Analytical Sociology - Science topic

The following articles could be useful for your institutional history of science thesis( for any help reach me: chriswriterswing@gmail.com

Thomas F. Gieryn's book "The Institutionalization of Science"

The process of institutionalization in science is examined in this article, along with how scientific knowledge is developed within certain structures and organizations.

Robert K. Merton, "The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations"

Merton's contributions to the sociology of science are fundamental, and his reflections on the standards and principles of science's community shed light on the institutional features of science.

George W. Stocking Jr., ed., "The Shaping of American Anthropology, 1883-1911: A Franz Boas Reader"

This collection of publications offers insights into the institutionalization of science in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, despite its anthropological orientation.

"Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society" written by Bruno Latour

In the field of science and technology studies, Latour's work is significant. This book sheds light on the institutional processes by examining science from an actor-network approach.

Thomas S. Kuhn, "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions"

The notion of paradigm shifts in science is first introduced in Kuhn's seminal work, which also offers insights into the transformative transformations that scientific communities experience throughout time.

Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar, "Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts"

This book provides a closer look at the institutional practices and interactions within scientific communities through a thorough ethnographic analysis of the daily activities in a scientific laboratory.

Steven Shapin's book "The Scientific Life: A Moral History of a Late Modern Vocation"

Shapin offers historical viewpoints on the institutionalization of scientific processes while examining the ethical and social facets of the scientific community.

Wiebe E. Bijker, Thomas P. Hughes, and Trevor Pinch, editors, "The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology"

This collection of essays offers insights into the social and institutional dimensions of the creation and acceptance of new scientific knowledge and technologies, despite its technology-focused orientation.

Queen Bweya Of course. Except new technology may soon cure intellectual disability.

A gay is a gay. In sake for human decency, the point would be: are we going to say "gay" to offend and / or discriminate, or merely to describe sexual orientation?

A methodological gap refers to a deficiency or inadequacy in the research methods or approach used in a particular study or field. Identifying a methodological gap involves recognizing a limitation or area for improvement in the methodology employed. Here are some steps to help you identify a methodological gap:

In my humble opinion , due to its accountability, a democratic government is superior than other types of governments. The quality of decisions is enhanced by democracy. A way to resolve conflicts and differences is provided by democracy. The dignity of citizens is increased by democracy.

Regards

Daniel Wright 8 athletes, different settings/outfits. n around 60 and question is basically just do attitudes towards male and female athletes differ within the particular sport’s community - the survey is only one part of the overall study, but the other parts aren’t relevant to the analysis of this bit.

Cluster analysis.

Police stations with digital capacities maintain e-record of daily reports. For instance city I live, city department used to post on it's website the daily record of the interactions including report numbers with the citizens.To my knowledge, police departments If they do not have digital capacity, they maintain a "register" (hard copy) ( FIR reports) of the daily interactions with the citizen. Any interaction that police officers do not include in the daily report means police officer interacted outside legal authority. Thanks and Regards, Prit Kaur

patently.

Just as the ocean is made of many droplets. sometimes we can be the change we wish to see.

Knowledge is a public good. They should have a free access.

