Anaesthetics - Science topic

Background: The so-called non-intubated or awake Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (NIVATS) is performed on spontaneously breathing patients, which was shown to reduce postoperative complications and shorten hospital stay. Case Description: Awake uniportal VATS was indicated for the evacuation of an extensive, superinfected hemothorax with sympt...

A variety of robot-assisted surgical systems have been proposed to improve the precision of eye surgery. Evaluation of these systems has typically relied on benchtop experiments with artificial or enucleated eyes. However, this does not properly account for the types of head motion that are common among patients undergoing eye surgery, which a clin...

Understanding the intricate synaptic connectivity in living neural circuits is crucial for unraveling the relationship between network structure and function, as well as its evolution during development, learning, and recovery from injury. However, current methodologies for identifying connected neurons in vivo suffer from limitations, particularly...

Ebstein’s anomaly is a rare congenital heart disease characterized by apical displacement of the Tricuspid valve leaflets leading to Tricuspid Regurgitation. Here we report the successful management of a case of a patient with Ebstein’s anomaly who underwent Defunctioning Tranverse Colostomy. Given the complexity of Ebstein's anomaly and the potent...

Propofol is a widely used intravenous anaesthetic that is known to cause distressing local pain at the site of injection. Ketamine pretreatment is one of the methods proposed to attenuate Propofol injection pain due to its local anaesthetic properties.The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of low dose (100 mcg/kg) I.V. Ketamine i...

Introduction: The management of severe COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (C-ARDS) often involves deep sedation. This study evaluated the efficacy of sevoflurane, a volatile anesthetic, as an alternative to traditional intravenous sedation in this patient population. Methods: This single-center, retrospective cohort study enrolled...

Insulinoma is a very rare tumour occurring in 1-4 persons per million per year. It is a functional endocrine tumour of the pancreas characterized by repeated attacks of hypoglycaemia presenting as adrenergic or neuroglycopenic symptoms. Surgical management of insulinoma is the mainstay of treatment which can be done by either laparoscopic or open a...

Caudal blocks have been recommended for surgical procedures mainly below umbilicus. Their use has increased in paediatric cases as they are easy to perform with low complication rates. There have been reports of this technique being performed as a sole anaesthetic in children who may not be a suitable candidate for general anaesthesia. This study w...

The anaesthetic management of paediatric patients with Patau syndrome presents unique challenges, particularly when combined with craniofacial and cardiac defects and limited airway resources. This case report highlights our experience in managing a syndromic child with a difficult airway in a resource-constrained environment. The inability to secu...

Morbidly obese parturient requires specialized anesthetic care for safe labour and delivery. Regional anesthesia is considered safer than general anesthesia for cesarean section in super morbid obese parturient. We present this case to discuss anesthetic challenges associated with regional anesthesia and our approach in successful management of ces...

Teodorico Borgognoni was born in Lucca in 1205 and was appointed bishop of Bitonto and Cervia in 1262 and 1270. Following his father, he learned the art of surgery and collected relevant recipes in his most important work, entitled Cyrurgia seu filia principis. Among the disciplines reported in this work, the most interesting and innovative is anes...

Objetivo: discutir as evidências científicas sobre a utilização da teleconsulta no pré-operatório para o contexto da cirurgia ambulatorial, proporcionando um preparo efetivo ao processo anestésico cirúrgico. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa com busca nas bases de dados eletrônicas Medline, Embase, Lilacs e Cinahl, a partir dos termos con...

The relationship between neurons’ input and spiking output is central to brain computation. Studies in vitro and in anesthetized animals suggest nonlinearities emerge in cells’ input-output (activation) functions as network activity increases, yet how neurons transform inputs in vivo has been unclear. Here, we characterize cortical principal neuron...

The insular cortex is believed to be involved in a wide range of auditory functions in the mammalian brain. We studied the organization and basic response properties of auditory neurons in insular cortex and adjacent areas by recording responses to sound stimuli in anesthetized rats. Auditory neurons were present in an insulo-parietal auditory fiel...

