Astronomical Objects - Science topic

This is a survey of the astronomical observations of the past, present and future of astronomical objects conducted by Prof. Nikolai Kozyrev in 1977-1980 and then independently verified in 1990.

The beginning of the 21st century marked the "modern era of galaxy surveys" in astronomy. Rapid innovation in observing technology, combined with the base built by galaxy catalogs and atlases dating back centuries, sparked an explosion of new observational programs driven by efforts to understand the different processes driving galaxy evolution. Th...

The source of astronomical objects, in general, is a very far distance from the observation instrument so that the transmitted signal is received very small and is at risk of being disturbed by other sources around the receiving system. Therefore, the concept of multiple receivers with array interferometry configuration arrays is used to improve th...

This study explores the use of symbolic regression (SR) combined with genetic algorithms (GA) to classify astronomical objects. Using the SDSS17 dataset from Kaggle, which includes 100,000 observations of stars, galaxies, and quasars, we applied SR to 10\% of the data to derive a mathematical expression capable of distinguishing these classes. A ge...

New multi-wavelength Karl G. Jansky VLA observations of CKR02A, the compact radio source in the center of the compact HII region NGC 6334A, are presented. The observations were carried out in five epochs and included the frequency ranges 8.0 - 12.0 GHz (X-band), 18.0 - 26.0 GHz (K-band), and 29.0 - 37.0 GHz (Ka-band). The source is detected and res...

Observational cosmology has provided an extraordinary perspective on our universe and our place within it. However, as our understanding of the universe has increased, some glaring holes in our knowledge have become apparent: What physics is responsible for the super-luminal expansion of the universe at early times? What drives the accelerating exp...

Continuing professional development for teachers in the physical sciences is crucial to maintaining high-quality instruction, especially when addressing modern physics. Nevertheless, the teaching of these topics often relies on theoretical models that may seem abstract and removed from practical applications. In this context, research in astrophysi...

Incorporating microscopic nuclear-structure information into the discussion of bulk properties of astronomical objects such as neutron stars has always been a challenging issue in interdisciplinary nuclear astrophysics. Using the $rp$-process nucleosynthesis as an example, we studied the effective stellar $\beta^+$ and electron capture (EC) rates o...

X-ray Polarimeter Satellite (XPoSat) is India’s first landmark mission dedicated to X-ray polarimetry, with the aim of measuring and studying X-rays emitted by bright astronomical objects such as black hole X-ray binaries, pulsar wind nebulae, and accretion-powered pulsars. Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-C58 (PSLV-C58) launched the XPoSat mission o...

New multi-wavelength Karl G. Jansky VLA observations of CKR02A, the compact radio source in the center of the compact HII region NGC 6334A, are presented. The observations were carried out in five epochs and included the frequency ranges 8.0 - 12.0 GHz (X-band), 18.0 - 26.0 GHz (K-band), and 29.0 - 37.0 GHz (Ka-band). The source is detected and res...

We present starkiller , an open-source Python package for forward-modeling flux retrieval from integral field unit (IFU) spectrograph data cubes. starkiller simultaneously provides stellar spectral classification, relative velocity, and line-of-sight extinction for all sources in a catalog, alongside a source-subtracted data cube. It performs synth...

The interplay between atomic and molecular physics and astrophysics is critical for advancing the understanding of the universe. This paper investigates the significance of spectroscopic techniques in probing celestial phenomena, emphasizing their role in revealing the composition, temperature, density, and motion of astronomical objects. By analyz...

Using open astronomical multifrequency databases, we constructed light curves and developed a comprehensive visualisation and sonification analysis for the blazars Mrk~501, Mrk~1501, Mrk~421, BL~Lacerta, AO~0235+164, 3C~66A, OJ~049, OJ~287, and PKS~J2134-0153. This study employed Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) and Parameter Mapping Son...

No abstract

Long-period radio transients are a novel class of astronomical objects characterised by prolonged periods ranging from 18 minutes to 54 minutes. They exhibit highly polarised, coherent, beamed radio emission lasting only 10--100 seconds. The intrinsic nature of these objects is subject to speculation, with highly magnetised white dwarfs and neutron...