Bishun Kumar

Interesting that in the film based on Hermann Hesse's novel, Siddhartha, it is a cobra which kills Siddhartha's beloved wife, though snakes were considered holy and wise in some versions of theology. Also interesting is that the Rod of Asclepius- Ράβδος του Ασκληπιού - emblem of healing for medicine is a snake (not to be confused with the caduceus which also has a positive connotation as the staff of Hermes). The myth of Tiresias has him changing genders when he strikes and wounds snakes as they are mating, and then switches back with the when he witnesses them again seven years later-- all this leading to him being blinded by Hera when he reports on which gender more enjoys sexual pleasure. Snakes were autochthonous- "sprung from the earth" - much as Athena sprang from Zeus's thigh. They had wisdom. Obviously also snakes and dragons as well as rats are somewhat revered or at least respected in Chinese astrology, since all 3 creatures have zodiacal years. The moral of all this may be that it is an ill wind that blows no good and that, as with humans, there are powerfully positive and negative individuals in all species. Cross-cultural influences shared by ancient Hindu, Greek and Egyptian mythology (Hermes Trismegistus) may have many antecedents in earlier Mesopotamian mythology as well- the caduceus may have originated with the Sumerian god Ningishzida, god of the underworld and the autochthonous vegetation which sprang.therefrom. By the way, lest anyone be under the delusion that I knew all this before I started writing, I owe huge thanks to Wikipedia for all but Hesse's novel and the myth of Tiresias. I confused the caduceus with the rod of Ascepius like many others in the USA, including health organizations who use the caduceus with its two snakes rather than the rod with its single snake and is entwined around a more primitive staff.

Interesting question Henrik. The trouble is that the term 'post-modernism', when used by people who are neither philosophers nor sociologists, has become an empty term used to deride critical social science. It reminds me a little bit of the way that the term 'Marxist' is now used by the American Centre-Right media to designate any politician with a strong redistributive platform - including people like Corbyn and Sanders, whose policies in no way propose to dismantle the Capitalist economy.

In a similar way, people like Jordan Peterson use "post-modernism" as a slur. Peterson's online lectures on the "damages" of postmodern academia clearly show that he does not really understand what the concept really means. He just throws Marxism, cultural Marxism, critical theory, structuralism, post-structuralism, and postmodernism, into the same bag.

I haven't read Bloom and I didn't quite understand in your previous post what he defines as post-modernism. I suppose that most detractors of so-called post-modernism object to one or more of the following broad approaches in social science (all of which have at best a loose connection with actual postmodernist philosophy):

1. The notion that contemporary societies are fundamentally shaped by, and continuously reproduce, dynamics of domination, exploitation and repression. Language is an important vehicle for this (see below).

2. The idea that people's behaviours, preferences and notions of what is True largely derive from deeply rooted narratives and linguistic structures that (mostly) unconsciously shape people's minds. These narratives and other linguistic structures are socially constructed - i.e. they do not reflect some fundamental truth of 'human nature'.

3. The idea that racism and other malevolent forms can inhere not just in individuals' consciousnesses, but also in institutional structures and collective representations that are ostensibly value-neutral.

4. Methodologically, the belief that knowledge about society is found through qualitative forms of social analysis, like for example discourse and narrative analysis, grounded theory, ethnography, etc. Social analysis relying on logical-positivism and mathematical inductivism are viewed with suspicion.

Now the funny thing is that Most/all of these elements existed in social science decades before postmodernism as a social theoretical movement came to the stage. I also suspect that real postmodernist thinkers would probably object to the first element in the above list, since postmodernism is at heart an approach to knowledge that questions any inherent connection between belief systems and the world as is. Be that as it may, the point I'd make here is that the "Leftist takeover" of some social science has little to do with the (mostly imagined) popularity of "post-modernism". Many social scientists are Left Wing not because they discovered postmodernism but for a variety of reasons.

LIkewise, I would question whether your colleagues in social psychology and Business studies manifest a "post-modernism"-inspired Lefty-ism. As a discipline social psychology remains firmly moored to logical-positivism and statistical inductivism. And similarly, I don't see how your Business studies colleagues could be Left-Wing. There's some good research on business school curricula and teaching that actually shows the opposite. Perhaps you meant to say that your colleagues are Left wing and/or influenced by postmodernism in a purely private capacity? This is definitely the case in economics - the discipline in and of itself is criticized by sociologists for being methodologically uncritical and right-wing; yet the majority of American Economists in the US are actually on the Left side of the political spectrum. See for example:

So I guess one would need to understand what you are concerned about more precisely.

- Is it the feeling that most social scientists (or specific disciplines therein) are politically Left-Wing?

