Aromatic Hydrocarbons - Science topic

Bitumen emits a large amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the production and construction of asphalt mixture, which can cause both environmental hazards and health risks. In this study, a setup was designed to collect the VOCs released by base and crumb rubber-modified bitumen (CRMB) binders and their composition was characterized by...

Aromatic alcohols, often used for the synthesis of plasticizers, coatings and pharmaceuticals, are currently produced from the oxidation of petroleum-derived aromatic hydrocarbons. Herein, we report a non-petroleum and environmentally friendly route for the production of aromatic alcohols: cofeeding methanol with ethanol over cobalt-hydroxyapatite...

Over the three-day gasification test of a large coal block with oxygen in atmospheric pressure conditions, the yield and composition of the tar collected was investigated. The tar was sampled approximately every 7 h into sorption tubes directly from the reactor outlet. Sand, with a moisture content of 11%, was used as an insulating material to simu...

Waste plastics have been regarded as a chronic environmental threat because of their disposal problem. If we do not find a sustainable technology for waste plastic conversion, it will cover the whole planet and collapse the ecosystem. Waste low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were pyrolyzed over sol-gel-derived sili...

Bioaugmentation is a valuable technique for oil recovery. This study investigates the composition and functions of microbial communities in gasoline- and diesel-contaminated soils of garages Matoko (SGM) and Guy et Paul (SGP) originating from auto mechanic workshops as well as the concentration of soil enzymes β-glucosidase, β-glucosaminidase, and...

The aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) fluorobenzene, naphthalene, and 1fluoronaphthalene are introduced as promising alternatives to xenon as propellant for in-space electric propulsion (EP). These storable molecules have similar mass, lower cost, and lower ionization energies compared to xenon, as well as the critical advantage of low post-ionization fr...

Urban air consists of a complex mixture of gaseous and particulate species from anthropogenic and biogenic sources that are further processed in the atmosphere. This study investigated the characteristics and sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and submicron organic aerosol (OA) in a traffic environment in Helsinki, Finland, in late summer...

The ability to degrade aromatic hydrocarbons, including (i) benzene, toluene, o-xylene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, benzo[a]anthracene, and benzo[a]pyrene; (ii) polar substituted derivatives of benzene, including phenol and aniline; (iii) N-heterocyclic compounds, including pyridine; 2-, 3-, and 4-picolines; 2- and 6-lutidine; 2- and 4-h...

Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been associated with many adverse health outcomes. However, the evidence on such associations with the liver function was not reviewed systemically. Therefore in this study, we systemically reviewed the observational studies on exposure to PAHs and liver function. The MOOSE guidelines were app...

This study analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of surficial benthic microbial communities in a bathymetric gradient (44 - 3573 m) across four oceanographic campaigns at the Perdido Fold Belt (PFB) in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico (nwGoM). Bioinformatic analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons grouped the 27 samples into three clusters according to a...

The immobilization of metal oxide nanoparticles into different anchoring media has recently gained great interest owing to their applications in water treatment. The choice of the polymers for the incorporation of the active catalyst particle is highly motivated by several advantages displayed by them. These include mechanical stability, chemical i...

A middle/low-temperature coal tar (M/LTCT) was obtained from a low-temperature carbonization plant in Shaanxi, China. The M/LTCT was separated into light components and coal tar pitch through extraction. A series of alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, oxygen-containing arenes (OCAs), and nitrogen-containing arenes were fractionated from light component...

Multi-contamination by organic pollutants and toxic metals is common in anthropogenic and industrial environments. In this study, the five fungal strains Chaetomium jodhpurense (MH667651.1), Chaetomium maderasense (MH665977.1), Paraconiothyrium variabile (MH667653.1), Emmia lacerata, and Phoma betae (MH667655.1), previously isolated in Tunisia, wer...

Soils contaminated by waste motor oil (WMO) affect their fertility, so it is necessary to recover them by means of an efficient and safe bioremediation technique for agricultural production. The objectives were: (a) to biostimulate the soil impacted by WMO by applying crude fungal extract (CFE) and Cicer arietinum as a green manure (GM), and (b) ph...

Anthropogenic activities and industrial effluents are the major sources of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in different environments. Microbe-based remediation techniques are known to be effective, inexpensive, and environmentally safe. In this review, the metabolic-target-specific pathway engineering processes used for improving the bioremedia...

