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Heidegger might interpret "2001: A Space Odyssey" as a philosophical exploration of humanity's relationship with technology, the challenges posed by advanced tools, and the transformative journey of self-discovery in the face of the unknown. The monoliths, as enigmatic tools, disrupt conventional understanding and beckon humanity to transcend its limitations.
Space Odyssey Through Heidegger's Lenses
  1. Instrumentality and Technology:Heidegger distinguished between "ready-to-hand" and "present-at-hand" in his analysis of tools. When a tool is ready-to-hand, it is seamlessly integrated into our activities, and we use it without actively thinking about it. However, when a tool becomes present-at-hand, it becomes an object of contemplation in itself. In "2001: A Space Odyssey," the monoliths can be seen as tools that challenge human understanding, pushing humanity to confront its place in the cosmos. The monoliths disrupt the ordinary way of being and force humans to question their existence and purpose.
  2. Enframing and Alienation:Heidegger's concept of "enframing" (Gestell) refers to the way in which technology frames our understanding of the world. Technology, according to Heidegger, can lead to a form of alienation, where humans view the world solely as a resource to be exploited. In the film, the advanced artificial intelligence HAL 9000 represents a form of technology that, when it malfunctions, poses a threat to human life. This can be interpreted as a cautionary tale about the potential dangers of unbridled technological advancement and the need for humans to maintain control over their creations.
  3. Journey and Becoming:Heidegger's philosophy often involves a sense of journey or quest for authenticity. In "2001: A Space Odyssey," the space voyage represents a literal and metaphorical journey into the unknown. The encounters with the monoliths force humans to confront the limitations of their understanding and to question the essence of their being. The journey becomes a process of self-discovery and transformation.
  4. Transcendence and Openness:Heidegger emphasizes the idea of "Being-toward-death" and the need for individuals to confront their own mortality to live authentically. In the film, the monoliths may symbolize a form of transcendence or a call to a higher understanding. The encounters with the monoliths disrupt the ordinary and open up new possibilities for human existence.
  5. Ambiguity and Unconcealment:Heidegger often spoke of the importance of embracing ambiguity and the hidden aspects of reality. "2001: A Space Odyssey" is known for its ambiguous narrative and open-ended conclusion. The monoliths, like Heidegger's concept of "unconcealment," serve as catalysts for unveiling hidden aspects of the human condition, pushing humanity to grapple with the mysteries of existence.
Space Odyssey through Zhuangzi's Worldview
Chuang Tzu, or Zhuangzi, was an influential Chinese philosopher who lived around the 4th century BCE. His philosophy is associated with Daoism, particularly the Daoist school of thought that bears his name. Zhuangzi's ideas often revolve around the concept of Dao (Tao), spontaneity, and the relativity of things. If Zhuangzi were to provide insights on "2001: A Space Odyssey," he might emphasize the following themes:
  1. Spontaneity and Naturalness:Zhuangzi celebrated spontaneity and naturalness in human action. He might appreciate moments in the film where characters respond intuitively to the challenges presented by the monoliths and the unknown. The idea of going with the flow and adapting to the ever-changing circumstances could resonate with Zhuangzi's emphasis on the Dao as a force that guides without force.
  2. Relativity of Perspectives:Zhuangzi was known for his relativistic view of reality. In "2001: A Space Odyssey," where encounters with monoliths challenge human understanding, Zhuangzi might highlight the relativity of perspectives. Different characters in the film might have different interpretations of the events, reflecting Zhuangzi's idea that reality is subjective and varies from person to person.
  3. Transformation and Change:Zhuangzi's philosophy often involves the idea of transformation and change. The journey in space and encounters with the monoliths could be seen as transformative experiences, akin to Zhuangzi's notion that life is a continuous process of change. The film's exploration of human evolution and the unknown aligns with Zhuangzi's emphasis on embracing the dynamic nature of existence.
  4. Illusory Nature of Reality:Zhuangzi frequently used parables and anecdotes to illustrate the illusory nature of reality. The mysterious monoliths and the cosmic journey in the film might be interpreted by Zhuangzi as symbolic representations of the ever-changing and elusive nature of the Dao. The illusory nature of the space odyssey could resonate with Zhuangzi's teachings about the limitations of fixed perspectives.
  5. Harmony with the Dao:Zhuangzi advocated for living in harmony with the Dao, embracing the natural course of events. In the film, characters are confronted with the unknown, and Zhuangzi might appreciate moments where individuals align themselves with the unfolding events rather than resisting or trying to control them. The acceptance of the mysterious monoliths and the exploration of space could be seen as a harmonious dance with the Dao.
  6. Freedom and Detachment:Zhuangzi valued the idea of freedom and detachment from worldly concerns. In the space odyssey, characters might be seen as transcending earthly limitations and embracing a form of cosmic freedom. Zhuangzi's teachings on letting go of attachments and embracing a carefree attitude could find parallels in the characters' experiences in the vastness of space.
