Applied Biotechnology - Science topic

Cotton crop yields are largely affected by infestations of Anthonomus grandis , which is its main pest. Although Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) derived proteins can limit insect pest infestations, the diverse use of control methods becomes a viable alternative in order to prolong the use of technology in the field. One of the alternative methods to Bt...

Development of transgenic crops with stable gene inheritance and expression over generations is important for effective deployment at field level. In present study, T 1 plants of pigeonpea cultivars AL15 and AL201 were evaluated for the presence and expression of cry1Ab gene and protection against Maruca pod borer. Cry1Ab protein in transgene carry...

Petroleum hydrocarbons and their derivatives constitute the leading group of environmental pollutants worldwide. In the present global scenario, petroleum and natural gas production, exploration, petroleum refining, and other anthropogenic activities produce huge amounts of hazardous petroleum wastes that accumulate in the terrestrial and marine en...

Background Clinicopathological diagnosis and follow-up of oral lichen planus and leukoplakia are necessary due to its potential for malignant transformation and the need to differentiate it from other lichenoid diseases and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. This study aimed to classify and compare sociodemographic and clinicopathological feature...

According to literature, the apple cultivar SCS425 Luiza is a hybrid of Imperatriz ♀ and Cripps Pink ♂ ; however, molecular analysis of gametophytic self-incompatibility alleles showed the presence of an unexpected allele in SCS425 Luiza. This raised doubts about the fidelity of the pedigree. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the real genealogy...

Rising global greenhouse gas emissions and the impacts of resultant climate change necessitate development and deployment of carbon capture and conversion technologies. Amongst the myriad of bio-based conversion approaches under evaluation, a formate bio-economy has recently been proposed, wherein CO2-derived formate serves as a substrate for concu...

The commonly-used expression systems in Saccharomyces cerevisiae typically rely on either constitutive or galactose-regulated promoters. The lack of inducible systems in S. cerevisiae limits the precise temporal regulation of protein function and yeast metabolism. We herein repurposed the galactose-regulated system to make it respond to cyanamide....

1. Introdução Apesar da humanidade usufruir de produtos provenientes de processos biológicos, desde o início das civilizações, foi apenas na segunda metade do século XX que se começou a observar os bioprocessos de forma aprofundada, otimizando os conhecimentos científicos acerca de diversos acontecimentos até então incompreendidos. Estes estudos cu...

The first genome sequenced of a eukaryotic organism was for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as reported in 1996, but it was more than 10 years before any of the zygomycete fungi, which are the early-diverging terrestrial fungi currently placed in the phyla Mucoromycota and Zoopagomycota, were sequenced. The genome for Rhizopus delemar was completed in 20...

One of the most popular, cost‐effective crops that are consumed globally is the potato. Due to the expanding food crisis, there is an increase in the demand for potato‐based agro‐food items. At the same time, it is noted that this pathway of ecological pollution from large‐scale wastes is challenging to manage. The food sector generates a lot of wa...

The article showed that the internal land development projects, which include the organization of the territory, along with other measures, will give certain positive results in the rational organization of the use of dry land. Land planning projects developed based on land assessment data create an opportunity to optimize areas of arid lands and c...

Dolichos bean is grown in environments with short and long crop growth seasons. Development and deployment of cultivars with flowering time (FT) that matches prevailing crop growth season help maximize their productivity in the environments to which they are targeted. Dependable knowledge on genetic basis of FT enables the use of the most appropria...

Introduced pests (insects and pathogens) have rapidly increased the numbers of at-risk native forest tree species worldwide. Some keystone species have been functionally extirpated, resulting in severe commercial and ecological losses. When efforts to exclude or mitigate pests have failed, researchers have sometimes applied biotechnology tools to i...

Multi-omics datasets are becoming of key importance to drive discovery in fundamental research as much as generating knowledge for applied biotechnology. However, the construction of such large datasets is usually time-consuming and expensive. Automation might enable to overcome these issues by streamlining workflows from sample generation to data...

Se describe la biotecnología moderna y se define la biotecnología ambiental o "blanca" y la biotecnología industrial, y sus particulares aplicaciones en la recuperación biológica de metales pesados en relaves mineros, en la biorremediación de suelos y cuerpos de agua contaminados, en la producción de biocombustibles (bioetanol, biodiesel y biogas),...

