Animal Health - Science topic

Pioneering Change: Exploring the Impact of Veterinary Sector Startups on Animal Health

The veterinary industry is experiencing a wave of change with the emergence of startups dedicated to revolutionizing animal health. In this article, we will explore the impact of veterinary sector startups on animal health and the broader veterinary industry. These innovative startups are introducing new technologies, service models, and approaches to veterinary care, ultimately improving the well-being of animals and transforming the way veterinarians deliver their services. Join us as we delve into the world of veterinary sector startups and their significant influence on animal health.

I didnt have complete knowledge about Tunisia However, it is likely that researchers in Tunisia, like in many other countries with significant poultry farming industries, have conducted studies on the effects of heat stress on poultry.

Heat stress can have significant implications for poultry production, as high temperatures can negatively impact bird health, productivity, and welfare. The adverse effects of heat stress may include reduced feed intake, decreased egg production, poor growth, increased mortality rates, and compromised immune function.

To address these challenges, researchers and experts in the field of animal science, veterinary medicine, and agriculture often investigate the impact of heat stress on poultry and explore strategies to mitigate its effects. These studies may focus on various aspects, such as evaluating the physiological responses of birds to heat stress, assessing the efficacy of cooling and ventilation systems, developing heat-tolerant poultry breeds or strains, and optimizing management practices and nutrition to alleviate the negative effects of heat stress.

To find specific information on the current research activities related to heat stress on poultry in Tunisia, I recommend checking academic databases, scientific publications, and websites of research institutions or universities in Tunisia that specialize in agriculture, animal science, or veterinary studies. They may provide more detailed and up-to-date information on the research projects and studies being conducted in the country.

There are several factors that can greatly influence the action of antimicrobial agents. Aside from the popularly known factors (population size, concentration of the agent, time of exposure, temperature and microbial composition/ susceptibility), I wish to talk about the following in addition to the suggestions of other researchers:

Biosecurity is a set of strategies that reduce risk of aquatic pests and infectious diseases to an acceptable level in the facility and its immediate surroundings. A biosecurity risk is anything that could increase the impacts of pests, diseases, weeds or contaminants on the economy, environment or community. Effective biosecurity procedures are practical measures to limit the spread of infectious diseases and pests, both within a farm and from one farm to another. They are essential in preventing and controlling the spread of important exotic and endemic diseases.

The negative effects are often the most obvious. Study may finally reveal positive effects. E.g. Phytoestrogens can have positive benefits in meat production systems. Refer lit review in 'Agriculture' 2016: "Fertility of herbivores consuming phytoestrogen-containing Medicago and Trifolium species".

Dear Dr Mekonnen Tilahun,

I found this interesting document (in attached) that may actually help you in your research.

Best wishes,

Sabri

Good question.

Hi Garshasb,

EndoTrap HD is available in bulk resin for larger scale endotoxin removal. It has been shown to be more efficient and effective than most options

Brad

I following the best answer.

Polar is the best way to go. The chest belt is worth trying. I recommend contacting directly Polar, they have the longest experience with measuring ECG recordings.

It would be worth to try microcomputer-based devices (Raspberry Pi and similar ones). What you need is a microcomputer, wifi, and electrodes on a chest belt. It can cost in the order of tens of dollars.

Some colleagues from electronic faculty can put it together. 12 bits wide potential recordings exported into the CSV file will serve as a satisfactory input for any software evaluating ECG recordings.

When you got ECG, you can use complexity measures to follow the complexity of the ECGs. It gives much more data than HRV.

Thanks

What is the relation between sex and mortality rate?

good proposition

i think in my humble opinion that natural insemination better than artificial.

the problem with amantadine is that a lot of health organization try to stop its use in veterinary medicine due to the great resistance developed in human

Hi Kamlesh,I am currently working with MG63 and I grow them in EMEM media +10% FBS. I ensure that they are fully confluent before I split them, otherwise they seem to stop dividing well. I usually split them 1 in 3 (from a fully confluent 100mm dish) twice a week or 1 in 5 to grow over the weekend and they seem to be perfectly fine.

Hi, I am not sure about the current Abs anymore, sorry. We have advanced the project with a label free detection.

