallel driving mechanism (PDM) PRTU-X5. The PRTU-X5 consists of five open-loop active limbs and one passive hybrid kinematic chain. To tackle the challenge of evaluating the kinematic performance of this 5-DOF PDM with multi-loop coupled kinematic chains, this study...

The prognosis and treatment efficacy of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), a disease with a high incidence, remains unsatisfactory. Identifying new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for LUAD is essential. Chromosomal assembly factor 1B (CHAF1B), a p60 component of the CAF-1 complex, is closely linked to tumor incidence and cell proliferation. However, CH...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) lacks a specific biomarker, but is defined by relatively selective toxicity to motor neurons (MN). As others have highlighted, this offers an opportunity to develop a sensitive and specific biomarker based on detection of DNA released from dying MN within accessible biofluids. Here we have performed whole genome...

Citizen Science initiatives have a worldwide impact on environmental research by providing data at a global scale and high resolution. Mapping marine biodiversity remains a key challenge to which citizen initiatives can contribute. Here we describe a dataset made of both underwater and aerial imagery collected in shallow tropical coastal areas by u...

Wetlands are vital for humanity and include some of the most productive, diverse, and service-rich ecosystems in the world. Service provided include food production (e.g., fish, birds, and vegetables), protection from flooding and storm surge inunda-tion, provision of clean water and climate stability, and timber resources for construction. Despite...

Potato late blight, caused by the pathogen Phytophthora infestans, significantly impacts global potato production. This study utilized computer-aided drug design (CADD) to identify potential inhibitors of the PxLR effector PexRD2, a critical factor in disease progression. A comprehensive molecular docking analysis of 36,545 natural products from th...

Human brucellosis is a re-emerging disease in Sichuan Province, China. In this study, bacteriology, conventional bio-typing, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), and multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) were applied to preliminarily characterize the strains in terms of genetic diversity and epidemiological links. A total of 1...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds transformative potential across various domains, particularly in disaster management and urban design. However, its reliance on historical data often reinforces entrenched biases, raising significant concerns about equitable application. Drawing on insights from the films Coded Bias, Atlas, Better Than Us, and Wha...

Diabetic retinopathy is a major ocular complication of diabetes, characterized by progressive retinal microvascular damage and significant visual impairment in working-age adults. Traditional bulk RNA sequencing offers overall gene expression profiles but does not account for cellular heterogeneity. Single-cell RNA sequencing overcomes this limitat...

The occurrence and progression of breast cancer (BCa) are complex processes involving multiple factors and multiple steps. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in this process, but the functions of immune components and stromal components in the TME require further elucidation. In this study, we obtained the RNA-seq data of 1086...

Glioma is the most prevalent tumor of the central nervous system. The poor clinical outcomes and limited therapeutic efficacy underscore the urgent need for early diagnosis and an optimized prognostic approach for glioma. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify sensitive biomarkers for glioma. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of gliom...

Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are small, hypointense hemosiderin deposits in the brain measuring 2–10 mm in diameter. As one of the important biomarkers of small vessel disease, they have been associated with various neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. Hence, automated detection, and subsequent extraction of clinically useful metrics ( e....

The current book serves as an essential guide to understanding Outcome-Based Education (OBE) with a focus on Bloom’s Taxonomy and its relevance to learning outcomes. It covers key topics such as cognitive levels, the categorization of learning outcomes, and the alignment of machine learning techniques with these cognitive levels. The book also exp...

The β1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4GALNT2) which synthesizes the histo-blood group antigen Sda is highly expressed by normal colon, but it is dramatically down-regulated in colorectal cancer (CRC). High B4GALNT2 expression in CRC tissues is a marker of longer survival. The molecular bases of B4GALNT2 inhibition in CRC are largely obscu...

Lung cancer is a highly prevalent and fatal cancer that seriously threatens the safety of people in various regions around the world. Difficulty in early diagnosis and strong drug resistance have always been difficulties in the treatment of lung cancer, so the prognosis of lung cancer has always been the focus of scientific researchers. This study...

The tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) is recognized as a potential prognosis factor for breast cancer and is strongly associated with response to immunotherapy. Inducing TLS neogenesis can enhance the immunogenicity of tumors and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. However, our understanding of TLS associated region at the single-cell level rema...

Reliability of imaging parameters is of pivotal importance for further correlation analyses. Here, we investigated test-retest reliability of two dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) brain states, and related parameters for different scan length, atlases with 116 versus 442 regions, and data centering in 23 participants and reproduced the findings...

Expansion and losses of gene families are important drivers of molecular evolution. A recent survey of Fox genes in flatworms revealed that this superfamily of multifunctional transcription factors, present in all animals, underwent extensive losses and expansions during platyhelminth evolution. In this paper, I analyzed Fox gene complement in four...

