Ascomycota - Science topic

Plant carbon (C) released into the rhizosphere will ultimately impact the bulk soil, varying with soil water status. However, the microbial communities involved, and how they vary between rhizosphere and bulk soil, and under varying water regimes, are little understood. Here, within a continuous 13 CO 2 labeling chamber, a rhizobox-like system was...

Introduction: The soil harbors a diverse array of microorganisms, and these are essential components ofterrestrial ecosystems. The presence of microorganisms in the soil, particularly in the rhizosphere, is clo-sely linked to plant growth and soil fertility.Objective: The primary objective of this study is to assess the potential advantages of inte...

Objective: the present work was done with the objective of identifying endophytic fungi associated with Theobroma cacao L. in Centro, Cunduacán and Comalcalco, locations in the state of Tabasco, Mexico. The molecular identity used was the region of the Internal Transcribed Spaces (ITS), ITS 1 and ITS 4. Design/methodology/approach: the study identi...

Fungi are integral to well-functioning ecosystems, and their broader impact on Earth systems is widely acknowledged. Fossil evidence from the Rhynie Chert (Scotland, UK) shows that Fungi were already diverse in terrestrial ecosystems over 407-million-years-ago, yet evidence for the occurrence of Dikarya ( the subkingdom of Fungi that includes the p...

Lettuce drop caused by Sclerotinia minor is a damaging disease of romaine lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) production in California. Introgression of partial resistance from wild, primitive, or heirloom accessions into modern cultivars could improve integrated management approaches to the disease. Breeding methods for lettuce drop resistance are not we...

Black yeasts comprise a group of Ascomycota of the order Chaetothyriales with highly variable morphology, a great diversity of ecological niches and life cycles. Despite the ubiquity of these fungi, their diversity in freshwater sediments is still poorly understood. During a survey of culturable Ascomycota from river and stream sediments in various...

Structures and functions were varied among roots with different diameters, and responded differently to nitrogen (N) addition, a phenomenon called hierarchical trait. However, the presence of this trait in carbon (C) metabolite of root exudate and rhizosphere microbial community remains unclear. We studied the patterns of C metabolites and microbia...

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a cause of a prevalent and destructive disease that attacks many horticultural food crops, such as lettuce. This soil-borne necrotrophic fungal pathogen causes significant economic losses in worldwide lettuce production annually. Furthermore, current methods utilized for management and combatting the disease, such as bio...

O fungo Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causador do mofo branco, é um fitopatógeno que ataca culturas de grande importância na agricultura e o controle dos seus sintomas tem sido inovador através do emprego do fungo Trichoderma spp. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a caracterização fisiológica de isolados de S. sclerotiorum e avaliar produtos comer...

Endophytes are symbiotic microbes that are mutually beneficial to the plant host and whose number and diversity affect the strength of plant resistance to stresses. The infection of sweetpotato with the scab pathogen can lead to yield losses. However, little is known about how the endophytic flora in sweetpotato respond to scab pathogen infection....

Selective oxidative C–O coupling of hydrazones with diacetyliminoxyl is demonstrated, in which diacetyliminoxyl plays a dual role. It is an oxidant (hydrogen atom acceptor) and an O-partner for the oxidative coupling. The reaction is completed within 15–30 min at room temperature, is compatible with a broad scope of hydrazones, provides high yields...

Fungi play a pivotal role as nature's primary decomposers, thriving in diverse environments, particularly in soil and decaying organic matter. They contribute significantly to the renewal and recycling of materials, making a substantial impact on sustainable development. While research on saprophytic fungi in tropical regions has predominantly cent...

The current list of fungi from Colombia updated in the present review contains a total of 7619 species. The Ascomycota appears as the most diverse group, with 4818 species, followed by the Basidiomycota, with 2555 species. Despite this, we presume that the actual fungal diversity in Colombia could amount to between 105,600 and 300,000 species. Fung...

The BRCA2 tumor suppressor plays a critical role in homologous recombination by regulating RAD51, the eukaryotic homologous recombinase. We identified the BRCA2 homolog in a Basidiomycota yeast, Naganishia liquefaciens . BRCA2 homologs are found in many Basidiomycota species but not in Ascomycota species. Naganishia BRCA2 (Brh2, for BR CA2 h omolog...

Fungal endophytes in plant leaf mesophyll form mutually beneficial associations through carbon assimilation, synthesis of biologically active chemicals, and enhancement of aesthetic and nutritional value. Here, we compared community structure, diversity, and richness of endophytic fungi in the leaves of three bamboo species, including Phyllostachys...

In the eastern United States, populations of the invasive spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula, are abundant and spreading. Four species of naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungi have previously been reported as infecting these planthoppers, with two of these causing epizootics. Nymphal- and adult-stage lanternflies in Pennsylvania and New Yo...