Two areas affected by cement plant emissions, in an industrial district of Central Italy, were investigated by foraging honeybees (Apis mellifera ligustica) on the return to their hives, as an in situ biomonitor. The contamination was compared with that of a background reference area on the Central Apennine Mountains, quite far from the contaminati...

Applications of Infrared spectroscopy Identification of organic compounds, Structure determination Qualitative analysis of functional group Quantitative analysis Distinction between two types of hydrogen bonding Study of chemical reaction Study of Keto-Enol tautomerism Conformational analysis Geometrical isomerism Study of complex molecules Detecti...

The π–H interaction between aromatic hydrocarbon structure and water molecules, and hydrogen bond between surface oxygen-containing functional groups and water molecules, which enhances the coal surface wettability.

China is prone to severe surface ozone pollution in summer, so it is very important to understand the source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to control ozone formation. In this work, the emission characteristics of 91 VOC components from the plastic products industry, packaging and printing industries, printing ink industry, furniture manufact...

A large number of aromatic substances can be found in so-called coal tar (containing >10,000 individual compounds), which is a mixture of heavy liquid fractions (dense viscous black liquor, tended to solidification) obtained after the pyrolysis of coal (solid product—coke, gas products, and light liquid products are also produced during the process...

Water hyacinth is classified as a high-risk invasive species but is a source of biomass to obtain bio-oil and biochar by pyrolysis reaction. The Kissinger- Akahira-Sunose model (KAS), Ozawa-Flynn Wall (OFW), and Friedman model, determined the pyrolysis activation energy to be 213.19 kJ mol−1, 222.55 kJ mol−1, and 248.09 kJ mol−1, respectively. Bio-...

Defects, such as twisting, in fused aromatic hydrocarbons disrupt the plane of the π orbital. The twisted structure induces an electric field in the system and affects the spectra. In this work, theoretical studies show that the intramolecular electric field within a distinctly twisted structure is larger than that of other molecules. In addition,...

The use of living organisms to provide information on the quality of aquatic environments is now a widely accepted methodology for assessing contaminant bioavailability. Molluscs have developed tolerance mechanisms towards environmental stressors and can accumulate a large range of contaminants. The assessment of marine environment quality was base...

Microbialenhanced oil recovery has gained more attention in recent years due to its low cost and eco-friendliness. However, studies on the application of this technique in the low-permeability reservoirs are few. In this study, eight strains from the Ordos Basin low-permeability reservoir that produce biosurfactant and reduce viscosity were identif...

The co-pyrolysis of oily sludge and walnut shell is a reliable method for solid waste treatment and waste recycling. In this paper, a thermogravimetric analysis was used to study the thermodynamics and synergy effect of oily sludge (OS) and walnut shell (WS) at four heating rates (10, 20, 30, and 40 °C/min) in the temperature range from 50–850 °C....

Enhanced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) observations were made on ozone-exceeding days in June 2020 in Linyi, China. A total of 69 VOCs were collected (1 alkyne, 29 alkanes, 10 alkenes, 14 aromatic hydrocarbons, and 15 oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs)). The average concentration of total VOCs (TVOCs) was 36.0 ± 0.66 ppb, and the top...

Tiger nut beverages are non-alcoholic products that are characterized by their pale color and soft flavor. Conventional heat treatments are widely used in the food industry, although heated products are often damaging to their overall quality. Ultra-high pressure homogenization UHPH) is an emerging technology that extends the shelf-life of foods wh...

Auto-inflammatory and autoimmune diseases of the musculoskeletal system can be perceived as a spectrum of rheumatic diseases, with the joints and connective tissues are eroded severely that progressively develop chronic inflammation and lesion. A wide range of risk factors represented by genetic and environmental factors have been uncovered by popu...

Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E is a highly solvent tolerant strain for which many genetic tools have been developed. The strain represents a promising candidate host for the synthesis of aromatic compounds—opening a path towards a green alternative to petrol-derived chemicals. We have engineered this strain to produce phenylalanine, which can then be u...

Background Organic pollutants are omnipresent and can penetrate all environmental niches. We evaluated the hypothesis that short-term (acute) exposure to aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants could increase the potential for fungal virulence. We analysed whether pentachlorophenol and triclosan pollution results in the production of airborne fungal spores...

