Anatomy - Science topic

Vertebrate palaeoichnology often aims at the identification of the trackmaker by associating diagnostic features from the known taxa's skeletal anatomy with its inferred footprint morphology, but deep penetrative tracks and/or deep detached undertracks (DDU) are providing conflicting morphological/extra-morphological information, bringing into ques...

À partir de la question de savoir comment la science peut expliquer, ce texte pose la question à l’égard des formes d’enquêtes qui semblent inaptes à prédire. La question du modèle d’explication qui admettrait des données statistiques est ensuite confrontée aux idéaux rigoureusement prédictivistes et peut-être subrepticement déterministes. En discu...

Introduction to the Masticatory System and Dental Occlusion meets the need for a rigorous guide to the masticatory system and how it relates to dental occlusion to aid interventions. The text offers a sound understanding of functioning dental anatomy and the biomechanics that are essential to understanding dental occlusion. It covers all structures...

The presentation describes a method for fabrication of anterior class IV composite restoration.[1,2] The case presented here deals with direct restoration of fractured maxillary central incisors with composite resin using "Silicone Index Technique". [3-7]This method reduces the chair side time and provides superior control of restoration contours a...

This paper provides a comprehensive cross-linguistic overview of over-counting, whereby a target numeral is expressed by counting toward the next-higher multiple of the base. I identify three major morphological patterns in overcounting numerals: P-connector, V-connector and no overt connector. I then zoom in on the structure of overcounting numera...

Objectives: Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is a life-threatening condition that requires emergent surgical intervention. Numerous surgical approaches exist for ATAAD, and controversy remains regarding the optimal arch interventions for ATAAD patients. Aortic Arch Interventions: Approaches to ATAAD repair include hemiarch repair or extended...

Overview Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) gloves represent a transformative leap in diagnostic imaging, overcoming the constraints of traditional rigid MRI systems. By leveraging high-impedance coil technology, these gloves offer unprecedented flexibility and precision in imaging dynamic body parts like the hands during motion. Developed using inno...

Iliosacral screw osteosynthesis is a widely recognized technique for stabilizing unstable posterior pelvic ring injuries, offering notable advantages, including enhanced mechanical stability, minimal invasiveness, reduced blood loss, and lower infection rates. However, the procedure presents technical challenges due to the complex anatomy of the sa...

The current approach to fetal anomaly screening is based on biometric measurements derived from individually selected ultrasound images. In this paper, we introduce a paradigm shift that attains human-level performance in biometric measurement by aggregating automatically extracted biometrics from every frame across an entire scan, with no need for...

Lectures have always been the part of medical education, and the traditional method of teaching by chalk and board has been highly regarded for many educational levels. The chalk-and-board teaching system has been appreciated for creating an opportunity for direct and personal communication between teachers and students to engage with each other fa...

Middle ear and the tympanic membrane are complex structures. Anatomy is destroyed in cases with extensive inflammation. It is better to avoid middle ear surgical intervention in such cases until the inflammation subsides. Here, we present a 70-year-old immunocompromised male, who presented with foul-smelling discharge from the right ear and a painf...

Background Sexual self-care and quality of sexual life are critical factors in women’s health. These factors can also influence women’s fertility desire. This study aims to examine sexual self-care, quality of sexual life, and their relationship with fertility desire in women attending comprehensive health centers in Urmia. Methods This descriptiv...

Introduction: Non-odontogenic epithelial cysts are rare and are typically treated by enucleation. The choice of surgical approach is influenced by factors such as lesion size, location, and patient-specific anatomy. Observation: This case involves a 62-year-old male with a large (33 × 36 mm) maxillary epithelial cyst complicated by a history of cle...

Background Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, a complex three-dimensional spine deformity, presents a formidable challenge for orthopedic residents in understanding its anatomy and surgical strategies. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of three-dimensional printing (3DP) models in enhancing the comprehension of adolescent idiopathic...