We study semi-infinite particle systems on the one-dimensional integer lattice, where each particle performs a continuous-time nearest-neighbour random walk, with jump rates intrinsic to each particle, subject to an exclusion interaction which suppresses jumps that would lead to more than one particle occupying any site. Under appropriate hypothese...

Background Altered metabolism has become an important characteristic of cancer, and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase short-chain (ACADS), a regulator of lipid synthesis, is involved in carcinogenesis-associated metabolic pathways. DNA methylation is an important mechanism for silencing ACADS in various malignancies. However, the specific role of ACADS in hep...

The integration of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and whole-transcriptome sequencing (WTS) has revolutionized cancer diagnostics, enabling comprehensive molecular profiling of tumours. While WGS uncovers genomic alterations such as single nucleotide variants (SNVs), structural variants (SVs), and copy number changes, WTS provides complementary insig...

(Peer reviewed & forthcoming in 'Challenging the Visual: Distrust, Emergency, Uncertainty') Pictorial and textual data collected from Twitter during the height of the Syrian Refugee Crisis in 2015 provides an opportunity to map out empirically the representations of refugees. This paper uses Aby Warburg's "iconology of the interval" as its point o...

Recent evidence indicates that endocrine resistance in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer is closely correlated with phenotypic characteristics of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Nonetheless, identifying tumor tissues with a mesenchymal phenotype remains challenging in clinical practice. In this study, we validated the corre...

Ischemic stroke constitutes a multifaceted neurological affliction that spans various cellular types. Lack of dynamic chromatin accessibility data after stroke is one of the obstacles to understanding this process. To gain insights into the variations in transcriptional regulation among various cell types subsequent to a stroke, we employed single-...

Background: TSPX is an X-linked tumor suppressor that was initially identified in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. However, its expression patterns and downstream mechanisms in NSCLC remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the functions of TSPX in NSCLC by identifying its potential downstream targets and their correlation with...

Background Lung cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite advances in targeted and immunotherapies, overall survival (OS) rates remain suboptimal. Cyclin-A2 (CCNA2), known for its upregulation in various tumors and role in tumorigenesis, has an undefined function in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods We analyz...

The importance of art and humanities in mental health is widely recognised, and consumption and creation of poetry, prose, drama and the plastic arts are now considered to be relevant knowledge-generating and therapeutic activities. However, literary and art criticism remain at the margins. By contrast, in his two ‘Logics of Discovery’ papers, psyc...

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have achieved great success; however, a subset of patients exhibits no response. Consequently, there is a critical need for reliable predictive biomarkers. Our focus is on CDC42, which stimulates multiple signaling pathways promoting tumor growth. We hypothesize that an impaired function of CDC42 may s...

Background and Objectives Cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL) is a rare and highly aggressive cancer that originates in the bile duct; it has an average five-year survival rate of 9%, which makes it the cancer with the lowest survival rate among all 33 cancer types in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) Program. The aim of this study is to elucidate the key deter...

Background The potential diagnostic value of plasma amyloidogenic beta residue 42/40 ratio (Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio), neurofilament light (NfL), tau phosphorylated at threonine-181 (p-tau181), and threonine-217 (p-tau217) has been extensively discussed in the literature. We have also previously described the association between retinal biomarkers and precl...

Renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) presents a unique landscape of genetic and epigenetic modifications, the understanding of which is crucial for the development of targeted therapies and improved prognostication. This study explores the differential expression of histone-related genes (HRGs) in ccRCC and correlates these findings with patient clin...

In plants, microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in complex gene regulatory networks together with the transcription factors (TFs) in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. To date, analyses of miRNAs‐induced transcriptome remodeling are at the whole plant or tissue levels. Here, Arabidopsis’s ABA‐induced single‐cell RNA‐seq (scRNA‐seq) is performed at...

Background The role of lipid metabolic reprogramming in the development of various types of cancer has already been established. However, the exact biological function and significance of the elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids (ELOVLs) gene family, which can affect fatty acid metabolism, is still not well understood in lung adenocarcinoma (L...

The simultaneous sequencing of multiple types of biomolecules can facilitate understanding various forms of regulation occurring in cells. Cosequencing of miRNA and mRNA at single-cell resolution is challenging, and to date, only a few such studies (examining a quite limited number of cells) have been reported. Here, we developed a parallel single-...

Many visualisations used in the climate communication field aim to present the scientific models of climate change to the public. However, relatively little research has been conducted on how such data are visually processed, particularly from a behavioural science perspective. This study examines trends in visual attention to climate change predic...

Purpose To develop a deep learning (DL) model based on primary tumor tissue to predict the lymph node metastasis (LNM) status of muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), while validating the prognostic value of the predicted aiN score in MIBC patients. Methods A total of 323 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used as the training and...

