Science topics: LinguisticsApplied Linguistics
Science topic
Applied Linguistics - Science topic
Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field of study that identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems.
Questions related to Applied Linguistics
Dear Colleagues,
As a lead researcher, I am applying for a grant to the national science center. I am looking for junior researchers (without a PhD) in the fields of linguistics (applied linguistics, and psycholinguistics), political communication and cognitive science. This will be a 3-year, interdisciplinary project carried out by a renowned Polish university. I am looking for doctoral students from the United States, as this will be a comparative study in the field of political communication in Poland and the US.
Is anyone interested in participating?
Can anyone suggest me where I can get contacts?
I would appreciate your help & kind contribution!
First time, I wrote & quoted ISUN as an acronym word in my scientific & philosophical article related to trinity, which you may find below. In English I rather use ISUN instead of God !
I am looking to complete a research paper on how Academic English Skills instruction modifies the language used in their writing especially their essays by international students in an academic English language course in a British university. To validate my findings and to understand the theory behind them, I need to study previous research in this area. So far I have not found much research in the UK and in English usage by international students. Any suggestions will be helpful
While it is common practice in the health field to use validated descriptors available in thesauri or glossaries, in other fields it is apparent that researchers use the terms they feel are most appropriate. By ignoring accepted terminology, their work may fall off the radar of database searches. An example of this is the choice of keywords that are not associated with validated descriptors. As a direct consequence, literature reviews in some areas, particularly in the social sciences, may produce results with increasing levels of error. I believe that this issue should be the subject of further reflection and debate.
I should write an experimental design dissertation based on ADHD and have at least 250 participants. Do you have any recommendations? How can I run a mixed-method design in this genre?
Hello, I am currently working on a research in teaching English as a Foreign Language. It focuses on the effect of deductive and inductive approach in enhancing pragmatic competence, namely using polite requests in English. I would like to use pre-test and post-test design. However, I struggle with finding sources to figure out how long there should be between conducting a pre-test and a post-test when the content of the intervention is "just" polite requesting.
Thank you for any answers and have a nice day!
Hello everyone,
'Just wondering if folks here have also encountered a similar experience (unpleasant one) in dealing with the long overdue review (mis)handled by the editorial team in the International Journal of Applied Linguistics (INJAL).
We initially submitted our paper back in September 2021 and it took almost 6 months to get the reviews back. After we managed to submit our revised paper in April 2022, it's been in limbo over 9 months (sadly). During the long waiting process, we have also contacted the Editorial office on several occasions. While the assistant did reply a couple of times with a standard reply ('Your paper is still under review process'), the status in the author submission system says otherwise ('awaiting referee selection).
Note that Editor never responded to any single email of ours inquiring about the status. Due to the long delay, what appeared to be a timely study at that time is now dated, unfortunately. They seem to have gone through some kind of 'editorial transition' but we find the Editor's unresponsiveness (un)intentionally truly appalling.
'Really hope folks here don't have to go through such an abysmal process like us when dealing with INJAL. We're all researchers who spend our valuable time advancing knowledge and contributing to the research community. We don't mind being rejected by a journal; however, we don't appreciate being treated with disrespect and unprofessionalism as it's not the way to build an inclusive and respectful research community.
Cheers
Dear Colleagues,
Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amol, Mazandaran, Iran English language department are planing to establish Applied Linguistics journal. We need two professors' ,as Editorial Board,cover letter and CV to get an official permission from the Ministry of Education. If you are interested, email me your document, please.
Mojtaba Khatami
Hello,
In my research, I have a questionnaire that has 5 scales (20 items), I adopted it from previous studies. The five scales are mixed not listed in order. Now, after my qualitative investigation, I would like to add more scales to figure out relationships. My question is, how can I add those scales to the already existing survey I have?
Is there a particular way of distributing the scales? for example, I have a scale about grit 6 items/ 6 items, shall I just add it to the bottom of the previous questionnaire? Shall I distribute the 12 items among the questionnaire items? How can I do this? is there any guide or resource that helps me to know how to incorporate scales into a survey? on what basis?
Thank you
How many languages are written in Arabic characters ?
like persian, urdu, kurdish, sindhi, pashto, ...
