Science topics: Arm
Science topic

Arm - Science topic

The superior part of the upper extremity between the SHOULDER and the ELBOW.
Questions related to Arm
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
1 answer
>>>>>>
Relevant answer
Answer
You could use strength, ballistic and plyometric training. Try to periodize in order to reach max intensity very slowly. Cure the mobility, especially the extra rotation and capacity to support high load and high velocity in intra rotation.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
4 answers
Tetra ARMs PCR
Relevant answer
Answer
Hello, in your question, it was my first time encountering the word T ARMs PCR. From the article, I found that T-ARMS PCyR (Tetra-primer ARMS-PCR) is a single-step genotyping method for detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). It involves a single PCR reaction using four primers to amplify specific DNA fragments, which can reveal the presence of different alleles. The four primers include two outer primers (Outer Forward and Outer Reverse) that amplify a larger region around the SNP as a control and two inner primers (Inner Forward and Inner Reverse) that are allele-specific, amplifying smaller fragments to indicate the presence of either the wild-type or mutant allele. Depending on the genotype, the PCR will produce a distinct pattern of three possible products: a large fragment for the control and smaller allele-specific fragments that help identify whether the sample is homozygous wild-type, heterozygous, or homozygous mutant.
After PCR, the amplicons are separated by gel electrophoresis to observe the characteristic band patterns: the wild-type homozygous genotype will show bands for the control fragment and one allele-specific fragment, the heterozygous genotype will show bands for the control and both allele-specific fragments, and the mutant homozygous genotype will display the control fragment along with the other allele-specific fragment. The choice of polymerase affects the reaction's accuracy and efficiency. Traditional Taq polymerase, with 5′–3′ exonuclease activity, can cause non-specific bands and often requires the use of DMSO for stabilization, especially in GC-rich regions. In contrast, SD polymerase, which has strong strand displacement activity but lacks exonuclease activity, minimizes non-specific bands and performs well across a wider range of temperatures (50-60°C) without the need for PCR enhancers like DMSO. This flexibility makes T-ARMS PCR a cost-effective and straightforward genotyping method, although careful optimization is still required depending on the specific conditions and polymerase used.
Reference: Alyethodi, R. R., Singh, U., Kumar, S., Alex, R., Deb, R., Sengar, G. S., Raja, T. V., & Prakash, B. (2018, February 15). T-arms PCR genotyping of SNP RS445709131 using thermostable strand displacement polymerase - BMC research notes. BioMed Central. https://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13104-018-3236-6
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
1 answer
which counsellor is better for armed forces civilian or uniformed?
Relevant answer
Answer
There is increasing stress in Armed Forces due to deployment in combat areas, marital issues as well finance related crimes. Uniformed Psy counsellors will do a better job as they are aware of the defence environment and can offer better solutions.
Also, counselling of the families is important in many of these cases
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
1 answer
Autodock vina just provides binding affinity and docked protein and ligand .when their interaction start off and view data table on biovia discovery studio,no information about inhibition constant, reference arms bond distance, intermolecular energy are found. How to find these information for autodock with vina.
Relevant answer
Answer
Sorry I am writing arms instead of arms
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
6 answers
In the last couple of months, a plethora of protesters were marching arm in arm in a solidarity with the people of Gaza, calling for the end of the inhumane massacre inflicted upon the people there, which shows how human beings are humanely binded together. This, of course, teased some to dehumanise these mass protesters across the streets of the West labelling them, " the Barbarians and their supporters are unfortunately inside the gates " using the exact words of Ben Shapiro who is a Jewish-American conservative talk show host. Now, engendering stereotypes about non- westerns is millennia in the making; it dates back to the twilight of Western thinking and philosophy where people outside the walls of Greece were labelled barbarian. We can find not only an echo and glimpses in the writings of Greek intellectuals, rather there's what is so orientally conspicuous to the eyes in Plato's and Aristotle's oeuvres. In fact, the very meaning of the Word " Barbarian" is used to frame people who do not speak Greek. Needless to say, that the smeary anathema was highly intensified with rise of Islam.
Return back to the coeval days, some of those protesters are calling for the end of the genocide and some are calling for a violent revolution against the colonisers ; something which was theorised by Frantz Fanon in his 1961 treatise "The Wretched of the Earth". This violent revolution will usher in the " new" who is free from the evils of the West. Decolonisation, he says, is always violent phenomenon.
"When the colonised hear a speech on western culture, they draw the machete". At any rate, Frantz Fanon called for a violent revolution outside Europe, but the existentialist Jean-Paul Sartre called for a revolution inside the gates of Europe:
"To shoot down a European is to kill two birds with one stone, doing away with oppressor and oppressed at the same time," leaving one man dead and the other is free. He dwells on "You, who are so liberal and so humane, who have such an exaggerated adoration of culture that it verges on affectation, you pretend to forget that you own colonies and that in them men are massacred in your name." Especially, if we to bear in mind that the west is dominant, hegemonic and reached what Francis Fukayama calls " The end of human history".
Nevertheless, what's so pivotally significant about these mass uprisings and the counter- discourse is that with them the people of the West are now keenly aware and acquainted with the full situation in Gaza. Thus, ushering a new era of knowledge production which is articulated by the mouths of non- Westerns: something which is framed in literary criticism as " Post-Orientalism". Under this umbrella, literary frameworks are no longer demarcated to literary texts, but in fact, are geared into other cultural discourses, inaugurating the pulverisation of literary criticism and the rise of the so-called cultural criticism!
Relevant answer
Answer
The debate over the evolution of literary criticism into cultural criticism has intensified in recent years. Traditionally, literary criticism focused on analyzing texts, exploring themes, structures, and the use of language to uncover deeper meanings. However, with the rise of cultural studies, there has been a shift towards examining literature within broader cultural contexts, considering factors such as social, political, and economic influences. This transition reflects a growing recognition of the interconnectedness of literature and culture, where texts are not seen in isolation but as part of a larger cultural discourse. As a result, some argue that literary criticism is being subsumed by cultural criticism, which offers a more holistic approach to understanding the impact and significance of literature in contemporary society. This shift raises questions about the future of literary studies and whether the traditional boundaries of literary criticism will continue to hold relevance in an increasingly interdisciplinary academic landscape.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
5 answers
I am doing a systematic review, and I am measuring risk of bias with RoB2 for RCT, and ROBINS-I for non RCT. My questions is, for single arm studies, can I use ROBINS-I? I am not sure how to answer the questions for the domain regarding confounding in this case.
Thank you!
Relevant answer
Answer
you can try ROBINS-E for single arm studies or try to adapt ROBINS-I to fit your situation. You should mention any adaptation or modification in the methodology section.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
5 answers
Dear Colleagues
One might lose hope in a hard experience and falls in desperate. Then how can one fight desperate and be strong enough armed with hope?
Relevant answer
Answer
''Hope is but a charlatan that ceases not to deceive us. For myself happiness only began when I had lost it.''
--Nicolas Chamfort
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
3 answers
Washington and NATO
Relevant answer
Answer
A possible answer is that Russia perceives the War in Ukraine as a conflict between the 'West' and the 'East', because the USA and NATO (in adittion to the EU) have spent a large amount of money and ammunition in order to support Ukraine's fight against Russia. Thus, Russia is responding in the same way by arming the enemies of the' West' in terms 'the enemy of my enemy is my friend'.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
3 answers
Feasibility study, single centre with 3 wards. I am planning to recruit 15 nurses from the 3 wards for a three- arm parallel group design. 2 arms are intervention and one is control.