La osteoporosis constituye un problema sanitario tanto por su morbilidad y mortalidad como por los costos aparejados. Los avances provenientes de la biotecnología bioquímico - farmacéu-tica buscan aportar mejoras significativas tanto en el diagnóstico como en el tratamiento. Objetivos: Recopilar y revisar la bibliografía científica sobre los hallaz...

Venoms are complex chemical arsenals that have evolved independently many times in the animal kingdom. Venoms have attracted the interest of researchers because they are an important innovation that has contributed greatly to the evolutionary success of many animals, and their medical relevance offers significant potential for drug discovery. Durin...

Genetic engineering or genetic modification is the applied biotechnology where the entire or some part of the DNA makeup of an organism has been changed in the laboratory using different techniques. The foremost recombinant DNA molecule was synthesized by Paul Berg in 1972, where he combined the DNA molecule from the monkey virus SV40 with the lamb...

Extremophilic microorganisms, which are resistant to extreme levels of temperature, salinity, pH, etc., have become popular tools for biotechnological applications. Due to their availability and cost-efficacy, enzymes from extremophiles are getting the attention of researchers and industries in the field of biocatalysis to catalyze diverse chemical...

Aerobic, anaerobic, and anammox bacteria in the form of granular sludge is an applied biotechnology for wastewater remediation. There is substantial motivation to further apply this technology towards resource and energy recovery. For example, some aerobic granular sludge treatment technologies (Nereda) are beginning to generate added resources suc...

We have developed an innovative system that exports diverse recombinant proteins in membrane bound vesicles from E. coli ¹ . These recombinant vesicles compartmentalise proteins within a micro-environment that enables production of otherwise challenging insoluble, toxic, or disulphide-bond containing proteins from bacteria. The release of vesicle-p...

BRS Rendeira and BRS Progresso are cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) cultivars with tolerance to post-harvest deterioration and high mean yields of fresh root (31.1 and 27.9 t ha-1) and starch (8.9 and 8.1 t ha-1) in annual production cycles. Both new varieties are recommended for the flour and starch industry. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnol...

Since the mid-1960s, methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii (previously described as Pichia pastoris) has received increasing scientific attention. The interest for the industrial production of proteins for different applications (e.g., feed, food additives, detergent, waste treatment processes, and textile) is a well-consolidated scientific top...

Fusariosis (Fusarium guttiforme) is the most destructive disease of the pineapple crop in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reaction to an isolate in pineapple genotypes selected for crownless fruit weight (CFW) and total soluble solids (TSS). A total of 1,125 genotypes ('BRS Imperial'×'Pérola') were evaluated. Selection for greates...

We describe an innovative system that exports diverse recombinant proteins in membrane-bound vesicles from E. coli. These recombinant vesicles compartmentalize proteins within a micro-environment that enables production of otherwise challenging insoluble, toxic, or disulfide-bond containing proteins from bacteria. The release of vesicle-packaged pr...

The productivity and health of bee colonies depend on the presence of the honey zone, collecting nectar and pollen throughout the beekeeping season. Honeybees cannot exist in the absence of honey plants. The nectar and pollen of flowers on the territory of Romania constitute a valuable natural resource that would be wasted in the absence of bees, a...

The contamination of agricultural products and aflatoxins synthesis can be controlled and reduced by the application of a biological control product based on atoxinogenic Aspergillus flavus strains. The purpose of this work was to select atoxinogenic Aspergillus flavus strains that can be used in the biological control of aflatoxins. Thirty-four (3...

At present just about 30% of the waste plastic collected is efficiently recycled, while the rest is incinerated, disposed in landfills, or can end up in compost and be released in the environment, inducing a very negative effect on safety and health of flora and fauna. Sustainable management of hardly recyclable plastic waste generated by light wei...

Introducción: Un nuevo brote de coronavirus surgió en 2019 en Wuhan, China, causando conmoción en el sistema sanitario de todo el mundo; el Comité Internacional de Taxonomía de Virus lo denominó SARS-CoV-2, agente causante de la enfermedad COVID-19. El espectro de gravedad de la enfermedad es muy amplio: la mayoría de los pacientes no presentan gra...