Background Cognitive Reserve (CR) refers to the brain’s ability to maintain optimal cognitive function despite damage or pathology. The neural implementation of CR is a major research focus, and resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) has emerged as a promising imaging correlate of CR. We assessed RSFC as a function of two different proxy meas...

Background Neural flexibility (NF) during tasks was associated with cognitive aging, while that during rest was not associated with aging and cognition in a healthy aging population. However, NF has not been studied in AD. We aim to evaluate whether AD is associated with alterations in NF and probe its predictive utility for AD conversion. Method...

Bioelectric properties of cells are an important aspect of development, regeneration, and cancer. Because of their relevance to establishment and maintenance of tissue form and function, bioelectric patterns have been hypothesized to have a role in aging. However, no data on bioelectric patterns of the whole body of young and old individuals have b...

Background Recent studies highlight distinct patterns of cortical atrophy between amnestic (typical) and non‐amnestic (atypical, with subtypes: behavioural, dysexecutive, logopenic and visuospatial) clinical phenotypes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The current study aimed to assess regional MRI patterns of cortical atrophy across AD phenotypes, and...

Background Epigenetics plays a crucial role in regulating genetic transcription and responding to environmental and lifestyle changes without altering the DNA sequence. Their dysregulation is associated with AD, presenting potential as blood biomarkers. However, no study has evaluated whether peripheral blood (PB) epigenetic biomarkers are associat...

Background Normative models (NM) of brain metrics based on large, diverse populations offer novel strategies to detect individual brain abnormalities. To create an age‐dependent statistical model of brain microstructure over the human lifespan, we built the largest multi‐site NM of white matter (WM) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics based on 5...

Background Trisomy 21 in Down syndrome (DS) is associated with an earlier accumulation of beta‐amyloid (Aß) plaques and a higher rate of Alzheimer’s Disease due to the triplication of the amyloid precursor protein gene. In this study we compare accumulation rates of Aß measured with [C‐11]PiB PET between large longitudinal cohorts of DS and neuroty...

Background Neuroimaging‐based evidence suggests that changes in cerebral tissue determinants, including axonal density and myelin content, are associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases. While neuroimaging markers show strong association with physiological changes, direct validation of their specificity remains challenging. Histology prov...

Background Cardiometabolic disorders are emerging risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD‐related dementia (ADRD). There is currently insufficient understanding of how different cardiometabolic profiles and blood biomarkers impact different AD‐related brain pathology regionally. This project uses data‐driven approaches and explainable arti...

Background The human brain is organized in dense and distinct intrinsic networks that are topographically arranged and mediate particular cognitive functions. The characteristic of intrinsic network organization that supports this functional specialization of cognitive domains is known as modular segregation. Neurodegeneration is associated with ch...

Background Recent studies suggest that tau pathology spreads between functionally connected (FC) brain regions. The accumulation of amyloid‐beta (Aβ) promotes neural hyper‐activity in asymptomatic older adults, which might enhance tau spreading. We assessed the relationship between band‐specific neurophysiological FC and the rate of tau accumulatio...

Background Age‐related neurological illness like Alzheimer's disease (AD) is steadily becoming more prevalent among the aged population in India and around the world. Cognitive deficits are caused by a progressive loss of normal brain functions. Increased production of amyloid (Aß) and the development of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are the two m...

Background Recent studies suggest that tau pathology spreads between functionally connected (FC) brain regions. The accumulation of amyloid‐beta (Aß) promotes neural hyper‐activity in asymptomatic older adults, which might enhance tau spreading. We assessed the relationship between band‐specific neurophysiological FC and the rate of tau accumulatio...

Background Robust biomarkers are urgently needed to detect, diagnose, and predict memory decline in the three most common neurodegenerative dementia syndromes, Alzheimer disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The currently used diagnostic and therapeutic compounds target the disease‐defining neuropathologi...

Background:Locus coeruleus (LC) imaging using neuromelanin-sensitive (NM) MRI sequences is a promising biomarker for detecting early Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD). Although semi or fully automatic approaches have been developed to estimate LC integrity by measuring its intensity, these techniques most often rely on a single...

Background Age‐related neurological illness like Alzheimer's disease (AD) is steadily becoming more prevalent among the aged population in India and around the world. Cognitive deficits are caused by a progressive loss of normal brain functions. Increased production of amyloid (Aβ) and the development of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are the two m...

Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and primary age‐related tauopathy (PART) both hyperphosphorylated‐tau (pTau)‐positive neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) but differ in the spatial pTau development and Aβ‐positive in the hippocampus. Cognitive status has been shown to be related to the overall hippocampal pTau burden, as well as the presence of β‐amy...