In essence, Zhuangzi might interpret "2001: A Space Odyssey" as a reflection of the Daoist principles of spontaneity, relativity, transformation, the illusory nature of reality, harmony with the Dao, and the pursuit of freedom and detachment in the face of the unknown.
Similarities between Heidegger & Zhuangzi
Martin Heidegger and Zhuangzi (Chuang Tzu) both explored the relationship between humans and tools in their respective philosophical traditions. However, their perspectives, cultural contexts, and philosophical foundations lead to different insights. Here's a comparison and contrast of Heidegger and Zhuangzi in the context of our relationships with tools:
Comparison:
  1. Holistic View of Being: Heidegger: Heidegger emphasizes the holistic nature of human existence and the world. Tools, for him, are an integral part of our engagement with the world and are intertwined with our sense of being. Zhuangzi: Zhuangzi also has a holistic view of existence, emphasizing the interconnectedness of all things. Tools, in this context, are not isolated objects but are embedded in the broader context of the Dao and the natural order.
  2. Existential Engagement:Heidegger: Heidegger's concept of "ready-to-hand" suggests that tools are an extension of ourselves, seamlessly integrated into our activities. They become part of our existence, and our engagement with tools reveals our mode of being-in-the-world. Zhuangzi: Zhuangzi, too, values a spontaneous and natural engagement with the world. Tools, when used in accordance with the Dao, reflect an effortless and harmonious interaction with the environment.
  3. Technology and Alienation:Heidegger: Heidegger is critical of modern technology's tendency to alienate humans from an authentic understanding of being. The "enframing" of technology can lead to a mode of existence where things are seen as mere resources. Zhuangzi:DDifferences
Differences Between Heidegger & Zhuangzi
  1. Cultural Context:Heidegger: Heidegger's philosophy is rooted in Western existential and phenomenological traditions, influenced by thinkers like Aristotle and Kant. His exploration of being and technology is situated in a Western metaphysical framework. Zhuangzi: Zhuangzi's philosophy is deeply rooted in Daoist thought, which emerged in ancient China. His ideas are shaped by the Daoist principles of spontaneity, relativity, and harmony with the natural order.
  2. Attitude Toward Technology:Heidegger: Heidegger's approach to technology is ambivalent. While he critiques modern technology's potential for alienation, he also sees the possibility of a more authentic relationship with technology if approached thoughtfully. Zhuangzi: Zhuangzi's attitude toward tools is more carefree and detached. He sees the potential dangers of becoming too entangled with material possessions and emphasizes a more spontaneous and effortless way of engaging with the world.
  3. Ontological vs. Daoist Framework:Heidegger: Heidegger's analysis is deeply ontological, focusing on the nature of being and our existence in the world. His concerns with technology are situated within the broader context of Western metaphysics. Zhuangzi: Zhuangzi's philosophy is Daoist, emphasizing the Dao as the fundamental principle that underlies existence. Tools are considered in the context of the Dao, highlighting the relativity and spontaneity inherent in the natural order.
In summary, while both Heidegger and Zhuangzi explore the relationship between humans and tools, their perspectives differ in terms of cultural context, philosophical foundations, and the ultimate goals of human existence. Heidegger's analysis is deeply rooted in Western ontology, while Zhuangzi's insights are grounded in Daoist principles of spontaneity and harmony with the natural order.
Way Forward
Suppose we take a Daoist's view, but INSTEAD of the NATURAL ORDER, suppose we COMBINE the NATURAL ORDER WITH THE ARTIFICIAL ORDER OF AI...
If we incorporate the artificial order of AI into Zhuangzi's philosophy, it introduces an interesting dimension, as Zhuangzi's ideas were developed in a context where technology, as we understand it today, did not exist. However, we can speculate on how Zhuangzi might interpret the integration of AI and artificial tools within his philosophical framework:
  1. Spontaneity and Naturalness:Zhuangzi: Zhuangzi might emphasize the need for AI to operate in a way that aligns with the spontaneous and natural flow of the Dao. If AI is developed and used in harmony with the natural order, it could be seen as an extension of the Dao, contributing to the effortless functioning of the world.
  2. Relativity of Perspectives:Zhuangzi: Zhuangzi's relativistic view of reality may apply to AI as well. Different individuals may have varying perspectives on the role and impact of AI, and Zhuangzi might highlight the importance of recognizing the subjective nature of these perspectives.
  3. Transformation and Change:Zhuangzi: Zhuangzi's philosophy emphasizes transformation and change as inherent aspects of existence. In the context of AI, Zhuangzi might view technological advancements as a natural part of the ever-changing Dao, with AI representing a transformative force in the evolution of human society.
  4. Illusory Nature of Reality:Zhuangzi: Zhuangzi's teachings on the illusory nature of reality might prompt contemplation on the role of AI in shaping perceptions and creating virtual realities. Zhuangzi might caution against becoming overly attached to or deceived by the virtual worlds created by AI.
