Aquatic Ecosystems - Science topic

DÁ PARA FAZER UMA TESE DE MESTRADO SOBRE SUA INTERESSANTE OBRA. DANK. VOU VENDO DEVAGAR, TAMBÉM PRODUZO MUITO, LEIO MUITO E AMO VIVER FORA DA ACADE,IA. DANK, PARABÉNS, ANDRÉ

Plankton are crucial components of food webs, executing various ecological roles ranging from primary producers to bacterivores, planktivores, parasites, and saprotrophs. The structure of the plankton community deeply influences the overall functioning and stability of aquatic ecosystems.

A pivotal aspect of the plankton community structure is its diversity. This refers to the myriad of species present in the community. An increase in plankton species diversity tends to result in more stable communities because diverse communities have a better ability to withstand disturbances and preserve ecosystem functioning. Furthermore, the stability of the community is intertwined with plankton diversity, as it dictates the interactions and dynamics within the community.

Composition of the plankton community also plays a significant role in its structure. It denotes the relative abundance and spread of species within the community. Each plankton species carries its own ecological function and role, and their interactions can resonate throughout the food web. The existence of specific keystone species can notably influence the community structure and dynamics. Network analysis has unveiled that these keystone taxa are primarily rare species, emphasizing the significance of such species in upholding network persistence and community stability.

Numerous factors can sway the structure of the plankton community. Environmental variables, including water temperature, pH, nutrient concentrations, and pollution, significantly affect the composition and prevalence of plankton species. Instances like cyanobacterial blooms, frequent disturbances in aquatic systems, can disrupt plankton community structure by suppressing the growth of other phytoplankton species. Human activities, such as urbanization and water management, can similarly have a profound impact on plankton community structure and diversity.

Studying the structure and dynamics of plankton communities allows researchers to understand better the overall well-being and resilience of aquatic ecosystems. It also aids in formulating strategies for their conservation and management.

Aquatic primary production is dependent on many factors like salinity of water, availability of light in the different zones of the ocean, the source of energy for photosynthetic organisms, and availability of mineral nutrients, etc. Primary production in the aquatic ecosystem starts with the synthesis of organic compounds from the inorganic constituents of water by the activity of plants in the presence of sunlight. Primary productivity depends upon plant species of the area, their photosynthetic capacity, and availability of nutrients, solar radiations, precipitation, soil type and a number of other environmental factors. Temperature, sunlight, oxygen content, nutrition availability, and salinity are the main limiting factors in an aquatic ecosystem. In terrestrial ecosystems Tropical rain-forests show the highest productivity. In aquatic ecosystems, coral reefs have the highest productivity. The productivity of aquatic primary producers depends on a number of biotic and abiotic factors, such as pH, CO2 concentration, temperature, nutrient availability, solar UV and PAR irradiances, mixing frequency as well as herbivore pressure and presence of viruses, among others. Primary Productivity refers to the generation of biomass from autotrophic organisms such as plants. Photosynthesis is the primary tool for the creation of organic material from inorganic compounds such as carbon dioxide and water. Primary Productivity refers to the generation of biomass from autotrophic organisms such as plants. Photosynthesis is the primary tool for the creation of organic material from inorganic compounds such as carbon dioxide and water. The most productive aquatic ecosystems are shallow-water marine ecosystems where light is ample and autotrophs are multicellular with complex structures or associations. There is generally greater productivity near the coasts than in the open ocean. Coastal areas are hotspots for primary producers who require higher sunlight conditions, nutrient sediment, and organic inputs, and protection from large tidal events in order to be productive. Primary productivity in an ecosystem refers to the accumulation of energy in the form of biomass. Coral reefs have the highest productivity in aquatic ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems, tropical rainforests have the highest productivity. The productivity of aquatic systems has been given two meanings in the literature: either the transfer of matter or energy through the food web, or the quantity of fish that may be captured in a sustainable way per unit of time. A number of short-cuts may be used to estimate the sustainable fish catch. The productivity of aquatic systems has been given two meanings in the literature: either the transfer of matter or energy through the food web, or the quantity of fish that may be captured in a sustainable way per unit of time. A number of short-cuts may be used to estimate the sustainable fish catch. The annual net primary productivity of the whole biosphere is approximately 170 billion tons (bt). Out of this, terrestrial ecosystem contributes 115 billion tons while the rest 55 billion tons is contributed by ocean ecosystems. Due to the mixing of a natural flowing watercourse, typically freshwater, and the saline content of water, estuaries are highly active as they are nutrient traps. The tidal mouth of this inland watercourse is an estuary.