Plasmodiophora brassicae (P. brassicae) is a soil-born pathogen worldwide and can infect most cruciferous plants, which causes great yield decline and economic losses. It is not well known how microbial diversity and community composition change during P. brassicae infecting plant roots. Here, we employed a resistant and a susceptible pakchoi culti...

Background Compared to that of bacteria, the role of gut fungi in obesity development remains unknown. Results Here, alterations in gut fungal biodiversity and composition were confirmed in obese pig models and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Antifungal drugs improved diet-induced obesity, while fungal reconstruction by cohousing or fecal microbiota...

Drought stress restricts plant growth and development. The flowering stage is a period of abundant microbial diversity in the rhizosphere of broomcorn millet. However, the diversity and community structure of rhizosphere fungi during the flowering stage of broomcorn millet and the response mechanism to drought stress are still unclear. In this stud...

Цитира се: Стойков, Д. 2023. Лихенизирани гъби (Ascomycota) от резерват „Купена“. В: Георгиев, Г., Георгиева, М. и др. (ред.) Сборник научни трудове 32 Международна Научна Конференция "Екология и управление на горските ресурси”, 29-30 юни, София. Изд. Авангард Прима. София, с. 90-96. The lichen diversity from this protected area is presented mainly...

Saline–alkali soils exhibit ionic toxicities associated with neutral salinity, as well as a high pH that hinders the exclusion of sodium ions and absorption of vital nutrients; thus, obstructing the development of coastal shelterbelts. A three-year field experiment using a high-soil-pH site was conducted for this study to investigate the influences...

Climate and detritus influence soil organic carbon (SOC) and labile SOC fractions by affecting soil microbial communities. However, it is not clear how, or to what extent, different detritus treatments affect soil microbial communities and SOC content in karst landscapes during different seasons. Plots in a karst landscape were treated with differe...

Medicinal plants maintain structures and diversities of bacteria, fungi, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) that can interact to promote growth and therapeutic properties. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the microbiome of Lippia alba and Petiveria alliacea, species known for their high potential for medicinal benefits in...

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a highly destructive fungal pathogen that seriously damages the yield and quality of Brassica napus worldwide. The complex interaction between the B. napus and S. sclerotiorum system has presented significant challenges in researching rapeseed defense strategies. Here, we focus on the infection process of...

Microbial communities play an important role in water quality regulation and biogeochemical cycling in freshwater ecosystems. However, there has been a lack of research on the seasonal variation of sediment microorganisms in the sediments of small river basins in typical semi-arid region. In this study, high-throughput DNA sequencing was used to in...

During the course of a project investigating culturable Ascomycota diversity from freshwater sediments in Spain, we isolated 63 strains of cycloheximide-resistant fungi belonging to the order Onygenales. These well-known ascomycetes, able to infect both humans and animals, are commonly found in terrestrial habitats, colonizing keratin-rich soils or...

Filamentous fungi produce several beneficial secondary metabolites, including bioactive compounds, food additives, and biofuels. Trichoderma, which is a teleomorphic Hypocrea that falls under the taxonomic groups Ascomycota and Dikarya, is an extensively studied fungal genus. In an ongoing study that seeks to discover bioactive natural products, we...

Description d’une nouvelle espèce de champignon lichénicole non lichénisé, Zwackhiomyces lecaniae D. Gonnet, O. Gonnet et Cl. Roux, parasite du thalle et des apothécies de Lecania olivacella (remarque sur ce dernier). Comparaison de la nouvelle espèce avec les autres Zwackhiomyces connus. Rectificatif sur les réactions avec I des Zwackhiomyces indi...

Lors de l'étude de la flore et de la végétation liché-nique de quatre réserves naturelles des Pyrénées-Orien-tales, le premier auteur avait découvert à Nyer (en 2007) un Lichenostigma sur Umbilicaria cylindrica, non décrit dans la littérature lichénologique, mais qu'il avait nommé provisoirement Lichenostigma sp. 23 (Roux et al. 2011 : 39) faute d'...

Soil quality is an important determinant of soil-use efficiency in the Loess Plateau. However, there is no in-depth study on the soil quality of the Loess Plateau. The present study compared the quality of the 0–20 cm soil layer (T0-20) and the 20–40 cm soil layer (T20-40) from the Guyuan region located in the Loess Plateau. The analysis revealed t...

South Africa is a semi-arid country in need of soil conservation methods for sustainable agroecosystem practices. Over time, researchers have worked extensively on the plant growth beneficial effects of fungi. However, archaeal groups in the soil and rhizosphere of different plants are under-studied. The impact of soil edaphic factors on the commun...

The ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6), as the only member of the Arf family III protein, has been extensively studied for its diverse biological functions in animals. Previously, the Arf6 protein in Magnaporthe oryzae was found to be crucial for endocytosis and polarity establishment during asexual development. However, its role remains unclear in S...

Black rot disease, caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata Ellis & Halsted, severely affects both plant growth and post-harvest storage of sweet potatoes. Invertase (INV) enzymes play essential roles in hydrolyzing sucrose into glucose and fructose and participate in the regulation of plant defense responses. However, little is known about the functions o...

Fungi have important ecological functions in the soil of forests, where they decompose organic matter, provide plants with nutrients, increase plant water uptake, and improve plant resistance to adversity, disease, and disturbance. A forest fire presents a serious disturbance of the local ecosystem and can be considered an important component affec...

Stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum poses a significant threat to global agriculture, leading to substantial economic losses. To explore innovative integrated pest management strategies and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, this study examined the impact of nano-silicon on enhancing resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Brassica napu...

For the first time, associations of microscopic fungi and nematodes were found in bottom sediments, periphy-ton and on driftwood in the Black Sea. Antagonistic relationships between microscopic fungi and nematodes are considered: fungi and fungal-feeding nematodes; nematophagous fungi and nematodes. In laboratory conditions, fungal-feeding nematode...

A novel virus infecting a Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis plant, tentatively named "Paris polyphylla chlorotic mottle virus" (PpCMV), was discovered in the city of Lijiang, Yunnan Province, China. Its genome consists of 6384 nucleotides (nt), excluding the 3′-terminal poly(A) tail, and contains two open reading frames: ORF1 and ORF2. ORF1 is 6150...

Mycoparasitism is a key feature of Trichoderma (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) biocontrol agents. Recent studies of intracellular signal transduction pathways of the potent mycoparasite Trichoderma atroviride revealed the involvement of Tmk1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), in triggering the mycoparasitic response. We previously showed that mu...

Fusion of individual vesicles carrying membrane-building materials with the plasma membrane (PM) enables gradual cell expansion and shape change. Constricting ring (CR) cells of carnivorous fungi triple in size within 0.1-1 s to capture passing nematodes. Here, we investigated how a carnivorous fungus, Drechslerella dactyloides, executes rapid and...

Shar Mountain is one of the largest mountain ranges in Republic of North Macedonia, distinguished by outstanding biodiversity, first and foremost owing to the presence of various climate and vegetation features. Published data on the mycota of Shar Mt. is scarce; they refer to specific areas, and there are no systematic data available on occurrence...

Introduction Lead (Pb) pollution in agricultural soil has been accelerated by industrial development and human activities, and poses a major threat to agricultural ecosystems. Both biochar and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi are considered to play an important role in remediation of Pb contaminated soil. Methods The combined remediation effects o...

Due to the appearance of isolated resistant cases of Candida spp. to known antifungal drugs, there is a demand and concern in finding and testing new substances for the treatment of candidiasis. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory potential of the fungus Geastrum saccatum (Basidiomycota: Geastraceae) over some Candida (Ascomycota: Debaryomy...

Recalcitrant rice blast disease is caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, which has a significant negative economic reverberation on crop productivity. In order to induce the disease onto the host, M. oryzae positively generates many types of small secreted proteins, here named as effectors, to manipulate the host cell for the purpose of stimulating pathoge...

The Qilian Mountains (QLMs) form an important ecological security barrier in western China and a priority area for biodiversity conservation. Potentilla parvifolia is a widespread species in the mid‐high altitudes of the QLMs and has continuously migrated to higher altitudes in recent years. Understanding the effects of P. parvifolia on microbial c...

While conducting a survey of freshwater fungi in the temperate region of southern Australia, we came across two previously undiscovered anamorphic Ascomycota, a phoma-like coelomycete and a dictyochaeta-like hyphomycete. The coelomycetous fungus was classified in the family Morosphaeriaceae (Pleosporales) as a new genus, primarily supported by mole...

More specimens of Hydnotrya have been collected from southwestern China in recent years. Morphological and molecular analyses showed that they belonged to three species of Hydnotrya , of which two are new to science, H. oblongispora and H. zayuensis . The third one was H. laojunshanensis , previously reported in 2013. The new species are described,...

Laboulbeniales ( Ascomycota ) are an order of understudied, biotrophic microfungi uniquely associated with arthropods. More than 2300 species are described but only a fraction of those have been sequenced. Molecular studies have shown that cryptic diversity and phenotypic plasticity are present within the Laboulbeniales . Thus far, all of the 146 g...

Molecular phylogenetic and chemical analyses, and morphological characterization of collections of North American Paraisaria specimens support the description of two new species and two new combinations for known species. P. cascadensis sp. nov. is a pathogen of Cyphoderris (Orthoptera) from the Pacific Northwest USA and P. pseudoheteropoda sp. nov...