Best wishes

@ Bhairav Prasad

Bovine tuberculosis is a potential zoonotic disease that can infect humans. Please take a look at the following RG link and PDF attachments.

Thanks!

Scott. PR. Applications of diagnostic ultrasonography in small ruminant reproductive management. Animal Reproduction Science Volume 130, Issues 3–4, February 2012, Pages 184–186

A. Wehrend, H. Bostedt, E. Burkhardt. The use of trans-Abdominal B mode ultrasonography to diagnose intra-partum uterine torsion in the ewe. Vet. J., 176 (2002), pp. 69–70

P.R. Scott. Ovine caesarean operations: a study of 137 field cases. Br. Vet. J., 145 (1989), pp. 558–564

Birds start eating materials which are not fit for consumption, such as feathers, litter material, threads, etc. It is less commonly found in modern poultry farm. Phosphorus deficiency, parasitic infestation, new litter material etc. may predispose the birds to pica. Good manage- mental care and balanced diet are recommended for the prevention of pica .

Yes annual vaccination is necessary in dogs, since booster vaccinations every year will boost up the anamnestic immune response that maintains the antibody level in the individual animal.

I don't accept and believe in the principles of Homeopathy as it is against the principle of Allopathy and Modern science. But as a final resort i have tried homeopathy several times when saving the animal becomes so important that we will try every techniques at our disposal.

Hello,

Endotoxin can be removed with three possible mechanisms:

1. Affinity based : Affi-Prep Polymyxin resin from Bio-rad

2. Charge based : MacroPrep High Q ( When your Protein have basic pI and operating at neutral pH) , You can try Ceramic Hydroxy Apatite also.

Selecting right resin for endotoxin removal :

3. Size based : If your desired protein size less then 5kda then you can try TFF (10kda) in flowthrough (permeate mode), Endotoxin have higher size so endotoxin will retain in retenate and your product will come in flow-through.

Hope this is useful.

Please contact me for any more info or support.

Thank you Jaime! Actually, one of those papers is mine and of colleagues. Do you maybe have some experiences from your country?

Check this link may be helpful

Greeting

Our journal Ethnoentomology specialises on ethnoentomology and cultural entomology. www.ethnoentomology.cz

The Group of Eastern-European Ethnobiologists is also very interesting. They organise Eastern European Ethnobiology Workshops every couple of years.

Thank you Mr. Mousa Khosravani for help.

Try FAP59/64 consensus primers or CP4/5 primers.  they are often used to amplify also unknown PVs. I would recommend to perform rolling Circle amplification before subjecting DNa to PCr analysis to enrich circular DNa in the Background of liniear host DNA.

before you start using any herb, you need to analysis for the phytochemicals component of such plants which will give some ideas of what it's contains.

Dear Amanda

Please, read on page nine in the following link:

I hope will be useful for you

Good Luck

Hi

this link can help you

If you can use the biogas gnerated from anarobic digestion,I think anarobic digestion is better. Because anarobic digestion not only can provide the clearn energy of biogass and the manure, but also it can treat biomass and decrease the emission of greenhouse gas. But it may cause some kinds of risk, such as explosure,asphyxia.

Stunning permits relaxation of the animal tissues enhancing meat tenderness thus, maintaining the quality of the carcass as well as extending its shelf life

I am worked on some essential of some plant in Iraq. and I ready  for any co work with you 

Thanks 

There is a case of naturally acquired rabies infection in a bird species Gallus domesticus in India. 

Please see the paper:

Baby J, Mani RS, Abraham SS, Thankappan AT, Pillai PM, Anand AM, Madhusudana SN, Ramachandran J, Sreekumar S. Natural Rabies Infection in a Domestic Fowl (Gallus domesticus): A Report from India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Jul 22;9(7):e0003942. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003942.

Dear Anisur,

I found in my library one article with a note about (not open for access), may be guide you for others.

Andrey

thanks to all for your valuable inputs

Zika virus in companion or food animal status.

Zika virus is transmitted to people primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito (A. aegypti and A. albopictus). These are the same mosquitoes that spreaddengue and chikungunya viruses. At this time there have been no reports of other animals becoming sick with Zika or of being able to spread Zika to people or other animals.