Aquatic biomass is composed of diverse species of micro- and microalgae and aquatic plants. Interest in such feedstocks for conversion via hydrothermal processing has received considerable interest in the last decade.The biomass is maximum in a forest ecosystem because of their size and longevity of trees. Forest ecosystem has formed the most massive and complex ecosystems of the earth. Animals, protists, and bacteria together account for ≈80% of the marine biomass, whereas on land they comprise only ≈2%. Marine animals are dominated by small mesopelagic fish and crustaceans, mostly copepods, shrimp, and krill.Bacteria were one of the first life forms to appear on Earth, and classified as prokaryotes (nucleus-less). Today, they're the second-largest composition of biomass behind plants. Perhaps this is because these organisms can be found living literally everywhere—from your gut to deep in the Earth's crust. Certain bacterial species like Methylophilus methylotrophus, because of its high rate of biomass production and growth, can be expected to produce 25 tonnes of protein. Among the most widespread animals are humans. 6.9 billion People averaging 50kg each equals roughly 350 million tonnes. Staggeringly, cow biomass exceeds 650 million tonnes (1.3 billion cattle conservatively weighing 500kg each). The only wild species in the running is Antarctic Krill. It estimates that there is roughly 80 times more biomass on land than in the oceans. Terrestrial plants which comprise ∼80% of the total biomass on Earth make up most of this difference. In terrestrial ecosystems Tropical rain-forests show the highest productivity. In aquatic ecosystems, coral reefs have the highest productivity. Primary productivity in an ecosystem refers to the accumulation of energy in the form of biomass. Coral reefs have the highest productivity in aquatic ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems, tropical rainforests have the highest productivity. Biomass productivity is determined by dividing the biomass per unit area by the age of the forest ecosystem. Biomass productivity of plantations can be determined accurately but the biomass productivity of uneven or all age stands are estimates of questionable value because of the age variation encountered. The most productive aquatic ecosystems are shallow-water marine ecosystems where light is ample and autotrophs are multicellular with complex structures or associations.

The biomass pyramid of aquatic ecosystem is inverted. Here the biomass of primary producers is much less than the zooplanktons, which is less than the small fish and the big fish having the maximum biomass. The pyramid of biomass in the sea is inverted because the amount of biomass is least at the base of the pyramid and the amount of biomass is maximum at the apex of the pyramid. The pyramid of biomass in sea is generally inverted because the biomass of fishes far exceeds than that of phytoplanktons. Most pyramids are larger at the bottom, but marine biomass pyramids are often inverted. This is because the producers are very small and have limited mass. They also reproduce and die quickly, so there is less biomass at any given time compared to consumers. The energy pyramid is always upright because energy is constantly lost as heat when it travels from one trophic level to the next. This heat escapes into the atmosphere and is never returned to the sun.Aquatic biomass is a reversal of terrestrial biomass, can increase at higher trophic levels. In the ocean, biomass pyramid is an inverted. In particular, the biomass of consumers is larger than the biomass of primary producers. A biomass pyramid is the representation of total living biomass or organic matter present at different trophic levels in an ecosystem. Biomass is calculated as the mass of living organisms present at each trophic level in a given sample size. Pyramid of biomass shows the amount of biomass at each trophic level in an ecosystem while pyramid of energy shows the flow of energy from one trophic level to the next in an ecosystem. This is the key difference between pyramid of biomass and pyramid of energy. Energy pyramids are used to show how much energy is available in each of the different trophic levels. Because the amount of energy is proportional to the amount of matter in an ecosystem, these pyramids can also show how much matter or biomass is available in each trophic level. A pyramid of biomass is a graphical portrayal of biomass present in a unit of the territory of different trophic levels. In addition, it displays the linking among biomass and trophic level estimating the biomass available in each trophic degree of an energy network at a given time.

