Arousal - Science topic

هدفت الدراسة إلى تقييم واقع ممارسة القيادة التحويلية لدى مديرات مدارس المرحلة المتوسطة من وجهة نظر المعلمات بمحافظة حفر الباطن، وأثر متغيري (سنوات الخبرة، الدورات التدريبية)، في إجابات المعلمات، واستخدمت الباحثة الاستبانة كأداة تم توزيعها على عينةعشوائية بلغت (151)معلمة بالمدارس المتوسطة بمحافظة حفر الباطن واتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي المسحي وبينت...

We supposed that past contradictory findings on the efficiencies of emotion regulation strategies might comefrom temporal resolution limitations and we proposed the use of a difference index to gain sensitivity for signaldifferences. 102 participants reappraised, suppressed, or just watched positive or negative images, while experience, expressivit...

Online reviews are a significant part of decision-making processes of customers and organizations. Varying user rating behaviors and lack of consistency between ratings and expressed user opinion in reviews have been a subject of recent studies. This paper provides insights into forms of bias affecting users' evaluations in urban destination review...

The importance of astronauts selection and traning in former NASA space missions was well studied and implemented. However the planned long term missions like Gateway space station and future moon base operations require a new remote medical supervision technology [1] and procedures [2]. The deterioration of sleep structure during long term stay on...

Coloured noises are sound signals whose power spectra result from stochastic processes. They have wide-ranging applications for enhancing memory consolidation, sleep quality, and attentional mechanisms, among others. The main feature of coloured noises is the dissimilarities in their power spectral density (PSD), exhibiting distinct 1/f structures...

Exemplars of concepts vary in their degree of prototypicality. This is also true for emotion concepts. This study presents prototypicality ratings for a large set of Chinese words. The database contains 636 potential Chinese emotion words (i.e., words that directly express particular emotions, like “高兴 happy” and “哀愁 sad”), from different grammatic...

Sleep and feeding patterns lack a clear daily rhythm during early life. As diurnal animals mature, feeding is consolidated to the day and sleep to the night. Circadian sleep patterns begin with formation of a circuit connecting the central clock to arousal output neurons; emergence of circadian sleep also enables long-term memory (LTM). However, th...

Color significantly shapes our perceptions of the world, and extensive scientific research has explored various aspects of color, including color linguistics, aesthetics, color and marketing, color therapy, and color psychology. Notably, there has been an increasing interest in understanding the psychological domain of color in recent years. Howeve...

Uncertainty about potential future threats and the associated anxious anticipation represents a key feature of anxiety. However, the neural systems that underlie the subjective experience of threat anticipation under uncertainty remain unclear. Combining a novel uncertain shock anticipation paradigm that allows precise modulation of the level of mo...

Background: Adequate sleep is an essential element for maintaining good health. Sleep disturbances in the general community particularly among university students are an essential health problem to be addressed. "Sleep disturbance" is defined by the sleep foundation as an interruption of sleep that results in arousal or awakening. The goal of this...

When we think about emotional ambiguity, we usually think about the feeling of ambivalence. However, in a recently proposed model, ambiguity might also be present in different emotional spaces, such as origin (dimensions of automaticity and reflectiveness) and activation (arousal and subjective significance) as proposed in the basics of dual-proces...

Introduction Sexual dysfunction in women with HIV is a necessary but understudied aspect of HIV complications in women living with HIV. This study reports the prevalence, pattern, and risk factors for sexual dysfunction in women living with HIV in southwest Nigeria. Methods A validated Female Sexual Function Index was used to determine sexual dysfu...

Insomnia can be measured by the satisfaction with sleep, the perception or complaint of inadequate or poor-quality sleep due to number of factors, such as difficulty falling asleep, walking up frequently during the night with difficulty returning to sleep, waking up too early in the morning or unrefreshing sleep. Insomnia is a very common problem i...