How do I assign it please?
Can I assign each ward one directly to each arm?
Or is it better to use a quasi-experimental design
Relevant answer
Answer
Cluster randomisation (or cluster-randomized trial) is a method used in experimental research where groups, or clusters, of subjects (rather than individual subjects) are randomly allocated to different intervention groups. This approach is often used when interventions are naturally administered at a group level (e.g., schools, communities) or to avoid contamination between individuals within a group. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to conduct cluster randomisation:
Step-by-Step Guide to Cluster Randomisation
  1. Define the Clusters:Determine what constitutes a cluster in your study (e.g., schools, clinics, communities). Ensure clusters are homogeneous in terms of key characteristics to reduce variability within clusters.
  2. Identify the Clusters:List all potential clusters that can be included in your study. Define the inclusion and exclusion criteria for clusters.
  3. Recruit Clusters:Approach and recruit clusters according to your criteria. Obtain consent from the responsible authorities or individuals within each cluster.
  4. Baseline Assessment:Collect baseline data from all clusters before randomisation to assess equivalence and adjust for confounders if necessary.
  5. Randomisation: Randomly allocate clusters to different intervention groups. This can be done using:Simple Randomisation: Each cluster has an equal chance of being assigned to any intervention group. Stratified Randomisation: Clusters are first stratified based on certain characteristics (e.g., size, location) and then randomly assigned within each stratum to ensure balance across groups. Matched-Pair Randomisation: Clusters are paired based on similarities in key characteristics, and one cluster from each pair is randomly assigned to each intervention group.
  6. Randomisation Procedure:Use a random number generator or a randomisation software to ensure the process is unbiased. Keep the allocation concealed until the moment of assignment to prevent selection bias.
  7. Implementation of Interventions:Implement the interventions as per the study protocol within each cluster. Ensure that the intervention is delivered uniformly across all clusters within the same group.
  8. Data Collection:Collect data at specified time points to measure the outcomes of interest. Ensure data collection methods are consistent across all clusters.
  9. Analysis:Account for the clustering effect in your statistical analysis. The outcomes of individuals within the same cluster are likely to be more similar than those from different clusters. Use appropriate statistical techniques such as mixed-effects models, generalized estimating equations (GEE), or multi-level modeling.
  10. Report Results:Report the trial according to the CONSORT guidelines for cluster randomised trials. Include information about the number of clusters, cluster sizes, intracluster correlation coefficients (ICCs), and how the analysis accounted for clustering.
Example
Suppose you are conducting a study on the effect of a new teaching method on student performance across different schools (clusters).
  1. Define Clusters: Schools are the clusters.
  2. Identify Clusters: List all eligible schools.
  3. Recruit Clusters: Obtain consent from school administrators.
  4. Baseline Assessment: Collect pre-intervention student performance data.
  5. Randomisation:Simple Randomisation: Use a random number generator to assign each school to either the new teaching method or the control group. Stratified Randomisation: Stratify schools by size or location and then randomly assign within strata.
  6. Implementation of Interventions: Apply the new teaching method in the intervention group schools.
  7. Data Collection: Collect post-intervention student performance data.
  8. Analysis: Use mixed-effects models to analyze the data, accounting for the clustering by school.
  9. Report Results: Follow CONSORT guidelines for cluster trials.
Tools and Software
  • Random Number Generators: Tools like Excel, R, or Python can be used.
  • Randomisation Software: Tools like REDCap, Sealed Envelope, or custom scripts in statistical software.
Ethical Considerations
  • Obtain ethical approval for your study.
  • Ensure informed consent from participants or their guardians if required.
By following these steps, you can effectively design and conduct a cluster randomised trial, ensuring rigor and reliability in your findings.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
5 answers
I am doing a non-parametric ANCOVA (my residuals are not normally distributed and transformation did not help), I have been using the sm.ancova function from the sm package.
Now I want to do a post hoc analysis but I'm not sure how to go about it as I need a non-parametric post hoc test on the adjusted means. however, I have not found a way that works for me.
In my study, we have three arms, and I'm actually only interested in the comparison between the control and each of the experimental arms but not the experimental arms to each other, so doing a Dunnett's test but I could not find a non-parametric alternative.
I also considered a Dunns test and simply compared all three but I am not sure how to include my covariate here.
Any advice?
Relevant answer
Answer
One approach you can consider is using rank-based methods, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, while controlling for the covariate.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
1 answer
Please, I need assistance in calculating the sample size for the interventional study for three arms using G power.
Arm 1: Control group
Arm 2: Standard treatment
Arm 3: Standard plus advanced treatment.
I would be very glad if I could get a standard plan format for estimating that.
Thank for your advance assistance
Relevant answer
Answer
This article link above might help you. Otherwise, the links below may help you perform the calculation. I wish you all the best. Vicki
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
5 answers
Has anyone used (or attempted to use) a touch-monitor or a touch-screen-laptop for the recording of behavioral responses in an eye-tracking experiment with young children?
This would be ideal since young children cannot use a mouse or a keyboard. However, I am worried about the technical setup, e.g., the distance of the eye-tracker (50+ cm) vs the length of a child's arm (21-22 cm).
Any advice or experience is welcome! Thank you
Relevant answer
Answer
Sorry, I haven't done any studies using Eye Tracking Glasses.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
2 answers
Trop de conflit actuellement dans le mondes sans compte des guerre civiles dans plusieurs pays et des situation d'insécurités sont des signes annonciateurs de la 3ieme guerre mondiales.
Le plus difficiles des toutes ces situations sont des développement actuellement des missiles et des armes atomiques ouvrons le chants libres a des confrontations plus important entre des grandes puissances existants.
LATON comme une alliances militaires se préparer pour affronter la Russie lui une grandes puissances militaires , la Corée du nord qui ne cesse de menacer la Corée du sud , les autres pays sont déjà dans les conflits armes en intentes … Toute ceci menés le mondes dans un Kao sans doutes si les dirigent ne s'assoir pas sur une même table pour adopte d'autre mesure sur la paix
Relevant answer
Answer
Soon said dear Ali Serdar Erdurmaz, we experience that your reasoning is the same with the leaders of these great powers, for the preservation of peace in the world. Because things degenerate through small human errors.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
1 answer
In the precursor miRNA stem loop structure, the 5p strand is present in the forward (5'-3') position and 3p strand (which will be almost complimentary to the 5p strand) is located in the reverse position. 5p means the microRNA is from the 5 prime arm of the hairpin and 3p means 3 prime end.
Relevant answer
Answer
Ideally the authors would state it somewhere in the paper, but there is a database where you can get an idea of which one is the active strand using miRBase. In the link below, look at the "Sequence" segment and click on "Show Histogram" which is based on NGS reads. This will give you an idea of which strand is likely to be active for your microRNA of interest. If the authors gave you the microRNA primer sequence, you can also try to map it back to 5' or 3' ends.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
2 answers
Hello! I conducted a study where I analyzed the complexity (fractal dimension) and local dynamic stability (largest Lyapunov exponent) of four muscles in both elite and sub-elite wrestlers while they performed arm drag, snap down, and double leg attack techniques. Apart from comparing each muscle between the two groups, I would like to know if there is a new method that can help me identify a pattern between the muscles involved in each technique, as well as each muscle's Lyapunov variables and fractal dimensions. I would then like to compare these patterns between the two groups.