@all In an aquatic ecosystem, plants require specific abiotic factors to survive. These factors include:

Regarding the abiotic and biotic factors in an environment, it's important to note that both play interconnected roles. Abiotic factors, as mentioned above, are the non-living components of an ecosystem, while biotic factors are the living organisms and their interactions within the ecosystem. Examples of biotic factors include:

Understanding the interactions between abiotic and biotic factors is crucial for comprehending the dynamics and functioning of ecosystems and how organisms, including plants, adapt and survive in different environmental conditions.

Climatic factors affect the biotic and abiotic elements that influence the numbers and distribution of fish species. Among the abiotic factors are water temperature, salinity, nutrients, sea level, current conditions, and amount of sea ice all of which are likely to be affected by climate change.Abiotic factors are non-living components of the environment. Biotic factors are living components of the environment. Water and dissolved oxygen which enables the fish to breathe are the abiotic factors that enable the fish to survive in the pond. Small fish and worms in the pond are biotic components. In a typical waste stabilization pond ecosystem, the principal abiotic components are oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, and nutrients, whereas the biotic components include bacteria, protozoa, and a variety of other organisms. Biotic factors include plants, animals, and microbes; important abiotic factors include the amount of sunlight in the ecosystem, the amount of oxygen and nutrients dissolved in the water, proximity to land, depth, and temperature. Sunlight is one of the most important abiotic factors for marine ecosystems. Abiotic factors are the non-living parts of the environment that have a major influence on living organisms. They can help determine things like how tall trees grow, where animals and plants are found, and why birds migrate. The most important abiotic factors include water, sunlight, oxygen, soil and temperature.

I agree with Declan J Mccabe that biomass pyramids for some aquatic ecosystems are inverted because a small biomass of plankton with a high rate of reproduction and turnover can support a larger biomass of organisms with low rates of turnover at higher trophic levels. In a pond, as the producers (phytoplanktons) are small organisms, their biomass is least, and this value gradually shows an increase towards the apex of the pyramid, thus making the pyramid inverted in shape. Large fish consume small fish. The biomass increases as we progress towards a higher trophic level. Thus pyramid of biomass is inverted in the aquatic ecosystem. Pyramid of energy is always upright. As energy flows from one trophic level to the next trophic level some amount of energy is lost in each trophic level in the form of heat. Therefore, the pyramid of energy is always upright and can never be inverted. The biomass of phytoplankton is less as compared with that of the small herbivorous fish that feed on these producers. The biomass of large carnivorous fish that depends on small fishes is still greater. Therefore, the pyramid of biomass is inverted in pond ecosystem. In a pond or lake habitat, the biomass pyramid is inverted. The biomass of phytoplankton is lower than that of the small herbivorous fish that consume these producers. Large carnivorous fish that feed on small fish have higher biomass than small carnivorous fish. The pyramid of biomass in the aquatic ecosystem is inverted. Producers are present in less numbers in the aquatic ecosystem compared to consumers. In terrestrial ecosystems, energy and biomass pyramids are similar because biomass is closely associated with energy production. In aquatic ecosystems, the biomass pyramid may be inverted. The primary producers are phytoplankton with short life spans and high turnover.

Dr Arne Andersen thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Ecosystem health is a metaphor used to describe the condition of an ecosystem. Ecosystem condition can vary as a result of fire, flooding, drought, extinctions, invasive species, climate change, mining, fishing, farming or logging, chemical spills, and a host of other reasons.They include indicators of habitat, species and resources, such as water and carbon. Function indicators tell us the extent to which ecosystems retain their natural function and so have the capacity to deliver a range of benefits. Bio-assessment is a particularly effective assessment tool, as it provides physical, chemical and biological measurements necessary to determine the health of an ecosystem. These measurements can incorporate a wide variety of species, from fish to algae to phytoplankton and other microscopic organisms and restore freshwater resources, improve water filtration of soils, and reduce runoff pollution from agricultural chemicals and sediment; increase biodiversity of plants, wildlife, pollinator species, and soil microbiology; preserve diverse and sustainable agricultural practices that promote biodiversity.A healthy ecosystem is one that is intact in its physical, chemical, and biological components and their interrelationships, such that it is resilient to withstand change and stressors. Key to the concept of ecosystem management is sustainability of resources and species population viability; and the importance of spatiotemporal connectivity, among the levels of the ecological hierarchy, across large landscapes.