The tackifying effect of resins used in the tire industry highly depends on the compatibility and interaction strength with the rubber matrix. Here, uncured and cured styrene/butadiene rubber compounds, either in the presence or absence of a hydrocarbon aromatic tackifying resin, were studied by means of high-resolution and time-domain solid-state...

Toluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon produced mostly from petroleum, the predominant feedstock used in benzene production and a vital octane-boosting component for gasoline blending. Toluene is also used as a raw material in the production of other chemicals such as toluenedi-isocyanate, benzoic acid, and as a solvent in paints and coatings, inks, ad...

The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP Panel) assessed the safety of the 'waxes, paraffinic, refined, derived from petroleum-based or synthetic hydrocarbon feedstock, low viscosity' (FCM No. 93), for which the uses were requested to be extended for articles in contact with fatty foods. Migration from low-density...

Distribution of PM0.1 , PM1 and PM2.5 particle-and gas-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the 2019 normal, partial and strong haze periods at a background location in southern Thailand were investigated to understand the behaviors and carcinogenic risks. PM 1 was the predominant component, during partial and strong haze periods, account...

Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic disease characterized by chronic inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation. Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) is a tryptophan metabolite secreted by intestinal flora, which can exert anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of diseases. In this study, we further investigated the potential therape...

Indene (IND) is a kind of important aromatic hydrocarbon that is extracted from coal tar and has important applications in industry and biology. In the process of production and utilization, it is easy to enter the soil and produce toxic effects on the soil or organisms. The earthworm is an important organism in the soil. The toxicity of indene on...

Illite is a widely distributed clay mineral with huge reserves in Earth’s crust, but its effect on heavy oil biodegradation is rarely reported. This study made an investigation of the interactions between illite and a Pseudomonas stutzeri-heavy oil complex (PstHO). Results showed that, although illite exerted a negative effect on P. stutzeri degrad...

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1 is a heme-containing monooxygenase found mainly in extrahepatic tissues, including the retina. CYP1B1 substrates include exogenous aromatic hydrocarbons, such as dioxins, and endogenous bioactive compounds, including 17β-estradiol (E2) and arachidonic acid. The endogenous compounds and their metabolites are mediators of va...

The accurate detection and identification of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons, which are highly toxic pollutants, are essential for assessing indoor and outdoor air qualities and protecting humans from their sources. However, real-time and on-site monitoring of aromatic hydrocarbons has been limited by insufficient sensor selectivity. Addressing the...

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from industrial processes have high stability, low activity, and toxicity which cause continuous harm to human health and the atmospheric environment. Catalytic combustion has the advantages of low energy consumption and low cost and is expected to be one of the most effective methods to remove VOCs. At pre...

A wide range of volatile organic solvents, including aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, and ketones, are used in the production of paints, and they comprise more than 30% of the ingredients of paints. The present study was designed to evaluate the occupational exposure to 15 volatile organic compounds (VOCs, including benzene, toluene,...

The inclusion complexes of cucurbit[n]uril, CB[n] (n = 6–8), with poly aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP), and fluoranthene (FLT) were investigated carefully in aqueous media. Fluorescence and 1H NMR spectroscopy were used to characterize and investigate the inclusion complexes that were prepared in the aqueous media. The most predomin...

The physical and chemical properties of spinnable pitch showed a huge impact on the performance of resultant pitch carbon fiber even if its physical and chemical properties were slightly changed. Various polycyclic aromatic compounds and abundant free radicals existed in spinnable pitch, and there are many interactions among molecules and free radi...

Special species of Burmese amber are highly valued within the gemological market due to their fancy optical characteristics. However, some ordinary amber species are misidentified as precious species, which has disrupted consumers’ purchasing behavior and the market order. In this study, seven Burmese amber species (golden, golden-blue, blood-tea,...

The aim of this work was to understand the actual content of mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH) in olive pomace oil in order to contribute to the monitoring requested by EFSA for the food groups making a relevant impact on human background exposure. Such information will complement both the information inferred from the limits established by the EU and...

The aromatic compounds of twenty crude oil samples from different formations in the East Fukang Sag were studied by the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry technique. Through analysis of the composition of the main aromatic hydrocarbons, the studied crude oil samples were generally divided into two types: Oil type I had the relatively high content...

