Annelida - Science topic

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A total of 624 nominal species-level and genus-level identified species of parasites were reported from 287 different nominal fish species from both wild and cultured marine and freshwater as well as aquarium habitats by 2020. This checklist provides the current state of the knowledge of fish parasites allocated in 10 phyla: Ciliophora, Platyhelmin...

Littoral environments represent the main entry point for pollutants into the sea. Microplastics (MPs) are a growing concern, especially for the Mediterranean basin characterized by densely populated coasts and a semi-enclosed morphology. This article targets MPs associated with a unique coastal habitat-the largest bio-construction in the Mediterran...

Earthworms are key organisms in terrestrial ecosystems. They are found globally and provide significant ecological functions and ecosystem services, so their conservation should be a priority. Yet little is known about the large‐scale impacts of global change on earthworm diversity, species distribution, and assemblage structure. More importantly,...

Capitellidae is a family of marine annelids commonly found in coastal to deep-sea sediments. These annelids are characterized by capillary chaetae at the anterior and long-handled hooks at the posterior part. Although mitochondrial genomes (mtgenomes) are widely used in phylogenetic analyses of invertebrates, their application is limited in many ma...

Volume covering the phyla Ctenophora (comb jellies, ctenophores), Nemertea (proboscis worms), Bryozoa (bryozoans), Brachiopoda (brachiopods, lamp shells), Chaetognatha (arrow worms), Annelida (polychaetes, bristle worms, featherduster worms, leeches). This Field Guide aims to facilitate underwater/topside field identification from visual character...

Scolecodonts are the fossilised jaw apparatus of polychaetes, with fossil records dating back to the Late Cambrian. However, they are commonly found in Ordovician, Silurian and Devonian strata. Here, we describe three species— Langeites aff. glaber, Langeites sp., and Oenonites spp. from the Miaogao Formation in Yiliang, Yunnan, South China. A comp...

Marked species composition changes are observed between shallow-water (0–200 m) temperate and tropical fauna, however, this transition is not well documented in deep-water fauna (> 200 m). Along the east coast of Australia there is an apparent biogeographic tropical to temperate transition between 30–40°S for bathyal and abyssal fauna. This has bee...

In the present study, a new species of a rarely encountered genus Sclerobregma Hartman, 1965, Sclerobregma nanhaiensissp. nov., is described based on specimens collected from slope depths of the northern South China Sea. It is characterized by the presence of branched branchiae and heavy acicular spines in the anterior chaetigers, and is morphologi...

Cirratulidae is a group of common marine benthic annelids with about 397 nominal species described worldwide, 58 of which are reported in European waters. Due to the general morphological homogeneity among species from several genera, this group is considered difficult to identify to species level, has a complex taxonomical and nomenclatural histor...

The present study is the first pioneer study on the ecological status of the Wadi Mariout ponds in the southern part of the Mediterranean Sea, Egypt. The physicochemical variables referred to brackish water (salinity: 12.28–16‰). The WQI indicated a lower water quality status in the western basin than the eastern one. The average TSI values (64.61...

Background Settlement and metamorphosis are crucial developmental events in the life cycles of most marine benthic invertebrates. Neuropeptides play an important role in inducing larval settlement. However, studies on the ciliary genes and the few studies have examined the pathways regulated by neuropeptides during larval settlement. Methods Here,...

Background Ramisyllis kingghidorahi (Annelida, Syllidae) is one of few annelid species with a ramified body, one anterior end and hundreds of posterior ends. R. kingghidorahi belongs to the family Syllidae, whose members reproduce by forming stolons, small autonomous reproductive units, at the posterior end. Molecular mechanisms controlling sexual...

Polychaetes (Phylum Annelida) respond to sensory stimuli through the usage of sensory organs and appendages, such as palps, which vary in shape and structure depending on lifestyle. The typical palps of nereidid polychaetes are tapered appendages constituted by two articles. The palpophore is the wider and longer basal article, followed by the thin...

Spirobranchus tetraceros (Schmarda, 1861), originally described from New South Wales, Australia, was later reported as a widely distributed succesful species of Indo-Pacific origin, including as Lessepsian migrant to the Mediterranean, until evidence has accumulated that the nominal taxon is a large complex of morphologically similar species. Speci...