  5. Harmony with the Dao:Zhuangzi: Zhuangzi would likely encourage the development and use of AI in a way that maintains harmony with the Dao. This could involve ensuring that AI systems respect the natural order and do not disrupt the balance of the world.
  6. Freedom and Detachment:Zhuangzi: Zhuangzi's philosophy promotes freedom and detachment from worldly concerns. In the context of AI, he might caution against becoming overly dependent on or attached to artificial tools. Maintaining a sense of freedom from the influence of AI could be seen as aligning with Zhuangzi's teachings.
It's important to note that interpreting Zhuangzi in the context of AI involves some degree of speculation, as his original writings did not anticipate the technological developments we have today. However, by applying his fundamental principles of spontaneity, relativity, transformation, the illusory nature of reality, harmony with the Dao, and freedom and detachment, one can derive insights into how Zhuangzi might approach the integration of AI within the natural and artificial orders.
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Is contradiction an extension of tool qua weapon (矛盾)?
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Assistive technology theory and standardized questionnaire helpful to collect data.
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I will be happy to help
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Who has done or wants to do research on how technology can scale moral courage--can make it far easier to recruit &commit critical mass numbers of volunteers for nonviolent civil resistance. campaigns? And how can I reach them to invite them to a brainstorm session (maybe several) on what might be the behavioral levers that are most likely to motivate most "concerned" but not activist people to minimize their fears sufficiently and inspire "their better angels" to commit to tactics that history has proven are the most effective for achieving positive system change in the battles against greed, racism, autocracy and ignorance; to be able to recruit the numbers necessary to vastly improve our chances to save what is still savable of Mother Nature and democracy in the little time we have left.' Entre to senior level programmers, or crowdfunding social media mavens would also be especially appreciated, as well as possible research interns. Any location.
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Gary cane, I am interested sir.
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I am interested in virtual manipulatives in mathematics and I am looking for projects related to this subject.
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Nice Contribution Antonio Codina Sánchez
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I am developing an assistive communication switch for people with communication disabilities, & for IT control, using voluntary contraction of the tensor tympani muscle of the middle ear. An otoscope camera records the voluntary movement of the drum, and movement detection software triggers the Grid3 assistive technology software. I have proven the concept, but looking for research/ development funding it would be useful to have some idea of prevalence. There are a few series in the literature (eg from Professor Bance) showing upto 8 individuals but no prevalence studies. Is anyone aware of any more information? And for a less scientific indication; do you know if you have TT control?
It would be great to get some preliminary indication of whether this is a rare phenomenon, if you would be willing to complete the survey please? https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/VHZYV9D
Thanks very much for your help and advice
Nick Gompertz
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75% reported prevalence of recognition of TT control.
See below for details & prototype development:
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We are soon starting with a project on assistive technology and work process design in manufacturing for supporting an ageing workforce and facilitate their health.
Do you know examples, projects, papers, etc., that may be useful in this context? Any experiences with such projects?
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Sharing with you a paper published at empower 2018 conference, conducted by IIT Delhi. Hopefully, it gives you a few insights.
EFFICACY OF ASSISTIVE DEVICES IN TERMS OF
BALANCE AND GAIT EFFICIENCY IN GERIATRIC
PATIENTS WITH LOCOMOTOR IMPAIRMENTS:- A
LITERATURE REVIEW
First Author
Yashika kumar
Assistant professor of prosthetics and orthotics
Indian spinal injury center –Institute of Rehabilitation sciences
Vasant kunj Delhi
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Role of Wearable Assistive Technology in healthcare/Cancer.
Wearable assistive technology with sensors to collect data for analysis.
Data analysis of data collected from wearable assistive technology.
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Check this :
Velázquez, R., 2010. Wearable assistive devices for the blind. In Wearable and autonomous biomedical devices and systems for smart environment (pp. 331-349). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
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The Fourth Industrial Revolution is the next generation of industry based cyber-physical systems, such as artificial intelligence, robotics, augmented reality, IoT, 3-D printing, nanotechnology, biotechnology, etc. 
How could you image the classroom of the future?
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Good question. Remember, 4IR is about digitised dynamical systems. That is, things and people interconnected, digitised and fast-moving. So, the education system must emphasize analytics and appreciate sociology. Call it interdisciplinarity.
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In order to make the blind people to read a text in the document.
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This one converts text into speech.
Important references:
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Technological Invention has made our life easy, but these inventions are quickly eating up so many common man's jobs, what is way forward?
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Interesting question...However, the way forward is to keep looking for new economic models that would offer everybody a fair shot. People should also consider being adaptive and continue to acquire new skills and advanced knowledge so they can have this fair shot in a highly competitive job market.
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I have a modulator that through an inductive link, I send my ASK modulated data to the secondary coil and on the secondary part, with some circuit I detect my data, now I want to compare two transmitted data and received data together and calculate bit error rate, as a transmitted data I put an LFSR circuit in the transmitter circuit and use PBRS5 (a pattern of random data producer) .I think that I need some digital electronics information that determine to me how to get data and compare it to the transmitted data. I used serial port for example RS232 to get data. but because of start and stop bit of serial port it was not true(because my random data is not in serial format, it is millions bits of random). so what port should I use and how calculate the bit error rate. I want a true and simple method to calculate this parameter practically.