La biotecnología vegetal es una disciplina de reciente desarrollo que podría convertirse en una herramienta crucial para enfrentar los problemas mencionados. Los sistemas de cultivo, conservación y propagación masiva in vitro de vegetales pueden ser vitales para la conservación y uso racional de la Biodiversidad en el corto y mediano plazo. Además,...

Bacterial and fungal contamination of the semen collected in production environment largely depends on the sanitary conditions of its collection as well as on the bacteria carrier state in breeding bulls. Since antimicrobials contained in the diluent used during semen product cryopreservation do not allow an objective assessment of semen contaminat...

Currently, the development of so-called “green” and “blue” technologies is one of the key areas of technological development in the world, which enables ensuring the necessary level of economic growth without introducing additional environmental risks. The ability of algae to assimilate inorganic forms of chemical elements and convert them into org...

A inserção da biotecnologia aplicada na indústria de cosmetologia gerou grande impacto em diversos aspectos, proporcionando as empresas cosméticas descobrir, desenvolver e produzir componentes de formulações cosméticas e avaliando a atividade destes na pele, sendo uma ferramenta alternativa para desenvolvimento de ativos com ação renovadora das cél...

Artificial cells are developed to redesign novel biological functions in a programmable and tunable manner. Although it aims to reconstitute living cell features and address ‘origin of life' related questions, rapid development over the years has transformed artificial cells into an engineering tool with huge potential in applied biotechnology. Alt...

Rice is a major energy source and micronutrient for more than half of the world’s population, but it lacks enough zinc to meet human nutritional needs. In addition, climate change, especially rising carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, is reducing zinc levels in grains. Therefore, rice bio-enrichment has been identified as a major goal for incr...

Background Seed germination and seedling growth constitute the first stage of a plant's life cycle for crop establishment. Arthrocnemum Moq. is a halophyte of the subfamily Salicornioideae (Amaranthaceae), which could be recognized in the foreseeable future as an emerging candidate in applied biosaline agricultural programs, mainly due to the large...

The present study aims to analyze the behavior of scientific production on toxicology in cuban scientific journals. For this purpose, a bibliometric study was carried out using as methodology the analysis of production, visibility and collaboration indicators (period, journals, and institutions with the largest number of publications, most cited au...

The incorporation of various flours from seeds into wheat bread can improve its nutritional value. Pumpkin seeds flour can be a good alternative for nutritional enrichment of food products because of its high content of protein, oil, dietary fibers and minerals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of pumpkin seed flour (PSF),...

This research proposal brings together the expertise of the staff of Lillehei Heart Institute(LHI), University of Minnesota, USA, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology(IBAB), Bangalore, India, and Narayana Hrudayalaya (NH) a heart specialty hospital in Bangalore, India to address this very important health issue. We propose to devel...

The demand for effective, low-cost vaccines increases research in next-generation biomanufacturing platforms and the study of new vaccine delivery systems (e.g., mucosal vaccines). Applied biotechnology in antigen production guides research toward developing genetic modification techniques in different biological models to achieve the expression of...

El sistema de insulinoterapia ideal o más apropiado es aquel que logre o se aproxime a mantener la glucemia en los rangos fisiológicos normales. Alcanzar este objetivo es el desafío actual en la biotecnología aplicada a la diabetes mellitus (DM). Los desarrollos de insulinas análogas rápidas, sensores continuos de glucosa (continuous glucose monito...

The response of phytoplankton and its satellite bacteria to various concentrations (0.01%–10% v/v) of ethanol is studied. To elucidate the effect of ethanol, single-strains of phytoplankton (SSP) culture, pure strains of satellite bacteria isolated from nonaxenic SSP cultures, and Escherichia coli were screened. Results indicate that ethanol could...

Metagenomic screening is a widely applied biotechnological approach for screening of novel industrial enzymes. The traditional method of metagenomic screening is based on the functional analyses of heterologous expressed environmental genes in a suitable host. Such screenings require a lot of manpower, are time consuming and tedious. In addition, t...