·         At this time, animals do not appear to be involved in the spread of Zika virus.

·         There is no evidence that Zika virus is spread to people from contact with animals.

·         There have not been any reports of pets or other types of animals becoming sick with Zika virus. However, more research is needed to better understand Zika virus in animals.

Zika in animals

Zika virus was first discovered in a monkey with a mild fever in the Zika Forest of Uganda in the 1940s. Nonhuman primates (apes and monkeys) have shown the ability to become infected with Zika virus; but, only a few naturally and experimentally infected monkeys and apes have had any signs of illness at all, and then it was only a mild, transient fever without any other symptoms. A small number of monkeys were reported to have Zika virus in one study done in 2016 in an area of Brazil with high numbers of human illness. More research is needed to better understand the potential for monkeys and apes to be reservoirs for Zika virus. The prevalence of Zika virus in monkeys and other nonhuman primates is currently unknown.

There is also limited evidence from one study done in Indonesia in the late 1970s that horses, cows, carabaos (water buffaloes), goats, ducks, and bats could become infected with Zika, but there is no evidence that they develop disease or pose a risk for Zika virus transmission to humans. There have not been any reports of pets or other types of animals becoming sick with Zika virus

THE ZIKA VIRUS AND ANIMALS

March 16, 2016 by Ann Wade

Posted under News & Announcements

The alarm about the spread of Zika virus which was publicly unheard of in the United States a few months ago, has extended to pet owners in our state. The FVMA began receiving calls from members who sought guidance in responding to the concerns of their patients’ owners and caretakers.  As a result, we went looking for answers.  The below is information provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on its website.

 Zika Virus and Animals

How are animals involved in outbreaks of Zika virus?

At this time, animals do not appear to be involved in the spread of Zika virus. Zika virus was first discovered in a monkey with a mild fever in the Zika Forest of Uganda in the 1940s. However the prevalence of Zika virus in monkeys and other nonhuman primates is currently unknown. At this time there have been no reports of other animals becoming sick with Zika or of being able to spread Zika to people or other animals.

Can animals spread Zika virus?

There is no evidence that Zika virus is spread to people from contact with animals. Zika virus is transmitted to people primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito (A. aegypti and A. albopictus). These are the same mosquitoes that spread dengue and chikungunya viruses.

Hi Okunlola,

I do not know if cassava chip would be interesting for you. Check papers on cassava chip effects on milk production due to its content in malate (papers published in 2006and 2007 by Wanapat if I am not wrong).

In this sense, also the attached article could help you.

Regards.

No, its not possible. Need to re-diagnose the blood profile.

I am not sure. 

It is so important to set up choice and no-choice experiments. You can do that for example by providing he predator with eggs, larvae and pupae of the given pest, then keep the different stage of the pest with the predator for 1 day, then remove the predator and you can count the consumed eggs larvae and pupae to know if the predator has preference towards eggs, or larvae of pupae. In the no-choice experiment just keeps the predator with the eggs and here it is important to provide with different rate of predator: prey eggs to know if the predator will consume more eggs when the offered no. is high (predator-prey- density)

Kindly find my article below you will get benefit of it

Al-Zyoud, F. and C. Sengonca. 2004. Prey consumption preferences of Serangium parcesetosum Sicard (Col., Coccinellidae) for different prey stages, species and parasitized prey. Journal of Pest Science 77: 197-204.

Based on this study http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25155216 noise of an MRI scanning (up to 131 dB) "results in a significant reduction in frequency-specific cochlear function in dogs, although it is not known whether this is reversible or permanent"

This link might help you

Search the internet for further information!

Ammonia is used to make fertilizers, fibers, plastics and explosives. It is also used in cleaning products and food additives, so in addition to the faeces, it may be possible to find ammonia in the environment.

Dear Hujaz,

this review should be ok

BUFFALOES' REPRODUCTIVE AND PRODUCTIVE TRAITS AS  AFFECTED BY HEAT STRESS by  I.F.M. Marai * and A.A.M. Habeeb**

best regards

Martino

see also http://vaclavkouba.byl.cz.warnings.htm-

              http://vaclavkouba.byl.cz.colonization.htm

( http://vaclavkouba.byl.cz.Kouba.htm)

Soft scald: 53.35 ° C for 120 seconds; no damage to the cuticle, important in LA where pigment is required.