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Hi,
if I understand your experiment, you want to send the generated data using a serial port. The RS232 mentioned by you has its own protocol. The start and stop bit do not the transmitted data. The workflow of the RS232 port generates these bits themselves and, on the receiving side, the receiver protocol again removes the start and stop bits from the transmitted data.
The problem may be the speed of data generation and RS232 bandwidth (limited speed).
You can compare the input and output data of your experiment with the XOR circuit. If the coincident input and output bits are different, the XOR circuit will generate logic output 1. If you divide the number of logic 1 at the XOR output by the number of tranferred bits, you get the percentage of error tranferred bits.
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The disabled persons may be elderly persons with physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities.
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thank you Joby Titus sir..useful information
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I used Harrison paper "Designing efficient inductive power links for implantable devices", I write equations 9 to 13 of this paper in matlab, but I couldn't get the true answer according to results of paper. I attach my codes. please help me with this code to figure out what is wrong with it?(my guess is that the wrong part is in mutual conductance calculation) (the paper is attached too),
thank for your help :)
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I feel you should have attached the correction to your original question ... As to the correction, I think it's not clear if this was just a printing error in the publication or an error of derivation, propagated into the calculations.
According to Harrison, your parameters should result in k = 0.036. Which results do you get for k, using the erroneous equation resp. the corrected equation?
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I think I should use Lyle's method, but I couldn't find about planar spiral coils. I want to write a code that with getting the number of turns of each planar spiral coils,and radius and z(distance between two coil) I can calculate the coupling coefficient, I will appreciate your help so much.
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thank you so much;) this was exactly what I needed!
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I am trying to calibrate Samsung Galaxy S7 to get real colour from a piece of paper in VR. Any recommendation?
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for those who follow this question, read this: http://www.color-management-guide.com/calibrate-tablets-smartphones.html
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Dalam membuat pemrograman mobile Augmented Reality berbasis Android, sebuah penelitian apakah diharuskan menggunakan Metode MDLC atau SDLC juga tidak apa-apa?
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Dear RIfki.
MDLC atau SDLC hanya konsep saja. Tidak harus menggunakan konsep tersebut. Konsep tersebut termasuk dalam software engineering dimana tahapan pembuatan software dibagi menjadi beberapa tahap.  Kegunaan dari tahapan tersebut adalah untuk memastikan delivery software minim bugs dan semua bagian (animator, deisgner, dan programmer) bekerja dalam scopenya masing-masing.
Jika yang membuat aplikasi hanya 1 atau 2 orang mungkin tidak diperlukan tetapi jika yang membuat aplikasi terdiri dari banyak tim maka perlu strategi khusus agar setiap tim dapat bekerja secara maksimal.
Itu pendapat saya, semoga bermanfaat.
Salam 
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Hi Dear Researchers I would like to make a research about learning programming languages via hardware control such as robotics or arduino 
advantages , disadvantages ....
if you help me to find out some materials doing research i would appreciate it
thank you a lot in advance 
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My answer is NO.  There is no substitute for the classical (traditional) way of learning how to program by first learning program logic, algorithmic reasoning, automata, writing pseudocodes and flow diagrams, etc., etc. These are the foundational elements of computer programming - if the foundation is weak, any castle will crumble no matter how strong its fortress walls. Be patient, learning how to program the right way takes time.  
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I am trying to formulate a research proposal for occupational therapy using the theoretical model of Occupational Adaptation and Vona du Toit Model of Creative Ability. I am trying to discover if one can determine a level of intrinsic motivation; and if through intervention, intrinsic motivation may be improved? Any suggestions, research designs or clarification on studies (outside of occupational therapy) that have addressed this before? 
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Thank you for your input Donna. I certainly appreciate it! Right now I am focused on discovering any correlations that may exist between the OA and the VdTMoCA. For this particular study I will use the Relative Mastery Measurement scale and the Creative Participation Assessment.
I like the idea of conducting further studies using additional measures in order to solidify validity and reliability.
Thank you again!
Joseph Noack, OTR
PhD Student, Texas Woman's University
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any other details would also be welcome
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Thanks. Very helpful.
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Hi,
I found a post on RG from 2014 regarding this system but I wondered if there had been any improvements in the technology since.
The general consensus in 2014 was that the system was not fit for purpose. How are people fairing with it now?
cheers,
David.
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You might want to question the people involved in the IT system? Some of them have been given projects that they can not even complete on time. Do we need to continue to employ such? Did we employ them on merit? 
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I need a tool which can be used as to measure the impact of virtual reality on the education of children specially blind children.