Háttér és célkitűzések Az erőszakos, kellemetlen vagy halálhoz köthető tartalmak iránti érdeklődés a morbid kíváncsiság mértékével jellemezhető. Az ilyen tartalmak általában félelmet, undort, illetve elkerülő viselkedést váltanak ki, ugyanakkor egyes embereket a kiváltott arousal emelkedés miatt mégis vonzanak. A jelenség részletesebb feltárásával...

Objective Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are suitable for being model animals in the study of consciousness and loss of consciousness (LoC) with a similar brain structure and function to humans. However, there is no effective consciousness assessment scale for them. This study aimed to develop a behavioral assessment scale of consciousness for NHPs. Met...

Real time physiological signals like Electrodermal Activity (EDA), measured using wearable devices, could be used for emotion recognition, thus enabling new paradigms of health monitoring, including mental health. This paper analyses EDA signals, a measure of sympathetic nervous system activity, which plays a significant role in emotional regulatio...

To provide insights into the neurophenomenological richness after psilocybin intake, we investigated the link between brain dynamics and the ensuing alterations of reported experience. Healthy participants received either psilocybin (n=22) or placebo (n=27) while in ultra-high field 7T MRI scanning. Experiential changes were quantified using the 5-...

Introduction Even though infant crying is a common phenomenon in humans’ early life, it is still a challenge for researchers to properly understand it as a reflection of complex neurophysiological functions. Our study aims to determine the association between neonatal cry acoustics with neurophysiological signals and behavioral features according t...

In this article, I trace some virtual and spatial elements present in urban environments today. These elements inevitably foster the continued proliferation of exhibitionism and voyeurism. We confront an atmosphere interwoven with visuals, unceasing streams of information, the extensive incorporation of windows, glass, and mirrors in architecture,...

The acquisition of physiological signals for analyzing emotional experiences has been intrusive, and potentially yields inaccurate results. This study employed infrared thermal images (IRTIs), a noninvasive technique, to classify user emotional experiences while interacting with business-to-consumer (B2C) websites. By manipulating the usability and...

Emotional arousal is known to enhance episodic memory in young adults. However, compared to valence, little is known about how healthy aging impacts arousal-enhanced memory effects. Furthermore, while emotion regulation is believed to improve with age, it is unclear how individual differences in emotion regulation influence arousal-enhanced memory....

Introduction: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by abnormal processing of performance-related social stimuli. Previous studies have shown altered emotional experiences and activations of different sub-regions of the striatum during processing of social stimuli in patients with SAD. However, whether and to what extent social comparisons...

Objective: The goal of the study was to find out if, in a society where there is a large community of people for whom the official state language is a second language, they prefer to listen to state-language radio advertisements in the same performance style as listeners for whom the official state language is their first language. Method: An expe...

Consistent evidence reported that people synchronize more easily with sequences' tempi that are closer to their preferred motor rates (Spontaneous Motor Tempo, SMT) than with ones that are faster or slower. The pupils' activity can be used as a proxy to study bodily states such as arousal and higher-level cognition. Specifically, pupil dilations ar...

Neural activity in the claustrum has been associated with a range of vigilance states, yet the activity patterns and efficacy of synaptic communication of identified claustrum neurons have not been thoroughly determined. Here we show that claustrum neurons projecting to the retrosplenial cortex were most active during synchronized cortical states s...

We first want to thank the authors of the excellent review for their contributions to summarizing the confounders associated with critical flicker fusion frequency (CFFF) [1]. We read this review with great interest as the publication significantly broadened with this aspect of the summary we wrote [2]. The main problem with flickering light is tha...

Despite of efforts made to model emotion ambiguity and develop ambiguity aware emotion prediction systems, there is a need for a quantitative and interpretable measure of the accuracy of such systems, regardless of recent advances in representing emotion ambiguity through probability distributions. In this paper, we propose a novel measure called t...

