Arbitration - Science topic

The legitimate expectation principle, as an important legal principle developed in the practice of international investment arbitration, originated from the concept of reliance protection in domestic administrative law of countries like the UK and the US. Currently, in investment arbitration, more and more arbitration tribunals regard the legitimat...

1/ Commissioned by the British QS Foundation as a judge to evaluate the world's universities. 2 / Appointed as a judge to evaluate 14 pioneering projects in artificial intelligence, in the field of higher education, by the British QS Foundation in 2023

1/ Commissioned by the British QS Foundation as a judge to evaluate the world's universities. 2 / Appointed as a judge to evaluate 7 pioneering projects in artificial intelligence, in the field of higher education, by the British QS Foundation in 2024

Resolving disputes related to foreign investment is not as straightforward as one might think, as it involves investment disputes that engage two or more legal systems. Therefore, the resolution is not solely determined by the law applicable within the territory of Indonesia, but also takes into account the laws of other countries participating in...

This paper investigates the normative dimensions of linguistic due process in arbitration through a critical examination of Jordanian Arbitration Law No. 30 of 2001 against transnational procedural standards. Employing doctrinal, comparative, and socio-legal methodologies, the study conceptualizes linguistic due process as a non-derogable element o...

Arbitration

The legal profession, as one of the traditional legal professions, and arbitration, as one of the basic methods of out-of-court dispute resolution, are fundamentally linked in practice, and the lawyer plays a central role in arbitration. Both the practice of advocacy and arbitration are regulated at various levels by a number of legal, but generall...

The role of President Ho Chi Minh in the history of Vietnam cannot be overestimated. His humanistic ideology permeates all spheres of modern life of Vietnamese society, including exerting a significant influence on the foreign policy of the state and its approaches to the norms and institutions of the international legal order. Based on the legacy...

Between 1972 and 1994, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) underwent a transformation in its legal framework that continues to serve as the basis for lex Olympica . This study examines through a historical narrative how the IOC shifted from informal governance structures to a sophisticated, law-based system. Through an analysis of IOC archiva...

The contestations of Abyei by Sudan and South Sudan has continued to brew conflicts for the two sisterly states. While the conflicts emanate from the lack of clarity of eligible voters from the Abyei Protocol, 2004 of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), 2005, the contestations graduated into the cacophony tunes of nationalism. The Government o...

Construction projects are inherently complex, and involve multiple stakeholders with diverse interests and goals. The construction industry has explored the use of hybrid dispute resolution methods, such as the combination of arbitration and mediation, known as "med-arb.” However, the effectiveness of arbitration in construction disputes is not cha...

In order to effectively coordinate numerous devices, ensure scalability, stability, and prevent overload on a single master, multi-master and multi-slave communication is crucial for controlling big, complex systems.Numerous techniques are currently established using I2C protocols, spi single master slave, master and multi slave communication, and...

The main purpose of the article is to evaluate the possibility of using alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods in resolving investment disputes in the energy sector. The basic method is the analysis of the literature on the subject, laws regarding the use of ADR methods and their interpretation presented by representatives of the doctrine. Th...

With 170 members, the most often adopted basic legal tool in international arbitration is the New York Convention of 1958. The New York Convention has more validity and efficiency of arbitration as a means of resolving international commercial conflicts as long as the grounds given under Article V of the Convention are not invoked; hence, the contr...

Nigeria signed the United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation also known as the Singapore Convention on Mediation on the 7th of August 2019 but ratified the convention on the 27th of November 2023 and it came into force on the 27th May 2024 with the goals of enhancing legal certainty in International C...

The article highlights the problem of understa.nding the concept of «public order of Ukraine» in private international law through the prism of criminal law provision of protection of national interests by the provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The author analyzes the national legislation of Ukraine, international conventions, and certain...

Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) free-form generated responses remains a challenge due to their diverse and open-ended nature. Traditional supervised signal-based automatic metrics fail to capture semantic equivalence or handle the variability of open-ended responses, while human evaluation, though reliable, is resource-intensive. Leveraging...

International arbitration has emerged as the leading forum for resolving cross-border disputes, lauded for its flexibility, global enforceability, neutrality, confidentiality, and specialized expertise. Yet, as parties, counsel, and arbitrators increasingly represent diverse linguistic backgrounds, gaps in language proficiency threaten procedural f...