- Is it the feeling that most social scientists are specifically 'postmodernist' Lefties?

- Is it the feeling that social sciences DISCIPLINES tend to reflect/defend Left-wing views of the world?

- Is it the feeling that social science DISCIPLINES tend to reflect so-called POSTMODERNIST epistemology?

More generally, methodological and epistemological pluralism is generally a good think, so to the extent that there is a "takeover" as you say, that's probably bad. That said, from what I see in sociology, which perhaps is the most "non conformist" discipline in the social sciences, the "take over" by "postmodernism" is far from reality. The top journals in the discipline mostly favour articles employing standard statistical methods. The arguments in such studies do not usually take serious account of narratives, hermeneutics and historicity - all of which would be amply found in so-called postmodernist research. What IS true, however, is that the vast majority of sociologists have Left-wing political views. And I'd guess that most research does seem to align itself with Left-wing concerns (e.g. women's rights, equality, racism research, migrant issues, etc). I'm not sure what the consequences are of this on the general state of the discipline. The damages I've seen have to do with the harshness of debates taking place between more radical social thinkers and their less radical (though still largely left-wing) colleagues. Perhaps the answer to your question is that politics and the media in most countries already give disproportionate space to Centre-Right and Right-wing thinking, without ever allowing serious discussion of more genuinely left-wing stances. Hence, the Left positioning of social sciences is kind of a corrective.

Lock down strategy difficult to implement because our people so disobedient.

We are luck, they closed the airport and banned public transport.

Maybe Uganda has low cases less than 60 cases due to those strategies.

"Every place on our planet affords its own unique experience ", Baatarzorig Batjargal

https://onartandaesthetics.com/2019/12/21/every-place-on-our-planet-affords-its-own-unique-cognitive-experience-baatarzorig-batjargal/

Dear Fred Amonya

Euler- Lagrange equation is one of the most important equations that provides an optimum solution of some integral functional equation. It raised in several applications. It is the most famous equation in the calculus of variation regardless of the advances in all branches of mathematics.

Algebra may show some numerical algorithms that help in solving the partial differential Euler Lagrange equation.

So, we can say algebra supports and not ignore such an elegant original equation.

Best regards

I have developed a new theory based on the Strauss-Howe generational theory, and the name is generational hormone theory. I've found a lot of statistical evidence to support the theory, which is that it's actually an 80-year generational hormone cycle. I know that this might sound strange, but check out the theory and tell me what you think: https://jannemiettinen.fi/FourthTurning/ (or attached PDF-file)

Religiosity is participation in religious activities or symbols of thereof; you can be religious without exhibiting it or without being a symbol of religiosity. Religiosity has given this world hates, while religious with faith in God and love for His creations is the way to love and peace.

My research was a phenomenological inquiry with similar themes. I created my own survey and research questions. Feel free to review the work. The Perceived Impact of Alternative Specialized Education Services on Former Teen Mothers. I used parameters established by Clark Moustakas when creating the tools. Hope this helps.

You need to precisely define the issue .That is, what is the problem for which you are seeking the solution/ answer. Secondly you must spell out the objectives of the study. Testing observing skills is too broad area to be explored in a single study. You need to specify which aspect of the observation skills you are going to investigate. In addition you need to specify the setting or context in which you will explore the intended area of the observation skills.

Dear Victor,

fs/QCA 2.5/3.0 often spits out "ERROR (Quine-McCluskey): The 1 Matrix is Empty" or "ERROR(Quine-McCluskey): The 1 Matrix Contains All Configurations".

The first error message is returned when all your output values are negative, i.e. when there is not a single row in the truth table which is accepted as being sufficient for the outcome. This happens when your consistency cut-off is higher than the consistency score of the best-performing row).

The seond error message is the opposite. It is returned when all your output values are positive, i.e. when there is not a single row in the truth table which is accepted as not being sufficient for the outcome. This happens when your consistency cut-off is lower than the consistency score of the worst-performing row).

