Anesthesia - Science topic

Different Types of Pressure Control Valves Pressure-control valves are found in practically every pneumatic and hydraulic system. They help in a variety of functions, from keeping system pressures below a desired limit to maintaining a set pressure level in part of a circuit. Different types of pressure control valves include relief, reducing, sequ...

These are my comments on an article published in the magazine "New Scientist". (1) Its summary states, "Hartmut Neven, who leads Google's Quantum AI lab, wants to entangle our brains with quantum processors to test the idea that consciousness involves quantum phenomena". Relevant ideas in the article which are commented on are-1) Roger Penrose, in...

To explore the effect of targeted anesthesia nursing measures on emergence agitation (EA) in elderly patients who were anesthetized by general anesthesia. In this study, 186 cases of elderly patients admitted to Deyang People's Hospital for general anesthesia surgery from March 2022 to March 2024 were selected prospectively, and the 186 patients in...

Este artigo revisa a literatura recente sobre o impacto da Anestesia Total Intravenosa (TIVA) na recuperação pós-operatória de pacientes com doenças cardíacas. A seleção dos artigos foi realizada na base de dados PubMed, utilizando os termos “Total Intravenous Anesthesia”, “Cardiac Patients”, “Postoperative Recovery” e “Anesthetic Outcomes”. A revi...

Objectives To develop and validate a nomogram to predict severe postpartum hemorrhage following cesarean delivery. Methods This is a two‐center retrospective cohort study. Cesarean delivery patients from the First Affiliate Hospital of Jinan University were divided into a development cohort (n = 11 137) and an internal validation cohort (n = 4739)...

Introduction: Office hysteroscopy (OH) offers a “see and treat” strategy, enabling most gynecological conditions to be addressed outside the operating room without anesthesia. Despite its convenience, the associated pain and stress remain significant barriers to its widespread success among women. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interv...

Purpose of Review An increasing number of trauma patients are elderly. These patients present unique challenges due to their distinct physiological changes and injury patterns. This article aims to summarize recent literature on perioperative management of geriatric trauma patients for anesthesia providers. Recent Findings Ageing is a multisystem...

Anaphylaxisis a rapid-onset, potentially lifethreateningsystemichypersensitivityreaction, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 20,000 anesthetic administrations. Neuromuscularblocking agents (NMBAs), particularlyrocuronium and succinylcholine, are implicatedin 60–70% of anestheticanaphylaxis cases. Prompt recognition and intervention are critical in...

Dandy–Walker syndrome (DWS) is a rare congenital malformation with multiple anomalies. We report a patient with DWS with multiple anomalies who underwent abdominal pseudocyst excision. A 10‑year‑old male patient (height: 90 cm and weight: 23.5 kg) with DWS with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in situ was taken for excision of a cerebral spinal fluid a...

Este estudo descreveu o preparo do canal radicular com lima Lima Solla Collors rotatória em sessão única. Paciente do sexo masculino, 29 anos, sem histórico de doenças sistêmicas, procurou consultório particular para tratamento de canal. Clinicamente, existia cárie profunda e dor espontânea no dente 35, resposta positiva ao teste de sensibilidade p...

The formula-based estimation of the right internal jugular venous (IJV) catheterization depth can be inaccurate when using ultrasound guidance. External landmark-based and radiological landmark-based methods have been proposed as alternatives to estimate the insertion depth. This study aimed to evaluate these methods using transesophageal echocardi...

Introduction: Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into various medical fields, including anesthesia, to enhance decision-making, improve patient outcomes, and increase efficiency1–5. There are reasons to believe that, albeit generating impressive results, current generative AI models are less than perfect and will not...

The skills necessary to perform diagnostic perineural anesthesia in equids belongs to one of the Day One Competences of a veterinarian, so every veterinary graduate should be able to perform them correctly. For logistical, hygienic and ethical reasons, practical exercises on cadaver limbs are not accessible to all students. Two equine distal limb s...