Relevant answer
Answer
Simone Ranaldi Hello. Thank you for your answer and suggestion. I am interested in non-linear analysis using fractal dimension and Lyapunov exponent methods. I calculated these variables and compared them between the muscles of the two groups. But now I want to see if I can get a pattern or strategy between the Lyapunov exponent and the fractal dimension of the muscles in each technique.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
1 answer
Hello dear colleagues,
I am looking for a elastic actuator for a robotic arm. It should be able to contribute 1/3rd in lifting the arm with the motor as the motor contributes 2/3rd. It should also ensure safe landing of the arm instead of free fall and also during emergency situations like, if the motor's program is bugged and it actuates in the wrong direction then also the actuator should ensure safe landing. My intial ideas were a spring and damper syste, torsional spring alone but there are some restrictions with them so, please suggest something.
Relevant answer
Answer
Hello Asad, I hope you did find a solution to your problem already, as you asked your question more than 1 month ago. If whenever you still need suggestions, I joined a little paper I wrote some weeks ago, as an homework for my university (I'm currently a second year master student in robotics). This paper aims to make a state-of-the-art of the different research and work published about snake-like robots and continuum manipulators, designed for different applications.
I don't know if it could help you, but you will find few references and examples of passiv and elastic actuation strategies (like the use of "smart materials") chosen when designing continuum manipulators for medical, industrial or military purposes.
Hope it could be useful, good luck in your project anyway and happy new year !
Arthur.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
3 answers
Text books will tell you that your latisimus dorsi adducts the arm. But if the Lats are soft and squished due to the position of the arm, tensing the Lats will cause abduction from about the 6 o'clock to 5 o'clock position.
I recently read an article in the journal of bodywork in which they reviewed the literature analysing forces across joints and felt the numbers didn't add up. They concluded that the fascia was transferring force across the whole body. Could this be the missing force they didn't account for?
Relevant answer
Answer
Great question!
Since we just start measuring fascia stifness, with elastography, I thing measuring fascia resistance in movement is a dream!
There are some studyes regarding fascia force transfer, made by Huijing, but were made just at the microscopic level.
However, the topic is very intresting.
Please, can you provide the article from Bodywork?
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
1 answer
Hello.
I intend to insert a 20kb gene cassette into human genome using the CRISPR-Cas9 approach coupled with homology arm directed repair. It is know that this approach is less efficient due to the rare event of homology arm repairs, but it yields specific insertion at targeted loci. With such large construct, the probability in obtaining a clone will be extremely challenging.
I am seeking for advice and suggestions from anyone who has experience performing knock-in with such large construct, and which strategy was used specifically on human embryonic stem cell line.
Thank you.
Relevant answer
Answer
We are also preparing to do this. We have recently reviewed some literature and hope it can help you.
[1] Xu J, et al. A cytokine screen using CRISPR-Cas9 knock-in reporter pig iPS cells reveals that Activin A regulates NANOG. Stem Cell Res Ther, 2020, 11(1): 67
[2] Zhi M, et al. Generation and characterization of stable pig pregastrulation epiblast stem cell lines. Cell Research, 2022, 32(4): 383-400
[3] Ran FA, et al. Genome engineering using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Nat Protoc, 2013, 8(11): 2281-308
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
2 answers
What is the reason for adding an intron between homologous arms in the donor vector designed by crispr/cas9 gene editing knockout experiment? Why put the puro gene in the intron?
Relevant answer
Answer
Placing the puro (puromycin resistance) gene within the intron of the donor vector serves as a selectable marker for identifying successfully edited cells. The puro gene confers resistance to the antibiotic puromycin. After introducing the donor vector into target cells, you can apply puromycin selection. Only cells that have successfully integrated the donor template through HDR, along with the puro gene, will survive the selection process. This allows for the enrichment of cells with accurate gene edits and increases the likelihood of obtaining a homogeneous population of edited cells.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
4 answers
I have a donor template with left and right homology arms (each 1000bp long) designed for a specific sgRNA cutting site but now I want to use another sgRNA cutting 15 bp downstream of the original cutting site. Could I still use the same homology arms with the new cutting site ?
Relevant answer
Answer
If it is just 15bp it should still be fine.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
1 answer
I have a donor template with left and right homology arms (each 130bp long) designed for a specific sgRNA cutting site but now I want to use another sgRNA cutting 15 bp downstream of the original cutting site. Could I still use the same homology arms with the new cutting site?
Relevant answer
Answer
If it is just 15bp it should still be fine.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
3 answers
In doing a meta-analysis using articles done with time-to-event analysis, I faced the problem that some authors reported the effect size (incidence density) with person-year observations, while others reported person-month observations. Some also reported the incidence density for only the exposed group (single arm). Others reported the rate ratio (the ratio of IR in the exposed group to IR in the unexposed group).
Relevant answer
Answer
If you are interested only on the observation time, divide it by 12. But if you are interested in the IR, multiply it by 12.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
2 answers
Are there real-time applications with the ARM processor and the Scanner Server.
Relevant answer
Answer
Yes, there are real-time applications that use ARM processors and scanner servers. For example, Arm Cortex-R82 is a 64-bit CPU core that combines real-time and server processing. It has up to 1TB of memory addressing and optional machine learning acceleration with Arm Neon technology. This processor is capable of directly addressing up to 1TB of addressable space.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
3 answers
The end of the Cold War era between the poles of international powers and competitive displays of conventional arsenals of armaments, including weapons of mass destruction and nuclear weapons, does not mean the return of world peace, the restoration of international security and the cessation of the arms race. Do you agree?
Relevant answer
Answer
Of course, because the matter is not only about signing agreements of a technical nature, but the establishment of peace is related to other factors that go beyond that, such as establishing the rules of trust between countries, especially the major powers, and realizing that the concept of security is no longer only related to the strategic aspect, but to all issues that affect In human security, such as health, the environment, the economy, culture, etc., and the continuation of major crises such as Ukraine and Taiwan may push nuclear states to use these weapons, even if tactically, and therefore the specter of weapons of mass destruction remains hanging over all these agreements.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
2 answers
Is it possible to use In-Circuit Emulation of ARM processor to replicate the Matlab model. Is there any software to put the code into ARM chip? Please suggest on this.
Relevant answer
Answer
In-Circuit Emulation (ICE) is a technique used for debugging and testing embedded systems, including ARM processors. It allows you to run code on the actual hardware and interact with it in real-time, which can be useful for replicating and testing a MATLAB model that has been targeted for an ARM processor.
To put your MATLAB code onto an ARM chip, you would first need to compile it to generate ARM assembly code or object files. This can be done using the MATLAB Coder toolbox, which can generate code for a variety of hardware platforms, including ARM processors.
Once you have the ARM assembly code or object files, you can use a toolchain to compile them into a binary file that can be run on the ARM chip. There are a number of toolchains available for ARM processors, including the GNU toolchain and ARM's own toolchain.
To load the binary file onto the ARM chip, you would typically use a programming tool such as a JTAG debugger or a flash programmer. These tools allow you to connect to the ARM chip and program it with the binary file.
Overall, the process of replicating a MATLAB model on an ARM chip using ICE and programming tools can be complex and time-consuming. However, it can be a useful technique for verifying the functionality of your model and optimizing it for the ARM platform.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
2 answers
How to calculate sample size for multi-arm (three arm) RCT?