The Micro‐computed X‐ray tomography (micro‐CT) technique is used to examine the external and internal anatomy of four species of Pectinariidae (Annelida: Terebellida): Amphictene auricoma, Cistenides granulata, Cistenides hyperborea and Lagis sp., from material collected off Iceland and NW Spain. The main aims were: (1) to provide new and additiona...

Recent expeditions to the North-East Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean yielded an abundance of specimens resembling two species of polychaetes of the family Cirratulidae Ryckholt, 1851 originally described in 1879 and tentatively placed within the genus Cirratulus Lamarck, 1818. In this study, we set out to confirm their identity, assess the potential...

Around 1500 species of polychaetes have been recorded in Mexico, while Oaxaca, Southern Mexican Pacific, has 315 recorded species. The sedentary polychaetes encrusted themselves in artificial substrates such as dock piles, submerged ropes, buoys, and ship hulls, forming microhabitats that allow other invertebrates to establish themselves in these s...

Food determines an organism’s growth, development, movement, and survival. Its availability impacts fish interaction and density. A total of 607 individuals were collected between April 2023 and January 2024, with sizes ranging from total length of 11.0 to 15.8 cm to determine the food and feeding habits of fringescale sardinella. The fullness inde...

Earthworms (Annelida: Clitellata: Crassiclitellata) are prominent members of the soil community, important to many ecosystem functions. Despite this, and like many other soil invertebrates, they are rarely considered in conservation assessments, including the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessments used to assess...

Deep-sea research is a very active field in which environments such as hydrothermal vents are of particular interest because they host a unique and often endemic fauna. In this paper, we describe a new species of the genus Caulleriella Chamberlin, 1919 (Annelida, Cirratulidae Ryckholt, 1851) and report the presence of Raricirrus arcticus Buzhinskaj...

A new species of ragworm belonging to the genus Perinereis is described from South Baja California Peninsula, Mexico. It was discovered in rocky intertidal zone among calcareous algae. The new species is characterized by the presence of a single-shield shaped bar paragnath on area VI and a remarkable development of dorsal cirrophore towards the pos...

Background Leech infestations are rare but potentially serious medical conditions, often leading to hemorrhage and anemia. Leeches, which belong to the phylum Annelida and class Hirudinea, typically infest humans through contact with contaminated water or ingestion of unfiltered water. They attach to the mucosa of the aerodigestive tract, causing b...

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kepadatan dan keanekaragaman makrozoobenthos, kondisi kualitas air berdasarkan parameter fisika dan kimia serta perbedaan kepadatan, keanekaragaman dan kondisi kualitas air antara stasiun di Danau Sabuah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, pengambilan sampel dengan metode purposive sam...

This manuscript discusses the use of earthworms and their extracts as used in ancient and recent medical practice. Although there have been many studies involved using earthworms for medical remedies, this report is restricted to those where the patients are humans vis-à-vis other animal species. Keywords: earthworm extracts; medicine; treatments;...

A non-cladistic perspective on the origins and relationships of Annelida, Lobopoda, Arthropoda, Ecdysozoa, Crustacea, Insecta and Myriapoda. The deep similarity of jumping bristletails to syncarids show that insects originated directly from malacostracans. Myriapods are secondarily simplified descendants of early hexapods that lost the division of...

Marine caves are complex habitats characterized by intense environmental gradients from the entrance towards the innermost dark sectors. The submarine caves at the Cape of Otranto (Mediterranean, SE Italy) host skeletonized invertebrates able to build 3D structures by intermingling their hard body parts with microbial carbonates, thus acting as bio...

Earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus) belong to the phylum Annelida, class Clitellata, order Haplotaxida, family Lumbricidae, and genus Lumbricus. They thrive in loose and moist soil habitats. This species is commonly used as animal feed due to its high protein content, which is 65% higher than that of mammalian meat and 50% more than that of fish. To me...

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7135-1009 RESUMEN: En este trabajo damos a conocer el primer registro documentado de una anomalía morfológica en poliquetos en Chile observada en ejemplares de Perinereis falklandica (RAMSAY, 1914) obtenidos en agregaciones del mitílido Perumytilus purpuratus (LAMARCK, 1819) en el intermareal de playa Las Cruces, Chile c...