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungus with broad distribution and host range. Bioactive compounds derived from plant extracts have been proven to be effective in controlling S. sclerotiorum . In this study, the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum was effectively inhibited by maleic acid, malonic acid, and their combinati...

Invasive fungal diseases are a public health problem. They affect a constantly increasing number of at-risk patients, and their incidence has risen in recent years. These opportunistic infections are mainly due to Candida sp. but less common or rare yeast infections should not be underestimated. These so-called “less common” yeasts include Ascomyco...

Aureobasidium pullulans (A. pullulans), a commonly found yeast-like fungus, exhibits adaptability to a wide range of pH environments. However, the specific mechanisms and regulatory pathways through which A. pullulans respond to external pH remain to be fully understood. In this study, we first sequenced the whole genome of A. pullulans using Nanop...

We assessed fungal diversity in water and sediment samples obtained from five Arctic lakes in Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard Islands, High Arctic) and five Antarctic lakes on Livingston and Deception Islands (South Shetland Islands), using DNA metabarcoding. A total of 1,639,074 fungal DNA reads were detected and assigned to 5980 ASVs amplicon sequence varia...

More than 20 years after remedial measures were carried out, six plots (Š1 – Š6) at the Šobov locality were examined in more detail. From a pedological viewpoint, the physico-chemical differences of the soils in these areas are not the result of pedogenesis. This is the effect of extremely acidic mineralised solutions that have leaked from or are s...

Microsphaeropsis, taxonomically classified within the kingdom fungi, phylum Ascomycota, subphylum Deuteromycotina, class Coelomycetes, order Sphaeropsidales, and family Sphaeropsidaceae, exhibit a ubiquitous distribution across various geographical regions. These fungi are known for their production of secondary metabolites, characterized by both s...

High concentrations of arsenic in soil and plant systems are a threat to human health and ecosystems. The levels of phosphate ions in the soil strongly influence the soil efficacy and arsenic absorption by plants. This study investigated the effects of phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF) on environmental factors and structural changes in microbial c...

Botrytis spp. and Sclerotinia spp. are fungal plant pathogens of major agricultural importance. These related fungi, both of the family Sclerotiniaceae, target many economically important crops, and a lot of fungicides are currently employed worldwide in an effort to control them. Urgent interventions are required to better understand these pathoge...

Background: Studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiome changes upon exposure to systemic antibiotics. There is a paucity of literature regarding impact on the gut microbiome by long-term usage of erythromycin ethyl succinate (EES) when utilized as a prokinetic. Methods: Stool samples from pediatric patients with feeding intolerance who re...

The Drosophila eye is a powerful model system to study the dynamics of cell differentiation, cell state transitions, cell maturation, and pattern formation. However, a high-resolution single cell genomics resource that accurately profiles all major cell types of the larval eye disc and their spatiotemporal relationships is lacking. Here, we report...

The lichen genus Rinodina in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is revised on the basis of extensive materials collected by the authors in 1974–2022. Twenty-four species of this genus have been recorded for the lichen biota of Yakutia. Eight species are recorded for the first time: Rinodina cinereovirens, R. confragosa, R. conradii, R. intermedia, R....

The intricate regulatory process governing rice immunity against the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae remains a central focus in plant–pathogen interactions. In this study, we investigated the important role of Osa-miR11117, an intergenic microRNA, in regulating rice defense mechanisms. Stem-loop qRT-PCR analysis showed that Osa-miR11117 is responsi...

The effectiveness of two biological control agents, Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) against nymphs and adults of Neophilaenus campestris (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) was determined under laboratory conditions. First, different nymphs stages of N. campestris were...

Sunflower is an important commercial crop that serves as a significant source of food for human consumption, However, the crop is vulnerable to several diseases, including Sclerotinia head rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S.S) and phomopsis stem canker caused by multiple species of Diaporthe, among them Diaporthe. gulyae (DG). Management of...

To explore the microbial community structure and ecological function of mulberry and their potential relationship with the resistance of mulberry, the community structure and function of endophytic fungi in 18 mulberry cultivars were analyzed and predicted by using high-throughput sequencing technology and the FUNGuild database. A total of 352 oper...

Karst caves are distinctive ecosystems that have limited nutrients, darkness, low to moderate temperatures, and high moisture levels, which allow for a diverse range of fungal communities to thrive. Despite their significance, little is understood about the fungi found in karst caves in Thailand. In 2019, we studied the cultured mycobiota from five...

Fungi are ubiquitous organisms that secrete different enzymes to cleave large molecules into smaller ones so that can then be assimilated. Recent studies suggest that fungi are also present in the oceanic water column harboring the enzymatic repertoire necessary to cleave carbohydrates and proteins. In marine prokaryotes, the cell-free fraction is...