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Thanks again Sir. Mainly I want to measure the impact of Virtual reality on conceptual understanding and science process skill by blind students. As reviewing literature what i learn is that teaching science concept to blind students are difficult due to its abstract nature,but in the mean while it is also true that blind people have disability of eye not the mind and so have the same mental process but they see the world differently. I want to teach science subject to blind students with the use of Virtual reality technology, and it is difficult for me to choose appropriate Virtual Reality technology which works for both blind and low vision children and up to what level science can be understand by blinds.
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Looking for some advice on the use of eye-tracking glasses on toddlers (18 months+). We are interested in the TOBII glasses but are also open to recommendations if experienced users have a more kid friendly product in mind. We're interested in testing in rich environments (science museums, labs, classrooms) and for use in human robot interaction and imitation tasks (amongst other potential uses). 
Any advice on whether commercially available eye trackers can deal with little heads would be very appreciated! 
Thanks!
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Hey Krisryn, 
We use the SMI Eye-Tracking glasses but they might be something too big and heavy for toddlers. I think the glasses are suitable for children aged 3 and over. The advantage is that the glasses are more or less calibration-free.
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We're currently designing a study on the use of technology in treating insomnia. As a part of this we've planned to use wearable technology (e.g., a fitbit) to track sleep patterns. We're looking for a good way to gather the sleep data in a timely manner that doesn't involve hand-entering everything. If we could find an app or method to securely transmit the sleep data on a weekly basis that would be amazing. We'd welcome any help or leads.
Thanks!!
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Evenson, K. R., Goto, M. M., & Furberg, R. D. (2015). Systematic review of the validity and reliability of consumer-wearable activity trackers. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 12, 159. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-015-0314-1
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For example in Dyslexia, Memory retention problems, Poor concentration, Problems of lexical fluency, School stress, Slow learning, and the like.  Especially if simple electronic instruments of medium technology are used.
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I am researching the public wheelchair service in Brazil and I am looking for researchers, institutions, government agencies, services, anyone who had experienced trying to implement WHO best practices regarding wheelchair services to learn from their experience.  
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Tulio:
We are currently involved in a project with ISWP looking at integration of WHO training materials into academic curricula in more- and less-resourced contexts. You could find out more about this by contacting Mary Goldberg (University of Pittsburgh) mgoldberg@pitt.edu or Paula Rushton (University of Montreal) paula.rushton@umontreal.ca
Cheers
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There is a lot of resarch being done on technology enhanced education, e-learning, new technologies for schools or higher education. Also, alot of research in rehabilitation studies or AAC or AAL is carried out on technologies to support handicapped people/ people with disabilities.  It seems that these fields are not yet connected. I find it hard to find literature on issues such as Technology Design for handicapped people, e-learning for handicapped people etc. Can you help? I am interested in exchanging ideas.
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Thank you very much for raising this valuable and inspiring question that also has attracted my research attention recently. Digital literacy has not yet been fully recognized as field for inclusion and special education. For an evidence-based and data driven inclusion to be achieved, intelligent learning and behaviour  assessments and adaptive intervention systems are needed at schools. I am greatly looking forward to discuss the opportunities for such a research endeavour. Best regards, morena
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I mean for example rehabilitation machines specially made to overcome learning disabilities and the like. Or to improve the teaching - learning process, as it was the Teaching Machine made by B.F. Skinner. Mechanical, electrical or electronic devices, but not computer based ones.
Many thanks.
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Consider Abacus if some one knows how to utilize it then it will become mental exercise for them to develop mathematical abilities. 
Secondly use vending machines where we put coins and we get candies it will also enhance their mathematical ability.
There are lots of example (beispiel)  in the present world i mentioned few.
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The emergence of a new generation of autonomous robots, capable to learn on the field, brings a fresh set of challenges and issues. Examples include robots embedded in a self-driving car or an algorithm on the stock-exchange market concluding business deals. That sounds good!....but what about autonomous machines in healthcare? What about ethics and responsability issue?
In agreement with my dual clinical and technological background, I am curious to know what independent scientific community thinks about it
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From what I have read on topic so far, the robots are not yet ready to fully autonomously function in complex social environments with a lot of possible emergencies and exceptions. There are just too many things that could go wrong and are hard to foresee. Therefore,  using autonomous robots as nurses and doctors is not really feasible yet.
Autonomous and semi-autonomous surgical equipment might be another story, but as you mentioned, there are ethical and responsibility issues. So far the community is still trying to figure out what to do with these issues, so I would not expect a wide acceptance of such devices before there is a common agreement about these issues.
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Children with autism have strengths with technology and visuals. They often have weaknesses with handwriting, spelling and both oral and written communication. No research could be found linking children with autism and picture to text software for writing. I was wondering if I missed something.
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Try this article:
Douglas, K. H., Ayres, K. M., Langone, J., & Bramlett, V. B. (2011). The effectiveness of electronic text and pictorial graphic organizers to improve comprehension related to functional skills. Journal of Special Education Technology, 26(1), 43-56. Retrieved from http://ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/863236728?accountid=14872
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As advocates of inclusive education, we sometimes mean well in showing the full faces of children with disabilities (perhaps, well mean) in our promotional materials in an effort to draw attention to our promotional messages. But, should we be promoting how to make the learning environments more inclusive so that other educators can be informed on how to prepare for inclusive education? For example, showing how assistive technology tools can be used to make the learning environment more inclusive. What are your thoughts on this issue?