The physiological process of emotion is a comprehensive human state brought on by the conscious and unconscious observation of circumstances connected with various aspects like motivation, personality, and mood. In daily life, emotions are more important while making decisions, communicating, etc. The state-of-art techniques often classified differ...

Although preoperative anxiety affects up to 75% of children undergoing surgery each year and is associated with many adverse outcomes, we know relatively little about individual differences in how children respond to impending surgery. We examined whether patterns of anterior brain electrical activity (i.e., a neural correlate of anxious arousal) m...

Situationales Interesse ist für Lernprozesse und deren Ergebnisse bedeutsam. Herausforderungen für Lehrende stellen sich insbesondere dann, wenn kaum individuelles Interesse und wenig Vorwissen bei Lernenden bestehen. Situationales Interesse kann durch die Merkmale der Lehr-Lern-Situationen beeinflusst werden. Insbesondere didaktisch durchdachte, m...

Background Sleep disorders (SDs) are a symptom of the prodromal phase of neurodegenerative disorders that are mechanistically linked to the protein α-synuclein (α-syn) including Parkinson’s disease (PD). SDs during the prodromal phase could result from neurodegeneration induced in state-controlling neurons by accumulation of α-syn predominant early...

Substantial research has supported using musical stimuli as an ergogenic aid before and during various forms of exercise. Researchers have demonstrated that music shifts attention from associative to dissociative, decreases perceived effort and discomfort, and increases arousal and pleasantness in longer‐duration, low‐to‐moderate‐intensity exercise...

Perception is a probabilistic process dependent on external stimulus properties and one’s internal state. However, which internal states influence perception and via what mechanisms remain debated. We studied how spontaneous alpha-band activity (8-12 Hz) and pupil fluctuations impact visual detection and confidence across stimulus contrast levels (...

Interactions entail a tangled mix of emotional states that emerge between the people who are communicating. Being capable of comprehending these states help us to adapt to our partner's needs enhancing the interaction. In the same fashion, we believe that robots capable of such skills would be better integrated in society. Hence, this paper tackles...

Lafora Disease (LD) is a syndrome of progressive myoclonic epilepsy and cumulative neurocognitive deterioration caused by recessively inherited genetic lesions of EPM2A (laforin) or NHLRC1 (malin). Neuropsychiatric symptomatology in LD is thought to be directly downstream of neuronal and astrocytic polyglucosan aggregates, termed Lafora bodies (LBs...

Dynamic emojis are a form of nonverbal communication used in social programs to express emotions during conversations. Studies have shown that different dynamic effects can influence users’ emotional perceptions. Previous studies have focused on the emotional responses elicited by static emojis, while the emotional responses to dynamic emojis have...

Objective: Public safety personnel (e.g., correctional workers, firefighters, paramedics, police officers) are frequently exposed to potentially traumatic events (PPTE) and report posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) difficulties more frequently than the general population. The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) is a commonly used measure to screen p...

Introduction The clinical diagnosis of disorders of arousal (DOA) is based primarily on a clinical history including amnesia for episodes. The presence of amnesia means the patient cannot provide direct evidence. In a forensic setting, when the defendant has been charged criminally with violent actions or sexual related assaults allegedly during sl...

Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder (distressing, long-lasting impairments in sexual desire and/or arousal) is common in women, but few have access to efficacious psychotherapies, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based therapy (MBT). eSense, an online program meant to maximize treatment access, has been shown to be a feasib...

Social networks can provide insights into the emotions expressed by a society. However, the dynamic nature of emotions presents a significant challenge for policymakers, politicians, and communication professionals who seek to understand and respond to changes in emotions over time. To address this challenge, this paper investigates the frequency,...

Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are generated from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) that express neurotransmitter receptors. However, the mechanisms that affect OPC activity in vivo and the physiological roles of neurotransmitter signaling in OPCs are unclear. In this study, we generated a transgen...