Hard Scalding: 62-64 ° C for 45 seconds, removing the pen is easier

Multistage scalding: In order to ensure food safety, is made from a dirty to a less dirty, in order to keep the bacterial load and increase performance low water. (Castañeda, 2009; Quintana et al, 2011 Avitecnia)

In industrial processes, is more or less standardized scalding from 3 to 3 ½ minutes at a temperature between 50 - 52 Celsius for yellow chicken (Cervantes, 2008)

Another: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?pid=S1692-35612011000100009&script=sci_arttext

Sorry for my english, but its clear to catch de general idea.

Best Regards

Also Known As: Color Mutant Alopecia

Transmission or Cause: This is a genetic defect affecting the way pigment is distributed in the hairs of affected dogs. Dogs with unusual haircoat coloration such as blue or fawn are affected. Abnormal pigment (melanin) clumping in the hairshafts and subsequent changes in light refraction are responsible for the unusual coloration, and in severely affected animals, excessive pigment clumping causes breakage of the hairshafts and abnormal or stunted hairgrowth.

Affected Animals: Dogs with blue or fawn haircoats. Doberman pinschers are often most severely affected, but it can occur in any breed. Color dilution alopecia does not occur in all dogs with blue or fawn coats, and the frequency varies within affected breeds.

Clinical signs: Hair breakage and hairloss in color dilute areas usually begins in late puppyhood or young adulthood and may progress to total hairloss over several years. The underlying skin is normal, but the hair follicles often become occluded with skin cells and fragments of broken hairs, leading to secondary bacterial skin infection/folliculitis. There is usually no itching unless secondary skin infection occurs, and there are no systemic signs of illness.

Diagnosis: It is necessary to rule out other causes of hairloss such as hormonal disorders or skin infections. Consideration of dog breed and coloration, demonstration of hairloss only in color dilute areas, and visualization of pigment clumping and hairshaft abnormalities when the hair is viewed under the microscope (trichogram) are all supportive of color dilution alopecia. Skin biopsy shows abnormal hairshafts and distorted hair follicles full of keratin and melanin.

Treatment: There is no cure for color dilution alopecia. Treatment is aimed at controlling secondary skin infections and avoidance of harsh grooming products and abrasive brushes which can worsen hair breakage. Mild shampoos containing sulfur and salicylic acid may be helpful in reducing follicular plugging. In some dogs, supplementation with oral melatonin or retinoids can be helpful to stimulate partial hairgrowth.

Prognosis: Although the prognosis for normal hairgrowth is poor, this is only a cosmetic disorder which does not interfere with an affected pet’s quality of life.

Prevention: Since this is a genetic disorder, prevention involves avoidance of breeding affected or carrier dogs.

In general, is unlikely that milk lactose increase or decrease in response to forage/concentrate ratio, mostly because lactose is a component closely related to water compound of milk. So, even if forage/concentrate ratio allow bacteria to produce more propionic acid, it will affect the amout of milk, far more than milk lactose.

Hi Lisa,

It is difficult to accurately determine human-sourced food given it is often totally digestible. Some items do show up, like wrappers, rubbish etc. that is a useful sign of human-sourced food being ingested. This can be used to show occurrence, which is the usual method used to quantify diet from a sample of scats. Non-prey items that dissolve are usually undetected given the sample preparation usually involves washing scats to leave bone, hair and other solid remains for identification. I have a contact who identifies dietary items in scats who may be able to assist. If you message me I'll forward her details

cheers

Matt

 Agree 100% you must go for histopathological tests. consider also the potentials of viral infection. 

yes, there are many pepers concerend . I evaluate the effect of using of probiotics on the productiive and economic efeciency of different breeds of broilers. I tested it from the economic benefit view. You can download my paper from my publications here.

Position and size of bursa in a day-old chicks is attached herewith for guidance.