Many thanks,
Debra
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I think it is an interesting challenging question. But I do not have high experience in this issue, because I am a young lecturer. Thank you for sharing your question. Surely I will learn a lot form pursuing the responds of sophisticated RG members.
Regards,
Mehdi
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I have read many publications about auditory and haptic feedback for supporting obstacle detection, and object identification to visually impaired.
Regarding auditory feedback, there is new a problem introduced by technology called "Masking", that is the difficulty of the visually impaired in listening the environment given he/she has to pay attention to the auditory feedback. Also, usually auditory feedback takes too much time to be learned. Once it is learned, one has to interpret each feedback regarding the current environment and the response time has been too high for using in real conditions.
Regarding tactile feedback, there is the problem of resolution of the hardware (skin actuators, usually matrices of vibe motors) which is not high enough to depict many real case situations. Besides the hardware resolution, there is the difference of sensibility each part of the body has and the fact that many visually impaired are also diabetic, which usually affects the sensitivity of the skin on the limbs...
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I did not see your entire question for some reason, but you may wish to know that I express my views on the best application (strengths, weaknesses, and optimal use) of each sensory system for conveying self-motion and/or looming, and I think that paper may be relevant to your interesting question.
The paper is:
Lawson, B. D. (2014). Tactile Displays for Cueing Self-Motion and Looming: What Would Gibson Think?. Advances in Cognitive Engineering and Neuroergonomics, 11, 3.
[...but it is not only about tactile displays]
Access options include:
1) Check on my ResearchGate to see if it is there;
2) Open my Recent Publications list on ResGate to get my email and I will send it to you that way once you email me.
3) Try looking inside a google book...
4) I don't usually mess w/ ResearchGate that much at work, so sending it to your privately via ResGate should be the last option.
Hope this helps!
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I would like to refer the ADA category of AT to my thesis, but I can't find it on the web page of ADA or on others publications. Could someone please help me? Thanks in advance.
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Thanks dear Marko!
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The potential for assistive technology in learning classrooms for students with disabilities is great. Its benefits include enhancing academic achievement in written expression, reading, mathematics, and spelling; improving organization; and fostering social acceptance.
As defined by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997 (IDEA), an assistive technology device is "any piece of equipment, or product system. . . that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities" [Part A, Sec. 602(1)].
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Dear all, I have designed a set of primers to amplify an DNA fragment about 1 kb... on the Gel the bande was about 200bp, converting to c DNA I ve got also an 200 bp bande! either primer design was wrong, or the coding sequence CDS was not totaly recoverd by the primers?of course I can not believe that the DNA Fragment was without introns just like cDNa.I am working with plant DNA by the way..any Help please?
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Contamination of your gDNA PCR reaction with your cDNA can be another reason. If so, work on the PCR independently and see what happens. Anyway, if no contamination, may design different primers as have been suggested.
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I am currently developing a system for allowing students to undertake embedded systems labs (Arduino and HC12 based) over the internet. This is based on ESXi virtualised hosts connected through networked USB ports. We have an application server running as a booking/LMS system but haven't fully integrated that part yet.
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We have used remote access to manipulate tools and IDEs remotely and a system to manage message exchanging, class organization,... In our solution is also possible to share screen among any two participants of a lab.
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I'm using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) to perform network (Access Point) prioritisation and selection, semantically (context aware). Any ideas for advancement, extension or comparison?
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Quality function deployment (QFD) is a structured method to extract quantitative parameters from qualitative user requirements. It helps to prioritise the parameters to produce justified decisions. In this case, the network selection.
Whereas, QoS is a quantitatively measured performance of network. Specifically, the performance perceived by the users of the network.
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Assistive and Augmented Communication technologies (such as iPad applications) are becoming more popular to lend a voice to non-verbal autistic children. What factors should be considered when designing a case study which measures effectiveness of such applications? 
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Assistive technology Outcome Measurement System (ATOMS): http://www.r2d2.uwm.edu/atoms/
Isolating the Impact of Interventions (I3) Instrumentation
Related Reviews/Papers/Documents
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We're applying for H2020 funding for assistive technologies so an SME or academic partner would be best.
My intention is to run focus groups, observe people interacting with technology or apps, observe people interacting with people to achieve a goal in order to discover the range of personality constructs that help and hinder users trying to achieve a goal. These constructs can then be used to design a multimodal HMI that supports the interactions between the system and the users. Is anyone interested?
You'll need an understanding of human factors techniques
You'll need an understanding of our end user population - in this case the elderly
You'll need to have an open mind about designing software with personality!
You'll need an awareness of cross-cultural differences in behaviour, what is acceptable behaviour in France may not be in England! We want our software to be inclusive.