Relevant answer
Answer
To calculate sample size for a three-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT), you will need to first determine the desired level of power, the effect size, and the number of arms. Then, use a sample size calculator to estimate the sample size for each arm. For example, if the desired power is 0.80, the effect size is 0.15, and the number of arms is three, then the sample size for each arm would be approximately 220.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
4 answers
1. The elastic column has the ability to move elastically in the earthquake as it also has the necessary plasticity for inelastic displacements. On the other hand, it does not put down large torques at the base However, the column does not have dynamics like a rigid reinforced wall, and it does not have a second lever arm in width, which reduces the overturning moment. The wall has great dynamics towards the earthquake, it has a second lever arm in width that reduces the overturning moment, but it does not have great plasticity and on the other hand, it lowers large moments to the base due to stiffness and breaks beams and joists. Also, due to greater mass, the inertia of the structure increases and thus the seismic loads. Question Is there a vertical load-bearing element that has a double lever arm, ductility, elasticity, dynamics, and does not transmit its moment to the beams and joists, and is strong towards the intersection of the base, and economical with the minimum steel reinforcement? Yes there is. But they don't use it It is called an elongated wall with prestressed and ground-consolidated ends.
2. If we want to increase the response of the structure to the earthquake, we increase the mass of the concrete by building walls and large beams. We are still increasing the steel reinforcement. Nicely we built a dynamic rigid structure something like a reinforced concrete precast which has great dynamics. Normally it should withstand the earthquake. However, it does not last, especially when the construction is tall. The reasons are as follows. By increasing the mass, we also increase the inertia of the structure and thus the seismic loads. By increasing the height and stiffness we increase the overturning moment These three factors, if they do not overturn the structure, will at least create a small overturning - swelling in the area of the base of the building. The structure losing partial soil support will divert the now unsupported static loads to the beam cross-sections and break them. This happens when we increase the dimensions of the load-bearing organism to increase the dynamic response of the structure. Question There is a solution? Yes, there is a solution. We must increase the dynamics of the structure without increasing its mass, which causes greater inertia. That is, we can increase the linear and transverse reinforcement, and the quality of the concrete, as well as reduce the diameter (not the kilograms) of the reinforcement, in order to achieve greater resistance, in terms of the shear failure of the coating concrete, due to its super strength steel in tension. This they do today and have greatly improved the dynamics and ductility, but greatly increased the cost of steel reinforcement. A steel of diameter Φ/50 has the ability to lift a two-story building with an area of 100 m2 weighing 140 tons, and today they put 8500 kg of steel on the two-story and we have failures in large earthquakes. And this is because the concrete cannot hold the steel reinforcement in it to cooperate and it breaks. Is there another solution? Yes, there is another solution and it is the one I propose. This solution removes 80% of the reinforcement so the construction becomes more economical. This solution triples the dynamic response of the structure to seismic displacements, without increasing the mass, i.e. the inertia that causes the seismic loads, and this happens because the force that counteracts the earthquake comes from an external factor, that of the ground, so it has no mass added to the structure. This solution diverts the seismic loads outside the structure and the structure is not stressed by the earthquake. This solution is called an elongated wall with prestressed and soil-consolidated ends.
Relevant answer
Answer
Thank you for sharing this interesting topic !!!
Best regards
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
5 answers
A PIC microcontroller-based Robotic Arm is a project that involves the design and construction of a robotic arm that is controlled using a PIC microcontroller. The goal of the project is to create a robotic arm that can perform a range of tasks, such as picking and placing objects, manipulating tools, and executing pre-programmed sequences. The robotic arm is typically made up of several servo motors, which are used to control the movement of the arm's joints. The PIC microcontroller is responsible for receiving commands from the user, processing these commands, and sending the appropriate signals to the servo motors to control the movement of the arm. The primary aim is to manually control the servo motors and in later stages include the use of control algorithms, such as inverse kinematics, to determine the optimal path of the arm for a given task.
Relevant answer
Answer
you can find main answers in this conference paper:
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
2 answers
Arms exports to Ukraine have been controversial, supporters argue that Ukraine has the right to defend itself against Russian aggression. However, opponents argue that the arms exports could escalate the conflict and lead to further bloodshed. What is the role of western arms exporting countries in Russia-Ukraine war?
Relevant answer
Answer
Western countries' weapon export to Ukraine play a very important role in providing sustainability for the Ukrainian army. However a volume of delivered weapons not enough and western support to Ukraine must be increased significantly. Russia has very good experience of living in the conditions of avtarkie economy (self suffiecienthy) . So Russian economy will stay stable during next 2 years and it will them allow to provide more recourses for war in Ukraine.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
5 answers
I am researching on the question do arms race lead to war? in concern with the 1965 war between india and pakistan.
Relevant answer
Answer
The 1965 war between India and Pakistan was a military conflict that lasted from August to September 1965. The war was primarily fought over the disputed region of Kashmir, which both India and Pakistan claimed as their own.
Prior to the war, both India and Pakistan had been engaged in an arms race, with each country seeking to modernize its military and acquire the latest weapons technology. The arms race was fueled by the rivalry between India and Pakistan, which had deep historical, cultural, and political roots.
India had been building up its military capabilities since independence in 1947, with the aim of becoming a regional superpower. India had acquired weapons and military technology from various countries, including the Soviet Union, France, and the United States.
Pakistan, on the other hand, had been building up its military capabilities with the support of the United States. During the 1960s, Pakistan received large amounts of military aid from the US, including tanks, fighter jets, and artillery.
The arms race between India and Pakistan intensified in the lead-up to the 1965 war. Both countries deployed their military forces along the border, and tensions escalated as each side accused the other of launching cross-border raids.
The war itself was marked by intense fighting on both sides, with heavy casualties and significant damage to infrastructure. The war ended with a ceasefire in September 1965, and both sides claimed victory.
The arms race between India and Pakistan continued after the war, with both countries continuing to acquire new weapons and military technology. The rivalry between India and Pakistan remains a source of tension in the region, and the two countries have engaged in several military conflicts since 1965.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
4 answers
Hello Researchers, Greetings of the day.
Currently, i am working on a research project on AI Robot arm using haptics approach.
for that i need 3 fingers Barrot gripper, If Any body knows about the suppliers , please ping me.
Thanks in advance.
Relevant answer
Answer
What Country are you located in ?
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
2 answers
Chromosome/DNA/Molecular Biology
Relevant answer
Answer
Petite means short or small. Hence, the short arm is denoted by the term p - the first letter of petite. The alphabet after p is q. Hence the long arm is denoted by the letter q.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
9 answers
Hi all, I have a question along on a similar topic if anyone could help me.
I am writing a research proposal looking at medication review in primary care incorporating an ACB calculation. I will measure ACB scores in patients before and after the medication review. I also have a control of a medication review with no ACB calculation and I will measure the ACB scores before and after review in these patients as well.
I want to use a statistical test first to calculate if there is a statistically significant reduction in ACB in the treatment and then the control arm. I then want to compare both to see if the treatment arm is better than the control arm.
I am thinking of using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and the Z test for two samples. Does this make sense?
Thank in advance,
Ieuan
Relevant answer
Answer
Regarding the comparison between the two groups. First you have to calculate the difference between the pre and post score in each group, and then compare the difference, so that you can decide, in which group the difference is more. In this way, you can adjust for the possibility that the baseline scores of the two groups are different.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
12 answers
Hi Sir/Mam,
What statistical analysis can be applied to a randomised clinical trial with 4 intervention arms ? I have collected data for baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks respectively for four different types of intervention on symptoms of a psychiatric disorder pre and post-intervention. I am looking to analyse data using a t-test, Intention to treat analysis etc. Kindly suggest other statistical techniques. Out of the 4 parallel groups, the first one is a medicine group(treatment as usual) and the other 3 are new interventions( Interven A, Intervention B, Intervention A+B). i shall highly appreciate your comments and suggestions. Regards, Devendra
Relevant answer
Answer
For a simple answer we need to ignore that you took two measures (4 week and 8 week) and pre select which is the most important and use that for the primary analysis. Next we need to account for the multiplicity (3 treatment arms compared to a common control arm) we could do a simple Bonferroni and divide your alpha level by 3 and compare the p-value for each treatment to that one third alpha to see if you have significance. A better (less conservative, more powerful) adjustment would be a Dunnett’s and you’ll need some software to that for you.