What will be impact of technology in popularity of Western Music Notation for musicology and music composition? Since invention of phonograph transcribing songs and music for the purpose of preservation became useless because simply we can record it to avoid a song to be forgotten. Today development of technology provide a huge possibility of analyzing a piece of music. Most of young composers benefit from a great verity of sound processors and music software in their music compositions. Does it mean that western music notation is going to be less required in future of musicology and composition?

Could you kindly share some free open access scopus indexed journals Q3 and Q4 , please?
Research areas: Applied linguistics, psychology, and language issues
Hi everyone! I'm writing for my masters dissertation in Education and I got a question about the findings from cross-case analysis. Must each section (I have 3 sections there) correspond to each research question (I have 3 RQs)? Currently, all the sections I wrote only answer RQ2 & 3 (Section 1 > RQ2; Section 2 > RQ2&3; Section 3 > RQ3) as these are the more crucial RQs. Is this good practice? Thank you!
Dear fellow researchers,
Do you know of any linguistics or applied linguistics journals that accept research letters, short reports, technical notes or similar, in addition to the standard research article? I know these types of article are used in STEM but I am not sure if they are at all widespread in linguistics or applied linguistics. I would be most grateful to anyone who could tell me which journals in the stated field accept these formats and how much prestige they (the formats) currently enjoy.
Thank you,
Chris Turner
I'm going to work on my PhD dissertation. I'm going to work on ADHD and OCPD and their impact on learning English. I would prefer to work on adults learners particularly Iranian EFL Learners. my professor asked me to relate this topic to class management (to make it more practical). I would appreciate if you could give me any comments /advice.
Should one analyze only one field's abstracts or combine more than one? If combining/comparing is better, which is the most appropriate field to compare with Linguistics/Applied Linguistics?
Hello All,
I have a theory paper on the teaching of pronunciation to EFL/ESL/L2 contexts. I have received positive feedback on the paper itself, but am having a hard time finding it a home because everyone prefers to publish empirical papers. Does anyone know of any relevant calls for theory (it's a critical socioecological frame) and/or best journals? Thoughts?
Case study in applied linguistics/ Language teaching
Dear all,
Can anyone point to a theoretical reference / article discussing course notes (what students write down) as data in applied linguistics research?
Could you tell me, please if shaping reflective culture(value-cogitative potential) of a student through analytical reading is a branch of applied linguistics.
Hello everyone,
I am adopting and adapting a survey which have 5 scales (commitment control, emotion control, ect) to measure self-regulation of language learning (a certain skill), the aim of the survey as I mentioned to measure the high and low self-regulation capacity among participants.
How can I use the questionnaire to generate more interesting findings? other than just the low and high self-regulation? can you inspire me with some creative ideas?
I was thinking to see gender differences among groups, and to add a part about socio-economic status.
Please inspire me with new ideas without having to make major changes to the survey. Let me know also the name of the tests required for the specific idea.
Thank you.
Proverbs are commonly used in communicating important and deep meanings, especially in Africa. Can we really describe as a theoretical category in communication?
I`m doing my masters on applied linguistics for spanish as a foreign language and the topic I chose for my research is about the use of humor in social media, specifically the use of imemes, as a way to bring students from different cultural background together in a multicultural class.
So I`m currently looking for some information about the origins of imemes
Hello,
What is the difference between pilot study/ phase? preliminary study/ feasibility study?
What they call the type of piloting that aims to test the instrument (e.g. survey, interview)? and what is the name of the type of piloting that is considered a smaller version of the main (PhD) thesis?
In the confirmation viva what type of piloting new PGRs usually use in their first year?
My major is Applied Linguistics.
To simplify -- different verbs require different number of nouns to be complete. Some of arguments may be implicit in the real usage of language. So, my question is there any database containing many verbs (around 1000 verbs) with their argument structure. Or alternatively, a list of papers where argument structure is analyzed for specific verbs.
Can anyone shed some lights on the extent to which he has shifted his position on problematising practices from postmodernist approach?
Holding a PhD in applied linguistics in countries like Belgium, where French and Dutch is a formal language, is not easy to guarantee a position in English linguistics. Looking for fellowship opportunities through universities' websites and others is very limited. I would like to know the best way to build research career if someone has the experience.