Neuroplasticity is the brain’s ability to adapt to new stimuli, with the objective to overcome and learn how to deal with novel situations. In this chapter, it will be explained the new neurophysiological mechanism that entitles the processes of brains’ plasticity. The intriguing phenomena that surround cognitive mechanisms will be described on a m...

Micro-algae play important roles in primary production, nutrient cycling, and applied biotechnology. Mico-algae are phylogenetically, morphologically and physiologically diverse and often easy to grow in cultures. Growth is the key parameter of viability and crucial for survival in situ and efficiency in vitro . Therefore, growth is often used in e...

This study aimed to analyse the world scientific production on antifungals from plants indexed in the Scopus database (2000-2020), highlighting the Cuban scientific production on this topic as a case study. Scopus raw data based on “antifungal” and “plants” hits were cleaned using the OpenRefine tool to eliminate similar and duplicate results. Clea...

Multi-omics datasets are becoming of key importance to drive discovery in fundamental research as much as generating knowledge for applied biotechnology. However, the construction of such large datasets is usually time-consuming and expensive. Automation is needed to overcome these issues by streamlining workflows from sample generation to data ana...

Introducción: el virus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2), que produce una patolo-gía llamada COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), presenta cuadros diversos, desde los completamente asin-tomáticos hasta neumonías fatales. Debido, además, a su alta tasa de transmisión ha provocado una pande-mia de consecuencias históricas....

O Núcleo de Estudos Morfofisiológicos Avançados (NEMO) realizou nos dias 2 a 6 de maio de 2022 o III Colóquio Internacional de Pescado do Maranhão e I Curso de Ecotoxicologia, Biomonitoramento e Biotecnologia Aplicada à Qualidade Ambiental. Foram congregados 143 participantes inscritos. O evento foi apoiado pela Universidade Estadual da Região Toca...

La actividad bufalina ha ido en aumento en los últimos años, mostrando cada vez más productores enfocados al sistema de producción de esta especie en América Latina. El objetivo de esta revisión fue recopilar conocimientos existentes en la literatura sobre el manejo y las biotecnologías reproductivas disponibles para los machos y las hembras de la...

Distinctive properties of Janus monolayer have drawn much interest in biotechnology applications. For this purpose, it has explored theoretically all sensing possibilities of nucleobases molecules (DNA/RNA) by Janus MoOS monolayer on both oxygen and sulfur terminations by means of rigorous first–principles calculation. Indeed, differences in intera...

Organic acids produced by soil microorganisms can be useful to promote the release of potassium (K) from potassium mineral rocks (KR), but the complexity of low reactivity minerals limits K solubilization and their use as fertilizer. Here, we investigate the ways that different organic acids (gluconic, oxalic, and citric) can affect the solubilizat...

Plant genetic transformation is a crucial step for applying biotechnology such as genome editing to basic and applied plant science research. Its success primarily relies on the efficiency of gene delivery into plant cells and the ability to regenerate transgenic plants. In this study, we have examined the effect of several developmental regulators...

NDLH 2051-1 has a mean seed cotton yield potential of 1590 kg ha-1 and has been singled out for commercial cultivation in the south and central zones of India by the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal, India. This cultivar represents an essential contribution to sustainable cotton production in India. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechn...

We describe a novel system that exports diverse recombinant proteins in extracellular vesicles from E. coli . The vesicles not only compartmentalise toxic, insoluble and disulphide bond containing proteins in a soluble and functional form (e.g. DNaseI, nanobodies and IgG-fusions), but the continued release of the inducible vesicle packaged proteins...

Vietnam is a developing country with aiming for industrialization and modernization, however, agriculture still plays an important role in the economy to ensure food security and export. In order to promote Vietnam's agricultural development towards high quality and sustainable, the application of biotechnology is considered an important tool to he...

Introdução: Com o avanço tecnológico e a aplicação de tecnologias 4.0 em diversos setores mercadológicos, o setor agrícola foi consideravelmente impactado por esse avanço operacional, seja através de tecnologias que tornaram os instrumentos de manejo de culturas inteligentes, equipando-os com softwares assistivos, quanto através da própria biotecno...