Now you could get more ambitious and take into account that one of your experimen arms is the combination of the other two. I don’t know how to do this in a frequentist framework, but abandoning the t-test we could fit a Bayesian model where we estimate T1, T2 and T1+T2 with an interaction term that we can put a prior on to keep it within reasonable bounds.
Not sure what you want to do with the data from 2 time points, there are several options but only you know what’s important here. Perhaps the results at either time is interesting (a ‘quick acting‘ treatment and a ‘sustained’ treatment), perhaps a treatment needs to be effective at both endpoints, perhaps you want the average treatment effect over both timepoints, perhaps you only want to use the 4 week endpoint for patients where you were unable to collect 8 week data.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
1 answer
Hi,
I am conducting a meta-analysis with just RCTs and I am interested in the changes between baseline and outcome assessments as a response to an intervention for two study arms.
For the most of my studies, I have just mean and SD values and nothing else. So, I am not able to calculate the correlation and then find the SD value of the changes. And, I could not find any thing about how I can find the SD of the changes using the mean and SD data of baseline and outcome assessment. There is a formula on the Cochrane handbook to combine the two subgroups SD to find a common one, that you can see in on the attachment. However, I am not so sure if this is a reasonable way to calculate the SD for the changes using this formula. If you have any information about that and inform me or suggest another way to solve my problem, I will be so pleased.
Kind Regards
Relevant answer
Answer
You should not calculate the effect size via correlation. I think the best way in this situation is to calculate the mean difference between the baseline and after-treatment for both intervention or control groups. Then, you should use this mean difference as an effect size, and due to the presence of an equal number in baseline and after-treatment groups, you can sum the standard deviation and divide 2.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
1 answer
I'm trying to do a large knock in, and am concerned that the size of insert is too big for my method of trasfection. I found this, https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13238-021-00838-7.pdf review which indicates that dsDNA donors can insert up to 7,100 bp donors but my insert may be larger than that. However, my insert also needs at least 600 bp HA, and I've been including the homology arms in the calculation for the size of donor DNA insert, and I just realized that the HA arms aren't technically inserted so IDK if maybe my total donor insert size might be smaller than I thought.
Relevant answer
Answer
The longer your homology arms the higher the probability of recombination occurring up until around 3kbp. Homology arms are not included as part of the insert size. If you have problems you may want to consider sequential assembly of your insert or using site specific recombinases to insert your construct in a knocked in landing site.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
2 answers
I have found this Staurastrum species in a reservoir in Costa Rica. The variation goes from cells with three arms on both hemicells, four single arms, and four double arms in either both or one of the hemicells. I wonder whether this variation could be the result of some kind of water pollution. I appreciate any thoughts about this case.
Relevant answer
Answer
Thanks, Arne. In the reservoir there are other Staurastrum species, but only this one shows such variation. Yes, it could be. I'll look at temporal variation to see if that is a possible answer. Here in Costa Rica temperature doesn't varies that much (20 to 25°C), but windy conditions do, especially in that reservoir.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
1 answer
I am writing a systematic review and a fourth of the studies I found related to my topic are single-arm nonrandomized clinical trials. I applied the New Castle Ottowa Scale to them and all studies failed to meet the 70% cut-off. What is the best way to go about this? Or is it better to avoid including such studies in the review because they may be considered low-quality?
Regards,
Researcher
Relevant answer
Answer
Generally, you should consider the quality factors you will base your include/exclude decisions on when you design the protocol for the review to avoid potential bias later on. Justify your choices, and try to be as consistent as possible.
However, I sympathize with the issue of the publications returned by your search being of lower quality than anticipated. Consider the questions you are trying to answer in your review: Are they effectiveness questions or questions about the nature of the research that has been done? How do you think people will want to use your results? How important is it to have a precise answer, or is it more important to take into account the body of research that has been done?
If you are doing a quantitative synthesis (i.e. meta-analysis), then quality could be seen as a confounding factor. Using a high number of lower-quality estimates could lead to an over- or under-estimate in your summary of effect, for example. You could always include a larger set of studies in your review, but then report two summary estimates: one with all included studies, and one with only the "high quality" ones. Again, it's better to make these decisions, if possible, a priori to limit personal bias, but sometimes it's unavoidable.
There may be practical considerations as well since including more studies can add to the review workload exponentially. After having done a review mostly independently, I would encourage others to consider a team of 3-4 researchers at a minimum for doing a systematic review (unless it's a very narrow question and you know the search will return only a few hundred items or so, then you could get away with 1-2 people, I think). This would give you different perspectives to make such decisions and possibly make things more consistent.
Finally, make sure you always report the review process in full, including the search, screening, and include/exclude criteria, so that readers can make their own judgements about the evidence. This can easily be posted online and linked if there is not room in the report itself.
Good luck with your review!
P.S. There is a lot of excellent methods guidance available now for reviews in different fields, but you still need to make a lot your own judgments in how to apply them ; )
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
4 answers
Hi, I would like to calculate the sample size for a 3 armed randomised control trial to study the effect of a particular intervention in a clinical population. The primary outcome is a continuous variable and the effect size is of 0.34 (obtained froma recent meta-analysis). I will have pre- and post- measures for participants in each of the three study arms. Could someone kindly guide me with this sample size calculation please?
Relevant answer
Answer
Group 1 will be usual treatment only, group 2 (intervention) will be usual treatment + intervention being investigated, group 3 (control) will be usual treatment and sequential calls from a healthcare provider (To make sure any change in outcome is secondary to the intervention not to the therapeutic alliance). all groups will receive treatment as usual for obvious ethical reasons
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
2 answers
I am trying to design a plasmid for a knock in experiment and wanted to clarify some technical issues.
I wanted to know exactly which components must be included in the plasmid.
I know that I have to include the 5' homology arm , insertion gene sequence, marker sequence and 3' homology arm.
But, I would like to know for certain the following details:
1) Should I take the whole sequence of the gene or do I need to remove the introns/UTR regions or any other unnecessary part of the sequence?
2) Which sequence should I choose for gene insertion , gene sequence or mRNA transcript sequence?
3) When designing plasmids, should I insert extra promoters and/or terminators with the insertion genes?
Relevant answer
Answer
1) The less you remove from the gene the more likely it will express as the native gene does. Removal of introns can affect expression (people often deliberately add at least one intron into genes for eukaryotic expression)(see Shaul, 2017 for a recent review on the topic). The UTR can contain enhancer elements/transcription factor binding sites which can affect the strength and localization of expression but should not be required is expressed in a different system.
2) What is the purpose of this knock in experiment? Are you trying to replace an existing gene with a different variant in which case use the genomic sequence or are you trying to express a transgene for overexpression in which case you probably want to use the cDNA sequence but with an artificial intron from your expression system.
3) Depends on the source of your insert gene and the purpose of the experiment. If you are trying to replace a native gene you will want to use the native promoter. For transgenes you will want either a strong ubiquitous promoter or an inducible promoter (incase your gene is toxic). If using genomic sequence terminators should already be present but would need to be added if using cDNA.