Long-period radio transients are a new class of astronomical objects characterized by prolonged periods ranging from 18 min to 54 min. They exhibit highly polarized, coherent, beamed radio emission lasting only 10–100 s. The intrinsic nature of these objects is subject to speculation, with highly magnetized white dwarfs and neutron stars being the...

Peculiar motion refers to the velocity of an astronomical object relative to the local standard of rest (LSR), distinct from its motion due to gravitational influences of other bodies. This motion, often resulting from interactions within galactic systems or external forces, has profound implications on our understanding of cosmic structures and th...

We utilize the publicly available code GIZMO to re-simulate 12 galaxies selected from the Numerical Investigation of a Hundred Astronomical Object (NIHAO) simulation suite, which were run with the GASOLINE code, then compare their properties. We find that while both codes with the same initial conditions and large-scale environments can successfull...

Космический аппарат Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) получил большое количество высокоточных фото- метрических данных, которые можно использовать для решения огромного количества астрономических задач. Но точности и полноты данных, предоставляемых открытым архивом данных TESS, не всегда достаточно для их реше- ния. Поэтому, мы представл...

Subtracting the changing sky contribution from the near-infrared (NIR) spectra of faint astronomical objects is challenging and crucial to a wide range of science cases such as estimating the velocity dispersions of dwarf galaxies, studying the gas dynamics in faint galaxies, measuring accurate redshifts, and any spectroscopic studies of faint targ...

We present starkiller, an open-source Python package for forward-modeling flux retrieval from integral field unit spectrograph (IFU) datacubes. Starkiller simultaneously provides stellar spectral classification, relative velocity, and line-of-sight extinction for all sources in a catalog, alongside a source-subtracted datacube. It performs syntheti...

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will image billions of astronomical objects in the wide–fast–deep primary survey and in a set of minisurveys including intensive observations of a group of deep drilling fields (DDFs). The DDFs are a critical piece of three key aspects of the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration...

Context . New spectroscopic surveys will increase the number of astronomical objects in need of characterisation by more than an order of magnitude. Machine learning tools are required to address this data deluge in a fast and accurate fashion. Most machine learning algorithms cannot directly estimate error, making them unsuitable for reliable scie...

Accurate classification of transients obtained from spectroscopic data are important to understand their nature and discover new classes of astronomical objects. For supernovae (SNe), SNID , NGSF (a Python version of SUPERFIT ), and DASH are widely used in the community. Each tool provides its own metric to help determine classification, such as rl...

Infrared emission features are observed towards diverse astronomical objects in the interstellar medium (ISM). Generally, the consensus is that these IR features originate from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and are...

Some well-known metrics used as models of static non-rotating black holes are considered. These are the Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter, Bardeen-Kiselev and McVittie models. A significant difference between them in how adequately they can describe or be the basis for describing observed astronomical objects is demonstrated. A simple method for constru...

We first briefly review the adventure of scale invariance in physics, from Galileo Galilei, Weyl, Einstein, and Feynman to the revival by Dirac (1973) and Canuto et al. (1977). We then gather concrete observational evidence that scale-invariant effects are present and measurable in astronomical objects spanning a vast range of masses (0.5 M$_{\odot...

We first briefly review the adventure of scale invariance in physics, from Galileo Galilei, Weyl, Einstein, and Feynman to the revival by Dirac (1973) and Canuto et al. (1977). In the way that the geometry of space–time can be described by the coefficients gμν, a gauging condition given by a scale factor λ(xμ) is needed to express the scaling. In g...

Quantum Improved Regular Kerr (QIRK) Black Hole is a rotating regular black hole based on the asymptotic safety method. This black hole not only resolves ring singularity and avoids closed timelike curves, but also has well defined thermodynamics. Therefore, it is crucial to find some observable features of this rotating black hole. In this article...

The objective of this study is to model astrophysical systems using the nonlinear Fokker–Planck equation, with the Adomian method chosen for its iterative and precise solutions in this context, applying boundary conditions relevant to data from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). The results include analysis of 156 X-ray intensity distributions...

In this paper, we present an analysis of the effectiveness of various machine learning algorithms in classifying astronomical objects using data from the third release (DR3) of the Gaia space mission. The dataset used includes spectral information from the satellite’s red and blue spectrophotometers. The primary goal is to achieve reliable classifi...