Metallic nano powders have various applications in the production of porous coatings and gas fixed materials, as well as in gas sensors (e.g., CO, CO2, CH4) and aromatic hydrocarbon sensors. Nanostructured metal oxide thin films provide improved sensitivity and selectivity. Higher organisms can directly ingest nanoparticles, and within the food web, both aquatic and terrestrial organisms can accumulate nanoparticles. The dissolution of nanoparticles may release potentially toxic components into the environment. Nanoparticles of hybrid metallic Cu, Ag and Fe are used for antibacterial activity and de-contamination of toxic metal ions in the water system. In addition, water treatment of effluents from textile and tanning industries was leveraged on such nanoparticles or other multifunctional nanoparticles. The advanced development of DNA nanotechnology then breeds various novel DNA nanomaterials that are applied widely, including tissue engineering, immune engineering, drug delivering, disease diagnosis, and as tools for molecular biology or as biosensors.

Because the Dead Sea is a closed area in which there are no outlets, as it is fed only by the Jordan River, so the water evaporates in the closed ocean more than it evaporates in the open ocean, in addition to the hot climate there so This causes the water to evaporate, leaving behind the salts

Hi

Aquatic flora are to be collected and species wise biomass to be recorded and finally CHN analyser to be used

You can consult this forest Report under the green India Mission

Dear Yadi,

could you be more precise on what exactly you mean by "reverse"? I am not quite sure whether you are looking for new techniques (such as remote sensing) to MEASURE greenhouse gases in aquatic ecosystems or whether you are looking for new ways to REDUCE/MITIGATE emissions from aquatic ecosystems (or potentially even ways to enhance their storage capacity as carbon sinks).

Thanks & best wishes to Beijing,

Julius

I think mike she will be best suited for integrated hydro metrological and water quality modelling purpose

You raised a very important question.

will it be like "RAIN WATER HARVESTING". We have done it in the saline belt of Sundarbans

Aridity index =

No. Of rainy days x mean precipitation/day

---------------------------------_--------------------

Temp.+10

I looked up the technical fact sheet and although there was no specific mention about amphibians apparently it is toxic for fish and aquatic invertebrates and the EPA requires it not to be applied to water or to contaminate water sources with it. I think this supports your hunch.

http://npic.orst.edu/factsheets/archive/psfatech.pdf

"Scientists concluded that potassium salts of fatty acids are slightly toxic to cold-water and warm-water fish (1)."

"Potassium salts of fatty acids are highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates."

"The EPA requires all product labels containing this active ingredient to state that the product is not to be applied directly to water and the user is not to contaminate water by cleaning equipment or disposing of wash water that contains potassium salts of fatty acids (1, 11)."

Discussion about biodiversity is specifically important especially under the uprising pressure of climate change nowadays, which is profoundly becoming to be shown as natural disturbance in some specific areas.

This is a question that everyone is struggling with, and there are no definitive answers. I think it's likely that some technological methodologies will continue to develop that enable us to do some removal in future. More degradable polymers will be developed and move through into products, causing similar problems but for much less time. There appear to be several interesting microbiological avenues that offer digestion of troublesome plastics too. There is also a role for effective capture of waste plastics, so that inadvertent loss to the environment is really infrequent.

Ultimately though, the most powerful tools are changing consumer expectations and behaviors so that fewer macroplastics and microplastics are produced, discarded and reach the environment. On top of that perhaps is considering a more realistic financial value being placed on plastics, reflecting their life cycle impacts and environmental issues and not just the production cost.