You may want to add recombinase recognition sites either side of the marker gene so you can remove it to be reused for further rounds of transformation. Also the length of the homologous arms does have an effect on transformation efficiency with longer being better up to about 10kbp. Do not forget to check the codon usage of your gene if you are expressing in a different system.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
1 answer
Hi, I did a Y-maze and I recorded the entry of each arm visually. Is there a program or website that I can use to count alternations? I have always done by hand, is very tiring.
Best,
Relevant answer
Answer
Hi,
Ethovision XT software is very useful.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
9 answers
I need to feed both arms of spiral antenna with one positive side so that I donot have 180 deg polarization in another arm of spiral. Could I get any suggestions how can I do that please?
Thank you
Relevant answer
Hi
for applying phase differences in the spiral antenna generally use a compact feed network with a Wilkinson power divider. You can also use the following articles:
“Square-spiral antenna with unbalanced-excitation”
"Wide-beam spiral antenna with three folded arms fed by compact three-way Wilkinson power divider"
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
1 answer
left side support is hinge and right side support is roller and EDCFG IS ARM
Relevant answer
Answer
This seems like a homework question being raised in a research forum. Please look at text books.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
5 answers
The painter Giovanni Filocamo, known as Vanni, was born in 1937 in Reggio Calabria. He attends the art school directed by Alfonso Frangipane and devotes himself to teaching "ornate" and "drawn figure". Then he moves to the Aeolian Islands, finally arrives in Frosinone, where he taught at the Bragaglia artistic high school. Multifaceted artist lived in the winter months in his home-studio in Frosinone, while in the summer he worked in Pentedattilo in Calabria, where he died in 2016. In 1992 he completed a manuscript in which collected drawings and notes on the feudal coats of arms of Pentedattilo and Melito, described the massacre of Pentedattilo, the coat of arms of the Montebello Abenavoli. Autobiographical writings are reported in the work.The copy was dedicated by the painter to Italo Biddittu who decided to make it public as a fair homage to the artist.
Relevant answer
Answer
To publish a work of others, requires the authorization of his successors in title in the case of his death, but it is necessary to rely on the national law of the author of this work.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
3 answers
I want to use power-pc architecture for various performance analysis. As Gem5 doesn't contain the power-pc architecture can I design and integrate the architecture in GEM5 library?
If yes is there any documentation available for the reference to add the architecture?
Relevant answer
Answer
The gem5 simulator is a modular platform for computer system architecture research, encompassing system-level architecture as well as processor microarchitecture.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
1 answer
Hi all, my current thoughts include
  • Experimentally filming and motion tracking people leaning on walls/pushing weights, then using k=f/(initial - final distance)
  • Energy methods: change in kinetic energy = potential energy (in a spring), then solve 1/2kx^2 = 1/2mv^2 for the stiffness, k.
  • An alternative energy method: Castigliano's theorem?
  • Spring tension = inertial forces (i.e. D'Alembert's Principle) + body force (i.e. weight)
  • Simulation using FEA, probably including multibody dynamics and rigid bodies for everything other than the arm.
Is there a method (of using any of the above) to understand the non-linearities that might be expected in a human ligament?
Please can I get any other suggestions you might have or comments on the above?
Many thanks,
Alex
Relevant answer
Answer
Hi Alexander,
I don't know the answer. When I clicked on questions this was one of the top ones and it took me back to my undergraduate days and I thought it was intriguing.
I completed a project and published a paper on the development of a Glenohumeral Test rig back then and I also know of other researchers who were working on similar bio-mechanical projects. I've attached the paper below and a few others. Maybe you could use them for reading, have a look at the referencing, it might provide you with useful papers related to your project. It might not, but I just thought it could be of some use to you.
Hope they might be of some use.
Best Regards
Martin
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
3 answers
Which one is more effective when we use Mach–Zehnder interferometer as a modulator-
1) overlap the two arms in the end of the source.
2) split them as we do in the Y-branch waveguide.
Relevant answer
Answer
What do you mean by overlap in MZI?
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
1 answer
I have single arm study and these results, I dont know how to explain it. What does it mean in this case censored patients, what does it mean if Ihave not estimable results NE?
How you please interpret results?
K-M (kaplan mayer) estimation of PFS
number of events n,% 10, (65%)
progressive disease n,% 8 (50%)
death n,% 5 (35%)
number of censored patients n,% 4 (8%)
median 95%, CI months 4 (2,5-10) or 5 (8,6-NE)
Relevant answer
Answer
WOW
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
2 answers
Can one help me regarding explaining open arm initial heading errors in EPM and its relation to anxiety?
Relevant answer
"The EPM was constructed from pine boards, painted black and sealed with polyurethane. It consisted of two opposing open arms (length: 40 cm, width: 9 cm) and two opposing wall-enclosed arms (wall height: 15 cm) extending off of a center square (9 cm per side) to form a plus shape. The maze was placed on a pedestal (70 cm high) in the center of a rectangular room (3 × 3.7 meters) with white walls containing large black painted shapes. A video camera was hung from the ceiling (2.7 meters high), directly above the center of the maze."
Front. Behav. Neurosci., 17 February 2015 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00031
Behavior in the elevated plus maze is differentially affected by testing conditions in rats under and over three weeks of age
Your definition can be like this: Presently we define open arm initial heading errors in the elevated plus maze in the following way:
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
3 answers
Is there is a relation between increasing neurogenesis and EPM?
I mean if stress increased neurogenesis, open arm entries would increase in stressed group?
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
2 answers
Can anxiety increase open arm time, open arm initial heading, open arm head dipping number and central zone time in the elevated plus maze?
Relevant answer
Anxiety is likely to cause a freezing response and thereby increase time.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
4 answers
A flexible beam has vibration, we want to eliminate its vibration using an active arm jointed to free end of the flexible beam.
Relevant answer
Answer
If ai understood good, for vibration suppression, you can use a dynamical absorber (flow divider), if the space allows this.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
4 answers
We want to build a reach task with as few elements as possible...
We have a nice workshop and also a 3D printer
Relevant answer
Answer
You can dimension your workspace by lengths of both links R,r. You get a workspace limited by two (semi)circles of inner radius R-r and outer radius R+r then.
Extending the two links by a parallelogram (shown on the right) you will yield the same kinematic behaviour (DoF = 2) ... probably the mechanism shown in your image, I believe now. Advantage would be higher stiffness ... but you asked for minimal link number, which would be two.
You have only revolute (rotational) joints similar to those shown in your picture.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
4 answers
I found a systematic review that based it's results on randomised, single study arm and non randomised studies. I'm considering a systematic review on the same topic however I'm concerned if the limitation mentioned above is enough to justify a systematic review in the same year.
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Sanjula,
A truly reproducible and minimum biased SR is very hard to achieve (my opinion). And as long as we are coming up with improved methods (based on codes or not), then it is something very good in my view.
We talked about some aspects about reprodubilbity in one of the very important tasks in SR, which were presented at the Wikiconference of North America 2021 (https://vimeo.com/630039616)
Well, feel free to test any code we have covered, and if you have any questions about using it, just let us know.
All the best,
F.P.A.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
3 answers
I would like to receive suggestions about which indicators can better represent the recognition that non-state armed groups can receive from the international community.
Relevant answer
Answer
عقد اتفاق مؤشر للاعتراف
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
2 answers
I have been tasked with designing a 4 (maybe 5) degree of freedom of freedom robotic arm that will be installed in the back of a van. Being in a van, its of importance for it to be as lightweight as possible while drawing as little energy as possible. Does anyone have any experience with this and can pass some ideas? Any sources for designs maybe?