The first thing which comes to mind in online examinations is the possibility of cheating. Instructors often use different ways like setting up the exam to show only one question at the time and limiting the allotted time for each question. Changing the sequence of the questions might be a good solution too especially if students of the same class are planning to get help from each other. But these suggestions are strongly context-specific.
So, I really want you to share your valuable experience.
Thanks indeed.
The final qualification assessment for major programs is a strict regimen that involves different stages - oral and written exams, final project viva, internal and external review.
How are ICT tools used to translate real-life qualification assessment practices into the online qualification assessment process in a blended format? Especially due to COVID-19 quarantine measures?

I have a research and i should analyze the types of code-switching. however, i can't use Poplack's theory because my instructor said that it is too old. Any suggestions of new theories?
Prof. Emerita Sue Ellen Wright from Kent State University has posted on LinkedIn a message in which she reports the death of Prof. Juan Carlos Sager.
What a sad coincidence it is that I am currently lecturing a course on Terminology at the University of Antioquia in Colombia and some excerpts of his well-known "Practical Course in Terminology Processing" were part of the discussion of the last session.
I wish I could have had the opportunity to meet him in person.
It is my first time in doing thesis and I'm confused regarding topic selection. Please give me suggestions in sociolinguistic field.
What program is best for the computer-assisted phonetic comparison of dialects? We would like to compare several phonetically quite close dialects of a more or less well-documented language (with the respective protoforms available in case they're required for comparison). The aim of the comparison is to see how close the dialects are to each other and if maybe one stands out against the others, as well as to possibly get input for solving the questions of how the language and / or its speakers spread across the area where the dialects are currently spoken (within the possibilities, of course).
We attempt to make a research to explore prosodic features of verbal irony read by Chinese EFL learners. We want to figure out:
1. the prosodic features of verbal irony read by Chinese learners;
2. the difference of prosodic features in verbal irony read by Chinese learners and native speakers;
3. whether context (high and low) influence the reading of verbal irony.
One of the goals of the scientific platforms, including Research Gate, is to help researchers to update their knowledge regarding the recent developments in research in their area of study. We can help new researchers by suggesting titles or topics for research and in this way we can promote spreading knowledge and it would be another way for connecting researchers all over the world. Moreover, some researchers may co-author some topics as well as brainstorm ideas in their areas. I'll start with some topics that might be interesting for some researchers in the field of "translation" and I expect others to contribute. Thanks a lot in advance for your contribution. And I think you will get lots of thanks from such researchers.
1.Metonymy as a pragmatic style for politeness in religious texts with reference to translation.
2. Naturalness in translation: advantages and disadvantages.
I need to cross check several words that appear in subtitles of a movie with what is spoken out in a movie - a word in English or Hindi. A list of words in time order is provided. Is there anyone who would have a capacity to help?
If I’m looking at language variation, and expecting a gender difference between ‘style’ and ‘content’, and how does that interact with different meanings of a specific terms used by male or female? i.e. one would be more content-ful than the other?
I have been studying Zen in general and Koans in particular for a while. And it's applications in BUSINESS
The formulation of these Koans at first glance seems absurd and an austere waste of time, at least to me at first, but I suddenly started to see the logic behind it.
My troubles at the moment are;
1) How would I generate such Koans where my aim would be to seek answers that satisfy two divergent goals, tasks, concepts etc...
And second
2) if I somehow manage to generate such thing, how would I present it to my audience?
A statement, a question, a puzzle, a riddle anything else?....
The above is the object of my next publication and I it seems my brain is too small to handle it, therefore I am asking your help to generate some Koans for the business world
Many thanks in advance
I am trying to find some websites that list "call for book chapters" in applied linguistics or relevant areas (linguistics, language education, etc.). Can anyone give some suggestions? Thanks.
I am a sociolinguist/applied linguist whose part of research focuses on heritage language education. I would like to know details on GCSE/A levels in community languages (number of those who sit those exams, grades and pass rates, which languages, how many boards, chronological changes etc.). Where do I find data on GCSE/A levels in community languages?
Hi guys!