Astro-tourism has potential globally including Tanzania. For example, the skyline over Tanzania is filled with abundant astronomical objects like stars at night whereas on land, there is the famous Kimondo meteorite in Mbozi area. However, there is still challenge in tourism development particularly product diversification and marketing in the post...

When solving inverse problems, it is increasingly popular to use pre-trained diffusion models as plug-and-play priors. This framework can accommodate different forward models without re-training while preserving the generative capability of diffusion models. Despite their success in many imaging inverse problems, most existing methods rely on privi...

Vast amounts of astronomical photometric data are generated from various projects, requiring significant effort to identify variable stars and other object classes. In light of this, a general, widely applicable classification framework would simplify the process of designing specific classifiers for various astronomical objects. We present a novel...

Stellar infrared excesses can indicate various phenomena of interest, from protoplanetary disks to debris disks, or (more speculatively) techno-signatures along the lines of Dyson spheres. In this paper, we conduct a large search for “extreme” infrared excesses, designed as a data-driven contextual anomaly detection pipeline. We focus our search on...

Context: New spectroscopic surveys will increase the number of astronomical objects requiring characterization by over tenfold.. Machine learning tools are required to address this data deluge in a fast and accurate fashion. Most machine learning algorithms can not estimate error directly, making them unsuitable for reliable science. Aims: We aim t...

Aims. We explored the use of broadband colors to classify stars, galaxies, and quasi-stellar objects (QSOs). Specifically, we applied sharpened dimensionality reduction (SDR)-aided classification to this problem, with the aim of enhancing cluster separation in the projections of high-dimensional data clusters to allow for better classification perf...

The best molecular line lists for astrophysical applications today require both high accuracy of line positions for strong lines as well as high overall completeness. The former is required to enable, for example, molecular detection in high-resolution cross-correlation observations of exoplanets, while completeness is required for accurate spectro...

Redshift prediction is a fundamental task in astronomy, essential for understanding the expansion of the universe and determining the distances of astronomical objects. Accurate redshift prediction plays a crucial role in advancing our knowledge of the cosmos. Machine learning (ML) methods, renowned for their precision and speed, offer promising so...

The best molecular line lists for astrophysical applications today require both high accuracy of line positions for strong lines as well as high overall completeness. The former is required to enable, for example, molecular detection in high-resolution cross-correlation observations of exoplanets, while completeness is required for accurate spectro...

Radio interferometry is a powerful technique that allows astronomers to create high-resolution images of astronomical objects. The distribution of radio telescopes in an interferometer is a critical factor that determines the resolution and sensitivity of the instrument. Traditionally, radio telescopes are distributed in a linear or circular array....

Accurate classification of celestial objects is essential for advancing our understanding of the universe. MargNet is a recently developed deep learning-based classifier applied to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 16 (DR16) dataset to segregate stars, quasars, and compact galaxies using photometric data. MargNet utilizes a stacked a...

Accurate classification of celestial objects is essential for advancing our understanding of the universe. MargNet is a recently developed deep learning-based classifier applied to SDSS DR16 dataset to segregate stars, quasars, and compact galaxies using photometric data. MargNet utilizes a stacked architecture, combining a Convolutional Neural Net...

Space geochemical modelling is a powerful tool for supporting cosmochemistry in studying the geochemistry of visited astronomical objects and predicting the geochemical conditions on more obscure planets and moons. Geochemical models can assist in simulating the evolution of the atmosphere, crust, and interior of planets or moons and the geochemica...

Prior to the modern era, the stars in the night sky were readily visible across the globe, but light pollution has created disparities in the opportunity to see these astronomical objects with the naked eye. This alteration may measurably impact human behavior. We hypothesize that light pollution is related to the development of people’s interest i...

Noble gas compounds have attracted significant research attention, mainly due to their intriguing chemical behavior under high-pressure conditions. In this paper, we identify a compound, C2/m-Xe 3 CO 2 , through a synergistic approach combining a particle-swarm optimization empowered structure search and first-principles calculations within a wide...

Despite the number of studies on the Moon and other celestial bodies as far as Mars, the number of studies conducted on celestial objects beyond Mars, the significantly high expenses and the required time for space explorations escalate the essence of novel methods to manage such limitations. Space geochemical modelling is a powerful tool for suppo...