Increased levels and detrimental effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) stimulate research efforts to develop catalysts with high efficiency in complete hydrocarbon oxidation. This work is focused on the complete oxidation of benzene as a probe reaction for VOCs elimination over alumina-supported CuO-CeO2 mixed oxide promoted by gold. The ben...

Realizing the directional conversion of volatile matter (especially tar) from catalytic pyrolysis of low-rank coal (LRC) and reducing the consumption of catalysts have been considered great challenges for the classified utilization of LRC. In order to realize this aim, in this work, combined in situ and ex situ catalytic pyrolyses (IECPs) were firs...

Diamondoid hydrocarbons were investigated in gas-condensates reservoirs from the Drava Depression, Croatian part of the Pannonian Basin, to define thermal maturity of condensates. The largest gas and gas-condensate fields in Croatia are Molve, Kalinovac, and Stari Gradac, located in the northwestern part of the Drava Depression. This area has extre...

Hydrocarbons occur in fossil fuels such as crude oil and consist mainly of hydrogen and carbon. Although they are natural chemicals, crude oil refining results in commercial products with new physico-chemical properties, which can increase their complexity and toxicity, and hamper their degradation. The presence of biodiverse natural microbial comm...

The operation of reforming catalysts in a fixed bed reactor undergoes a high level of interaction between the operating parameters and the reaction mechanism. Understanding such an interaction reduces the catalyst deactivation rate. In the present work, three kinds of nanocata-lysts (i.e., Pt/HY, Pt-Zn/HY, and Pt-Rh/HY) were synthesized. The cataly...

To investigate the effect of preoxidation on the secondary spontaneous combustion of coal, the changes in the key groups and thermal characteristic parameters in coal after preoxidation were investigated through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), laser thermal conductivity, and thermogravimetric experiments. Results showed that the aro...

The adsorption mechanisms for model hydrocarbons, 4-nitrophenol (PNP), and naphthalene were studied in a coagulation-based process using a ferric sulfate–lime softening system. Kinetic and thermodynamic adsorption parameters for this system were obtained under variable ionic strength and temperature. An in situ method was used to investigate kineti...

The study of three roadsoil contamination in the Sfax region by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons showed a significant variation between the three sites and proportional to the distance from the road. The variation between the physicochemical characteristics of three soils influenced the spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydroacarbons. Qua...

Pyrolysis process is an important process used in the disposal of waste in recent years. The pyrolysis products can be recovered and used in different areas. In addition, the purification of gaseous products is important from an environmental point of view. Within the scope of this study, pyrolysis of HDPE and LDPE-type plastic wastes was carried o...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are major environmental concerns due to their high carcinogenic properties and resistance to decomposition. These substances accumulate in the soil and reach living organisms through agriculture/leaching or dust sources. Zero-valent iron nanoparticles (ZVI NPs) have high regenerative power to remove environme...

Cancer is one of the longest-known human diseases, yet only in recent times have we begun to perceive that the percentage of neoplasms caused by environmental factors, lifestyle and chemicals, is likely underestimated. The first medical reports associating cancer with pollutants like tars appeared by the early 20th century, but despite initial evid...

Microplastics have become a ubiquitous contaminant in the environment. The present study focuses on the identification, characterization, and quantification techniques for tracking microplastics. Due to their unique compositional structure, unambiguous identification of individual polymers in various plastic samples, usually comprised of mixtures o...

Citation: de Freitas Costa, A.F.; Ferreira, C.C.; da Paz, S.P.A.; Santos, M.C.; Moreira, L.G.S.; Mendonça, N.M.; da Costa Assunção, F.P.; de Freitas, A.C.G.d.A.; Costa, R.M.R.; de Sousa Brandão, I.W.; et al. Catalytic Upgrading of Plastic Waste of Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Pyrolysis Vapors over Si-Al Ash Pellets in a Two-Stage Reacto...

This manuscript describes the natural soil amendments used in agriculture, which are divided into three groups: organic, organic-mineral, and mineral amendments. It also describes less popular agents, such as clay minerals, sewage sludge, and amendments based on slaughterhouse wastes. A specific group of organic amendments are algae-base amendments...