Relevant answer
Answer
Thank you! This has good information
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
3 answers
Is there a definitive way to determine the delay between the fundamental (800 nm) and it's second harmonic (400 nm) generated by a type 1 BBO?
Our Ti-Sapphire laser generates 800 nm pulses at 30 fs, a Mach–Zehnder interferometer is constructed. One arm is made to pass through a type 1 beta-BBO of 100 microns, while the other is not disturbed. The delay between 800 and 800 nm was determined quite easily before the type-1 BBO was placed, but a delay is introduced between the 800 and 400 nm pulses in one arm due to the type-1 BBO. Is there any way to determine the delay between them?
PS: The THG generation method was not advisable since control of individual intensities was not guaranteed in the said method.
Relevant answer
Answer
I do not quite understand your conclusion that type-I phase matching will give rise to a delay between fundamental and SHG as both pulses travel at identical phase velocities in the crystal. Of course, this does not mean that group velocities are identical, too, but as the SHG becomes most intense during the final stretch of the propagation I would not expect much of a measurable delay from that effect.
You can theoretically investigate this by setting up the coupled propagation equations for fundamental and SHG, including a group velocity mismatch. If you want to measure this then you can certainly try to set up an auto/cross correlator with a broadband nonlinearity, e.g., tightly focusing on a quartz substrate using surface SHG/SFG. However, you would unavoidably see dispersive effects due to beam splitters, lenses and air paths rather than the delay incurred during the original SHG process. There are ways around this, but this would be a rather challenging experiment for an effect that probably does not even exist.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
8 answers
Dear academicians/researchers , I am trying to simulate a sinusoidal wave for my robot arm. The problem is when I set the starting angle in State Target>Position and update my model it looks fine , but when I try to connect a sine wave in order to control the joint movement, I noticed that the arm is no longer started from the angle I have set recently.
Any advice will be highly appreciated.
Farah
Relevant answer
Answer
Thanks for sharing your thoughts
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
7 answers
Assume that you have a red liquid which is absorbing green light. If you put it in one arm of a Michelson interferometer and if you gradually increase the concentration of the absorbing dye, what happens to the interference fringes. In the other words what happens to the refractive index of the medium. The intensity of the fringes certainly will be reduced. it might be helpful to use a non equal beam splitter.
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Ezeddin Mohajerani , thanks for sharing this interesting question. Of course, while the laser source power remains constant, the intensity of the fringes will be reduced as the dye concentration is encreased. The arm with the dye solution would absorb more and therefore less light will arribe to the detector from this arm, causing a fainter interference.
Normally addition of solute to a solution would cause a rise in refractive index, depending of the solvent and solute refractive indexes.
These variations could be relatively small, but important compared to the reference arm where you only has air.
The higher the refractive index of the dye solution, the larger the paths differences.
Hope this helps. Good luck with your research work and best wishes.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
7 answers
Mass (kg) X acceleration = Inertia which is the same as the intersection of the base. The product of inertia if we multiply it by the height we find the overturning moment of the column. If we have a wall that has a double lever arm (except for the lever arm of height and that of width) then the product of the tipping moment is divided by the width of the wall and this will be the tipping moment of the wall. If the wall is anchored at its base, a reaction will be created to the overturning torque of the lever, which multiplies (as we have seen) the overturning forces, since, as the height increases, its overturning force also multiplies. If the anchor is at the bottom of the wall, the critical failure area will also appear there and the anchor point is also the lever of the wall. Question If the anchoring of the wall is not at its lower ends, but is at its upper ends. That is, if we place this wall on a machine - press and apply pressure to it, it will remain a lever arm or its mechanical condition will change; 1) Will we have a multiplication of the tipping forces as it happens when the anchor is applied to its lower extremities? 2) Will a critical area of ​​failure of right forces N (compression and tension) be created as it happens when the anchorage is applied to its lower extremities? In short, we know that the walls drop high torques at the base since that is where the reaction of any substandard anchorage is. If the anchoring is done on the roof (ie if pre-tensioning is applied between the upper ends of the sides of the wall and the foundation ground) it will lower torques at the base and will create or not a critical failure area;
Relevant answer
Answer
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
6 answers
I did try modified Newcastle Ottawa scale but after removing the comparability of cohorts options, I can score out of 6 only in which most articles are getting only 4 or 5 which is not considered good as you all know. So is there any other tool that I can use or there is no need to do quality assessment in single-arm studies?
Relevant answer
Answer
Yes, I think so. Is very convenient to perform really.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
4 answers
Why we do not consider the potential and kinetic energy of the motor at the joints in the two arm robot..I see only considered the links in the Lagrange equation .However the motor at the joint has height same as link has height this mean has potential energy also when the first link rotate the body of the motor will rotate to gather with second link which produce kinetic energy
Relevant answer
Answer
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
19 answers
I tried performing a meta-analysis of single arm studies (i.e without controls) using openMeta-analyst which allowed me to combine the effect estimate in form of proportions. Different organ transplants with similar endpoint were included from various studies. I was able to obtain
1) the overall estimate of all organs
2) perform sub-group analysis to find the estimate for specific organs, timing of treatment(<7days and >7 days), study design and availability of insurance cover or not
3) Did meta-regression to assess impact of covariates like timing of treatment
My PI wants a direct comparison of the point estimates from the subgroups already meta-analyzed. Is this a good practice and how can I do this without controls? I thought of using one organ say heart as the intervention and liver as control and then including by the number of events/total number of subjects for studies that provided data. For the corresponding control or intervention without values (since this direct comparison was not done in individual studies), I used zero and then corrected with 0.5 automatically which the software handles pretty well. Is this an ideal way to go in order to obtain the RR or OR across different sub-groups?
Please see below a schema of what I did:
Study organ 1 organ 2
A 0/0 6/20
B 0/0 4/9
C 0/0 8/23
D 6/21 0/0
E 34/45 0/0
F 12/50 0/0
ABC don't have information on organ 1 while DEF don't have info on organ 2. I am hoping this set up can help me unravel the difference between organs for a specific outcome measured.
I would appreciate your urgent response.
Relevant answer
Answer
The analysis of the included study would depend on the answer you are looking to identify in the metaanalysis. Define your PICO carefully and that will shape your analysis.
When evaluating single arm study, make sure to evaluate how the outcome is defined i.e. is the outcome response vs no response or is it increased or decreased response. Lets assume in a study with a binary outcome (e.g., response vs. no response) if the objective is to identify 'any effect' whatsoever - (i.e., the null hypothesis is “zero response” or equivalently that the lower bound for the confidence interval for the response rate is greater than zero).
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
4 answers
Hi, May i know how to perform meta analysis for single arm observation studies (i.e., contains one group, either control or intervention)?
I have datas of mean, sample size and SD for all studies and would like to perform meta analysis.
Which softwares should I need to use for Single observation ?
How to deal with missing datas in the studies? I am not too sure if we can ignore the missing datas without any rational?
Thanks
Relevant answer
Answer
If you have the mean, sample size and SE (instead of SD), you could perform a meta-analysis that considers the mean as the effect size measure. It is important to manually set the sample size as an option in your meta-analysis command, since it would be used to adjust for the individual study weights.
I don't know the software you are using to run your analyses, but in Stata you can use the meta set command, using the studysize() option. Don't forget to converte you SD into SE, you can refer to the Cochrane handbook to work out the formula: https://handbook-5-1.cochrane.org/chapter_7/7_7_3_2_obtaining_standard_deviations_from_standard_errors_and.htm
Hope this helps!