Understanding the intricate synaptic connectivity in living neural circuits is crucial for unraveling the relationship between network structure and function, as well as its evolution during development, learning, and recovery from injury. However, current methodologies for identifying connected neurons in vivo suffer from limitations, particularly...

Introdução: A técnica para o bloqueio anestésico do plano transverso do abdome (TAP Block) foi introduzida pela primeira vez em 2001 por Rafi para promover a analgesia da parede abdominal anterolateral. Esse bloqueio envolve os nervos intercostais T7- L1, subcostal, ilioinguinal e ílio-hipogástrico. Receptores de transplante renal são candidatos pa...

Resumen Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, cualitativa-cuantitativa, de cohorte transversal, aplicado en Hospital Universitario "Antonio Patricio de Alcalá", Cumaná, Estado Sucre, Venezuela. Objetivos: determinar los niveles de ansiedad preoperatoria mediante la escala de APAIS y EVA-A en pacientes adultos para cirugía electiva. Método: La muestra...

Ileo-colonoscopy is a vital diagnostic and therapeutic tool undertaken for evaluating and treating gastrointestinal tract pathologies in children and adolescents as well as adults. Proper visualization of the lower intestinal mucosa, completion of the procedure including terminal ileum/cecal intubation, detection of pathological lesions and therape...

The study was conducted to evaluate two anesthetic protocols in 12 clinical cases of dogs presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex, COVAS, Parbhani for elective surgeries. These cases were divided into two equal groups (n=6). In both groups, dogs were pre-medicated with inj. Xylazine @ 1 mg/kg intramuscularly and anaesthesia was induced with inj. T...

The influence of general anaesthetic agents on intra‐operative neurophysiological monitoring in neonates and infants has rarely been reported. Propofol‐based anaesthesia is recommended to avoid suppression of neurophysiological monitoring. However, the administration of propofol in children undergoing prolonged procedures, especially those younger...

We obtain an analytical solution for the time-optimal control problem in the induction phase of anesthesia. Our solution is shown to align numerically with the results obtained from the conventional shooting method. The induction phase of anesthesia relies on a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model proposed by Bailey and Haddad in 2005 to r...

Purpose: Limited research exists on translation of in-vitro glucose measurement interfering compounds to the in-vivo situation. We investigated whether Point-of-Care glucose measurements by Accu Chek Inform II (ACI II) were accurate to monitor glucose concentrations during surgery with general anesthesia by comparing with the reference laboratory...

We obtain an analytical solution for the time-optimal control problem in the induction phase of anesthesia. Our solution is shown to align numerically with the results obtained from the conventional shooting method. The induction phase of anesthesia relies on a pharmacoki-netic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model proposed by Bailey and Haddad in 2005 to...

Anesthetic techniques play an important role in the outcome of the therapeutic procedures in dentistry. Although inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) anesthesia is currently the most often used, there are situations that imply the need of an alternative anesthesia technique to overcome the potential risks and complications. The aim of the study was...

As cicatrizes resultantes das lesões de acne podem levar à problemas psicológicos e sociais. O objetivo de estudo foi relatar um caso de tratamento de cicatrizes de acne associando a hidroxiapatita de cálcio diluída e subcisão, à técnica de indução percutânea de colágeno com infusão de ativos com toxina botulínica e peelings - PROTOCOLL®, finalizad...

Managing a patient scheduled for congenital tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) repair is challenging for the anesthetist. If an appropriate ventilation strategy is not employed, serious complications such as hypoxemia, gastric distension, and pulmonary aspiration can occur. We present the case of a 2-day-old male child, suffering from an isolated TEF...

Super-resolution ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) is an emerging imaging modality that resolves capillary-scale microvasculature in deep tissues. However, existing preclinical ULM applications are largely constrained to anesthetized animals, introducing confounding vascular effects such as vasodilation and altered hemodynamics. As such, ULM...