Objective Nocturnal animals forage and eat during the night and sleep during the day. When food is available only for a short period during the day, animals develop a catabolic state and exhibit locomotor behavior before accessing food, termed food anticipatory activity. Consequently, there is a disruption in the sleep pattern. The present study ai...

Background Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) still affects millions of people worldwide despite great advances in therapeutic approaches in the cardiovascular field. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is known to improve disease-related symptoms, quality of life and clinical outcomes, yet implementation is suboptimal, a frequently low engagement in rehabilitati...

This article aims to elaborate on Collins’ theory of Interaction Ritual Chains by proposing the concept of emotional ambience as a complement to emotional energy. Interaction ritual chains describe how collective actions and shared cognitive and affective orientations within a group contribute to feelings of unity and reverence towards the group’s...

People reliably associate visual aesthetic features such as curvature and symmetry with tastes. In the present study, considering the transitive hypothesis of crossmodal correspondences, we evaluate whether these findings extend to the relationship between sound aesthetic features and tastes, and whether feature-based congruency or affective primin...

In the last decade, museums and exhibitions have benefited from the advances in Virtual Reality technologies to create complementary virtual elements to the traditional visit. The aim is to make the collections more engaging, interactive, comprehensible and accessible. Also, the studies regarding users’ and visitors’ engagement suggest that the rea...

Essential tremor (ET) amplitude is modulated by visual feedback during target driven movements. In a grip force task, tremor amplitude increased during large scale visual feedback compared to a condition with low scale visual feedback. It has not been examined whether visual feedback exclusively modulates target force tremor amplitude or if other a...

We present here the ANTI-Vea platform (ANTI-Vea-UGR; https://anti-vea.ugr.es/index.php). It is a free public website that our team has developed for online collecting and analyzing data obtained with the Attentional Network Test for Interactions and Vigilance – executive and arousal components (ANTI-Vea), and its different subversions. Using this t...

Purpose: ambulatory, cuff-less blood pressure (BP) measurement devices are a promising trend to alleviate the strains of conventional, cuff-based BP determination. cuff-less devices circumvent discomfort and nocturnal arousal reactions which can be triggered by cuff inflation from conventional, cuff-based ambulatory blood pressure measurement devic...

The Attentional Networks Test for Interactions and Vigilance—executive and arousal components (ANTI-Vea) is a computerized task of 32 min duration in the standard format. The task simultaneously assesses the main effects and interactions of the three attentional networks (i.e., phasic alertness, orienting, and executive control) and two dissociated...

Traffic congestion can lead to negative driving emotions, significantly increasing the likelihood of traffic accidents. Reducing negative driving emotions as a means to mitigate speeding, reckless overtaking, and aggressive driving behaviors is a viable approach. Among the potential methods, affective speech has been considered one of the most prom...

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals exhibit low amplitude, complex background noise, randomness, and significant inter-individual differences, which pose challenges in extracting sufficient features and can lead to information loss during the mapping process from low-dimensional feature matrices to high-dimensional ones in emotion recognition algori...

Acoustic perception of emotions in speech is relevant for humans to navigate the social environment optimally. While sensory perception is known to be influenced by ambient noise, and bodily internal states (e.g., emotional arousal and anxiety), their relationship to human auditory perception is relatively less understood. In a supervised, online p...

The influence of cuff inflations on night-time measurements during 24 h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) measurements is unknown. We investigated the potential effect of cuff inflations on sleep parameters using measurements taken simultaneously with a cuffless device using pulse-transit-time (PTT). On the first day of measurement, standard cuff-base...

p>Sleep plays a crucial role in our overall health and well-being. Analyzing sleep stages and the frequency of arousals can enhance our understanding of sleep quality and help protect individuals' sleep health. This study delves into the application of deep learning for the simultaneous tasks of sleep staging and sleep arousal identification using...