From DR MA Qureshi USDA

Hi Vivi,

I am actually doing  a review of lameness detection/diagnosis tools/technologies at the moment. So far, as far as I have read in the literature, only the StepMatrix, and some pedometers and accelerometers as someone has mentioned, are commercially available. This is not to say there are not others, they have just not been demonstrated as such in the literature as being commercially available.

Vivi, I would be interested to read the report regarding farmers using technologies for lameness detection.

I hope this article helping you

  can you calculate fatty acid profile from chemical rations by predaction

Hi Libor,

Some useful data related to livestock water use as affected by animal species, ambient temperature and body weight can be found in the report given below which is available in the link provided.  This report discusses water use by different livestock in the context of Ontario (a province of Canada) climatic and livestock management conditions; however, may be useful for you research.

Wong A. (2013) Livestock Water Use and Future Water Needs

Good luck with your research.

-SJ

Once the professional organisation and the economic resources are fully adequate, the epidemiological unit of intervention should be defined. Whenever the collective prevalence (percentage of infected herd) in this unit be uniformly very low (always less than 1% of herds infected), a strategy based on a test and slaughter programme and a ban on vaccination could be applied to eradicate the disease in the short to medium term in that particular epidemiological unit. In the case where prevalence is uniformly moderate, a combined eradication programme based on the simultaneous application of vaccination in young replacements (3–6 months old animals) and a test and slaughter in adult animals could be recommended to eradicate the disease in the medium to long term. However, when the disease is highly prevalent (more than 5% of herds are infected), even though the professional organisation and the economic resources be fully adequate, the mass vaccination of all animals  involved in the epidemiological cycle is the only reasonable strategy that can be applied to control the disease. For success in the application of the last two strategies, the use of adequate vaccines and vaccination procedures is of paramount relevance.

During how many months the sheep is pregnant? 

Because its possible that the quality of food during this period could have some influence!

It is an interesting question. I think most farm animals are equipped with the mechanism that enable them to maintain their body temperature to ideal level by performing behavioral and physiological changes when subjected to variation in ambient temperature beyond thermo-neutral conditions. For example, chickens that are exposed to a few degrees (˚C) above or below thermo-neutral temperature will try to maintain their body temperature by increasing their body surface (Spread wing), shunt blood to body surface (Vasodilation); huddling together, vasoconstriction, and increased feed intake, respectively. Problems will arise when the ambient temperature reaches extreme conditions. I also believe that genes responsible for such behavioral and physiological changes will be up-regulated under such extreme conditions. Depending on the geographic area where the animal exists, anatomical changes such as hair/feather cover, skin thickness, etc. will be modified to adapt the existing condition. You are wright it is time to identify the genes that are up-regulated under adverse climatic conditions in native chickens that thrive very well under harsh temperature and incorporate into modern strain chickens which are also raised in tropical environment.

Martin Furr did a study on this topic. He is on Research Gate as well - so why not contact him?

Zearalenone produced by Fusarium spp is the main mycotoxin involved in vaginal (and rectal ) prolapses in pigs, even before sexual maturation. Uterine prolapses could have many other causes related to parturition, including fetal abnormalities produced by teratogenic agents, including viral infections like PRRS

It depends completely on the energy balance over time. Animals that are losing a large amount of stored body energy and protein for a function such as producing milk without having sufficient energy intake to meet that need will lose body condition score quickly. Mature animals that are not "growing" or "lactating" will lose body condition score slowly, even with restricted energy intake. Animals with a very high metabolic rate, such as humming birds, may live only a few day without adequate food intake because of loss of body energy. Some species, such as seals and certain bears, will store a lot of energy and then may go for months without consuming any food while their body condition declines naturally. So there is not easy rule to answer your question.

Histopathology and hormonal analysis will be done. The interesting question is the origin of this huge cyst? LH deficiency or other cause? what would be its fade?. The female camel had a history of long-standing anestrum.   

Would 13C not be a better option as you do not have to comply with regulations on use of radioactive materials? 

Hi gregory, 

nebulization with essential oils suspensions like eucalyptus, rosemary, thyme, and others. In vitro this oils has been demonstrated antibacterial and inflammatory activity. but in vivo this uses are not validated.