Inhalation of a gas anesthetic produces rapid induction of anesthesia without the need for intravenous drugs. Although it is specifically useful for patients who are afraid of injections or if their intravenous access is difficult, single-breath induction may also allow patients to wake up more quickly than intravenous induction drugs. The object o...

Osteogenesis Imperfecta is a collagen disorder of autosomal dominant type caused by mutation of type COLIA-1 and COLIA-2 genes. Orthopaedic surgery in paediatric patient patients of OI is challenging mainly due to difficult airway and risk of malignant hyperthermia. Here we report, a paediatric case of OI with similar family history posted for radi...

Background: Levobupivacaine because of its longer duration of action and better safety profile has gained popularity in regional anaesthesia. Intrathecal opioids synergise with Local anaesthetics and potentiate subarachnoid block. We conducted this study with the primary aim to compare analgesic efficacy of two different doses of buprenorphine as a...

Sevoflurane, a common pediatric anesthetic, has been linked to neurodegeneration, raising safety concerns. This study explored N-acetylcysteine's protective potential against sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in rat hippocampi. Four groups were examined: Control: Received 6 hours of 3 l/min gas (air and 30% O2) and intraperitoneal saline. NAC: Rece...

Fast synaptic inhibition determines neuronal response properties in the mammalian brain and is mediated by chloride-permeable ionotropic GABA-A receptors (GABAARs). Despite their fundamental role, it is still not known how GABAARs signal in the intact brain. Here, we use in vivo gramicidin recordings to investigate synaptic GABAAR signaling in mous...

La anestesia libre de opioides (OFA, por sus siglas en inglés de “opioid-free anesthesia”) es una técnica usada en cirugía para evitar los efectos secundarios de los opioides, como son la incidencia de dolor crónico posoperatorio, tolerancia hemodinámica y efectos adversos graves relacionados con los mismos. La OFA es un método que evita el uso de...

Crop impaction in avian patients is a serious ailment needing quick and efficient treatment. Crop impaction happens when the crop, a unique organ in birds that stores and moistens food, becomes blocked, causing excruciating discomfort and sometimes dangerous complications. This brief study seeks to offer a thorough examination of surgical Ingluviot...

Aim: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) deformity is the most common type of craniofacial malformation and is usually corrected surgically in infancy. Anesthetic management of children undergoing CLP repair has many challenges. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effect of prognostic factors on perioperative complications in children with cleft pal...

Drug addiction is one of the major worldwide health problems, which will have serious adverse consequences on human health and significantly burden the social economy and public health. Drug abuse is more common in anesthesiologists than in the general population because of their easier access to controlled substances. Although opioids have been ge...

The most common complication in older surgical patients is postoperative delirium (POD). POD is associated with preoperative cognitive impairment and longer durations of intraoperative burst suppression (BSup) – electroencephalography (EEG) with repeated periods of suppression (very low-voltage brain activity). However, BSup has modest sensitivity...

A longitudinal, descriptive, prospective, and prolective study of individuals with endometrial or cervical cancer/pre-cancer diagnoses and high BMI (over 35 kg/m2) undergoing RH was conducted. Of the 53 participants recruited, 3 (6%) were converted to open surgery. The 50 RH participants had median BMI 42 kg/m2 (range 35 to 60): the range 35–39.9 k...

Background Previous studies have reported that transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation can significantly decrease the time to emergence from intraperitoneal ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia in rats. However, how transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation modulates neural activity in anaesthetized rats is unclear. Methods In this study, to answer...

Background: Early warning scores (EWSs) can be easily calculated from physiological indices; however, the extent to which intraoperative EWSs and the corresponding changes are associated with patient prognosis is unknown. In this study, we investigated whether EWS and the corresponding time-related changes are associated with patient outcomes duri...

Introduction Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a formidable complication that occurs with extremity long-bone fractures. Overall, the mortality of FES is estimated to be 10–36 % depending on the severity of the injury. Early detection of complications, selection of optimal methods for fracture fixation and for anesthesia that would prevent FES are ess...