Introduction: Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into various medical fields, including anesthesia, to enhance decision-making, improve patient outcomes, and increase efficiency 1-5. There are reasons to believe that, albeit generating impressive results, current generative AI models are less than perfect and will no...

Background Postoperative delirium (POD) is a serious complication of surgery associated with prolonged hospitalisation, long‐term cognitive decline, dementia and mortality. There is increasing evidence that electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring may reduce the incidence of POD, however, the best method for achieving this is unclear. Method This p...

Purpose of Review We examine what is known, what is new, and what is emerging in acute neurotrauma relevant to the anesthesiologist. Recent Findings Timely and goal-directed care is critical for all patients requiring urgent/emergent anesthesia care. Anesthesia care for acute neurological injury should incorporate understanding the evolution of tr...

Objective The objective of this study is to investigate bacterial proliferation within the internal circuits of anesthesia machines in post-anesthesia care units (PACUs) following the implementation of the new protocol, where ‘a single dedicated external circuit is used for each individual patient.’ This measure was introduced during the COVID-19 p...

Objective: This study aims to evaluate and identify the main preoperative risk factors affecting the timely discharge of day surgery patients, offering evidence to enhance preoperative assessments and minimize delayed discharge. Background: With the widespread adoption of day surgery in global healthcare systems, ensuring timely discharge of patien...

Background Literature regarding the advantages of HFNC in infants for ensuring oxygen supply after non-cardiac surgery is insufficient. The purpose of our study is to compare COT vs. HFNC on postoperative outcomes in infants undergoing non-cardiac surgery. We hypothesize that prophylactic use of HFNC after non-cardiac surgery in infants would reduc...

A apendicite aguda representa um desafio diagnóstico e terapêutico em gestantes, uma vez que os sinais e sintomas clássicos podem ser mascarados pelas alterações fisiológicas da gravidez. A demora no diagnóstico e tratamento pode levar a complicações graves, como peritonite e sepse, tanto para a mãe quanto para o feto. A avaliação cirúrgica, por su...

Cardiac surgery, both adult and pediatric, has developed very rapidly and impressively over the past 7 decades. Pediatric cardiac surgery, in particular, has revolutionized the management of babies born with congenital heart disease such that now most patients reach adult life and lead comfortable lives. However, these patients are at risk of cereb...

Breast lift and augmentation are often desired by the female patient to address ptotic breasts. Historically, this was performed with a staged mastopexy followed by augmentation at a later date. More recently, the two procedures have been found to be safely and effectively performed as a single stage procedure. This affords the patient a more cost...

Purpose of Review This review aims to analyse, reflect, and elucidate on the evolution, basic knowledge, current advancements, prospects, and hurdles of using artificial intelligence in monitoring the depth of anesthesia, an intricate process that is crucial for ensuring patient safety and comfort but is influenced by numerous unpredictable variabl...

A mensuração da pressão arterial sistêmica (PAS) é uma variável de suma importância na rotina clínica, obtida e mensurada conforme as diretrizes publicadas para cães e gatos. A técnica mais utilizada é a oscilométrica não invasiva e doppler vascular. Contudo a pressão arterial invasiva é o padrão ouro aceito para medição da pressão arterial sistêmi...

Purpose of Review Perioperative and intraoperative mechanical ventilation is a critical component of anesthesia and surgical management, aimed at maintaining adequate gas exchange and minimizing the risk of perioperative pulmonary complications. While preclinical studies may oversimplify certain aspects, they can also lead to innovative questions b...

Background: Many residents report a second victim response following near-miss events during their pediatric anesthesia rotation with consequences for their mental and physical wellbeing. This study investigated the impact of a Better Resident Wellness (BREW) initiative at our tertiary pediatric centre. Methods: We invited anesthesia residents to c...