This is a very good research area.

Charles River. Would you be referring to animals that need tto be SPF or raised in a barrier?

Remember that the diameter of a wool fibre can change significantly depending on the relative humidity as wool fibres swell when they absorb moisture. That is why commercial wool testing laboratories measure fibre diameter after a period of 'conditioning' at 20 degrees celsius and 65% relative humidity. For consistent measurements it is important to ensure that the environment in which you are measuring the samples, does not vary too much in temperature or humidity - particularly if you are measuring a large number of samples over a period of days or weeks. If this is the case, it may be necessary to select a number of 'control' samples (n = 5) of various diameters and measure these at both the start and end of each day and use any changes over time to 'correct' your measurements for variation in environmental conditions.

Hi Iman

I think the important thing is to collect data on a cohort, or group of individuals all born in the same time period, it is better to start with egg stage but in some condition you can omit egg period. For example I had studied sub-lethal effects of Beauveria on life table parameters of Tetranychus urticae from larval stage because in most cases entomopathogenic fungi haven’t effect on egg stage; you can check it at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236165699_Sublethal_effects_of_Beauveria_bassiana_on_life_table_parameters_of_twospotted_spider_mite_Tetranychus_urticae_%28Acari_Tetranychidae%29

Firstly I'm not sure if we should expect tick paralysis in camels!

Secondly, only experimental infection of camels with already confirmed species (T. equi, B. cabali, T. mutans and T. annulata) can clear that whether camels are host of piroplasmids or just accidentally bitten by infected vectors. 

We have seasonal variations related to protein stability to ethanol yet no apparent cause of such problems. Mastitis and microbial counts may be involved. Nutritional factor such us low energy intake and diet mineral balaces have been pointed out as possible causes.  Ethanol stability  have been also related to ionic Ca in milk. Total Ca in milk is rather stable but ionic Ca varies related to the proportion of total Ca link to caseins. Concentrations of other ions in milc K, Mg, Na, Cl and fosfates are also important.

Some researcher also suggest that ethanol is no a good test for protein stability for the industry.

For details, what is theCuldoscopy? 

 Culdoscopy is a medical diagnostic procedure performed to examine the rectouterine pouch and pelvic viscera by the introduction of a culdoscope through the posterior vaginal wall.The word culdoscopy (and culdoscope) is derived from the phrase cul-de-sac, which means literally in French "bottom of a sac". More accurately, the name hints to a blind pouch or cavity in the female body that is closed at one end and, in a more specific sense, refers to therectouterine pouch (or called the pouch of Douglas).

Culdoscopy is an important gynecological diagnostic technique, is gaining wide acceptance. Culdoscopy is a type of vaginal sterilization procedure.[3] Its name is derived from the posterior cul-de-sac, a space behind the cervix where it is possible, under local anesthesia, to insert a small illuminated telescope through which one may inspect the pelvic organs, without having to resort to a major abdominal operation, as was formerly necessary. Conditions diagnosable by culdoscopy include tubal adhesions (causing sterility), ectopic pregnancy, salpingitis, and appendicitis.

"A major advantage of a culdoscopy is that there are no abdominal incisions. Culdoscopy tends to be reserved for obese patients or for women with a retroverted uterus. This transvaginal procedure involves a small incision made into vaginal wall. Research is showing that this method is safer than originally thought. Yet, a culdoscopy may be difficult to perform because it requires a woman to be in a knee-to-chest position while under local anesthesia. A culdoscopy takes about 15 to 30 minutes, and women are able to go home the same day. It may take a few days at home to recover. Sexual intercourse is usually postponed until the incision is completely healed, which usually requires several weeks, and there are no visible scars."

Thank you and good job Dr. Fatma, please give us the dimensions of the box and reference

I work in the zoo sector and it would be interesting if you could survey zoos in the AZA and/or EAZA about their policy on this because from the many zoos I am familiar with, I have never heard of zoos having a maximum threshold that they monitor. In the UK, the governing body DEFRA sure doesn't. I expect there to be a difference between North American and European zoos which could prove very interesting to analyse.

The best person I know of who could answer this question is Professor Gareth Bath, who developed the FAMACHA system.