Propofol is one of the most used intravenous anesthetic agents, which is widely used in clinical anesthesia induction and maintenance of pediatric patients. Exposure of the developing brain to propofol has been reported to lead to adverse brain changes, which in turn can induce persistent behavioral abnormalities in adulthood. However, the mechanis...

Seventeen severe postburn neck contractures were released under local infiltration anaesthesia and intravenous ketamine and split skin grafted. This anaesthetic technique obviates the need for endotracheal intubation which is difficult in such patients. Anaesthesia was sufficient for the procedure, blood loss was minimal and there was no graft loss...

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has brought about advancements in several areas, including anesthesiology. A description of the current state of the literature regarding the use of AI in relation to anesthesiology is needed to analyze whether AI is implemented in clinical anesthetic practice. AI and machine learning (ML) have been proven t...

Purpose: This research aimed to assess the underlying cause behind the in vitro acaricidal impact of proparacaine HCl on Demodex Folliculorum. Methods: In accordance with Gao's suggestion we epilated a total of 8 eyelashes 4 from the lower and 4 from the upper eyelid of a patient who applied for blepharitis symptoms to the ophthalmology clinic. We...

Case presentation A 15 years old boy twisted his knee when playing football without contact with another player. X Rays provided only in the lateral view avulsion of the tibial tuberosity. As an additional diagnostic, the CT examination revealed a completely dislocated mediolateral tibial plateau fracture with joint involvement The fractures were...

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el tiempo de inducción y de recuperación de Dormitator. latifrons mantenidos en agua dulce y salobre, expuestos a cuatro dosis de eugenol. Un total de 240 organismos fueron transferidos individualmente a un acuario con 15 L de agua dulce (0 UPS) o agua salobre (20 UPS) con la dosis de eugenol de cada tratamiento...

Objective: Analyze the prevalence of mandibular accessory foramina and canals using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methodology: 136 mandibles divided into 10 predetermined areas were analyzed through CBCT looking for accessory foramina and canals. The Chi-square and Wilcoxon tests were used. Results: We found 1.316 accessory foramina, which...

Key Clinical Message Airway management in patients with maxillary carcinoma presents unique challenges. To ensure safety, a tailored and collaborative approach is essential. This is a case where anesthetic plan of awake fiberoptic oral endotracheal intubation was chosen.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a traumatic that often leads to death due to untreatable cerebral hypoxia, indicated by oxygen saturation of <90%. Cerebral hypoxia is rarely monitored and thereby often overlooked as a cause of mortality and monitoring oxygen saturation is an accurate method to detect the condition. Propofol, an anesthetic agent, is...

In the three‐compartment model of lung ventilation‐perfusion heterogeneity (VA/Q scatter), both Bohr dead space and shunt equations require values for central “ideal” compartment O 2 and CO 2 partial pressures. However, the ideal alveolar gas equation most accurately calculates mixed (ideal and alveolar dead space) PAO 2 . A novel “modal” definitio...

Accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain is an important link in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Experimental studies show that Aβ can cause the dopaminergic dysfunction that is characteristic of this disease, and under Aβ influence not only the decrease but also the increase in phasic dopamine release is possible, depending on the stru...

Objetivos: Identificar agente causal de POH, para evitar reexposición y valorar uso de alternativa de tratamiento. Métodos: Se describen 10 casos de POH inmediata, en todos antecedente de procedimientos quirúrgicos previos, realizándose protocolo de 3 pasos: 1°documentar registro quirúrgico para identificar exposiciones, 2° realización de pruebas c...

Aim To analyse the success of a quality improvement project (QIP) performed to improve emergency laparotomy outcomes in a tertiary hospital between NELA Year 7 and Year 8 (12/2019-11/2021). Methods NELA Year 7 results were presented at local meetings; following multi-disciplinary involvement, a PDSA cycle was initiated. A dedicated NELA team was e...