The article examines conciliation procedures in the resolution of economic disputes by conducting a comparative legal analysis. It is emphasized that modern trends in the development of the legal system demonstrate the growing role of conciliation procedures in the resolution of economic disputes. Alternative methods of dispute resolution, such as...

This article explores key challenges to commercial arbitration in Pakistan: such as judicial intervention, and bad faith by the parties. It discusses how the Arbitration Act of 1940 allows judicial interventions, while Section 32 explicitly bars. However, courts sometimes overstep their bounds. The focus of this article is primarily on judicial int...

This article or writing aims to find out about the ineffectiveness of settlement through arbitration according to Republic of Indonesia Law Number 30 of 1999 concerning Adr (Alternative Dispute Resolation). The problem focuses on the ineffectiveness of settlement through arbitration according to Republic of Indonesia Law Number 30 of 1999 concernin...

El propósito de este artículo es analizar si el arbitraje puede ser un mecanismo para aliviar la falta de acceso a la justicia de las víctimas de violaciones a derechos humanos relacionados con las acciones de las empresas transnacionales. En primer lugar, el artículo examina las características del arbitraje de inversiones y comercial en los que l...

This summer, the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PAC) held the first oral hearings in the case brought by the Philippines against China concerning the South China Sea. Before considering any substantive issues, the PAC has to decide whether it has jurisdiction to issue a ruling. Earlier, the closing weeks of 2014 had seen three significant developm...

One of the most intriguing and perhaps trail-brazing phenomena that the modern day blockchain revolution has produced is the emergence of crowdsourced, blockchain based dispute resolution platforms. This article seeks to probe into a description of the functioning of these blockchain based arbitrations, along with some of the advantages they presen...

Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) free-form generated responses remains a challenge due to their diverse and open-ended nature. Traditional supervised signal-based automatic metrics fail to capture semantic equivalence or handle the variability of open-ended responses, while human evaluation, though reliable, is resource-intensive. Leveraging...

Over recent years, we have observed the dynamic development of artificial intelligence, which has revolutionized social reality. With technological progress, artificial intelligence has become important in the justice system. Modern artificial intelligence tools have become a starting point in mediation and arbitration as quick, efficient and effec...

Intellectual property cases are usually very complex and complicated. Moreover, during proceedings in these types of cases quite often a necessity to reveal trade secrets occurs. And at the same time in most intellectual property disputes parties to the dispute are entrepreneurs for whom it is crucial that a right and correct judgement is rendered...

Multiprocessor System-on-Chip (MPSoC) architectures are widely used in high-performance computing, embedded systems, and real-time applications. A key challenge in MPSoC design is efficient communication between processing elements through shared bus architectures. Arbitration algorithms play a critical role in managing bus access, impacting perfor...

Objective: The study aimed to identify Rules of Arbitration in Trademark Disputes and the Convention (TRIPS) To achieve sustainable development goals. Theoretical Framework: There has been a significant development during the previous years in matters related to arbitration rules in trademark disputes by international agreements and treaties such a...

The emergence of tax disputes as a consequence of differences in interests between tax authorities and taxpayers is a normal thing to happen. However, if an excessive number of tax disputes occur, this has the potential to create legal uncertainty, both for taxpayers and tax authorities. In theory and practice, a dispute resolution mechanism has de...

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, ChatGPT, as a generative language model, shows great potential in the field of language teaching. Especially in business Chinese teaching, ChatGPT provides new ideas and methods for vocabulary teaching by virtue of its powerful language generation and comprehension ability. 《New Silk...

The enforcement of international commercial arbitration (ICA) awards is a critical aspect of global trade and investment, ensuring the credibility and effectiveness of arbitration as a dispute resolution mechanism. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the enforcement frameworks in Pakistan and the UK both signatories to the New York Conven...

The article notes that in accordance with the pilot decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, Ukraine should develop the institution of reconciliation of the parties. An innovative legal institution that was introduced into the system of civil procedural law of Ukraine was the institution of dispute resolution with the participation of a jud...

Bankruptcy is a special civil law that implements Articles 1131 and 1132 of the Civil Code. Bankruptcy is a legal remedy for creditors to ask debtors to return debts. As we know, this special legal effort is an effort that can benefit creditors, but with the condition that the debt must be due and payable. The concept of a debt that has matured doe...