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
3 answers
I'm working on a way to give predict/generate a set of possibly associated skills for a given skill/technology. I've done some research and I've found that ARM algorithms are the closest thing to a solution for my problem. My question is how can I exploit the results of Apriori algorithm in order to predict the set of skills associated to a possible input (one skill)? Is there a better way than this approach?
Much thanks.
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Chaimaa,
By using FP tree (FP Growth algorithm), you can get the frequent patterns, from these frequent pattern you can use any other algorithm to get the association rules.
Best regards,
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
1 answer
Greetings.
I have been trying to fabricate a Hall bar on a SiGe/Ge heterostructure for transport measurements and so far my devices have failed to show ohmic behaviour at low temperatures. I have troubleshot several possible issues, from the cleaning process of native oxide before the ohmic metal deposition to the annealing of the ohmic contacts. Now, the last issue I have stumbled upon is the geometry of my devices. I have found the information in the picture attached to this message. I have deposited my ohmic metal all along the Hall bar arms, making it more like the top figure. I imagine this is a mistake as it seems to increase the error.
My question is, why is this important? Why the relative dimensions of the Hall bar arms are important and how they influence measurement? Also, why shouldn't the contacts be close to the main channel like in the top figure?
A colleague of mine has successfully fabricated a Hall bar and by checking his design, the difference with mine are a very large area for the ohmic contacts and the deposition of ohmic metals at the "tip" of the arm. This is why I am wondering how the position of the ohmic contacts affects the measurement.
Thank you very much.
Best regards,
Gabriel.
Relevant answer
welcome again!
In Hall probe the Hall voltage accessing contacts must be in form of point contact which must be also aligned to avoid the voltage shift effect.
The current accessing contacts may be best made to contact the end of the bar as per your drawing.
Only your Hall voltage contacts must be in form of points. Please make the contacts as small as possible.
Best wishes
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
1 answer
Hello, I had done my experiment which observing ARM lipase in SDS gel and this experiment related to affinity chromatography. But I sadly get 3 bands at the well that I insert the elution solution. It supposed to appear only one band which referring to ARM Lipase only. What does that mean? and Is there any precaution step or solution to prevent this occur?
Relevant answer
Answer
Could be that either your affinity column or your protein of interest had some relatively strong interactions with 2 other proteins - you could add another purification step such as size exclusion chromatography to solve this problem (if the size difference is large enough), or increase your wash steps, or try a different method of purification. If it is your protein of interest forming a complex with other proteins, adding a very small concentration of urea to your wash buffers might help.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
1 answer
According to the literature published by
Md Sahrom Abu, Siti Rahayu Selamat, Robiah Yusof and Aswami Ariffin
Formulation of Association Rule Mining (ARM) for an Effective Cyber Attack Attribution in Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) was recommended as a good approach
Relevant answer
Answer
Formulation of Association Rule Mining (ARM) for an Effective Cyber Attack Attribution in Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) was recommended as a good approach
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
4 answers
It has been observed that a single arm study is designed to validate a pharmacopoeial formulation for its effectiveness. As such there is no guideline available in India for acceptance of the level of evidence required to support validation of a traditional medicinal product.
Relevant answer
Answer
I dont think so
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
1 answer
Utilizing REDCap, we will be enrolling patients in a clinical trial where we need them to:
- undergo a treatment or placebo
- complete a 2 wk f/u questionnaire in the office
- complete a 6 wk f/u questionnaire in the office
They may be at 3 different offices for their appointments when they complete it. We are planning to use an iPad. How can we have it fire the surveys, link to their enrollment data or arm of their trial without using emails or QRS codes?
Relevant answer
Answer
Hi Traci,
We are currently doing this in our clinical trial. We do this by having the site staff who have REDCap login access, login to the database, locate the patient's record, click on first questionnaire (your survey starting point) in the relevant follow up timepoint (i.e. 2 wk f/u or 6 wk f/u). When the instrument opens, click on the 'survey options' tab in the top right hand corner and then click 'log out and open survey'.
This will then open the survey for the patient on the ipad.
This means that the patient can complete the survey, but is not able to access the REDCap database because the user is now logged out. Has worked fantastic for us so far.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
3 answers
In one of the articles, I read the following hypothesis:
We assume that the processor’s control logic is protected against faults via control-flow checking.
Regarding ARM processors, I wonder if the Program Counter Register (PC) is a part of the processor’s control logic or not.
Relevant answer
Answer
no
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
4 answers
I have used 1ml HF +199ml water to etch it but was getting a cellular structure. I really do hope I get a suggestion to get the SDAS and the intermetallic sizes if anyone has work on it before..
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Dr. Azeez Aremu ,
I suggest you to have a look at the following, interesting database:
-Metallographic Etchants by PACE Technologies
My best regards, Pierluigi Traverso.
  • asked a question related to Arm
Question
1 answer
Hello, anyone out there familiar with Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA) software developed by Copenhagen Trial Unit? The free software is available at: http://www.ctu.dk/tsa/downloads.aspx Manual is available here: http://www.ctu.dk/tsa/files/tsa_manual.pdf
Summary of my questions up here: 1. How do you obtain required information size (RIS) by using traditional 5% significance boundary, 'cause for what I'm aware of, RIS can only be calculated by α-spending boundary using O'Brien-Fleming method? 2. Where and how can I set "δ" value while applying α-spending boundary ?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- So I've been working on a project involving meta-analysis and trial sequential anaylsis of noninferiority randomized control trials (RCTs). I've met some technical problems which I can't solve, so I tried to look for literature of similar study design and luckily I found this study entitled Haloperidol Versus 5-HT 3 Receptor Antagonists for Postoperative Vomiting and QTc Prolongation: A Noninferiority Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Regarding the setting of conventional 5% significance boundary and alpha-spending boundary using O'Brien Fleming method, here I quote " The first was the classical boundary, setting the α error to 5%. The required estimated information size was 799, and our cumulative value was found to be 859. Further, we used the O'Brien-Fleming α-spending function for testing for futility. For this the δ was set at 10% and β at 20%. The TSA graph clearly showed that cumulative Z scores were well past the inner wedge of futility and fell within the range of actual equivalence. The information size of 859 was well past the required 812 for this method as well" Obviously, the equivalence of haloperidol and 5-HT 3 receptor antagonists is proved.
I tried to simulate and run the software myself using exactly the same data provided in this article, as shown in Forest plot. After adding every single trials with the events/total, I started to set up the parameter needed for applying both conventional 5% significance boundary and α-spending boundary. The parameters needed for setting up the traditional 5% significance boundary are type I error (5%) and boundary type (two-sided) as shown in figure 1. As you can see, there's no where showing the estimated RIS, which gave rise to the first question I mentioned above. Next, I filled in parameters needed to set up α-spending boundary, including α=5%, power=80%, information axis=sample size, information size=estimate, incidence in intervention arm=85/428=19.9, incidence in control arm=91/431=21.1, heterogeneity correction=model variance based, as shown in figure 2. However, there's nowhere for me to put in "δ" value, which was mentioned and set 10% in the study mentioned above. With my setting, the estimated RIS is 35533, far larger than 812 as mentioned in the article, and wasn't able to perform TSA due to too little information used, as shown in figure 3.
So my question is obvious, how did they obtain such results (please refer to TSA.jpg) ?????? Where did I do incorrectly ?
Thank you for your time going through this and it'd be nice to give me some help !!!