Background The spinal intrathecal space, characterized by a complex three‐dimensional (3D) fluid‐filled geometry with varying levels of anatomic intricacy, plays a pivotal role in drug administration strategies targeting the central nervous system (CNS). Lumbar injections into this space represent a clinically used approach for delivering therapeut...

Introduction: Gastrointestinal Surgeons during dissection of infra-pancreatic portion of Superior Mesenteric Vein(SMV) encounter venous tributaries from head of pancreas, distal stomach and right colon draining separately or by forming Gastrocolic Trunk of Henle(GTH). Injury to these fragile veins may lead to profuse bleeding, increase operative-ti...

The palatal rugae or the rugae palatinae are anatomical formations seen inside the oral cavity, being an intrinsic feature of the hard palate region. The paper at hand investigates the anatomy, ontogeny and usability of palatal rugae for the forensic application. Given their specificity and variation between individuals, palatal rugae can be quite...

Background The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is the epicenter of both primary and concomitant molecular pathologies in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The intricate anatomy of the MTL has been the subject of extensive study over the past two centuries. However, current PET and MRI AD biomarkers use often crude parcellations of the MTL that have not been suf...

Background The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is the epicenter of both primary and concomitant molecular pathologies in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The intricate anatomy of the MTL has been the subject of extensive study over the past two centuries. However, current PET and MRI AD biomarkers use often crude parcellations of the MTL that have not been suf...

Introduction The clinical feasibility and applicability of surface landmarks for Baxter nerve entrapment to proximal and distal sites is unclear. This study provides anatomical guidelines for optimal transducer placement using two specific landmarks, the most inferior tip of the medial malleolus (A) and the most protruding posterior tip of the calc...

Anomalous origin of coronary arteries from the pulmonary artery (ACAPA) are rare but clinically significant condition with high mortality if left untreated. Even more rarely, ACAPA is associated with other congenital heart defects. From 1974 to 2024, 120 patients with anomalous coronary arteries connected to the pulmonary artery were retrospectivel...

Zusammenfassung Die thorakale endovaskuläre Aortenreparatur (TEVAR) ist die Standardtherapie für Pathologien im distalen Aortenbogen und der Aorta descendens. In bis zu 50 % der Fälle ist eine Landung in der Ischimaru-Zone 2 notwendig, um eine sichere Abdichtung zu erreichen, wobei die Perfusion der linken A. subclavia (LSA) erhalten bleiben sollte...

Background Periorbital aging is a complex phenomenon that involves multiple layers of facial anatomy, including bone, fat, and globe. While previous studies have predominantly focused on age-related changes in facial fat compartments, this research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of all periorbital components, including upper and lowe...

Compressed sensing MRI seeks to accelerate MRI acquisition processes by sampling fewer k-space measurements and then reconstructing the missing data algorithmically. The success of these approaches often relies on strong priors or learned statistical models. While recent diffusion model-based priors have shown great potential, previous methods typi...

Zusammenfassung Die universitäre Lehre befindet sich im Umbruch. Steigende Studierendenzahlen sowie die voranschreitende Digitalisierung des Alltags führen auch in der Lehre zur Erprobung verschiedenster neuer Lehr- und Lernformate. Dieser Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über Hintergründe und Ansätze, die genutzt werden, um anatomischen Unterricht unte...

The study investigates the impact of design parameters on the torsional stress behaviour of nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary endodontic instruments, focusing on optimising the structural performance under clinically relevant loading conditions. Using finite element analysis (FEA), five NiTi endodontic file designs with variations in cross-sectional ge...

The distal tibiofibular syndesmosis is crucial for ankle stability resisting diastasis and stabilizing against internal rotation and posterior fibular dislocation. Treatments for syndesmotic injuries include trans-syndesmotic screw or dynamic suture button fixation. In this technique, the torn posteroinferior tibiofibular ligament is reconstructed...