El artículo se dedica a interpretar el inciso “herederos no forzosos o legitimarios” del art. 10 de la Ley de arbitraje española relativo al arbitraje testamentario y, al mismo tiempo, quiere dar algunas instrucciones prácticas para redactar una disposición arbitral testamentaria que no sufra de patologías a la hora de su aplicación. The paper is...

In a bid to maneuver situations where delays in the formation of an arbitral tribunal could negate the subsequent relief obtained by disputants, the Nigerian legislature enacted the Arbitration and Mediation Act 2023 on May 26, 2023. This legislative measure reflects a steadfast commitment to creating a supportive environment for alternative disput...

The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) case involving Vinesh Phogat, a prominent Indian wrestler at the 2024 Paris Olympics, serves as a significant precedent in sports law emphasizing the importance of strict adherence to competition rules. Phogat was disqualified from the Women’s Freestyle 50 kg final after failing the second weigh-in by a marg...

Despite being regulated in Law Number 30 Year 1999, the effectiveness of arbitration in Indonesia still faces various challenges, such as lack of public understanding, high costs for small businesses, and limited arbitration infrastructure in the regions. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate and strengthen the role of arbitration to ensure that t...

This article considers the inter-relationship between Islamic Law and case and statute law as it relates to legal practice in England and Wales. The emergence of Shari’a in the United Kingdom is briefly considered together with the Islamic origins of arbitration and the development of Shari’a Councils and arbitration bodies. It reviews the place of...

The present work examines issues of enforcement of arbitration agreement under Uzbek law. The reference will be made to national and international instruments and guidelines, including but not limited to the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration, the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On International Commercial Arbitration”, a...

The event gave an eye-opening discourse on the current issues of the West Philippine Sea. The speakers gave a clear and concise presentation on the historical context, territorial conflicts, and the need to protect our maritime rights. They stressed the importance of the West Philippine Sea not just for our sovereignty but also for our economy, mar...

The Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA) was introduced as a temporary solution to the paralysis of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Appellate Body. This paper examines the MPIA’s structure, legal framework, and effectiveness within the WTO dispute settlement system. It highlights the MPIA’s voluntary nature, limited particip...

Este artigo tem como objetivo estabelecer qual regra deve ser aplicada no âmbito arbitral em relação ao ônus da prova, dada a importância da produção de provas nesse método alternativo de resolução de disputas. O objetivo principal é compreender as regras e definir a mais adequada para a aplicação. Foi utilizado o método dedutivo, baseado na revisã...

Arbitration is not a new concept under Turkish law; in fact, arbitration has been regulated in detail and it has been interpreted in various cases before Turkish courts. However, the Turkish arbitration regime has a multidimensional and fragmented structure under the Turkish legal system. Along with a general criticism of arbitration as a dispute s...

A fundamental question at the beginning of any arbitration is whether any public policy rules prohibit the dispute to be decided by arbitration. As arbitration became a widely accepted alterna- tive to litigation in national courts, the scope of arbitrable disputes was expanded to allow for a wide range of disputes to be resolved through arbitratio...

With the adoption of the Law on Arbitration in 2006 (hereinafter referred to as the LA), Serbia has joined the ranks of the countries that have provided for the issue of arbitration in a modern and comprehensive manner. However, over the course of almost two decades of application of this Law, certain ambiguities and lack of clarity have come to su...

Arbitration in Hungary, despite its modern legal framework and strategic location in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), remains underutilised compared to neighbouring countries such as Austria. This paper explores the reasons behind this trend, examining Hungary’s arbitration landscape, strengths, and challenges. Key factors include legislative inte...

Arbitration in the Slovak Republic has grown steadily as the preferred commercial dispute resolution method, driven by a robust legal framework under the Arbitration Act aligned with the UNCITRAL Model Law. Despite its increasing popularity, the adoption of arbitration remains relatively slow, hindered by the issues such as judicial interference, l...

Arbitration in Czechia has historical roots tracing back to the First Czechoslovak Republic. However, the article explores mainly the recent evolution of Czech arbitration law, addressing topics such as interim measures and significant developments in the conduct of arbitral proceedings, including the unusual role of the country’s Code of Civil Pro...