The Okulu River which flows from Oyigbo down to Eleme and empties into the mangrove swamp of Okrika in the Southern part of Rivers State is strategic and plays a significant role to the aquatic needs of the people in the state and its environs. However, the information on the quality of the river is scanty hence it became imperative to study the im...

Background Sabellid species are known to have a broad depth distribution and have been reported from various deep-sea habitats, including chemosynthetic systems. Despite this presence, only two species have been identified from deep water chemosynthetic habitats and only one has been identified to species. When examining hydrocarbon seep systems al...

In this study, we describe a new species belonging to the genus Paucibranchia Molina-Acevedo, 2018 found in the area “La Grande Vasière” on the French Atlantic continental shelf (Bay of Biscay). Paucibranchia glemarecisp. nov. lives between 100 and 130 m depth on muddy sands. It is easily distinguished from most other European species of the genus...

Marine symbioses involving polychaetes are widespread across the world's oceans, with Echinodermata as prominent hosts and Asteroidea (sea stars) accounting for approximately 7% of the interactions. The species-rich family Syllidae (Annelida: Polychaeta), with over 1,100 species across 80 genera, is particularly known for its diverse lifestyles, in...

This study was carried out in the upper segment of Qua Iboe River, Niger Delta, Nigeria between January 2020 and June 2021 in five sampling stations, to ascertain the seasonal dynamics of aquatic macroinvertebrates and environmental variables. The results showed that the mean values for water temperature, hydrogen ion, dissolved oxygen, total hardn...

We present for the first time the complete mitochondrial genomes (mt genomes) of the earthworms Aporrectodea caliginosa and Ap. trapezoides (Clitellata, Megadrili) collected in Hungary and Korea, respectively. The complete mt genome of Ap. trapezoides comprised 15,014 base pairs. Lengths of the three complete Ap. caliginosa mt genomes varied betwee...

Gametogenesis is the process by which germ cells differentiate into mature sperm and oocytes, cells essential for sexual reproduction. The sex-specific molecular programs that drive spermatogenesis and oogenesis can also serve as sex identification markers. Platynereis dumerilii is a research organism that has been studied in many areas of developm...

Most of the beach biodiversity consists of small animals that are inconspicuous and live in the spaces between sand grains. These animals play a crucial role in shaping interactions within beach ecosystems and are important for understanding how these ecosystems respond to both natural and human-induced disturbances. In tropical and subtropical reg...

Two new species of Paraonidae (Annelida) belonging to the genera Aricidea (Acmira) Hartley, 1981 and Paradoneis Hartman, 1965, are described from soft bottoms of Bahía de Los Angeles, Gulf of California. Aricidea (Acmira) blackei sp. nov. is characterized by having a short, digitiform antenna with a discrete swollen base; by possessing notopodial p...

Deep-sea sponges create complex biogenic structures and attract a wide array of deep-sea organisms, including symbionts. In this study, we describe Eunice siphoninsidiatorsp. nov., a new eunicid species living in the central cavity of deep-sea farreid glass sponges found on northwest Pacific seamounts. The new species closely resembles the Atlantic...

We present Part I of an annotated catalog of types in the Annelida collection of the Museum of Nature Hamburg, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change. Part I includes the type specimens of 148 nominal species and subspecies belonging to Errantiaincertae sedis and the Errantia clades Eunicida, Myzostomida, and Protodriliformia. Th...

Suncus murinus, a widespread Soricidae, has been introduced to several islands, strongly impacting endemic species. Its dietary habits, especially at its introduction sites, are poorly understood and the level of impact on native taxa remains unknown. Obtaining dietary samples from shrews is challenging because of their high metabolic rates and rap...

Sedimentary structures attributed to trace fossils are reported from Pleistocene sediments of Belarus for the first time. It is suggested that the trace fossils belong to polychaetes (Annelida, Polychaeta), including, possibly, sandworms Arenicola sp. The material described below may be of some value for paleogeographic studies and for a better und...

This Collective Article compiles information on nineteen (19) species recorded in seven (7) Mediterranean countries (Croatia, Cyprus, Italy, Malta, Slovenia, Syria, and Türkiye) and across four major sub-basins (Adriatic, Western, Central, and Eastern Med-iterranean). The documented taxa represent eight (8) phyla: Annelida (four species), Arthropod...