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever o caso de um potro da raça Quarto de Milha, com 9 meses de idade e pesando 166 kg, atendido pelo setor de clínica médica e cirúrgica de grandes animais do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Paraná para correção de uma fenda palatina. Como medicação pré-anestésica, fez-se o uso de xilazina...

Purpose Neurosensory disturbance (NSD) may occur following the inferior alveolar nerve blocks (IANBs).The study aims to investigate whether there is a difference in the prevalence of NSD) between patients who received lidocaine 2% and those who received articaine 4% during IANBs. Materials and Methods This is a double-blind, randomized clinical tr...

Formalin is a hazardous chemical that needs careful handling and special storage. It is generally used in dentistry because of its disinfectant and fixative properties. Negligence on part of the dental professionals by accidentally injecting formalin rather than the original anesthetic can lead to internal tissue damage and also may induce a life t...

A fundamental property of sensory systems is their ability to detect novel stimuli in the environment. The auditory brain contains neurons that decrease their response to repetitive sounds but that increase their firing rate to novel or deviant stimuli; the difference between both responses is known as stimulus-specific adaptation or neuronal misma...

Background This study investigated the relationship between intraoperative requirement for an inhalational anesthetic (sevoflurane) or an opioid (remifentanil) and postoperative analgesic consumption. Methods The study included 200 adult patients undergoing elective laparoscopic colectomy. In the sevoflurane group, the effect-site concentration of...

Purpose Pain is one of the most difficult variables to quantify in the pediatric population, besides being the most determinant parameter of the length of stay in a post-anesthetic recovery room. The aim of this study is to characterize the most determinant variables in postoperative pain in our pediatric population. Methods An observational cross...

Accurately predicting anesthetic effects is essential for target-controlled infusion systems. The traditional (PK-PD) models for Bispectral index (BIS) prediction require manual selection of model parameters, which can be challenging in clinical settings. Recently proposed deep learning methods can only capture general trends and may not predict ab...

Günümüzde Avrupa Birliği (EU), Amerikan Test ve Malzeme Kurumu (ASTM), Uluslararası Standardizasyon Teşkilatı (ISO), Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü (OECD) gibi pek çok kuruluş; bazı kimyasal maddelerin, ilaçların gerek çevreye, gerekse canlılara olan etkilerini invivo koşullarda araştırılması amacıyla Daphnia magna adı verilen sucul omurgası...

Remimazolam has advantages such as hemodynamic stability and rapid onset. We investigated the effects of induction doses on hemodynamics and recovery profiles for remimazolam compared to propofol in older patients. Sixty-nine patients aged >65 years were randomly assigned to either the propofol anesthesia group (P group) or the remimazolam anesthes...

Ciprofol (HSK 3486, C14H20O), a novel 2,6-disubstituted phenol derivative similar to propofol, is a new type of intravenous general anaesthetic. We found that the exhaled ciprofol concentration could be measured online by ultraviolet time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UV-TOFMS), which could be used to predict the plasma concentration and anaesthetic...

Objetivo: Identificar os principais fatores de risco que estão relacionados ao desenvolvimento de LP em pacientes COVID-19 em UTI. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa com abordagem quali-quantitativa, realizado entre 14 de fevereiro de 2023 a 01 de março de 2023, utilizando as seguintes bases de dados: BVS, LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO,...

Os Cuidados Paliativos surgem como uma filosofia humanitária de cuidar de doentes terminais, aliviando a sua dor e sofrimento. Esses cuidados preveem a atuação de uma equipe interdisciplinar, onde cada profissional, reconhecendo os limites de sua atuação contribuirá para que o paciente, em estado terminal, tenha dignidade em sua morte. Especificame...

Poster

Introduction The potential adverse effects of prolonged exposure to anesthetics in pediatric patients with severe‐to‐profound sensorineural hearing loss remain unclear. This study aimed to examine whether early bilateral cochlear implantation involving long‐duration anesthetic exposure caused greater developmental impairment than that with unilater...