Objective The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA), has become the preferred alternative to traditional open and transoral approaches to the ventral craniovertebral junction (CVJ) region. However, preoperative prediction of the limitations of caudal reach remains challenging. This cadaveric study aimed to quantify the CVJ area of exposure and access...

Background White fiber dissection is a method in acquiring in-depth neuroanatomical understanding for surgical practice. Collection of brain specimen during autopsy and preparation of the brain specimen without any disruption in anatomy are essential steps as cadaveric brain dissection is an important part of neuroanatomical teaching, and it furthe...

Active recall, the act of recalling knowledge from memory, and games‐based learning, the use of games and game elements for learning, are well‐established as effective strategies for learning gross anatomy. An activity that applies both principles is Catch‐Phrase, a fast‐paced word guessing game. In Anatomy Catch‐Phrase, players must get their team...

Reducing MRI scan times can improve patient care and lower healthcare costs. Many acceleration methods are designed to reconstruct diagnostic-quality images from limited sets of acquired $\textit{k}$-space data. This task can be framed as a linear inverse problem (LIP), where, as a result of undersampling, the forward operator may become rank-defic...

The origin of birds from theropod dinosaurs, by any measures, is the most eyecatching evolutionary transition in the history of life, which encompasses numerous extensive morphological and biological changes. Compared to postcranium, little progress has been made regarding the evolutionary assemblage of the birds’ skull, because of few detailed ear...

Background/purpose This study aimed to describe the root canal morphology of primary molars using Micro-CT and analyse the three-dimensional images of the internal root canal system. Material and methods One hundred and twenty extracted primary molars with one or more completed roots were scanned with Micro-CT. Three fixed heights of the roots wer...

The intricate structural and functional architecture of the brain enables a wide range of cognitive processes ranging from perception and action to higher-order abstract thinking. Despite important progress, the relationship between the brain’s structural and functional properties is not yet fully established. In particular, the way the brain’s ana...

Elliptic Fourier Analysis, which has found wide usage in leaf morphology, entomology and paleontology, is a method of shape contour analysis. Due to their distinctive shapes, with their rectangular or rounded carina in the middle with two arms emerging from this carina in cross-section, Crocus leaves have characters that are used in systematic stud...

Perianal fistula is a common surgical condition characterized by an abnormal path between the anal canal and the perianal skin. Adequate treatment is challenging due to potential complications, such as fecal incontinence and fistula recurrence. Among the surgical techniques, conventional open fistulotomy and intersphincteric ligation of the fistulo...

Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery is a rare congenital heart defect. The detection of anomalous coronary arteries is likely to increase with increased availability and application of cardiac computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Once detected, the recommendation for surgical intervention on anomalous coronary arteries depen...

Over the recent few decades we have observed a new wave of methodological attempts for the revival of the concept of causality, especially the mechanismic understanding of causation in social sciences. Many social scientists, despite their major differences in significant theoretical and methodological issues, have jointly laid an increasing emphas...

This chapter displays the normal anatomy of the neonatal brain, using clear illustrations with corresponding legends.

The anatomy of the pelvis may obscure differences in pelvic tilt, potentially underestimating its correlation with clinical measures. Measuring the total sagittal range of pelvic movement can serve as a reliable indicator of pelvic function. This study assessed the inter-and intra-examiner reliability of the Kinovea ® version 0.9.5 and its agreemen...

Adequate intraoperative visualization is mandatory for implant application in pelvic ring injuries. Several fluoroscopic X-ray views are in practical use. The gold standard primary X-ray is the anteroposterior view of the pelvis. In addition to this view, oblique views for pelvic ring instabilities and acetabular fractures are well defined. Combina...

Nannorrhops H.Wendl., comprises two valid species distributed in Irano-Turanian and Saharo-Indian regions, respectively. In the present study, Nannorrhops baluchestanica Khodash., is newly recorded from Kulbar Koar area in Tehsil Tump of Kech district of Balochistan province of Pakistan. Epidermal, leaf segment and rachilla anatomy, palynological c...