Aim Verruca vulgaris is a common skin disease among children. Foreign object mimicking a wart is unusual. Methods A report of a 6-year-old boy with foreign object misdiagnosed as verruca vulgaris. Results Ultrasound was used to locate and mark the foreign object pre-operatively. Surface and infiltration anesthesia combination was used before remo...

Purpose of Review This review explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in enhancing geriatric anesthesia education, highlighting the need for a paradigm shift in training and supporting anesthesiologists in the era of digital transformation. Recent Findings AI and ML offer promising solutions for personalize...

At first, raw EEGs may seem like an unsolvable puzzle. But once you learn what to look for, the patterns become clear. In the top section of this post, you'll see examples of raw EEGs from two different patients (young vs. old). These examples show typical signals, such as eye blinks. We can see the appearance of alpha waves in occipital electrodes...

Abstarct Background The optimal positioned double-lumen endotracheal tubes (DLT) is crucial in thoracic surgery requiring lung isolation. This study aims to compare the accuracy and complication rates of DLT placement using videolaryngoscopy (VL) versus conventional direct laryngoscopy (DL). Methods This retrospective single-center study included...

Retroperitoneal robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (R-RALP) is the commonest urologic procedure performed in children, entailing retroperitoneal CO2 insufflation and lateral decubitus, whose effects on cardiopulmonary variables are poorly known. We, therefore, studied hemodynamic and respiratory changes due to CO2 insufflation and lateral de...

Background: Unplanned hospital admissions following surgical procedures are an important quality performance indicator, as they can reflect complications from anesthesia or surgery, in addition to communication issues within the healthcare team. Any patient who undergoes a surgical procedure under general anesthesia but has an unexpected hospital d...

It is crucial to determine the potential subgroups of sleep disturbances in patients undergoing elective surgery based on the importance of symptom clusters and individual characteristics in order to develop targeted symptom management plans. This study explored the potential categories of postoperative sleep disturbances in patients undergoing ele...

Background Ciprofol, a novel intravenous anesthetic derived from propofol, exhibits high lipophilicity. Its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics may vary across different body mass indices (BMI) categories, but data on its optimal dosing as well as its safety and efficacy during colonoscopy anesthesia in varying BMI groups are lacking. Objective...

El número de procedimientos que se realizan en las salas de radiología intervencionista aumenta constantemente, lo que hace que en muchos hospitales se haya destinado a diario varios anestesiólogos para sedar o anestesiar a estos pacientes. Nos encontramos bajo el marco de la anestesia fuera del área quirúrgica, donde no se podrá contar de manera i...

Background Standardized postgraduate medical education (PGME) in anesthesiology is not well-defined in China. Establishing a competency framework for postgraduate anesthesia training (PGAT) is essential for standardizing and enhancing the quality of training and patient care. Objectives This study aimed to develop a competency framework for PGAT i...

Accurate and continuous blood glucose monitoring is essential for effective diabetes management, yet traditional finger pricking methods are often inconvenient and painful. To address this issue, photoplethysmography (PPG) presents a promising non-invasive alternative for estimating blood glucose levels. In this study, we propose an innovative 1-se...

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of blood gas monitoring in anesthesia, focusing on various methods such as arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis, venous blood gas (VBG) analysis, and non-invasive monitoring techniques. The chapter discusses the importance of monitoring parameters like pH, PaCO2, and PaO2 during anesthesia to maintain res...

Gracias a los avances en medicina, cada vez nos encontramos ante cirugías más novedosas, que suponen un reto en todos los aspectos. Ante esta situación, presentamos un caso clínico de una cirugía infrecuente a la par que compleja, como es la hemipelvectomía. Nuestro objetivo es aportar una visión global y crítica sobre el manejo de estos pacientes,...

The rising use of anticoagulation in pregnancy highlights the need for consistent guidelines regarding the timing of its administration and prevalence of complications. This study aims to evaluate whether the conversion of patients from low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) to unfractionated heparin (UFH) at approximately 36 weeks of gestation result...