Background Non‐invasive diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) can be used to assess cortical microstructure through cortical mean diffusivity (cMD). However, it is still unclear about the dynamic changes of cMD, as well as how it relates to vascular disease and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Method We identified 318 cognitively unimpaired (CU) and 305 cogni...

Background Hippocampal atrophy is an established biomarker of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease, affecting specific subfields (De Flores, La Joie and Chételat, 2015). In this study, we used 7T MRI and advanced diffusion MRI (dMRI) to investigate the relationship between hippocampal subfield volumes and microstructure and assess their sensiti...

Background Obesity in midlife, defined as body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m² or higher in those between 40‐60 years, is related to higher Alzheimer’s disease (AD) later in life. Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, as a complication of obesity is associated with impaired cognitive function. We investigated the relationship between hepatic fat quantifi...

We present a systematic search for radio active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in dwarf galaxies using recent observations taken by the Very Large Array Sky Survey (VLASS). To select these objects, we first establish a criterion to identify radio-excess AGNs using the infrared-radio correlation parameter, q , that describes the tight relation between radio...

Background Recent advancements in connectome analyses allow for more fine‐grained measurements of brain network integrity. One measure of integrity is resilience, or the capacity of the network to retain functionality when confronted with endogenous or exogenous perturbations that result in damage or error. We assessed the impact of individual diff...

Background Macrophages play a dual role in the tumor microenvironment(TME), capable of secreting pro-inflammatory factors to combat tumors while also promoting tumor growth through angiogenesis and immune suppression. This study aims to explore the characteristics of macrophages in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and establish a prognostic model based o...

Background Long‐COVID is characterized by persistent symptoms post‐infection with SARS‐CoV‐2. This condition includes neurological manifestations and has been proposed as a potential risk factor for the development of dementia. Individuals presenting with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease have dysfunctional brain metabolism, including metabolic b...

Background Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), a transitional stage between healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease, offers a critical intervention window (Vega and Newhouse, 2014). Diagnosing MCI proves challenging due to subtle neurodegenerative changes. Our study employs graph representations of fMRI time‐series, emphasizing connectivity between brai...

Background Limbic‐predominant age‐related TDP‐43 encephalopathy (LATE) can underlie clinical presentations mimicking Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent imaging‐pathological studies have shown that LATE associates with a specific temporo‐limbic FDG‐PET signature that differs from the typical temporo‐parietal pattern of hypometabolism in AD and may be...

Background Age, female sex and the APOEe4 allele are among the top risk factors for developing late‐onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). Precision medicine for AD drug development necessitates targeting specific biological pathways driving AD pathology. We previously identified LOAD‐associated transcriptomic signatures specific to both sex and APOE ge...

Background In aging societies, neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, are receiving attention. These diseases are primary targets for preemptive medicine, emphasizing the importance of early detection and preventive treatment before the onset of severe, treatment‐resistant damages. However, there is a lack of comprehensive investi...

This study examines the structural relationship between a destination’s image (DI), social influence (SI), and tourists’ brand trust (BT) and brand loyalty (BL) in the destination of Tozeur, a Tunisian town located at the gateway to the Sahara and rooted in the Atlas Mountains, where George Lucas set scenes for the Star Wars saga. The structural co...

Background Aging is linked to significant white matter abnormalities, which are often studied using traditional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics; however, these traditional metrics have limited sensitivity/specificity to neurobiological characteristics. Here, we use fixel‐based analysis (FBA) – an approach with more precision in areas of cros...

Background Patterns of regional atrophy and hypometabolism have been observed in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). However, determinants of regional vulnerability to structural and functional neurodegeneration remain largely unexplored. First, we investigated the association between regional gene expression and grey matter volumes in probable DLB pa...

Background Tau‐PET tracers have been used to diagnose and stage Alzheimer’s disease. However, different tau tracers present distinct patterns of binding throughout the brain, challenging the harmonization of their results. We hypothesize that the choice of a reference region can impact the harmonization of the tau‐PET standardized uptake value rati...

Background Chronic exposure to stress, quantified by allostatic load (AL), has been postulated as a cause of structural brain changes in the context of dementia. White matter hyperintensities (WMH), detected in MRI FLAIR, are a common brain abnormality representing small vessel disease or degenerative changes in the brain. Here, we studied differen...

Background Age, female sex and the APOEε4 allele are among the top risk factors for developing late‐onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). Precision medicine for AD drug development necessitates targeting specific biological pathways driving AD pathology. We previously identified LOAD‐associated transcriptomic signatures specific to both sex and APOE ge...

Background Episodic memory decline is a hallmark feature of aging and Alzheimer’s disease, but the mechanisms underlying its earliest stages are unknown. Method Cognitively unimpaired older adults from the Berkeley Aging Cohort Study (n=49) completed an fMRI memory encoding task preceded by 15 minutes rsfMRI and standard neuropsychological testing...