Background Enchytraeids, commonly known as potworms, are small oligochaetes found worldwide in various terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. Despite their crucial role in ecosystem functioning, the diversity and abundance of Enchytraeidae are seldom studied due to the labour-intensive process of species identification. This study aims to a...

This study presents a comprehensive assessment of faunal diversity on the University of Rajasthan campus, a critical green space in the rapidly urbanizing city of Jaipur, India. Through systematic observational surveys conducted over the year 2024, we identified 109 species across 3 phyla, 5 classes, 29 order and 74 families, with Arthropoda domina...

Molecular data have been suggesting the existence of a complex of cryptic species within the taxon Perinereis cultrifera, which has not been fully explored yet. In this study, we performed a morphological and molecular analysis (mtCOI-5P, 16S rRNA and 28SD2 rRNA) of Perinereis specimens from intertidal marine and brackish European localities, mostl...

After one year of surveying semiaquatic earthworms (Oligochaeta, Sparganophilidae), we describe Sparganophilus jenkinsi sp. nov., S. carveri sp. nov., S. oconeeae sp. nov., S. williamsae sp. nov., S. muskogee sp. nov., S. youngae sp. nov., and S. borgesae sp. nov. based on extensive differences in morphological characters and molecular data. Three...

Here, we present an annotated checklist and a brief literature review of earthworms known from the Caribbean island of Hispaniola. A total of 22 species are recorded, with one uncertain species record. Among these species, only 11 are considered native or endemic to the island. Patterns of distribution within Hispaniola are therefore preliminary. N...

Our molecular phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of two well-separated clades, an Alpine-Carpathian-Balkanic and a Balkanic-Anatolian-Levantine group within the Dendrobaena alpina (Rosa, 1884) species group. Two specimens collected in the Retezat Mountains, the Southern Carpathians, Romania, identified as D. alpina alpina in a former stud...

El género Laonome Malmgren, 1866 (Annelida: Sedentaria) pertenece a la familia Sabellidae. Una nueva especie, Laonome xeprovala, fue descrita en 2018 a partir de ejemplares hallados en el año 2009 en diferentes sitios de Europa y hasta ese momento desconocidos. En Argentina se registró por primera vez en el año 2019 en el Sistema del río Paraná y t...

Our study follows the history of the species name tyrtaeum, from the scanty original description as Enterion tyrtaeum by Savigny, 1826 through the loss of type specimen, additional description by Ribaucourt, confusion in the later literature, suggested synonymy with O. lacteum and different opinions of the different authors. Our molecular phylogene...

The area of Donji Kamenjak (Istria, Croatia) is locus typicus for the species Octodrilus istrianus Mršić, 1991. However, the whole earthworm fauna has not been investigated. Given that O. istrianus is an endemic species to the Istrian region, this fact inspired our research in this small, but unique location. Field samplings were conducted over a t...

In this paper, we have summarized the current knowledge of earthworm fauna in North Macedonia. This list presents earthworm diversity, general ecology, distribution, and zoogeographical types for the first time. The complete list of earthworm taxa of North Macedonia comprises 59 species and subspecies, of which 57 taxa belong to the family Lumbrici...

A new earthworm species, Diplocardia farrishi sp. nov., was collected from multiple sites within the Chihuahuan Desert of southern New Mexico and West Texas, USA. This new species was only recently recognized as such after a review of the literature on Diplocardia verrucosa Ude, 1895. Corrections in the literature of D. verrucosa, with additional m...

The taxonomy and phylogeny of the Southern Alpine species Eophila gestroi (Cognetti, 1905) can be confusing. The main reason for this is the morphological similarity of this species with the Vardar endemic species Cernosvitovia strumicae (Šapkarev, 1973). The confirmation of the identification of our findings based on morphological characters, prev...

Haplotaxis is a genus of aquatic oligochaetes for which only limited information is available on its taxonomy, distribution, habitat and diet. During a soil survey in southern Poland, specimens of Haplotaxis cf. gordioides were unexpectedly found in terrestrial mineral subsoils, isolated from any apparent water source. This discovery provides an op...

This paper provides clear and definitive answers to the confusion caused by parthenogenetic forms in the delimitation of species in the earthworm taxonomy of the Balkan Peninsula. Dendrobaena illyrica (Cognetti, 1906) is a species group with high morphological variability. Its varieties have been described several times under specific names, and er...