Dear Gregor,

Sorry, it looks dissimilar with any Nostoc and Utricularia.

This net of folds and bubbles is formed from neuston film floating at the water surface and completely covering this puddle. Several groups of algae can be responsible for this pattern of this color, e.g. some Xanthophyceae, Chlorophyceae and even Euglenozoa. The color of this film is not so suitable for cyanobacteria, but it need to be checked with microscopy.

Anyway, this habit of water body indicates its highly eutrophic status and high content of biogens and probably labile organic matter.

The miscroscopy of this film is essential for further ID.

Best regards,

Roman

It can be the chlamydomonas sp.

The biggest threats posed by pesticides is bio-accumulation and bio-magnification in the system as well as the aquatic organisms. This not only causes heavy biodiversity losses but have an adverse effect on the endocrine system of the aquatic organisms especially fish. Being potential endocrine disruptors pesticide cause delay gondal maturity which in-turn have a great effect on the breeding and recruitment pattern. Pesticides concentrations above permissible level can cause oxidative damage to fish tissues, histopathological alterations and mutagenic changes. There is a long list. If you are still more interested i can forward you my research on pesticides.

Thankyou

Dear Md. Masud Parvez ,

Although, it depend on your objectives, otherwise your expectations from using different AgNP concentrations to asses the toxicity of such Nanoparticles to ciliates. However, you have to bring in mind that increasing the concentration in aquatic system would forcefully increase agglomeration rates either auto-agglomeration or hetero-agglomeration, that means yo will increase the potential formation of bio-eco-corona, which forcefully will lead to an increase in the dynamic size of your particles, thus decreasing the bio-availability, in case that you aim to use natural entry into organisms.

Otherwise, it might be possible that you want to know which is the most suitable moment to add your AgNPs to the exposure media, that means that you have other considerations to take into account dependently on the type of exposure (in vivo as exemple...etc).

Furthermore, its important to highlight, that in general when there is no previous studies have been done using the model-organism, nor the pollutant that you aim to use, you may use to determinate the LC50, which also presents some controversies among nanotoxicity community, because the matter of the bio-availability, which may be reduced once the concentration (i.e. mass concentration) have been increased.

I hope that this helps you, otherwise please do not hesitate to ask for any further information that you feel may helps you.

Best wishes,

Younes,

Fish kill, oxygen depletion, little sunlight which reduces the activities of phytoplantons thereby affecting the entire ecosystem.

When NO2 and NOx interact with water, oxygen and some other chemicals in atmosphere and form acid rain. ultimately acid rain harms ecosystems e.g. lakes and forests.

Dear Kudzai:

The coupling between urban development and pollution in aquatic ecosystems is quite interesting. Many factors of both affect each other. You could analyse demographic dynamics and migration and its impacts on fresh water ecosystems pollution.

Additionally, since 2009, Rockström, J. et al. from Stockholm Resilience Centre have been developing a novel approach known as Planetary Boundaries (PB). Global freshwater use, and change in land use are two of this PB, that could give another perspective on your research, and maybe you find a gap here.

Plus this could illuminate your research:

Parasites have been used as bioindicators for habitat types or areas, for years and for species hots using the indicator value methods , I have attached this files

Photosynthesis is an important driver here. The plants (algae and macrophytes) take up the carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, which peaks in the afternoon (sunlight + temperature). In more eutrophic systems, the plants take up more carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide reaeration from the atmosphere eventually replaces the lost CO2 after photosynthesis stops. The carbon dioxide dissociates into carbonic acid, dropping the pH. If you're inside, then you don't have so much photosynthesis, so the temperature-pH effect can have an over-riding effect.

Thanks for your replied regarding pH range of surface water. It is better that I will write an article on surface water pH range. I have been teaching Environmental Chemistry since 2000 in Department of Environmental Sciences but I realized the importance of carbon dioxides on pH dependency in 2011. So, It is needed to rethink regarding pH range of surface water Locally, regionally and Internationally.

It's an old topic, but, Are you sure to give available data (Geographic coordinates) for this undangered species?