Context . The advent of next-generation survey instruments, such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory and its Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), is opening a window for new research in time-domain astronomy. The Extended LSST Astronomical Time-Series Classification Challenge (ELAsTiCC) was created to test the capacity of brokers to deal with a sim...

The principles of retarded gravitational potentials are presented and explained. The application of retarded gravitational potentials to an expanding spherical shell of matter with a large mass (a "black shell") leads to acceleration forces on moving objects within such a huge shell. The concept of a Schwarzschild distance from the inner surface o...

Context. When observing astronomical objects, we have to deal with extinction (i.e. the absorption and scattering of the emitted radiation by dust and gas between the source and the observer). Interstellar extinction depends on the location of the object and the wavelength. The different extinction laws describing these effects are difficult to est...

When observing astronomical objects, we must deal with extinction (i.e. the absorption and scattering of the emitted radiation by dust and gas between the source and the observer). Interstellar extinction depends on the location of the object and the wavelength. The different extinction laws describing these effects are difficult to estimate for a...

The high contrast and spatial resolution requirements for directly imaging exoplanets requires effective coordination of wavefront control, coronagraphy, observation techniques, and post-processing algorithms. However, even with this suite of tools, identifying and retrieving exoplanet signals embedded in resolved scattered light regions can be ext...

The wheel is still turning - can astrology turn full circle from yesterday’s validity as the basis of astronomy through today’s classification as pseudoscience to tomorrow’s validity under a Theory of Everything? I saw an astrologer named AstroTash (real name Natasha Weber) on TV’s “The Morning Show” a couple of days ago, and she said my star sign...

This article aims to express the Koran's views on astrophysics, one of the fields of science that studies the properties of physical phenomena and astronomical objects in the Universe. Some of Allah's verses are written and some are implied. The Qur'an is the written verse of Allah while the universe is the written verse of Allah. Because both are...

Astrophysics concentrates on the physical processes associated with the entities that comprise the universe. If astronomy maps the positions and movements of astronomical objects, astrophysics uses the laws of physics to describe and to explain their nature. Astrophysics involves principles of all sub-classes of physics importantly, Newton law of g...

We investigated the role of carbon monoxide ice in the chemical evolution of prestellar cores using astrochemical rate equation models. We constrained the ratios of the binding energies on CO ice and H2O ice for a series of adsorbates deemed important in diffusive chemistry on H2O ices. We later included these ratios in our chemical reaction networ...

Context . Full sky coverage adaptive optics (AO) on extremely large telescopes requires the adoption of several laser guide stars as references. With such large apertures, the apparent elongation of the beacons is absolutely significant. With a few exceptions, wavefront sensors (WFSs) designed for natural guide stars can be adapted and used in subo...

Throughout history, the definition of “class” and the construction of astronomical classification systems has been a deep scientific and philosophical problem: scientific because facts such as physical composition ideally need to be known for proper classification but often are not, philosophical because astronomers need to understand the philosoph...

The ExoMol database (www.exomol.com) provides molecular data for spectroscopic studies of hot atmospheres. These data are widely used to model atmospheres of exoplanets, cool stars and other astronomical objects, as well as a variety of terrestrial applications. The 2024 data release reports the current status of the database which contains recomme...

We present characterization results and performance of a prototype Multiple-Amplifier Sensing (MAS) silicon charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor with 16 channels potentially suitable for faint object astronomical spectroscopy and low-signal, photon-limited imaging. The MAS CCD is designed to reach sub-electron readout noise by repeatedly measuring ch...

The revolutionary discovery of dark energy and accelerating cosmic expansion was made with just 42 type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in 1999. Since then, large synoptic surveys, e.g., Dark Energy Survey (DES), have observed thousands more SNe Ia and the upcoming Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) and Roman Space Telescope promise to deliver mil...

Astronomical spectroscopy aims to measure the spectrum of a celestial object(s). However, in the case of ground-based observation, the observed spectrum will not only present absorption or emission features from the astronomical object but also features caused by the Earth’s atmosphere, namely telluric absorption lines or telluric contamination. Th...

The sensible selection of celestial objects for observation by the James Web Space Telescope (JWST) is pivotal for the precise decision-making (DM) process, aligning with scientific priorities and instrument capabilities to maximize valuable data acquisition to address key astronomical questions within the constraints of limited observation time. A...