Experience in developing software to support the elderly or disabled users would be great
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Hi Helen,
great problem to solve. The critical questions to ask are quite multidisciplinary ones and not restricted to one subject area. Most likely, flexible and open approaches are needed, e.g. see our short book on people with complex conditions  (the general issues tackled in the book are much broader than the schooling question): "Educating children with complex conditions" or the work with clinical populations. To achieve inclusion with using software technology cannot only be a matter of word size or screen resolution but rather of soft factors to be defined in a SMART way.  The applied aspect to use non-material resources in a way to help improving inclusion I like in particular.
From an applied point of view, to consider the cultural perspective seems crucial, as, studying politeness in two cultures, we found telling differences and similarities when analysing forms of address, e.g. initiating the first contact between strangers might well have some likeness to situations when getting immersed in computerised communication scenarios.
Journal of Pragmatics, 43 (15). pp. 3807-3821.
If of interest, let me know. Sounds a great project for the elderly.
Kind regards,
Winand.
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Please share your study. And how to evaluate the performance of the designed system? Thank you.
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Many thanks to Alexandra and Peter for your kind sharing. 
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I would like to make contact with some people who might be able to guide me, I am looking from a Psychology / Education perspective but would like to make contact with people using assistive technologies within a classroom setting for research purposes.  Thanks
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Mike Kent and Kate Ellis (Curtin University) have done some very interesting research on disability and technology and are currently editing a new book on disability and social and mobile media. I've only seen the draft list of chapters but there is an entire section on disabilities, technology and education. Worth checking out their existing work and keeping an eye out for forthcoming book - think it is called 'Disability and Social Media' 
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I conduct research topic on application, usefulness and effectivity of assistive technology in patients with disorders of consciousness. It concerns both devices used to diagnose/monitoring (not brain-computer interfaces and eye-trackers - there is a lot of studies), in rehabilitation (mainly motor functions and motor control) and care (better effectivity, less effort of caregivers and families). I have found a few scientific publication so far.
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Using PubMed,  try combined MeSH, and/or MeSH/natural language searches.  And then take a look at related records, making sure that you select Relevance as your major sort function.
Then take those articles that are relevant and then run a cited reference search/related records in Web of Science.
One quick search in PUbMed:  ("Self-help devices"[MeSH]  OR "assistive technology") AND ("Persistent Vegetative State/rehabilitation"[Mesh] OR "consciousness disorders/rehabilitation"[MeSH]).  The use of /rehabilitation targets only those articles that have rehab as a subject heading.
Retrievals include 
Promoting adaptive behavior in persons with acquired brain injury, extensive motor and communication disabilities, and consciousness disorders.
Technology-based intervention to help persons with minimally conscious state and pervasive motor disabilities perform environmentally relevant adaptive behavior.
Microswitch technology and contingent stimulation to promote adaptive engagement in persons with minimally conscious state: a case evaluation.
Two persons with severe post-coma motor impairment and minimally conscious state use assistive technology to access stimulus events and social contact.
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I have been using design processes and some research methods for over 20 years in the field of AT product design as an Industrial Designer. I know which methods I feel work best for New Product Development in this field; however, I'd like to know which one's other researchers, designers and engineers use to research and validate their design solutions.
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Hi Merisa, George -
Some good points here, and I'm not sure I have a good solution. I might have to go away and have a good think about it, but here are my initial thoughts, scrappy though they may be!
Social acceptability is clearly important - and is tied up with much wider issues than just design. Some of it is around self-identity, and when a change in capability hits your sense of who you are and your place in the world, it's not easy to find an appropriate design solution.
In some senses, I think of this as the difference between accessibility and inclusivity - I think of the former as an objective, phsyical or cognitive issue (can I perform the action that I want to perform?), and the latter as a social issue (am I included in the activities I want to do?). That may or may not be a good definition (and I'd be happy to here other views), and certainly play is a great example - just making a game accessible doesn't mean that a child will be included in the game, or won't be bullied or marginalised because of the wider social attitudes. Designers can do a certain amount to design out "toxic" behaviours, but it'll always be a moving target, and emotional attitudes and stigmas can change over time, and in different contexts, which makes them doubly hard to address. Sometimes, we aren't even aware of our prejudices, either.
I certainly take the point regarding the risks involved in mainstreaming AT, and I guess it's an area that goes beyond the design of a single item. There's the risk that as those with more minor impairments are able to use mainstream devices, they are better included, but those who can't are even more marginalised. Or that devices won't be funded, because they are seen as being a luxury (in some cases, funders will provide a £6000 specialist AT system, but not a £500 iPad because an iPad is useful even if you don't have an impairment), and you may end up with stuff that is physically/cognitively accessible - but not economically accessible. And then there's the issue of funding device development - if developers of AT lose a chunk of their income from people shifting away towards more mainstream devices, then again, those who can't use the mainstream devices will find themselves footing the bill one way or another.