La producción in vitro de embriones (PIVE) es una biotecnología aplicada a diferen-tes especies de mamíferos domésticos y silvestres, además del humano. La PIVE com-prende la maduración in vitro de ovocitos (MIV), fecundación in vitro de ovocitosmadurados (FIV) y el cultivo in vitro de ovocitos fertilizados (CIV). En los procesos de laMIV y CIV se...

Plants are a rich source of bioactive compounds, many of which have been exploited for cosmetic, nutritional, and medicinal purposes. Through the characterization of metabolic pathways, as well as the mechanisms responsible for the accumulation of secondary metabolites, researchers have been able to increase the production of bioactive compounds in...

Three species from the Eryngium L. genus—E. campestre, E. maritimum, and E. planum, plants with a rich chemical composition, were selected for phytochemical and biological studies. The applied biotechnological methods allowed to obtain the biomass of these rare or protected species in the form of multiplied shoots (stationary system) and roots cult...

Atropa belladonna is the most important commercial source of pharmaceutical tropane alkaloids such as Atropine, Scopolamine, and Hyoscyamine. The current study aims to investigate the effects of 6 different helium-neon laser doses (0.0, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 J cm-2) and exposure conditions on callus fresh weight and apply biotechnological tools as...

Carmelo Gurnari,1,2 Ishani Nautiyal,1 Simona Pagliuca1,3 1Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA; 2Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, PhD in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; 3ED56...

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important vegetable crop species with great economic value. Shoot architecture determines the visual appearance of plants and has a strong impact on crop management and yield. Unlike most model plant species, cucumber undergoes vegetative growth and reproductive growth simultaneously, in which leaves are produced...

The improvement of superior wheat cultivars depends on the identification of promising segregating populations to derive superior lines. A lattice model (8×8) involving 56 F 2 populations and eight parents was conducted in the 2020 cropping season, and grain yield per plant was evaluated for every F 2 population, with further analysis of the popula...

Beans one of the essential plant protein sources for human and animal diets. Conventional breeding methods have been used to develop the cultivars of beans with high quality and high yield. However, conventional methods of plant breeding are time-consuming and laborious. Biotechnological methods can accelerate the breeding process in conventional p...

Amaranthus Tricolor L. (red amaranth) and Amaranthus Viridis (Green amaranth) are Amaranthaceae members, widely cultivated in Asia and consumed as a leafy vegetable in many parts of the world. This study deal with the nutritional and functional, and biochemical characterization of A. Tricolor and A. viridis. Single-factor experiments and Box Behnke...

Nanotechnology has a great potential for application in applied biotechnology. Here we demonstrate the effectiveness of synthesized by direct reaction ZrS 3 and TiS 3 nanoribbons as sterilizing agents, growth stimulators and activators of rhizogenesis of micro-sprouts of tree crops during clonal micropropagation. At the initiation stage at 6 and 15...

Novel biology technologies like gene editing and genetic engineering are creating a proliferation of breakthroughs in engineered biological systems that will change our world in areas ranging from medicine, to textiles, to energy. New developments in gene editing technologies, especially CRISPR-Cas9, have shown early signs of extraordinary potentia...

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have made tremendous advances, in last years. Artificial insemination is a method for achieving slow genetic progress in populations of animals. Many large and small ruminants are bred by AI, and more than a half million embryos are transferred every year around the world. Most of the ruminants sires used fo...

RESUMEN Los humanos son la única especie de la naturaleza que ha violado los límites biológicos, fruto de su evolución exosomática más que endosomática. La mutación de los humanos hubiera sido más lenta, de haberse limitado exclusivamente a la evolución de los órganos dotados, con los que se hubieran ido adaptando de manera progresiva, como ha sido...

Since introduction of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has been broadly applied in basic research and applied biotechnology, whereas translation into clinical testing has raised safety concerns. Indeed, although frequencies and locations of off-target events have been widely addressed, little is known about their potential biological consequences in larg...

Organic acids produced by soil microorganisms can be useful to promote the release of potassium (K) from potassium mineral rocks (KR), but the complexity of low-reactivity minerals limits K solubilization and their use as fertilizer. Here, we investigate the ways that different organic acids (gluconic, oxalic, and citric) can affect the solubilizat...