Neither case is good of course. For QCA to work, you need at least one row that is negative and one row that is positive.

However, you will also notice that even though all of your rows are positive / negative, fs/QCA will still produce complex and intermediate solutions. This is only possible because, for producing these two solution types, fs/QCA adds artifical data to your data set through an algorithmic back door (if you want to know more about this process, let me know, it would lead too far here). In other words, these two solution types enlarge your data set without you noticing, and with some quite desastrous consequences (it can be shown that both solution types not only produce inferences beyond your data, but that these inferences are often leading you way off path).

I hope this helps.

Best wishes,

Alrik

Yes, it is one of the foundations of research

Best Regards Gh. Javan-Doloei

That certainly depends how you define consciousness. It has been convingly shown that human embryos can perceive pain (which certainly needs some kind of consciousness) at week 20 of prenatal life.

Kind regards, Fres

Social media invaded very aspect of our lives; is unavoidable for most people as it became one of their daily routine, and consumes a lot of time. I think that its effects on young people should be investigated with well designed methods, created for this purpose by experts in sociology, education, and psychology. This collaboration between them will lead to better assessment of positive and negative impacts on the development and sociological, educational and psychological factors.

Thank you everybody for the great information and support!

Hi Ruben - I like your considered response (and your considered 'Thinker' pose) and I can see this question potentially going around in philosophical circles. I love a philosophical debate. I was a huge fan of Jacques Derrida, as light reading, and then he became integral to my PhD some years ago. Then he became 'heavy reading'. I still have a soft spot for him - but I have a few scars that linger as well. Perhaps Nietzsche has done the same with you? Derrida would argue (at least through translation) that there is no truth. Everything we see and view is 'surface material' - call it print, media or anything else that we view. In essence, through 'deconstrutionism' (binary opposition), what we read and view is expressed between the lines of text; the 'true' interpretation of what authors wanted to say had they been free to do so. Is that the 'unquestionable truth' - or is their yet another level to be exposed between the lines of the lines? As you state - exciting stuff - but perhaps with some doubt...

Hi Shahzad,

According to my point of view, one of the most interesting author who discuss this notion/concept is the french sociologist Didier Fassin, who has work on health sociology.

You ca, for example, read  his article or his book :

FASSIN, Didier (2003). Le capital social, de la sociologie à l’épidémiologie

Analyse critique d’une migration transdisciplinaire", Revue d’épidémiologie et de santé publique, n° 51,  pp. 403-413

Fassin D. (1996). L’espace politique de la santé. Essai de généalogie. Paris

: Presses universitaires de France.

Both mobilized useful english writen bibliographies

Also, you could read, in english :

- Williams S. (1995) Theorizing class, health and lifestyles: can Bourdieu

help us? Sociol Health Illness, n°17: pp. 577-604.

- Berkman L.(1987) Assessing social networks and social support in epidemiologic studies, Revue Epidemiologique de Santé Publique,  n° 35: pp. 46-53

- Hawe P, Shiell A. (2000), Social capital and health promotion: a review.

Soc Sci Med,  n°51: pp. 871-885.

All the best,

Christophe

Yes, hiv-kq-18 

You may look for a validated scale developed by Gould (1990). 

Gould SJ (1990) Health consciousness and health behavior: the application of a new health consciousness scale. American journal of preventive medicine, Department of Marketing, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick 08903. 6(4): 228–237.

Here are some more articles that you may use to modify/adapt health consciousness scale.

Hope they help.

The consensus is that the best approach is a multidisciplinary treatment, to ensure that all dimensions of life in pain is reached. In Brazil where the public health system has a hierarchical structure and health needs are huge, the demand for the treatment of pain is greater than what the system can offer. The ideal scenario would be if these services could be offered in units located close to patients' homes. In a large country like ours and with so many difficulties, which I see as an insoluble problem, at least for now.