I have a question on a framing effect-like issue. Well, everyone of us has the immediate feeling that there's a huge difference between saying - for instance - "you should respect the environment" and "we should respect the environment", or also "the environment should be respected".
The difference might lie in how such sentences are interpreted by our minds and of course it affects the compliance to the described behavior (i.e., "respect the environment").
I'm convinced that I'm no genius and there must be a huge literature behind such an effect; but I'm not skilled in these themes, so I'm calling for help. Any clues?
P.S.: I know that nudge units and behavioral interventions teams in general promote the "make it personal" magic recipe to increase compliance, but I wonder where such strategies come from. I'm particularly interested in understanding the differences between "you should /we should", that is how grammatical phrasing (i.e., switching the person in the phrase) affects the interpretation and the relative compliance.
thanks in advance for any help
all the best,
Alessandro
If someone has PhD in TESOL from USA and he returned to iraq , can TESOL be equated with applied linguistics ?
Thank you in advance.
This is so far the procedure I was trying upon and then I couldn't fix it
As per my understanding here some definitions:
- lexical frequencies, that is, the frequencies with which correspondences occur in a dictionary or, as here, in a word list;
- lexical frequency is the frequency with which the correspondence occurs when you count all and only the correspondences in a dictionary.
- text frequencies, that is, the frequencies with which correspondences occur in a large corpus.
- text frequency is the frequency with which a correspondence occurs when you count all the correspondences in a large set of pieces of continuous prose ...;
You will see that lexical frequency produces much lower counts than text frequency because in lexical frequency each correspondence is counted only once per word in which it occurs, whereas text frequency counts each correspondence multiple times, depending on how often the words in which it appears to occur.
When referring to the frequency of occurrence, two different frequencies are used: type and token. Type frequency counts a word once.
So I understand that probably lexical frequencies deal with types counting the words once and text frequencies deal with tokens counting the words multiple times in a corpus, therefore for the last, we need to take into account the word frequency in which those phonemes and graphemes occur.
So far I managed phoneme frequencies as it follows
Phoneme frequencies:
Lexical frequency is: (single count of a phoneme per word/total number of counted phonemes in the word list)*100= Lexical Frequency % of a specific phoneme in the word list.
Text frequency is similar but then I fail when trying to add the frequencies of the words in the word list: (all counts of a phoneme per word/total number of counted phonemes in the word list)*100 vs (sum of the word frequencies of the targeted words that contain the phoneme/total sum of all the frequencies of all the words in the list)= Text Frequency % of a specific phoneme in the word list.
PLEASE HELP ME TO FIND A FORMULA ON HOW TO CALCULATE THE LEXICAL FREQUENCY AND THE TEXT FREQUENCY of phonemes and graphemes.
This is so far the procedure I was trying upon and then I couldn't fix it
As per my understanding:
- lexical frequencies, that is, the frequencies with which correspondences occur in a dictionary or, as here, in a word list;
- lexical frequency is the frequency with which the correspondence occurs when you count all and only the correspondences in a dictionary.
- text frequencies, that is, the frequencies with which correspondences occur in a large corpus.
- text frequency is the frequency with which a correspondence occurs when you count all the correspondences in a large set of pieces of continuous prose ...;
You will see that lexical frequency produces much lower counts than text frequency because in lexical frequency each correspondence is counted only once per word in which it occurs, whereas text frequency counts each correspondence multiple times, depending on how often the words in which it appears to occur.
When referring to the frequency of occurrence, two different frequencies are used: type and token. Type frequency counts a word once.
So I understand that probably lexical frequencies deal with types counting the words once and text frequencies deal with tokens counting the words multiple times in a corpus, therefore for the last, we need to take into account the word frequency in which those phonemes and graphemes occur.
So far I managed phoneme frequencies as it follows
Phoneme frequencies:
Lexical frequency is: (single count of a phoneme per word/total number of counted phonemes in the word list)*100= Lexical Frequency % of a specific phoneme in the word list.
Text frequency is similar but then I fail when trying to add the frequencies of the words in the word list: (all counts of a phoneme per word/total number of counted phonemes in the word list)*100 vs (sum of the word frequencies of the targeted words that contain the phoneme/total sum of all the frequencies of all the words in the list)= Text Frequency % of a specific phoneme in the word list.