Regards

Please also see the following RG links.

I studied the fluxes between sediment and water in heavy metal in very polluted river sediments. Redox conditions and dissolved organic matter have a very important role

The species composition of the plankton community is very variable in the same place throughout the year. Therefore, based on the species composition it is difficult or impossible to draw a correct conclusion about the stability of the ecosystem. Moreover, the variability of species composition of individual communities is aimed at ensuring the functional stability of the ecosystem. The functional stability of the ecosystem is determined by the ratio of the processes of creation and destruction of living matter, primary photosynthetic production and destruction of organic matter, the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Hello Dr. Anila P Ajayan ,

The following links may be of help to you:

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.692.1400&rep=rep1&type=pdf

http://www.ipcbee.com/vol41/028-ICEBB2012-R018.pdf

I sincerely hope these links provide you with the informations you seek.

With regards,

Dr. Abhishek Mukherjee

Hi Nathan, we have high DOC and highly colored waters here in Maine. DOC is both an acid and contributes to alkalinity. We tend to have alkalinity even below pH 5 where the carbonate system is exhausted. DOC makes are streams and lakes more acidic for a given alkalinity, but DOC also supplies acid neutralizing capacity when pH is below 5. DOC is negatively charged and attracts and binds cations. This make heavy metals and Aluminum less toxic. Because lakes are solar collectors and because DOC is digested by UV light, there is a lot of clearing of water color in lakes. Maine streams are often tea or even coffee colored while lakes can be crystal clear. This digestion process releases Al, Fe and phosporus, generates alkalinity (or was it acidity? any chemists out there?), and precipitates TP as aluminum and iron compounds. Ferrous iron binds P, but will release it during reducing conditions (such as low oxygen conditions in the winter). Aluminum does not do that and is a permanent loss of TP in the bottom of the lake. Fish and macroinvertebrates benefit from DOC when soils are acidic and Al is mobilized. Ionic Al is bound by the DOC and particulate (POC) forms. Episodic pH drops can release Al and put in back into the toxic form and can lead to fish kills. Macroinvertebrates may also be killed and will drift downstream. So for the most part DOC is natural, important, and helpful for wildlife. Climate change probably increases the decomposition of organic matter in soils, leading to more DOC export from watersheds.

I follow

'Gap in knowledge' can be applicable to any field of study or scientific discipline. Basically it means there are several aspects of any particular subject, in your case being freshwater phytoplankton that have not yet been worked out, discovered and/or not well discussed that need detailed studies or further evaluations. 'Limitations in study' stand completely different as they are the influences which a researcher cannot control and can include any shortcomings that restrict his/her work methodology and to a certain extent the conclusions too.

Hi Mophin,

I agree with you in the need to focusing on restore aquatic ecosystems, and recover the many ecosystem services we have from them as well as the aquatic biodiversity (actually threatened) who used to live there.

There are some experiences indicating that water quality parameters are recovering faster than ecological communities. I think we need an integrative approach, with biophysical and social values together. Water and then aquatic ecosystems are meaningful for society.

Best,

All laws/ doctrines were developed by the powerful to satisfy their own greed. UN discredited itself with the 1992 Dublin Statement, declaring water as a commodity. EU water directive follows the same lines. USA has 'John Wayne' law or 'cowboy economics' as Vandana Shiva put it. The 2008 constitution of Ecuador recognized the right of nature and the ecosystems to exist and flourish, just like any living being. It gave water the status of a patrimony, which needs to be preserved for posterity, and that its provision should not be a marketable service. The Bolivian government also passed laws in 2010 and 2012 treating ‘mother earth’ as a subject of public interest. That's the spirit, "that water is the mother of all of us who nurtures us and that it is time we start nurturing her", that should be the basis of any conversation on sharing and caring of any river. NOBODY OWNS WATER, WE ALL ARE USERS. The discussions should involve all users and develop CONSENSUS on how to care for mother-water. I invite you to browse some write-ups in our project on 'water nurturing':

Presence of Chlorides boost COD value. For this purpose Mercuric sulfate is used to avoid Chlorides interference. Some researches have suggested pre-treatment with silver nitrate in a controlled manner.