Full sky coverage Adaptive Optics on Extremely Large Telescopes requires the adoption of several Laser Guide Stars as references.With such large apertures, the apparent elongation of the beacons is absolutely significant.With few exceptions,WaveFront Sensors designed for Natural Guide Stars are adapted and used in suboptimal mode in this context. W...

Dynamical systems are crucial for defining our comprehension of the physical world, offering a robust structure for examining and representing intricate occurrences. The exploration of dynamical systems in physics traces back to the initial developments of classical mechanics by Newton and Lagrange. Over time, this framework has developed and grown...

In this work, we propose a deep learning-based classification model of astronomical objects using alerts reported by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) survey. The model takes as inputs sequences of stamp images and metadata contained in each alert, as well as features from the All-WISE catalog. The proposed model, called temporal stamp classifier...

The Euclid ERO showcase Euclid's capabilities in advance of its main mission, targeting 17 astronomical objects, from galaxy clusters, nearby galaxies, globular clusters, to star-forming regions. A total of 24 hours observing time was allocated in the early months of operation, engaging the scientific community through an early public data release....

Aims . We present a novel method for detecting outliers in astronomical time series based on the combination of a deep neural network and a k-nearest neighbor algorithm with the aim of identifying and removing problematic epochs in the light curves of astronomical objects. Methods . We used an EfficientNet network pretrained on ImageNet as a featur...

This paper proposes a hybrid approach integrating the expert knowledge judgment approach using the Cognitive Pairwise Comparison (CPC) to the Deep Learning, a modern classification approach, for astronomic object classification. The astronomic data with ten thousand samples retrieved from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Sky Server Data Release 15 (SDSS Sk...

Mars is a particularly attractive candidate among known astronomical objects to potentially host life. Results from space exploration missions have provided insights into Martian geochemistry that indicate oxychlorine species, particularly perchlorate, are ubiquitous features of the Martian geochemical landscape. Perchlorate presents potential obst...

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will image billions of astronomical objects in the wide-fast-deep primary survey and in a set of minisurveys including intensive observations of a group of deep drilling fields (DDFs). The DDFs are a critical piece of three key aspects of the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration...

The drag force experienced by astronomical objects moving through gaseous media (gas dynamical friction) plays a crucial role in their orbital evolution. Ostriker derived a formula for gas dynamical friction by linear analysis, and its validity has been confirmed through subsequent numerical simulations. However, the effect of gas accretion onto th...

Strong gravitational lensing is a powerful tool for investigating dark matter and dark energy properties. With the advent of large-scale sky surveys, we can discover strong lensing systems on an unprecedented scale, which requires efficient tools to extract them from billions of astronomical objects. The existing mainstream lens-finding tools are b...

High-frequency gravitational waves (HFGWs) carry a wealth of information on the early Universe with a tiny comoving horizon and astronomical objects of small scale but with dense energy. We demonstrate that the nearby planets, such as Earth and Jupiter, can be utilized as a laboratory for detecting the HFGWs. These GWs are then expected to convert...

The Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) is an International Space Station (ISS)-based Space Telescope developed by NASA and devoted to the study of high-energy X-Ray sources in the universe, including but not limited to neutron stars, pulsars, and black holes in stellar systems and active galactic nuclei (AGN). One prominent problem...

A radio telescope captures the radio waves emitted by astronomical objects and generates images of them. Among the different radio telescopes, those specialized in the Terahertz and Sub-Terahertz regions of the spectrum are of great scientific interest. This is because 98% of all photons released since the Big Bang correspond to these frequencies....

The beginning of the 21st century marked the “modern era of galaxy surveys” in astronomy. Rapid innovation in observing technology, combined with the base built by galaxy catalogs and atlases dating back centuries, sparked an explosion of new observational programs driven by efforts to understand the different processes driving galaxy evolution. Th...

The study of space exploration has been studied for a very long time, and as technology has developed, so too have the methods and techniques employed, along with the quantity and type of data acquired. We now receive so much astronomical data, and so much brand new data is being generated every day, that it is physically impracticable to examine i...

Astronomical object classification plays a crucial role in understanding the universe and its phenomena. In this study, the performance of pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures in classifying astronomical objects is evaluated using datasets from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Five models—VGG19, ResNet101V2, ResNet152V2,...