PLEASE HELP ME TO FIND A FORMULA ON HOW TO CALCULATE THE LEXICAL FREQUENCY AND THE TEXT FREQUENCY of phonemes and graphemes.
actually I need semantic relations to agent nominals as well.
fx. I need the verb 'grave' (eng: (to) dig) which have semantic relations to 'jord' (eng: dirt) and 'skovl' (eng: showel) and of course alot of other obvious relations.
I need the verbs in order to test how organizational resources (knowledge, money, stuff which is all nominals) can be combined with verbs into tasks fx "grav i jorden med skovlen" (eng: dig into the dirt with the showel)
Is there such thing as false interpretation in Literature?
The public question is to all experts of linguists, applied linguists and sociolinguists. This helps to figure out the impact of society in language and the impact of language in society.
Many L2 vocabulary items tend to be easier to learn. Other items, however, tend to be more difficult. What factors do you think might make L2 vocabulary items easier or more difficult to learn? Thanks in advance for any thoughts you could share!
I am looking for research articles on photo-elicitation related to language education or linguistics.
I am looking for analysis of questions using semantic primes and NSM theory.
The Mercator Institute for Literacy and Language Education at the University of Cologne, Germany, is conducting a systematic review on the effectiveness of language integrated strategies (e.g. scaffolding, Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP)) in classrooms. In this review, it is intended to collate, critically appraise and synthesize existing research evidence according to pre-defined criteria.
To complement our electronic database search, we are looking for manuscripts/working papers/project reports/dissertations (except for BA-/MA-thesis) that have not (yet) been published or submitted for publication (and are not (yet) indexed in databases).
We are interested in (quasi-)experimental and observational studies using a control group design that (statistically) examine
- the effectiveness of concepts of instruction that integrate language support and subject teaching
- for children of primary or secondary school age.
If you have carried out this type of study or if first results of an ongoing study are available, we would like to kindly request the document. Submitted studies will be reviewed by the project team; studies that match the review inclusion criteria will be included in the final review synthesis (i.e. summarized and discussed). Publication of the results is planned for 2021.
Of course, your submissions will only be used within the scope of the review and will not be passed to third parties.
Please send documents by September 30th, 2019 to Leonie Twente at leonie.twente@mercator.uni-koeln.de. If you have any questions, please contact Till Woerfel at till.woerfel@mercator.uni-koeln.de. Alternatively you can use the comment field below.
Thank you for your support!
Kind regards,
Till Woerfel, Martha Höfler, Annika Witte, Anastasia Knaus, Rebekka Wanka and Leonie Twente
Further information about our systematic review can be found on our website: https://www.mercator-institut-sprachfoerderung.de/en/research-development/current-projects/systematic-narrative-review/
Dear Research Colleagues,
Are you familiar with studies on language acquisition in early simultaneous trilingual children that show whether there are any delays in their language development? I am familiar with several studies on early simultaneous bilinguals indicating that such speakers are not significantly delayed in language acquisition. I wonder if trilinguals differ from mono- and bilinguals in how fast they acquire their languages.
I will appreciate your feedback.
Thank you.
Pleasant regards,
Monika
We'll be doing language tests with bilingual children: forced choice tasks, sentence repetition & grammaticality judgment. We'll be measuring reaction times too. I don't have experience with programming. Which software do you recommend to set up the experiment, and why? Also, links to helpful resources to learn to use the software will be much appreciated.
Thank you!!
Raina
Based on personal experience, I need suggestions for an international journal to publish my paper. I need a journal that is responsive, has a good impact factor and has a print version.
Thank you.
Perception of TBLT is significant because perception changes the attitude and readiness to use something. But how to measue the perception of TBLT among high school English teacher.
Microsoft Word doesn't have the bibliography styles for linguistics journals like Corpora, SAGE and the De Gruyter Mouton journals, so I created my own.
- Free download URL: https://github.com/lx3h/LinguisticsJournals
- Please feel free to make requests, report bugs and leave comments.
Latest first-ever-in-the-world addition:
- APA 7th Edition (Alpha version for English MS Office)
- Language, Context and Text : The Social Semiotics Forum
- Corpora
- De Gruyter Mouton journals
- SAGE Harvard for SAGE journals
I am interested in knowing about approximate timing for publication decisions as I am currently writing a literature review piece.