Presence of NO2 ions also add to COD values. But NO3 ion has got no such interference.

If SO4 ion is working as catalyst, we have to Search out sulfate salt.

If Ag ion is working as catalyst, we can search out alternative of silver.

If both ions (Ag and SO4) are working as catalyst, we may have no alternative, or we may have other metallic salt as alternative, or a combination of two different salts in different composition.

Anyhow, I am also searching the answer. When I can access any such research, I will share here.

I am sure, some one may have studied this.

Dear, have look at very interesting attached PDF.

Dear Anila

Unfortunately, Sustainable development have a great dimension of anthropogenic vision. We need to assess aquatic ecosystems to conserve them in their most original form. If we protect aquatic life, we will have a healthy aquatic ecosystem, only then, the resource will be available for this and the following generations.

Best regards.

Perhaps the following papers may be helpful:

CiteScore metrics are calculated from Scopus indexed sources.

In comparison, the Impact Factor is generated from the Journal Citation Reports [JCR], and not from the Web of Science.

This paper could be useful

First Image Rhopilema sp, second and third are Cyanea sp.

Parallel use of species diversity indices in ecological studies is a general practice, and a typical case is the parallel application of the

Shannon–Wiener and Simpson index. However, while the Shannon–Wiener index is strongly influenced by species richness and by

rare species, the Simpson index gives more weight to evenness and common species. The effect of the sample size is generally

negligible for both of them.

The use of both diversity indices improves the output information of the dataset, which is unique for each community or sample

analyzed. Looking at the wider content—both emphasizing the richness, and the specimen distribution into the individual

species—adds to the more complex information of the diversity in ecosystems.

In this sense, H has an advantage over D because it depends more on species richness and less abundant species, so it is very

sensitive to even small diversity changes, and thus is widely used to assess the actual state of environment. On the other hand, D has

the advantage over H in counting more on dominant species and is not affected by less abundant elements; therefore, it is used to

show the trend of ecosystem diversity heading.

Similar documentation was done by our team at Aadbandhar in Maharashtra a couple of years ago.

Saw this article a couple of years ago, may be of interest to your question?

Jaffe, A. B., Newell, R. G., & Stavins, R. N. (2002). Environmental policy and technological change. Environmental and resource economics, 22(1), 41-70.

Also this one,

Ambec, S., Cohen, M. A., Elgie, S., & Lanoie, P. (2013). The Porter hypothesis at 20: can environmental regulation enhance innovation and competitiveness?. Review of environmental economics and policy, 7(1), 2-22.

Perhaps you have already seen these, but they might be good leads to support your ideas. Hope this helps!

Comprehensive volume describes how ecosystem services-based approaches can assist in addressing major global and regional water challenges, such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and water security in the developing world, by integrating scientific knowledge from different disciplines, such as hydrological modelling and environmental economics. As well as consolidating current thinking, the book also takes a more innovative approach to these challenges, involving disciplines such as psychology and international law. Empirical assessments at the national, catchment, and regional levels are used to critically appraise this systemic approach, and the merits and potential limitations are presented. The practicalities of this approach with regard to water resources management, nature conservation, and sustainable business practices are discussed, and the role of society in underpinning the concept of ecosystem services is explored. Presenting new insights and perspectives on how to shape future strategies, this contributory volume is a valuable reference for researchers, academics, students, and policy makers, in environmental studies, hydrology, water resource management, ecology, environmental law, policy and economics, and conservation biology.

Enclosed below are some interesting PDFs for further reading...

I agree, but this brings us back to the conclusion that we need to consider the carrying capacity of the Earth for human beings, and adjust our numbers and methods of handling the coming problems responsibly. When other biota became too prolific and exceed the carrying capacity for them, they suffered a population collapse caused by famine . Sometimes pestlilence , war or suicide were involved, but there are numerous examples in the geological literature of where a once numerous species suffered a population collapse, usually ending in extinction. Humans have survived enormous climatic changes in the past by being adaptable, but currently, the young people appear to expect technology to make life comfortable and overcome any problems. Imagine the changes needed to handle the commencement of a major glaciation. The question is whether future populations will be able to adapt to the numerous new upcoming problems as well as to adjust to the spectacular changes that climate change can produce. Humans need to work together more to solve the upcoming problems or there will be a major catastrophe ahead for at least many of this species.

