Apes - Science topic

I understand that Homo s. & the other existing apes all evolved from a distant common early Hominid ancestor.

H Chris Ransford : Thanks for raising the important issue of Nobel Awards in this discussion. In fact, the Nobel Committee and the Vatican have become respectively, the (most forceful and effective) cultural and moral apologists of monopoly capitalism, as the primary authority and guardians offering benediction on the myths of official theoretical physics and cosmology. Please see the following RG question:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_Noble_Is_the_Nobel_Physics_Award

And the following press reports: On the Influence of Big Money and Theology on "Big Science":

The British newspaper, "The Guardian" report: The MIT-Epstein debacle shows ‘the prostitution of intellectual activity’. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/sep/07/jeffrey-epstein-mit-funding-tech-intellectuals

BBC reports:

The book of Nishida from 2012 is fantastic, with a lot of more references to the topic.

Stanley Wilkin ,

This is a totally unknown topic to me but it calls to mind the work of one of the two Academica Press editors who published my essay on J.M. Barrie, Yeats, Eliot, in Origins of English Dramatic Modernism, 1870-1914 (2010), Gregory Tague.

These are some titles of books written by this English professor whose research is at the other spectrum from the Victorian novel he usually analyzes and closer to Charles Darwin. Gregory F. Tague has his most recent book titles listed on LinkedIn, as follows: "An Ape Ethic (2020); Art and Adaptability (2018); Evolution and Human Culture (2016); Making Mind (2014); &c."

The R package for phylogenetic analyses is called APE.

Following what I heard from my colleague paleoanthropologists, four main reasons are commonly raised:

- Sedimentological context: bones do not conserve well in dense tropical sediments, due to the high pH coming from tree roots.

- Epistemological context: research attention was much more focus on East and South Africa since the discovery of the first fossils.

- Geographical context: it is always more difficult to organized expedition, especially archaeological investigations, in tropical forest.

- Geopolitical context: areas of geopolitical tension often discourage scientific projects and decreased the chance to obtain financial support.

I hope the answer will help.

How to add Benjamin correction in ANOVA results, followed by TukeyHSD

You may find it easier to just view the tree in a graphical tree browser: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/

Output using ape write.tree, then import to figtree

A quien respondió: Lo siento, olvidé tu nombre. Muchas gracias por tu respuesta. He leído algunos ensayos de esos autores pero continuaré leyéndolos porque no había leído sobre cómo los sacos reaccionan al funcionar. Aprecio tu información. No sabía que los sacos exhalan el aire durante la vocalización o que los sacos no son usados durante la respiración normal. Esta información me ayudará a formular la tesis del experimento que estoy preparando para mí maestría. 

Generally ORF finders don't look for things shorter than a given size (often adjustable) but probably 10-20 residues. I don't know how short you can go, certainly the trp operon leader which encodes 14 amino acids undergoes translation and as Peter Karlskov-Mortensen points out, when too short you can induce toxicity. But whether it is translation or not is likely to depend upon the existence of a ribosome binding site situation appropriately before the start codon. So unless you have a shine-dalgarno site then most likely it would be not be translated in bacteria. If you think about it, ever ATG in the genome is going to have an ORF after it unless it is immediately followed by a stop codon.

I hope this is the question you are asking, if not, then what is your concern?

I can think of two options:

1. Cages that are large enough to prevent monkeys reaching in and with a large enough mesh to allow butterflies in

2. Placing the traps in locations inaccessible to monkeys (out on small islands or on posts driven into pond beds.

I wonder if there are predator scents that might repel monkeys? We used coyote urine to reduce squirrel numbers. But even that did not eliminate them.

Sites like 23andMe report percent relationships between people and that can help you identify relatives. For example, biological parents, children, and full siblings share about 50% (1/2); grandparents, grandchildren, aunts & uncles about 25% (1/4), and first cousins about 12.5% (1/8). But this is shorthand for the percent of DNA that varies within the human population. Almost all our DNA is shared in common (~99.9%). Think of genetic testing profiles like the Mendel inheritance charts we would make in high school bio. Estimates comparing humans to other animals or plants, are talking about all the DNA. Hope this helps, Maximilian. ~ Kevin

Dear Jorge,

As you well know, I do not understand any of this, but did you see this article?