This study explores the effect of charge on a special astronomical object known as a gravastar, which is viewed as an alternative to a black hole. Based on the conjecture put out by Mazur and Mottola in general relativity, the study primarily focuses on the consequences of f (Q) gravity. The internal domain, the intermediate shell, and the external...

This research utilizes the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) dataset, examining 12,884 observations to explore quasars, stars, and white dwarf objects. Magnitude data and coordinates across five filter bands are analyzed, revealing unique features through statistical methods. The identification of 77,429 quasars with 15 dimensions enhances the datase...

Fullerenes have been observed in several astronomical objects since the discovery of C$_ micron micron hereafter), may be related to the formation of fullerenes. In particular, their carriers have been suggested to be mixed aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hydrogenated amorphous carbon (HAC-like hereafter) grains. For this study, we model...

Radio interferometry is a powerful technique that allows astronomers to create high-resolution images of astronomical objects. The distribution of radio telescopes in an interferometer is a critical factor that determines the resolution and sensitivity of the instrument. Traditionally, radio telescopes are distributed in a linear or circular array....

Context . Determining the size distribution of asteroids is key to understanding the collisional history and evolution of the inner Solar System. Aims . We aim to improve our knowledge of the size distribution of small asteroids in the main belt by determining the parallaxes of newly detected asteroids in the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) archive an...

Understanding telescope pointing (i.e., line of sight) is important for observing the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and astronomical objects. The Moon is a candidate astronomical source for pointing calibration. Although the visible size of the Moon (30’) is larger than that of the planets, we can frequently observe the Moon once a month with a...

Zanieczyszczenie światłem na przykładzie Krakowa Streszczenie Rozwój technologii oraz infrastruktury technicznej przyczynił się do rozprzestrzeniania zanieczyszczenia, jakim jest nadmierna iluminacja świetlna. W nowej, zagęszczonej zabudowie zaczęto stosować oświetlenie o intensywnym, źle osłoniętym źródle światła. Spowodowało to zanik naturalnego...

The CH 3 O and CH 2 OH radicals can be important precursors of complex organic molecules (COMs) in interstellar dust. The COMs presumably originating from these radicals were abundantly found in various astronomical objects. Because each radical leads to different types of COMs, determining the abundance ratio of CH 3 O to CH 2 OH is crucial for a...

Black hole is an astronomical object formed from the remnants of the evolution of massive stars that undergoes gravitational collapse. A black hole has a very strong gravitational pull and is characterized by its event horizon, which is the boundary beyond which no information can reach an observer outside the event horizon. In the context of black...

INTRODUCTION In the introduction, I have chosen to elucidate why I opted for this particular topic. Relevance As I have previously mentioned, there is much to contemplate, and perhaps this became the primary reason. In this work, I will convey all the known information about gravitational waves, encompassing theories and assumptions, and I will...

DESCRIPTION OF WORK: Considering that the universe is composed of astronomical objects and astronomical objects are composed of element, and the elements do not contain dark matter and dark energy, how can the universe be composed of dark matter and dark energy?. Dark matter and dark energy do not exist.

In view of the fact that X-ray sources present characteristic spectra that make them unique, the spectral fitting technique has proven to play a fundamental role through the use of models that make it possible to reproduce the observed spectrum, thus making it possible to characterize the type of source that gave rise to it. A tool of paramount imp...

Molecular ions are key intermediates in the buildup of chemical complexity in interstellar clouds. Among the more than 300 interstellar molecules, only eight negative ions, i.e. C2n+1N− (n = 0 − 3) and HC2n− (n = 2 − 5), have been astronomically observed. Understanding the formation mechanism of these ions under the interstellar conditions is essen...

Cultural astronomy remains a vital component of indigenous communities across the world because it represents the preservations of their scientific knowledge. This knowledge consolidates various dimensions of indigenous knowledge systems on navigation, cosmology, religion, time, seasons, ritual, myth, ceremony, law, agriculture, food, economics and...

Accurate distances are key to obtaining intrinsic properties of astronomical objects such as luminosity or size. Globular clusters (GCs) follow a well-defined relation between their absolute magnitudes and internal stellar velocity dispersions (σ), offering an independent way to measure distances to their host galaxies via high-resolution spectrosc...