Are there any relevant features that make some prepositional combinations relatively easier to learn than others?
Thank you in advance for your participation!
What factors do you think might contribute to making L2 collocations easier or more difficult to learn?
“Emoción en la interacción digital: de los recursos lingüísticos a los emojis, memes y stickers”
Pedido de contribuciones
Envío de las propuestas: hasta el 15 de julio de 2019
Notificación de contribuciones aceptadas: 31 de octubre de 2019
La Revista de Estudios del Discurso Digital (REDD) invita a investigadores que trabajen en lengua española a enviar manuscritos para su segundo número, cuyo tema central es “Emoción en la interacción digital: de los recursos lingüísticos a los emojis, memes y stickers”. El objetivo de este número especial es atender a diferentes recursos y estrategias que los usuarios emplean para canalizar la expresividad en las interacciones digitales (escritas y orales). Desde los primeros recursos textuales que se emplearon (abreviaciones, mayúsculas y minúsculas alternadas y otras estrategias de escritura creativa) a los diferentes recursos multimodales que las interfaces ofrecieron, los usuarios han desarrollado un repertorio de estrategias pragmáticas para canalizar sus intenciones comunicativas.
En este número se priorizarán los trabajos de alta calidad que describan y analicen algunas de las siguientes temáticas en relación a una o más plataformas (redes sociales, correo electrónico, etc.) y/o tipos textuales (textos breves, chats, post/comentarios, mensajería instantánea, etc.):
1. Evolución diacrónica de los recursos expresivos.
2. Usos y funciones de emojis, memes, stickers, videos, etc. en la interacción digital.
3. Recursos expresivos en la interacción digital oral (videos, videollamadas, audios).
Los artículos podrán ser tanto reflexiones teóricas como análisis empírico de un conjunto de datos. En el caso de que utilicen corpus, estos deberán ser recolectados bajo protocolos éticos que salvaguarden la identidad de los interlocutores. Por otro lado, y dado que el principal interés de REDD es la lengua española, se valorarán los artículos que atiendan a la riqueza y variación inter e intralingüística del español empleado en las interacciones digitales. Asimismo, se invita a todos los interesados publicar en la revista a enviar propuestas para el segundo número de contenido general. El plazo de recepción de aportaciones para REDD se encuentra abierto durante todo el año.
Indicaciones para enviar manuscritos
Los manuscritos deberán ser enviados por vía electrónica mediante el Portal de Revistas UVa (Universidad de Valladolid, España), en la siguiente dirección: https://revistas.uva.es/index.php/redd.
Los artículos tendrán una extensión máxima de 15.000 palabras (incluyendo tablas, gráficos, ilustraciones y bibliografía) y respetar las normas editoriales de la revista. Se deberá enviar maquetado en la plantilla de REDD. Todos los textos que cumplan estos requisitos serán revisados por pares ciegos. La decisión de publicación será comunicada a los autores en un plazo máximo de tres meses.
Para informaciones adicionales, enviar un correo electrónico a revista.discurso.digital@uva.es
Dear Colleagues and friends
Actually, I have done such a thing in applied linguistics, and I need to justify my research. More precisely, after interviewing some expert teachers, a questionnaire was developed and administered to a large number of teachers. My main concern is with the construct validity of the questionnaire. I haven't done much to exactly evaluate the construct validity of the questionnaire, but it was extracted from the interview. Now, is there any citation or reference to strengthen the logic of my research?
For instance, how should a language teacher teach different speech acts, implicit meaning, etc.
Our language is the origin and the building mean of formal languages of math and physics. Artificial intelligence mashines creates even their own language.
Are there research to create new languages to create new science or to simplify and make more understandable the current science? Or is it just my fantasy? Maybe if a man can see, say in ifrared range then he could invent new words? Maybe we should go in this direction?
How will one create new language describing our world and qualitatively different from the today one? Maybe we should study other creatures likes delphines?
- Which journals in applied linguistics have short turnaround times?
- How long was your longest wait from the first draft submission till the first substantial response from the editor / reviewers?