Dear Ms Bahman, you might like to have a look at some of my work. It is available here at Research Gate and also at academia.edu.

Best wishes

Too often we define police accountability in terms of corruption or use of force. However, social accountability is an interesting dynamic. It fits neatly with police procedural justice and police legitimacy. There is a growing body of research in this area that might assist you on your quest. 

I would like to support Lisa Aronson Fonte's Statement: One Major problem investigating in the correlation of prejudice and discrimination is that discrimination is a legal term whereas prejudice is not. And one should maybe Keep in mind that certain practices of discrimination generate benefits for those who discriminate. In consequence prejudice can serve as ex post legitimation for utlitarian action.

Thanks Thomas for your answer

It depends on what you want to do and what sort of analysis you want to perform. Take a look at this list I have compiled, you might find some of them useful for your purpose. This is the most complete list available on the web I think:

Check out the following links: 

1. http://www.jdrntruhs.org/article.asp?issn=2277-8632;year=2013;volume=2;issue=3;spage=201;epage=202;aulast=Dudala

2. http://www.ijrdh.com/files/2%20kuppuswamy.pdf

Let me know if there is an issue downloading or accessing it. 

To me Religion has no time bar or age bar .It is the circumstances which inspired human being to take recourse to a religion .

I feel if a person has not kept his eye on religion in the young age ,it becomes inconvenient for older generation to transform his life to religion .

As has been observed,older people after their retd & also their health problems they switch over to religion in order to pass their time .

Likert scaling assumes that distances on each item are equal. Five ordered response level seem to be the most common type.

Likert scales may be subject to distortion from several causes. For instance, respondents may avoid using extreme response categories (central tendency bias).

Designing a scale with balanced keying (an equal number of positive and negative statements) can obviate the problem of acquiescence bias. 

I have attached a few relevant ink which discuss the effect of Locus of control: 

For me, dear @Nelson the man in question is Fernand Contadin-Fernandel! :)

Hello Devra, drug is a general word. People may be addicted to legal

drugs like sugar causing sugar addiction which may lead to diabetes and

high blood pressure, nicotine where a withdrawal may lead to massive

weight gain, antidepressants like Prozac which may lead to a weight gain

of 20-30 kg within the first three month of intake. Also a legal drug may be

fast food combined with soda pops loaded with sugar which lead to depression

like symptoms caused by low BDNF which is crying for compensation with more

fast food as one of the self rewarding methods.

There are ways out of misery by changing food. But things with dopamine increase

are not so easy and may in my opinion only contribute a little.

Role conflict is a tension that occurs when a person is facing multiple roles having multiple statuses. It means that it occurs between two or more than two roles. For example RANA as a son visit his mother in hospital, he also wishes to go at his close-friend's marriage ceremony, same time he also confuses to join his lecture in B.Z University Multan or to go office for emergency task. While role strain is a tension that occurs when a person is facing a single role having multiple statuses. It means that it occurs with in a single role. For example a domestic mother is preparing breakfast for her kids and same time she wishes to press school uniform. This situation leads her toward role strain.

Thank you very much Melissa.I think it is also interesting that no 'male' scholar answered this question so far :)

There are some studies about gender and maths abilities.

Regards,

Joachim

@ Abhishek Sharma

To compare two groups in terms of a variable of your interest, you may collect the quantitative raw data of each group members then calculate the average (i.e.; the mean) for each group. The statistical analysis helps you decide whether the noticeable difference between the two average values is REAL and not due to CHANCE. That's why you need it inevitably.

Please, try out the online calculator below and get your statistical test calculated at a glance: http://www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/ttest1.cfm

The expected t test results would be either:

- [This difference is considered to be statistically significant] = Difference between the two groups is REAL, or

- [This difference is considered to be NOT statistically significant] = Difference between the two groups is due to CHANCE

A very nice guide is included in this website as well.

Good Luck