Anatomy plays a key role in veterinary training, and alternatives to traditional teaching methods, such as game‐based learning and escape rooms, are emerging as innovative and effective methods. However, the effectiveness of these approaches, particularly in areas such as veterinary anatomy, remains under‐researched. The aim of this study was to ev...

Schinopsis marginata Engl. (Anacardiaceae) is a dominant native tree of the Chaco Serrano Forest of Argentina. The objectives were to characterize the morphology and anatomy of the fruit, seed and seedling, describe the morphology of the seedling in the nursery and establish relationships with the germination: water uptake and radicle emission. Mic...

Key innovations are traits that enable and/or facilitate the radiation of lineages often in association with the invasion of new adaptive zones. Despite their importance for understanding phenotypic macroevolutionary dynamics in megadiverse lineages, these traits are usually treated in isolation ignoring the context within organismal anatomy and po...

Purpose To investigate the relationship between spinal cord anatomy and the risk of curve progression in mild to moderate adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods We prospectively included patients presenting with mild or moderate AIS (< 40 degrees). Irrespective of curve severity, patients underwent 3-dimensional MRI and were followed until...

Purpose Posterior tibial slope (PTS) influences knee kinetics and kinematics. The purpose of this study was to investigate morphology and variation within a sample of the black and white male and female population. Method 480 randomly selected lateral knee radiographs were included. The anterior tibial cortex angle (ATC), proximal anatomical tibia...

Rhamphorhynchus is one of the best-known pterosaurs, with well over 100 specimens being held in public collections. Most of these represent juvenile animals, and the adults known are typically around 1 m in wingspan. Here we describe a near complete skeleton, preserved partially in 3D, of an animal with a wingspan of around 1.8 m, that is considera...

In breast-conserving surgery (BCS), clear resection margins are crucial to prevent recurrence. Accurate imaging is vital for precise BCS, with MRI being the most accurate. However, MRI has limitations in identifying the exact extent of breast cancer in patients who have undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). A 3D-Printed Breast Surgical Guide (...

Background: Biliary cannulation via balloon assisted-ERCP (BAE-ERCP) can be challenging. Patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) have amongst the lowest reported BAE-ERCP success rates when compared to other types of surgically altered anatomy. We explored the role of EUS-guided rendezvous (EUS-RV) as a rescue technique when BAE-ERCP fails. M...

Background This is a single-centre prospective observational study examining radial access in 62 Prostatic Artery Embolisation (PAE) procedures. Evaluation of left radial artery diameter using high frequency ultrasound before and after administration of sublingual glycerl trinitrate (GTN). Pre-procedure questionnaires calculating symptom severity s...

Pigs are important translational research models for wound healing due to their skin, which is similar to human skin in terms of anatomy and physiology. Porcine wound models have been developed and used for years to study wound healing and evaluate various therapeutic agents. However, the study of porcine wound healing is multilayered as it involve...

Understanding the middle hepatic vein (MHV) anatomy and its drainage is vital for liver surgery. This study looks at Contrast enhanced CT scans of 65 Sri Lankan patients. The MHV drainages were classified in to three types measuring, the MHV diameter, common trunk length and tributaries. There were 58.46% males. 61.53% Had Type B drainage. Median c...

A comprehensive extension of the ordinary 2-Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM), supplemented by vector-like quarks (VLQs), in the “alignment limit” is presented. In such a scenario, we study the possibility that large hadron collider (LHC) searches for VLQs can profile their nature too, i.e., whether they belong to a singlet, doublet, or triplet representa...

Anatomy teaching has been changing over the years, introducing technological methods especially after the pandemic period. An ongoing debate revolves around whether exclusive reliance on technology for anatomy classes, as opposed to traditional methods and face-to-face instruction, enhances knowledge acquisition. This study analyzed the knowledge p...