Arbitration in Greece has both a long history, and an exciting present. This paper explores the landscape of arbitration in Greece and its key features. Recent key points include the reform of arbitration legislation, modernising the legal framework to make Greece a popular and trusted arbitration centre. Similarly, as an EU Member State, Greece ha...

This paper deals with the arbitration framework in North Macedonia, presenting the dualistic approach to domestic and international arbitration as provided by the national Law on International Commercial Arbitration (hereafter: LICA) and the national Code of Civil Procedure (hereafter: CPA). The LICA is based on the 1985 UNCITRAL Model Law on Inter...

Based on Larw Number 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution, this study examines the legality of mediation outcomes as a dispute resolution procedure in business contracts. Mediation is one alternative dispute resolution technique. By using a mediator as an impartial third party, the two parties to the dispute hope to...

International trade disputes have been successfully settled by the London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA), a component of the international arbitration system. The decision of a breach of contract dispute involving an aircraft leasing agreement between Helice Leasing S.A.S (Helice) and Atterissage S.A.S (Atterissage) with PT. Garuda Indon...

This is a call to apply to lecture at the 2025 Ravenna Summer School on Cross Border Litigation and International Arbitration

The picnic seabream, or goldsilk seabream, Acanthopagrus berda (Forsskal 1775) is a commercially valuable food fish in the Indian subcontinent. The annual landings of A. berda along the Indian coast during 2018 to 2022 showed an increasing trend over the years. It peaked at 56.5 tons (t) in 2021, up from 0.685 t in 2018, before decreasing again in...

In CPU–GPU heterogeneous systems, there exists intense resource contention between CPUs and GPUs. Traditional resource arbitration policies fail to account for the heterogeneity of cores, leading to inefficient network resource utilization for the CPU, which negatively impacts its performance. In heterogeneous networks, the degree of resource conte...

The canonical function of caspase-8 is to control timely cellular apoptosis to maintain tissue homeostasis and clear dysfunctional cells; however, emerging findings reveal novel, non-canonical roles of caspase in addition to regulating cellular apoptosis, including inflammatory response regulation, immune function, and cell differentiation. Further...

Dispute resolution in Sharia economic transactions is essential to align settlement processes with Islamic legal principles. This study examines the function and role of Sharia-based arbitration, focusing on its alignment with the values of justice, efficiency, and confidentiality within Islamic law. Using a literature-based methodology, the resear...

Teleoperation enables remote human support of automated vehicles in scenarios where the automation is not able to find an appropriate solution. Remote assistance concepts, where operators provide discrete inputs to aid specific automation modules like planning, is gaining interest due to its reduced workload on the human remote operator and improve...

Non-litigation conflicts can be settled in a number of ways, including through arbitration and mediation. "A method for testing a particular theory by examining the relationship between variables" is the quantitative approach that is employed. The study's findings indicate that the time frames for arbitrating and mediating disputes differ; specific...

Indonesian State-owned enterprises’ participation in the international commercial transactions have become a prime example which affects the increasing need for international commercial arbitrations today and in the future. However, the State immunity that Indonesian State-owned enterprise owns may potentially give rise to issue on the implementati...

Arbitration is increasingly becoming the preferred method for the resolving of international cross-border disputes among business persons. One of the main advantages of arbitration is that arbitral awards are more easily recognized and enforced than judicial awards, mainly due to the New York Convention. Consequently, the process of recognition and...

The Western Balkan States have enormous potential to further develop arbitration as the most attractive method of alternative dispute resolution. The courts in this region are overburdened. The litigation in commercial cases takes too long. Arbitration should benefit from the lack of efficiency in litigation, but it does not. This paper aims to det...

International relations and interaction necessarily lead to conflicts and disputes that require resolution one way on the other. In the resolution of these international disputes arising from the commercial and investment interaction of the people of different countries of the world is achieved mainly through the instrumentality of arbitration lead...

The law no. 52/2023 “On Arbitration in the Republic of Albania”, which regulates domestic and international arbitration seated in Albania, entered into force in 2023, after decades of legal vacuum. The adoption of this law is a very welcome positive step. Firstly, it solves all the problems stemming from the lack of an arbitration law in Albania. S...