Fellow researchers,
I'm on a lookout for any research into the priming potential of morphemes. Say, -ism which can (potntially) activate semantic frames of medicalisation? Any hint at studies along these lines would be much appreciated!
It does not need to specifically talk about derivational morphemes, the example above is just to illustrate what I'm after.
Thanks again!
Łukasz
- Based on the model presented by Goh and Burns in "Teaching Speaking: A Holistic Approach" (Page 53), it seems that we have two sides of a bridge in terms of second language speaking competence. One of them is knowledge, and the other one is the skill. The "knowledge" phase puts the emphasis on teaching the components related to the knowledge of a language such as grammatical points, vocabulary, idioms, etc. Based on my interpretations of the first four chapters of the book, it seems that teaching the "knowledge" of a language is not going to result in competent second language learners in terms of their speaking competence. In fact, it seems that beginning the process of language teaching from the "knowledge" side is not going to reach to the other side of the bridge that is the skill.
- If we investigate the other side of the bridge, the skill has some key features. A skill is unconscious, automatic, etc. Based on the mentioned model, moving from the bottom of the triangle to the top (from the skill to knowledge) might have better results in the sense of speaking competence. In fact, adding the needed knowledge to the already-gained skill might let the learners have access to the knowledge in a blink of an eye for negotiation of meaning while the needed knowledge without the presence of the needed skill might not be accessible for the negotiation of meaning. Metaphorically speaking, having a glass prior to pouring water in, is more logical than having water with no glass.
- Having the mentioned points in mind, some language teachers limit the teaching a language to its knowledge. Now there are several questions to be asked:
- 1. How can teachers move from skill to knowledge in practice?
- 2. Do material designers consider such theoretical issues in designing coursebooks?
- 3. Is there any relationship between the Interface hypothesis and the mentioned issues?
Reference
- Goh, C. C., & Burns, A. (2012). Teaching speaking: A holistic approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Since Lakoff and Johnson's "Metaphors We Live By", Applied Linguists use Conceptual Metaphor Theory for different pedagogical purposes. While some researchers use a pure cognitive perspective in researching Metaphor, some others add Sociocutural perspective to the cognitive view. Therefore, the question is what are the weaknesses of the pure cognitive view that led to the emergence of Sociocutural perspective in Metaphor studies?
I have read studies in Applied Linguistics journals that have conducted numerous ANOVAs on the data, followed by a Bonferroni adjustment. A structural equation model would be appropriate if a latent variable was present (which may not always be the case), but why would a Path Analysis not be more appropriate?
Furthermore, this study (link below) has also got me thinking about multiplicity control within SEM itself. Why is this not common practice in education / Applied Linguistics literature?
Can anyone suggest me tools or a model to apply in doing a linguistic critical discourse analysis of newspapers?
Thank you very much indeed.
Dear Colleagues at RG,
As a college English instructor who has taught everything from literature to scientific writing, I was taught ways to read essays in order to grade them that were far from my own field.
Scientists often complain that in this time of increasing specialization they can no longer understand research reports from domains outside their own.
Do some colleagues have methods to share that allow use to understand essays or technical reports outside our own fields?
.Quranic schools are environments of Arabic grammar, which the learner learns.
المدارس القرآنية تعد بيئات للانغماس اللغوي في العربية، مما يساد المتعلم في تعلمها.
It is said that language and culture are inseparable and learning language is void without achieving an awareness of its culture. Language is the carrier of culture and without culture languageis of nonsense. On the other hand, many communities consider learning a foreign culture as a kind of cultural invasion and prefer to expose their children to foreign language but not to its culture… What do you think we as EFL teachers should do in our classes? And should our teaching of English be culture-free or culture oriented??
Good day! I need some topic suggestions for my Language and Linguistic Research class. Can you please help me with a researchable topic? I prefer applied, corpus, or sociolinguistics. Thank you!
I wonder if it is possible to combine applied linguistics and daily life issues in the classes for EFL learners. My goal is to make them interested in learning applied linguistics without following rigid order of classical applied linguistics textbooks.
Thanks.
Is there a social justice problem behind the dominance of English in scientific writing? ... (and I'm writing this in English! how is that for irony?) I'm curious to get your input/experiences and also some references.