Neurological complications following subarachnoid block (SAB) anesthesia are rare and are terrifying for anesthesiologists. Here, we report a case of transient foot drop after cesarean section (CS) that resolved spontaneously with conservative management.

Bisspectral analysis (BIS®) may be the most used way to measure the depth of anesthesia. As a simple device, the monitor can show doctors values captured by a sensor attached to the patient's forehead. These values vary from zero (very deep anesthesia) to 100 (awake patient). Ideally, BIS® should be between 40 and 60 during general anesthesia, but...

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a minimally invasive surgery which most often is associated with post-operative pain. Pre-emptive administration of ketamine and diclofenac in combination reduces post-operative pain. Aims and Objectives: In patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effica...

Background In Japan, the escalating demand for anesthesia services has resulted in a shortage of anesthesiologists, presenting a societal challenge. Urgent measures involve the imperative task shifting to nurses. The perspectives of anesthesiologists on perianesthesia nurses (PANs) and the PAN system significantly influence the collaboration betwee...

Jet ventilation is a technique that permits gas delivery with low current volume using high velocity through a small diameter injector. It can be administered using different techniques. It is a prospective study carried out in the operating theater of the Mohamed V military training hospitalincluding patients who have undergone suspension laryngos...

For the year 2020, the pre-vaccination COVID-19 pandemic era, public use data of decedents as delineated and stratified by their occupations among the residents in India may not be available. Contrastingly, public use data of decedents as delineated and stratified by their occupations among the residents in the United States (U.S.) is available for...

The flexible and navigable suction ureteral access sheath (FANS-UAS) has increasingly been recognized as a potential game changer for retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). While this innovative technology has demonstrated promising results in adult populations, there is a notable lack of evidence regarding its application in pediatric cases, partic...

Objective: To assess the comparative effectiveness of Ultrasound and Motoyama formula for the calculation of endotracheal tube diameter in pediatric patients. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Department of Anesthesia Combined Military Hospital Quetta, Pakistan from May-Nov 2022. Method...

Introduction: Neuraxial anesthesia is commonly used during cesarean delivery and is preferred for its effectiveness and minimal risks. Accurate identification of the depth of the lumbar epidural space is crucial to ensure successful block and minimize complications. However, this can be challenging in pregnant women due to physiological changes tha...

Background: Perfect pain management is one of the most essential problems in anesthesia. Intravenous block isconsidered a simple anesthetic method to reduce extremity pain. This study is aimed to determine the effect ofproximal injection compared with distal injections to avoid the problems related to be in the vicinity of thesurgical field and mak...

Respiratory rate monitoring is essential especially for anesthetized animals in veterinary and biomedical research. Current methods often rely on invasive or wearable devices, which can stress animals, especially smaller ones like rodents. Here we present a non-invasive, environmentally integrated device that detects subtle breathing movements thro...

Good nursing care plays an important role in helping patients achieve optimal health. Clinical preceptors play a significant role in the learning process of prospective nurse anesthesia students. Qualified preceptors are equipped with knowledge and skills through special training. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of preceptorship train...

INTRODUCTION: In order to better designing of electronic health record system in Iran, integration of health information systems based on a common language must be done to interpret and exchange this information with this system is required. BACKGROUND: This study provides a conceptual model of radiology reporting system using unified modeling lang...

This study evaluated the safety and effects of propranolol as a premedication before cataract surgery and compared them with the usual combination doses of fentanyl and ketamine. Among all reffered patients to Feiz Hospital of Esfahan for cataract surgery, 122 patients between Mar to Sep 2010 were enrolled in this study and randomly allocated into...

A clínica cirúrgica está progredindo muito, principalmente em alguns se-tores como a angiologia, a qual se ocupa das doenças dos vasos. O aperfeiçoamento tecnológico das últimas décadas trouxe possibilidades de melhores diagnósticos e propiciou êxito no tratamento de muitos doentes antes considerados perdidos ou, como diz o leigo, desenganados. A a...