Judicial capacity building is recognized as a vital element of development policy. However, with resources for (judicial) capacity building being limited, this paper seeks to address first the question of why states should dedicate the limited resources available to invest in capacity building through international arbitration. Second, if such inve...

Arbitration is a popular dispute resolution method in the construction industry in Indonesia because the process is fast, efficient, and the results are final and binding. However, attempts to retest or annul arbitral awards in courts often threaten the principle of finality. This study aims to analyze the legal basis for reviewing arbitral awards...

The Western Balkans is a region comprising six Southeastern European countries that are still not European Union Member States but are currently pursuing reforms aimed at strengthening the rule of law—considered as a key prerequisite for EU accession, economic development and the building of a prosperous society. However, it has been noted that Wes...

In recent years, foreign investors have increasingly resorted to international arbitration against the Western Balkan States. In a number of such arbitrations, the respondent States have raised an illegality defence, arguing that the applicable treaties bar access to arbitration to investors who have obtained their investments illegally. This defen...

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, arbitration emerges as a promising mechanism for resolving disputes, especially those involving foreign parties. Nevertheless, an overview of the legal framework shows several obstacles that impede this from becoming a reality. Upon examination of the legal framework, a patchwork of laws governing arbitration, dispersed a...

Objectives: This study aims to examine the absence of legal frameworks in Iraq that govern electronic arbitration and identify the challenges contracting parties face in resolving disputes arising from electronic commercial contracts. Additionally, it highlights the necessity of adopting electronic arbitration to align Iraq’s legal and economic dev...

Consultation, mediation or arbitration are important elements of the dispute resolution system in the international environment. Both world wars of the 20th century taught societies and governments that a lack of willingness to agree and giving vent to aggression in international relations usually leads to collapse and huge losses for all participa...

Child custody disputes are complex issues in family law that often involve emotional and procedural conflicts between parents. In the Indonesian context, traditional litigation often lacks attention to the principle of the best interests of the child, as stipulated in Law No. 23/2002 on Child Protection. This study aims to analyze the urgency of im...

The article examines key trends in the annulment of arbitral awards in Ukraine. Arbitration is one of the most important forms of alternative dispute resolution in the field of international commercial law. However, the practice of annulment of arbitral awards remains an important topic for analysis due to its impact on the stability and predictabi...

This article delves into the multifaceted role of third-party funding (TPF) in international investment arbitration (ISA), scrutinizing its burgeoning influence and the attendant risks to the arbitration process's integrity. The paper underscores the imperative for legal reforms within the ICSID framework to bolster transparency and fairness by adv...

This article examines the evolution of arbitration in the UAE, addressing the research question of how historical and legislative developments have shaped the country’s arbitration framework to balance local traditions with international norms. It traces arbitration practices from pre-Islamic times through the influence of Islam, the transformation...

Purpose: Financial institutions, which function as intermediaries in the economy, have an important role in facilitating the flow of funds between those who have excess funds and those who lack funds. One form of financial institution that is growing rapidly in Indonesia is Islamic banking, which operates based on Islamic sharia principles, such as...

Este estudio se propone analizar el impacto en los derechos laborales de los trabajadores de una empresa pública vinculada a la actividad portuaria en empresas públicas ubicadas en el Callao, Lima, Perú, que se vio afectada por la falta de ejecución de los laudos arbitrales laborales. El enfoque de la investigación se basó en un diseño de campo no...

Objective: Our research aims to study and analyze the arbitrator's obligation to disclose in order to define its substantive scope and to avoid leaving this crucial area to the opinions of legal scholars and judicial interpretations in determining what the arbitrator must disclose. Theoretical Framework: Most legislations, despite agreeing on the n...

This study focuses on the new Marriages Act and arbitration in family disputes among the Shona people of Zimbabwe, who happen to be the largest ethnic group constituting about 75% of the Zimbabwean population. The problem identified by this study was that the new Act has been received with mixed emotions especially by religious communities with the...

This article differentiates and compares ad hoc and institutional arbitrations with their pros and cons. Though there is a growing trend from ad hoc arbitrations to institutional arbitrations, arbitral institutions need to address the challenges (mentioned in the article) to continue being lucrative to the users and be more attractive in jurisdicti...

Observing the geopolitics of the South China Sea continues with an increasingly delicate and complex dilemma that involves complicated and sensitive territorial claims presented by countries such as China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, and Indonesia. This is also tied to the economic and social implications, especially on the region’s...

