Antarctic Regions - Science topic

Dmitry S Dukhovskoy Thank you!

Thank you so much Shin-ichi Ishimaru, I will compare these specimens with Rhachotropis

This is a good point, and your back-of-envelope calculations are correct, but I'm not sure that the temperature will uniformly increase down to the bottom of the ocean. As far as I understand, the deep ocean (below 200m) does not sense that much what happens above. OK, let's increase this depth to 500m - still, we will be dealing with ~8 times smaller volume that should be considered as an expanding one, yielding ~10cm per degree of warming. Overall, I would be more worried by the increasing frequency of extreme meteorological events associated with global warming - it's easier to build even a 3m dam than to protect the whole area from hurricanes or tsunamis.

I recommend the phrase "natural environment". Because nature changes under the influence of man. The natural environment is a natural environment that has not lost its unchanging "virgin" properties.

The role of volcanic activity as a significant factor contributing to ice melt still awaits a confirmation. For some further details please kindly consult the following site:

Maybe a bit late already, but I can recommend using the Global Ocean Chlorophyll, PP and PFT dataset from Marine Copernicus that dates back to 1997 with daily interpolated resolution

Dear Veronika,

couldn't that be some kind of pollen? Where exactly did you retrieve these speciemen in Antarctica, i.e., at which location and at roughly which depth?

Best,

Julius

Thank you so much

You may also use "leaflet" package and leaflet() %>% addTiles( your data, lat, lng)

On December 1, 1959, twelve nations (Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Great Britain, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, the United States of America, and the USSR) gathered in Washington to sign the historic Antarctic Treaty. Some people wonder who owns most of Antarctica. Well, while nobody owns Antarctica, Australia’s claim is the largest, with a 42% share of the entire continent covering a whopping six million square kilometers. Each nation had its reasons for making a claim: their role in early exploration, a continued presence in Antarctica, geographical proximity, or geological connections. However, these unilateral claims to an uninhabited land left many noses out of joint. Tension brewed, with most nations, including the USA and the USSR, refusing to acknowledge the claims. Bitter disputes erupted between Argentina, Chile, and Great Britain, whose claims on the Antarctic Peninsula overlapped.

It was the middle of the Cold War, a time of global turbulence and instability.

Dear Sagar,

I'm not sure what do you have in mind; for instance, if you need sea ice or land (ice sheet) data? What is the required temporal coverage? Do you want raw data or processed data products? Nevertheless, I would start searching for data at the National Snow and Ice Data Center, or NSIDC (https://nsidc.org/data).

All the best,

Christian

Dear Jiang,

I am also facing the same issue with data. How you sort out?

interesting question

Here is some clue....

Direct Cellular Lysis/Protein Extraction Protocol for Soil Metaproteomics

J. Proteome Res. 2010, 9, 12, 6615-6622, https://doi.org/10.1021/pr100787q

Abstract : We present a novel direct protocol for deep proteome characterization of microorganisms in soil. The method employs thermally assisted detergent-based cellular lysis (SDS) of soil samples, followed by TCA precipitation for proteome extraction/cleanup prior to liquid chromatography−mass spectrometric characterization. This approach was developed and optimized using different soils inoculated with genome-sequenced bacteria (Gram-negative Pseudomonas putida or Gram-positive Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus). Direct soil protein extraction was compared to protein extraction from cells isolated from the soil matrix prior to lysis (indirect method). Each approach resulted in identification of greater than 500 unique proteins, with a wide range in molecular mass and functional categories. To our knowledge, this SDS-TCA approach enables the deepest proteome characterizations of microbes in soil to date, without significant biases in protein size, localization, or functional category compared to pure cultures. This protocol should provide a powerful tool for ecological studies of soil microbial communities.

Sorry for my late response. Part of photos which I took with another microscope (40 and 60 objects) seems were saved with wrong settings, can not open them, unfortunately. Only file with name Image_7577 contains specimens from different areas in Antarctica, the rest are from Amundsen Sea collected by Dr. Eun Jin Yang (KOPRI).

What is the possibility of separating the plastic particles from the plankton at the point of collection and then using two different preservation media? It might be worth investigating by looking to see how plastic particles are concentrated now from water samples. Low velocity flow through centrification?

just trying to get

Hi Luca, check this one:

Lehette P, Hernández‐León S (2009) Zooplankton biomass estimation from digitized images: a comparison between subtropical and Antarctic organisms. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 7:304-308

cheers Leni

In Australia Julia Jabour, Alan D. Hemmings, and Lorne Kriwoken are the first that come to mind.

Fernando!

You can do this normalization in a simple raster calculator in a gis software.

Good question

Arvind Singh and Marpha Telepova-Texier thank you both. I'll start reading what you have shared immediately.