Several new earthworm species have been described in France in the last decade, but the Western peri-Alpine region, despite hosting several endemic species, has received little attention. A recently discovered earthworm species from this region was found to be a close relative to Avelona ligra and Allolobophora s.l. zicsii after molecular phylogene...

Mangroves are coastal ecosystems that exist in the transition zone between terrestrial and marine environments, typical of tropical regions, and they occur in areas with frequent tidal submersion. These ecosystems shelter the species Rhizophora mangle L. (Rhizophoraceae), a mangrove tree that has rhizophores, stem projections that serve as a substr...

Leeches are segmental worms commonly found in fresh water in tropical regions. They can enter the human body via the consumption of contaminated water or through the mouth and nose during washing, generally affecting the upper airway and digestive tract. During the blood-sucking process, the leech releases the anticoagulant enzyme “hirudin” from th...

Background: Jeju Island is a world-renowned tourist destination. However, with the increasing intensity of anthropogenic activities, the coastal marine environment of Jeju Island has been negatively affected. Methods and Results: Our study used five benthic indices to assess the ecological quality of the subtidal zone in northern Jeju Island. Our a...

Previous records of Polydora species from Brazil are reviewed and new records are provided, mainly from the Southeast and South regions of the country. Eleven species have been distinguished and a key to their identification is given. Polydora cornuta, P. nuchalis and a new species from the state of Rio de Janeiro, P. nonatoi sp. nov., live in silt...

Hesionid polychaetes are well known at hydrothermal vents, methane seeps, and unusual habitats such as whale falls. In 1985, Sirsoe grasslei was the first hesionid to be named from a hydrothermal vent. Vrijenhoekia was erected in 2008 for a closely related species from a whale fall. Further species of Sirsoe and Vrijenhoekia were described in the f...

The genus Amphiglena , comprising minute sabellid worms, is known for its cryptic diversity in the Mediterranean region. This study presents the first complete mitochondrial genome for the genus, corresponding to Amphiglena cf. mediterranea “clade IV” sensu Tilic et al. (2019). The mitogenome features 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNAs, and 22 tRNA...

Diopatra claparedii Grube, 1878, is a tubicolous polychaete species widely used as fishing bait by local anglers in Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia. Little is known about its biological characteristics despite its ecological and economic importance. This study aimed to examine the survival rate, growth, metabolic rate, and osmoregulatory capacity...

Public DNA sequence databases such as GenBank are widely used for identification of organisms in ecological and taxonomic studies. It is important that these public databases contain as few mistakes as possible and that any errors detected in these databases are reported. Here, we reanalyzed the COI sequences of Mercan et al. (2024) and showed that...

This is a complementary resource to “Cosmological Implication of Fictionality and Consciousness” at the part I discussed the idea of oneness reflected in Kenji Miyazawa’s poetics. I found Marco Masi’s article “Randomness and Teleology in a Conscious Universe”, provided supporting evidence on my ascertainment of Kenji Miyazawa’s poetics and the deep...

Parasites in mollusks are often neglected by humans, while some species were reported to be harmful to economic mollusks and caused production decrease. Metazoan parasites of mollusk studies from the China Seas started relatively later than other countries. To promote long-term studies on the distribution and diversity of metazoan parasites of moll...

Los poliquetos polinoidos son la familia que tiene el mayor número de géneros (unos 880) entre los escamosos. Para la mayoría de las especies, se conoce muy poco de su patrón de vida. Entre las especies de Halosydna, H. brevisetosa podría ser la especie mejor conocida, yaque es la más común en el ecosistema de la corriente de California, y vive de...

Putro SP, Sihab A, Titisari RS, Anarizta LA, Hodaifa G. 2024. Spatial and temporal distribution of macrobenthic polychaetes (Animalia: Annelida) comparing mangrove forest and aquaculture zone at Karimunjawa Island, Jepara District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 178-189. Polychaetes are bioindicator of pollution in a water area due to their high abun...

Freshwater ecosystems are among the most severely affected environments by species loss caused by climate change and intense anthropogenic pressure. To preserve biodiversity, biomonitoring plays a key role by providing reliable data on biological diversity and ecological status. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has emerged as a powerful and n...