This study examines the legal and ethical issues surrounding forced arbitration of sexual harassment claims in the workplace. It seeks to answer the question: "What are the legal and ethical implications of mandatory arbitration agreements for workplace sexual harassment cases?" Through a literature review and analysis of case studies, the research...

Mandatory arbitration clauses in employment contracts significantly hinder the ability of low-wage workers and other vulnerable populations to seek justice in employment disputes. This study examines the systemic challenges these clauses pose, focusing on their disproportionate impact on marginalized groups, including women, minorities, and immigra...

This paper explores the Labour and Arbitration Act's role in protecting and promoting workers' rights in the 21st century, considering economic shifts, technological advancements, and evolving employment patterns. It examines the effectiveness of arbitration as an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanism within the context of employment relat...

Articles The Sports Law Review: The New Revision Sports Law of People’s Republic of China (Huiying Xiang), Ideals of Olympia and Olympic Games Institutional Dimension – Perspective (Dimitrios P. Panagiotopoulos), The Protection of The Rights of Sports Event Organizers Under the Newly Revised Sports Law of the P.R.C ( Pei Bijun. Xiang Huiying),Devel...

Στo έργο αυτό, περιλαμβάνεται η ουσία του Αθλητικού Δικαίου και θεμελιώνεται η αθλητική δικαιοδοτική τάξη, με ανάλυση των σύγχρονων νομικών προβλημάτων της εθνικής όπως και της διεθνούς αθλητικής έννομης τάξης, όπως είναι οι κανόνες Lex Sportiva. Το ερώτημα, τι είναι Αθλητικό Δίκαιο, απαντάται με συστηματική θεμελίωσή στο πρώτο μέρος, όπως και τι α...

The development of globalization has brought Indonesian into free market and free competition, so that it is impossible to avoid disputes. Disputing parties generally resolve their disputes through courts. However, the parties can also choose alternative dispute resolution outside the courts, one of which is through arbitration. The only advantage...

This research aims to analyze the resolution of construction cost claim disputes arising from time extensions, focusing on the arbitration mechanism. The findings indicate that delays in the completion of construction projects not only give rise to cost claim disputes but also necessitate a meticulous analysis of the causes of the delays and the re...

This research aims to explore and analyze the concept of mediation in the perspective of Islamic law and how it is applied in Indonesian legislation. The main focus is to understand the similarities and differences between the principles of mediation in Islamic law and the mediation regulations applicable in Indonesia, as well as the implications f...

The enactment of the Nigerian Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) in 2021 marked a significant shift from voluntary to legally mandated community investment strategies for oil and gas companies in Nigeria. Previously, these companies relied on elective community investment strategies, such as Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs), to address conflicts with...

This research examines the arbitration law of the USA and Uzbekistan. It will start with the analysis of the US arbitration law examining issues of policy favoring arbitration, preemption, employment disputes, class arbitration, and punitive damages, as well as measures that have been taken to limit consumer and employment arbitration, including Ar...

Disputes are an inevitable aspect of socioeconomic activities, and the mining sector is no exception. As one of the most important sectors of Tanzania's economy, mining often witnesses conflicts between various stakeholders, including government entities, mining corporations, local communities, human rights defenders, and environmental activists. G...

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology is profoundly impacting the field of international commercial arbitration, bringing unprecedented technological advancements to arbitration procedures while also raising a series of legal challenges. This paper explores the main application scenarios of AI in international commercial...

In an era where technology is rapidly transforming the legal landscape, Transforming Arbitration explores how innovations like AI, blockchain, the Metaverse, and Web3 are reshaping arbitration as a key form of dispute resolution. The book features insights from leading academics, practitioners, and policymakers, offering a comprehensive look at how...

While the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Council is sometimes criticized for the potential influence of political agendas on its decisions, while the International Court of Justice (ICJ) is criticized for its limited jurisdiction and dependence on the party’s willingness to accept the ICJ’s jurisdiction, a crucial concern is raise...

The determination of the validity of arbitration agreements is fundamentally connected to principles of contract law. Traditional contract law doctrines, such as "party autonomy" and "privity of contract" often serve as pivotal references in this determination process. The introduction of the Draft Amendment to the Arbitration Law of the People's R...