Alternative assessment approaches, such as pass/fail and feedback‐based designs, aim to reduce academic stress and foster deeper learning. Few studies have examined feedback‐based evaluation in formative settings in medical education, but none among graduate anatomy students. This exploratory study investigated the impact of feedback‐based versus q...

Diaphragm :Anatomy, Embryology , Congenital Anomalies . Hiatus Hernia ,Traumatic Diaphragmatic injuries and Surgical Management .

Purpose As digital education is encroaching on the traditional method, it is important to get, the feedback of medical students. The current study has been proposed to investigate the perception of first-year MBBS students, regarding the use of 3D atlas for gross anatomy study as adjunct along with cadaveric dissection. Methods The feedback of 91...

This study was conducted with a qualitative approach aimed at understanding individual perspectives, identifying and describing processes, and exploring limited research topics or backgrounds with detailed information. The background of this topic selection is to measure the level of sexual knowledge of adolescents in Medan and Tantang, analyze the...

Abstract The history of kidney and urologic disorders dates to the dawn of civilization. Throughout the history of medicine, urine, the first bodily fluid to be examined, has continuously been studied as a means of understanding inner bodily function. The purpose of this review was to appraise the contributions of the ancient Iranian physician pio...

A comprehensive understanding of root canal morphology, alongside an informed anticipation of potential anatomical variations, is essential for minimizing iatrogenic errors and achieving successful treatment outcomes. The morphology of the permanent maxillary first molar has been extensively investigated, with significant emphasis on variations s...

The anal region, which marks the end of the digestive system, possesses a complex anatomical arrangement. Surgeons dealing with this region must have thorough knowledge of its anatomy and the various forms of anal cancer that occur. Although anal cancers are rare, they are particularly prevalent among young males. The increasing incidence of anal c...

Stenosis pylorus adalah kondisi penyempitan pada bagian pylorus gaster yang menghambat pengosongan lambung ke usus. Penyakit ini lebih sering terjadi pada bayi dan jarang ditemukan pada orang dewasa. Pemeriksaan CT Scan abdomen dengan kontras merupakan modalitas efektif untuk menegakkan diagnosis stenosis pylorus karena mampu memberikan visualisasi...

A thorough understanding of root canal morphology is crucial for successful endodontic therapy. Variations in root canal anatomy, including differences in configuration and disposition, can significantly affect treatment outcomes, emphasizing the importance of population-specific investigations. Objectives: To assess and identify anatomical variati...

Background: Theory examinations are widely used to assess learning in medical education. However, a lack of Standardization of assessment leads to incomplete assessment. Blueprinting of question papers can be a crucial tool for the maintenance of validity and uniformity of assessment. Objective: The objective of the present study was to develop an...

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the structures, roots and canal numbers of mandibular anterior teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methodology: The study evaluated 4830 fully-developed mandibular anterior teeth from 953 CBCT scans. The final sample consisted of 515 scans of females and 438 scans from males, with ages ranging...

Myrtaceae merupakan famili yang dikenal memiliki ciri khas mengandung minyak atsiri yang antara lain bermanfaat sebagai antiinflamasi dan antibakteri. Myrtaceae yang ditemukan di Indonesia diketahui memiliki lebih dari 30 genera dengan variasi morfologis yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kekerabatan fenetik sembilan spesies berdasark...

Introduction. Morphometrics can quantify a trait of evolutionary significance and deduce something of their ontogeny or evolutionary relationships. The present study intends to establish the morphometric criterion of scapula in North Indians. This is of definite significance as bone morphology is known to be influenced by cultural, environmental an...

Background: Theory examinations are widely used to assess learning in medical education. However, a lack of Standardization of assessment leads to incomplete assessment. Blueprinting of question papers can be a crucial tool for the maintenance of validity and uniformity of assessment. Objective: The objective of the present study was to develop an...