Context In sandy beaches, the interstitial system, i.e. spaces among sand grains, forms a habitat that supports a diversity of microorganisms, as meiofauna. The interstitial fauna exhibits wide richness and diversity. Sediment-specific impacts on these communities remain understudied from a broader perspective. Aims To describe the interstitial fa...

Lipids form energy storage depots, cellular barriers and signaling molecules. They are generated and metabolized by enzymes under the influence of biotic and abiotic factors, and some—the long-chain polyunsaturated ω3 and ω6 fatty acids and cholesterol—are essential for optimal health in marine organisms. In addition, lipids have direct and indirec...

A study was done at Dhari Tehsil, District Nainital, Uttarakhand, India, to evaluate the impact of varied ecotypes, quality of organic inputs, and land use practices on the earthworm populations. Earthworm data were collected for two years (2019-2021) from 12 randomly selected study sites and correlated with soil physicochemical parameters, e.g., p...

Although often considered primarily hematophagous on mammalian blood, the leeches belonging to the genus Hirudo can feed on several other vertebrate hosts. However, to date, little is known about the feeding ecology of medicinal leeches in the wild, and the few available observations mostly deals with the European medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinali...

Comparative studies on the development of nervous systems have a significant impact on understanding animal nervous system evolution. Nevertheless, an important question is to what degree neuronal structures, which play an important role in early stages, become part of the adult nervous system or are relevant for its formation. This is likely in ma...

Leeches are widely used as model organisms in scientific studies and medical treatments. Medical leeches are hematophagous parasites that usually feed on the blood of their hosts. Some leeches show deformities, usually after feeding. This causes both medical and economic losses as it reduces the effectiveness of leeches in cultivation and medical t...

Earthworm (Megadrili) ovaries are paired organs located usually in the XIII segment. So far, only their localization and general morphology are well known. Light, fluorescence, and electron microscopy analyses were carried out to describe ovary histology and ultrastructure in selected representatives of the family Lumbricidae. We studied 12 species...

Metabarcoding of Enchytraeidae (Annelida) communities

Se caracterizó y analizó la poliquetofauna asociada a Caulerpa racemosa var. peltata y C. sertularioides recolectadas en dos zonas en el interior de Laguna La Restinga, estado Nueva Esparta. Doce familias y 25 especies fueron identificadas; siendo la familia Serpulidae la que presentó la mayor abundancia con 67,23% de la abundancia total y que corr...

Lophotrochozoa is a highly diverse and ecologically significant clade of animals, comprising numerous phyla such as Annelida, Mollusca, and Platyhelminthes. Initially defined based on DNA sequence data, the clade was characterized by the presence of either a trochophore larva or a lophophore feeding structure. Despite its foundational traits, the e...

The present study provides the scenario of density and diversity of mesozooplankton from the study areas viz. Chidiyatapu, Burmanallah, Junglighat and Chatham from Port Blair region of South Andaman during inter-monsoon period (Dec 2022 to Feb 2023). Zooplankton density ranged from 374.5 to 588.6 no/m³ and showed variation across the stations (p <0...

The Büyük Menderes Basin is a large region located in the southwest of Türkiye, covering the area where the Büyük Menderes River flows into the Aegean Sea, and includes the lands of Afyonkarahisar, Aydın, Burdur, Denizli, Isparta, İzmir, Kütahya, Manisa, Muğla and Uşak provinces. The area is approximately 2,600,000 hectares and more than 3,000 inve...

This study explores the distribution, abundance, and diversity of branchiobdellidans on freshwater crayfish in the Zakarpattia (Transcarpathian) region of Ukraine, focusing on populations in the Tereblya River and Lake Synevir. Surveys were conducted over the summer seasons of 2008, 2009, 2017, and 2022, examining a total of 68 noble crayfish (Asta...

Rotularia Defrance is a common extinct genus of planispirally coiled fossil polychaete worms in the family Serpulidae from shallow marine environment. Here, we describe a large collection of Rotularia specimens attached to mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. The fossil record of Rotularia serves as a valuable tool for calibrating polychaete evolution and...

This paper completes the survey of the state of Nebraska. In the survey of the southern portion of Nebraska, there were records and collections containing 23 earthworm species in the families Acanthodrilidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, and Sparganophilidae.2 In this report on the northern portion of Nebraska, there were 12 species in the families...