Stuart.

Cowardin et al classification attached as one method to stratify units for sampling. I do not expect you would find a cook book approach, but reading about studies that have answered some of the questions about water quality and aquatic habitat, and consultation with the various types of aquatic specialists may be helpful to you as your proceed. Sometimes one might do a preliminary study before preceding. Often times, in lentic systems, measuring streamflow is very helpful to separate processes that occur during storms, baseflow, first storms after autumn leaf fall, variability of upstream land use activity, etc.

Dear Dr. Fikrat,

I agree with Dr. Marcos Nobre

Best regards,

Anila,

Thanks for your response. Unfortunately no one else has responded, so no expert answers. Maybe if I ask a slightly different question, or rephrase this one, I'll get more response and some answers. But I'm not sure what to ask yet.

Richard

Hello Tor:

In this paper you can find the BMWP/Col taxa score table for Colombian rivers in the Andean region, from Zuñiga and Cardona which is the same score table proposed by Gabriel Roldan (2003).

Good luck

Regards,

Luis Miguel

Dear Dr Rao Sir,

Please have a look at this useful link and PDF attachments.

Good luck

Working on presence/abundance of Najas flexilis as we speak.

Thank you for information, Dmitry

 http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/science/rp-pr/parr-prra/index-eng.html

Thank you very much!

Hugh Jones identified it as M.adventor

There is a significant relationship between ectoenzymatic activities (Esterase activity, Aminopeptidase activity & Alkaline Phosphatase activity) of heterotrophic bacteria and the trophic state index of the lakes.   Esterase activity (EsA) can be assayed fluorometrically as an increase of fluorescein concentration in water

samples incubated with fluorescein-diacetate (FDA).Aminopeptidase activity (AMP) is measured fluorometrically as rates of 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) released in the course of L-leucine--4-methyl-cumarinylamid hydrochloride (Leu-MCA) hydrolysis by the aminopeptidase present in water samples. Alkaline phosphatase (APA) activity can be determined as the rates of increase in fluorescence of methylumbelliferone (MUF) (365 nm excitation and 460 nm emission) resulting from enzymatic hydrolysis of non-fluorescent substrate methylumbelliferyl-phosphate (MUFP). The following references may be consulted for the purpose.

Hoppe (1983). Significance of exoenzymatic activities in the ecology of brackish water: measurements by means of methylumbelliferyl- substrates. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 11, 299.

Chrost et al. (1999). Fluorescein-diacetate (FDA) assay for determining microbial esterase activity in lake water. Arch. Hydrobio. Spec. Issues Adwanc. Limnol. 54, 167.

Thanks Nikolay

Also have some more ideas..here.

Thanks Tomas, I'm sure the articles will help!

Dear Prof. Beauchamp & friends,

You have talked about bioremediation for cleaning up toxicants by different methods like biofiltration, biosparging, biostimulation, bioventing, composting, etc and dif methods of phytoremediation. Can you provide concrete information and research papers reflecting bioturbation induced enhanced microbial remediation.   But the focus of  my query has been bioturbation of soil and sediment. definitely different bioturbative mechanism like, burrowing, resuspension, bioirrigation/respiratory irrigation, filter feeding, benthic/bottom grazing, secretions, etc  exert considerable influence in altering the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of soil or sediment habitat. Such bioturbation mechanisms had been dealt in my paper "Bioturbation potential of chironomid larvae for sediment-water ................"  published in Ecological Engineering (Elsevier) 35(2008):1444-1453. These mechansims might have significant impact on bioremediatin of toxicants mediated by microorganisms or by some other means and mechanisms. I am looking forward to some insightful intellectual and scientific exchange of ideas and relevant papers.

Homogeneity in data sets can be checked using graphical as well as statistical approaches. The most