Stress is a major determinant of health and wellbeing. Conventional stress management approaches do not account for the daily-living acute changes in stress that affect quality of life. The combination of physiological monitoring and non-invasive Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS) represents a promising technological approach to quantify stress-ind...

p>Sleep plays a crucial role in our overall health and well-being. Analyzing sleep stages and the frequency of arousals can enhance our understanding of sleep quality and help protect individuals' sleep health. This study delves into the application of deep learning for the simultaneous tasks of sleep staging and sleep arousal identification using...

This study examines the modulatory effect of contextual hedonic olfactory stimuli on the visual processing of neutral faces using event-related potentials (ERPs) and effective connectivity analysis. The aim is to investigate how odors' valence influences the cortical connectivity underlying face processing, and the role arousal enhanced by faces pl...

There is an increasing need for distress emotion acknowledgement and channeling the same is very important. There is an increasing need for machines to understand human and their complex emotions deeply. This research describes a unique framework for emotion detection that helps brain-computer interface/machine (BCI) to understand human emotions an...

In musical affect research, there is considerable discussion on the best method to represent affective response. This discussion mainly revolves around the dimensional (valence, tension arousal, energy arousal) and discrete (anger, fear, sadness, happiness, tenderness) models of affect. Here, we compared these models’ ability to capture self-report...

Large language models, in particular generative pre-trained transformers (GPTs), show impressive results on a wide variety of language-related tasks. In this paper, we explore ChatGPT's zero-shot ability to perform affective computing tasks using prompting alone. We show that ChatGPT a) performs meaningful sentiment analysis in the Valence, Arousal...

The author proposes Emotion Mechanics to formulate human emotions using a mechanical principle. The core idea is that free energy represents the prediction error with uncertainty processed in the brain as an arousal potential, and that its potential and fluctuations induce emotion valence. Decreasing and increasing free energy induce positive and n...

Introduction: Nonbinary people (i.e., individuals who define their gender as neither male nor female), as a marginalized population, may experience specific challenges and advantages in romantic and sexual relationships. Few studies have explored this issue in depth. The goal of this work is to enrich research in this field by highlighting what are...

Objective: Previous research suggests differential effects of participant-selected (PS) vs. researcher-selected (RS) music on emotional responses to music listening. This study investigates whether such selection strategies, as well as gender, influence (1) stress and (2) mood responses. Additionally, we examine the role of (3) stimulus-induced emo...

Resumen: La intención del presente artículo es realizar una revisión de las investigaciones previas que se centran en el análisis de la expresión verbal de las emociones en lenguas adicionales. Dado el auge que el estudio en el campo de las emociones está teniendo en la Lingüística Aplicada desde inicios de los años 90 del siglo pasado, se precisa...

Previous research has shown that the use of short flm clips is one of the most successful and widely-used methods of emotion elicitation. Nevertheless, there is a high degree of audiovisual variation across flm clips, resulting in a trade-of in terms of controllability. To address this complexity, the present study aimed to investigate the potentia...

Objective: To investigate individual effects of a three-week sleep robot intervention in adults with ADHD and insomnia, and to explore participants' experiences with the intervention. Methods: A proof-of-concept study with a mixed-methods design (n = 6, female = 4) where a repeated ABA single-case study was combined with interviews. Data were co...

Biocybernetic loops encompass users' state detection and system adaptation based on physiological signals. Current adaptive systems limit the adaptation to task features such as task difficulty or multitasking demands. However, virtual reality allows the manipulation of task-irrelevant elements in the environment. We present a physiologically adapt...

Threat-anticipatory defensive responses have evolved to promote survival in a dynamic world. While inherently adaptive, aberrant expression of defensive responses to potential threat could manifest as pathological anxiety, which is prevalent, impairing, and associated with adverse outcomes. Extensive translational neuroscience research indicates th...

Despite the number of researches made on the problem of developing communication skills in children with autism spectrum disorders (hereinafter ASD), there are still many issues in this area covered insufficiently. Significant difficulties appear at the first stage of developing communication skills, when the children with ASD have not yet formed a...