Can this be the solution to what you are looking for?

All the best

Nuno

That is true. I was operating under the assumption that the calls were in fact the same. There are several statistical analyses that can confirm this.

Syed:

The real meaning of Descent (=fall, Antonym = Ascent) used by Charles Darwin is actually ancestry, lineage or origin in terms of his proposed Theory. In several published editions of his theory, he scarcely used the term "Evolution".

Best

Syed

Another question you might wish to examine: can one link apes to human ancestry? This statement follows that of Timothy Bromage, above, based on parsimony and stem taxa distribution and diversity.

YOU CAN USE IT, BUT THE PROCESS OF POLYMERIZATION WILL BE VERY VERY SLOW. Yield of polymerize sample will also be very less

Yes, self Surgical instinct in Animals to alleviate painful disease is a natural tendency, self surgical instinct creates an injury or painful site having high pain threshold than previous; so one forgets the previous pain. This tendency is also seen in some human beings also.

Methanol should work also and is far cheaper than ACN 

i look forward to seeing your paper Donna and i think Lili might be interested in

it as well.

Ivan:

This link might prove helpful to you:

Best

Syed

thank you sir for your reply.

Dear Ivan,

One of my colleagues conducted personality study of wild bonobos at Wamba, DR Congo. She recently finished her PhD course, and the paper may come soon... 

Here is the abstract of her PhD thesis.

Spinning can be a play behavior. I've witnessed it in immature gorillas.

This is spinning for play, adult male gorilla.

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBxRLw_YuSw

Similar spinning play for infant gorilla

Hi Bruce. Thanks for the article.

Culling? yes but baboons can hide from the hunters. Personal experiences in Shai Hills in Ghana, is that the day one baboon falls they will never be seen for a long time.  I therefore suggest the predator prey relationship as a long term solution. The culling will change the behavior of the baboons.

Morris and Doak 2002 "Quantitative Conservation Biology" is a good intro to pop. viability analysis, goes through non-demographic and deterministic models through demographic and environmental stochastic PVA's, and comes with Matlab scripts you can get started with.

Genetic and observation are advisable for this kind of study. The question is: where are your apes? Captivity or in nature. Therefore, to the faecal washing, I will suggest to you to combine a study of individuals in captivity and in free ranging based on the requirements published in varied books. Dierenfeld (2003) and St Louis zoo put in place a good software to evaluate diet: Zootrition™,. It can be helpful for you also.

Very little evidence to answer this question. Suggest you look at 'Apes of the Impenetrable Forest. The Behavioral Ecology of Sympatric Chimpanzees and Gorillas' by Craig Stanford (Pearson-Pretice Hall, 2008). Especially Chap. 7.

One approach utilizes 3-aminopropyl-trietoxy silane (APTES), enabling one to obtain a smooth surface termed AP-mica. This surface binds nucleic acids and nucleoprotein complexes in a wide range of ionic strengths, in the absence of divalent cations and in a broad range of pH. Another method utilizes aminopropyl silatrane (APS) to yield an APS-mica surface. The advantage of APS-mica compared with AP-mica is the ability to obtain reliable and reproducible time-lapse images in aqueous solutions

The best data on this probably come from Lui Kotale; see e.g. Hohmann & Fruth 2002 Dynamics in social organization of bonobos in which they relate variation in party size to food availability. Frances White has similar data for Lomako (White 1996 Comparative socio-ecology of Pan paniscus). 

In general, 'cohesiveness' is determined by food availability across primates (see Sterck et al 1997), especially great apes who are large-bodied and therefore 1) experience strong feeding competition because they need to eat a lot and 2) are not very vulnerable to predation, and hence don't need be in a group for protection. Both factors mean that they will respond to food scarcity by splitting up and to abundance by coming together (resulting in their typical fission-fusion societies). The extreme cases are orangutans, who are forced to forage solitarily most of the time because the forests are not very productive, and bonobos who experience relative abundance much of the time and can therefore afford to be together. Chimpanzees are somewhere in between, depending on the population as there is a lot of variation within each species, with higher food abundance predictably leading to higher gregariousness. 

Rebecca Stumpf has a good summary chapter on chimpanzees and bonobos in Primates in perspective: Chimpanzees and bonobos- diversity within and between species