Was that the kind of thing you were thinking of, Merisa?
Regards,
Ray
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+Welcome.
Assistive technology [1] can be defined as the technology used to assist people with disabilities. This question explores the effectiveness of assistive technology used in collaborative environments, which may be called collaborative assistive technology, and especially VLEs/LMSs, such as moodle.
Please consider making reference to 1) the kind of special education, 2) the name of VLE/LMS you consider, 3) whether it is an adapted conventional VLE/LMS or an ad hoc developed from scratch 4) anything else you consider noteworthy (e.g. characteristics of the whole setting, assessments, comparisons, results) & 5) interesting references.
Thank you.
[ Featured references:
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We use LMS system developed by Turkish colleauges, however, I support open access and use social media YouTube, iTune etc to save lecture videos so every one can benefit. Open Courseware platforms such as MIT, Coursera , MOOC  can be used for saving the lecture videos, and also some other LMS such as Schoolgy, Edumodo veya Instructure Canvas can be used for LMS. 
However, New information and communication technologies (ICTs) provide educators and learners with an innovative learning environment to stimulate and enhance the teaching and learning process. We work in the university with digital Natives who have been borned with New media and New Technologies, we are introducing the tools that they use in their normal days and relationships. This generation of students thinks and learns differently than any generation that has come before.  We  analyze the new possibilities implied in introducing social networks as an educational tool and thus demonstrate the efficiency of New Technologies in the academic work. We will introduce social media collaborative tools in the classrooms creating a site in Facebook where students can watch the class live online, interact with the instructor. This is what I highly recommend to every professor who is teaching digital natives.
Social Networking Sites (SNSs) such as Facebook are one of the latest examples of communications technologies that have been widely adopted by students and, consequently, have the potential to become a valuable resource to support their educational communications and collaborations with faculty.
Social media offer a variety of ways for students to become involved with their universities. 
There should be no more distance education and face-to-face education separately.  All regular classes should be blended, it must be both at the same time. It must be eLive classes which can be watched live by other students who are not physically in the class, but do not want to miss the class, join the class from wherever he/she is and should be able to ask question to the instructor during the class which is live streamed to YouTube or Facebook.
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I am looking for instruments for the process evaluating a case study.
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Have you looked at bench marks for technology programs accreditation criteria from other institutions. Check out national accreditation schools and go from there
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I read an article in the newspaper about a young lady with this problem and it was so moving. So I came here to ask if anybody knows something about human-computer interaction for this person. They can only move the eyes and have small mouth movement.
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Most of clinical BCIs for patients is still in the phase of research (see e.g. DECODER project). Moreover there are problems in BCIs application in patients with complete locked-in syndrome (CLIS).
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We have been working to make all math materials accessible, but the JAWS reader that our school uses has a lot of issues with math symbols, even something as simple as a mixed number is not read correctly. What system do you use for math? There must be something out there that works.
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Hello,
Andras gave the good answer: it totally depends on what do you mean by "mathematics". Simple maths can be efficiently processed through screen reader and speech synthesis, but mathematics have a bidimentional notation which generate a lot of problems for visually impaired. A voice (like braille notation) gives a single dimensional representation of mathematics, as for music or chemistry. There are two main challenges: providing a good spoken sentence as close as possible to natural language, AND supporting interactions with formulas to help visually impaired people to UNDERSTAND the formulas, not only to have access to the content of formulas. There are several project in these field, as mentioned by Andras, Gopal or Alistair. You could additionally have a look at the MAWEN project (D.Archambault, K.Miesenberger, et al.). For math support in Braille (but for me the issues are very closed), you may check Heumader et al, Mascret et al(;-)), Archambault et al., ... Look at the procedings of the last ICCHP conference in Linz (and former ICCHP).
Best regards,
Bruno
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More research-based than anecdotal. I would like to gather an evidence base, if there is one available.
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Contact my colleague Andrew Sixsmith, Director of the Gerontology Research Centre at Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada about a simplified music player for persons with dementia. Also watch for a forthcoming book edited by Sixsmith and Gutman, to be published shortly by Springer, that has chapters with info relevant to your question.
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I am developing a remote interface for an Android tablet so it would be good to see a code that works for the fake touch to create a mouse pointer on the screen for selection and interaction with apps.
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I was thinking of something like the remote control interface to get a mouse pointer so that someone who can't touch the screen can select an app. Maybe I am using the wrong term since this seems to be similar to multitouch.
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Other discussions in RG are focused on differences between them and that in technology and on assuming that engineering is not science. As argument that in science there are engineers I pointed that all Nobel prize winners invented tool for imaging the matter (in field of Physics and Chemistry) and are accepted as nice scientists. Also in these fields have not modern experimental scientific results without any complicated instrument and technology.
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Dr. Leroy Hood is the best example of this cross-discipline approach and he talks at some length about it here:
I've had the great good pleasure of meeting Dr. Hood and we've all been beneficiaries of his DNA sequencing miracles and medical advancements.