Background: Postoperative urinary retention-a common and important complication of surgical procedures, can occur after any form of surgical intervention, in both sexes and all ages regardless of patients' previous history of urinary problems. The importance of post operative urinary tract retention is due to its effect on development of post opera...

tidende Aktuelt fag · Sirkulerende konspirasjonsteori om tilsetning av grafen i odontologisk lokalanestesi hvordan grafen kan utnyttes kommersielt. Grafen har vist lovende muligheter for forbedring av legemidlers evne til opptak og distri-busjon i organismen. Grafens risiko for toksisitet er ikke fullstendig klarlagt (2), selv om det er gjort klini...

In the field of healthcare, ensuring patient safety is a critical priority that has garnered global recognition as a pressing public health concern. Despite notable progress in medical treatments and diagnostic technologies, patients continue to be at risk of adverse events and harm during the perioperative period. Anesthetists hold a pivotal posit...

Objetivo: Analisar como é prestada a assistência de enfermagem em recuperação pós-anestésica e conhecer quais os fatores implicados nesta assistência. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo e exploratório. A população esteve composta por equipes de enfermagem, atuantes nas unidades de centro cirúrgico de duas instituições hospitalares, localizadas no Noroeste...

Objectives To explore the effect of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and MCI with sleep disorders on the potency of sevoflurane anesthesia in the elderly. Design Prospective study methods. Dixon up-and-down methods. Setting Comprehensive public tertiary hospital, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, China. Participants 70 elderly patients scheduled for...

A anestesia obstétrica têm sua importância destacada pelo alívio álgico, além de amenizar os riscos de possíveis interferências que podem implicar a gestante durante o trabalho de parto. Destarte, em associação a outras práticas clínicas, observa-se uma maior segurança ofertada ao paciente, uma vez que as estratégias de cuidado e os planos de monit...

Micro-acoustic transmitters are becoming increasingly popular in fisheries management. This study examined the short-term effects of micro-transmitter surgical insertion on juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (mean (SE) initial weight=23.9 (1.8) g, length=124 (2) mm). One group of trout were anesthetized and surgically implanted with micro-a...

EEG monitoring during anesthesia or for diagnosing sleep disorders is a common standard. Different approaches for measuring the important information of this biosignal are used. The most often and efficient one for entropic parameters is permutation entropy as it can distinguish the vigilance states in the different settings. Due to high calculatio...

Introduction : When it comes to methods, drugs, strategies, and guidelines for selecting the best anesthesia, the primary concern of the anesthesia and critical care department staff remains selecting the anesthetic that poses the least risk to the patient's life. For individuals who repair hernias, spinal anesthesia is the most effective and commo...

Posisi pronasi dapat menimbulkan tantangan dalam manajemen anestesi, khususnya pada pasien pediatri. Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) adalah tumor pediatrik langka dan menimbulkan tantangan anestesi yang signifikan karena lokasi anatomi dan komplikasi yang terkait. Laporan kasus ini membahas manajemen anestesi pada seorang anak perempuan berusia tiga...

Positron emission tomography magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) is an advanced imaging modality that combines metabolic information obtained from PET with anatomical and functional details obtained from MRI. This hybrid imaging technique offers superior spatial and temporal resolutions, making it invaluable in clinical and research settings. This...

Objective This study retrospectively investigated the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine combined with propofol on postoperative delirium in older adults undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods The medical records of 82 older adults undergoing cardiac surgery admitted to two hospitals between August 2019 and August 2022 were analyzed. The p...

PDPH is a prominent and debilitating complication of neuraxial anesthesia, particularly in the parturient where it can significantly impair a mother’s ability to care for herself and her newborn, adding an emotional and logistical burden to the postpartum period. Despite significant advances in preventive measures, PDPH remains one of the most unpr...