Amino Acids - Science topic

The development of precise and controllable chemical modification tools for peptides and proteins represents a great challenge in elucidating their structure–activity relationships and regulatory mechanisms, as well as a powerful driver for advancing macromolecular therapeutic strategies. However, current technologies predominantly rely on irrevers...

Azo-schiff base lig and prepared by other obvious studies but we use special amine compound amino acid lysine, bath of azo and schiff base were characterized by FT-IR and H1NMR spectroscopy to notice the different resulting from condensation reaction [Co (AHDB)2] +2,[ Co (AHDB)2] +2 and [ Ni (AHDB)2] +2 complexes with a two molecules of bidentate l...

Medical Journalism is an interdisciplinary field that communicates healthcare information to audiences through various forms of media including print, electronic, and its integration in novels. This article highlights on Red Madness: How a Medical Mystery Changed What We Eat by Gail Jarrow, which chronicles the history of Pellagra and its connectio...

We present a novel and convenient strategy for accessing 2,5‐diketopiperazine (DKPs) derivatives to determine the absolute configuration at the α‐position of α‐amino acids using NMR. This approach stemmed from insights gained during solid‐phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) studies for cyclic peptide‐based drug discovery. Contrary to the traditional vie...

Here we present a study on amino acid composition, codon usage bias (CUB), and levels of selection driving codon usage in Sordariales fungi. We found that GC ending codons are used more often than AT ending codons in all Sordariales genomes, but the strength of CUB differs amongst families. The families Podosporaceae and Sordariaceae contain relati...

To improve the flexibility and security of image encryption, in this paper, a novel Hénon Nonlinear Coupled Mapping Lattice (HNCML) for spatiotemporal chaos is proposed. The HNCML system provides a secure keystream and expands the key space. First, by introducing the Hénon map, the system alleviates the periodicity phenomenon caused by the nonlinea...

The second retrosynthesis of lacosamide, a drug used in the treatment of epilepsy, is presented. It is noteworthy that, unlike the first retrosynthesis, this one identifies ethyl acrylate as the starting material instead of the amino acid R-serine. @drugsynthesisretrosynthesis, @sintesisdefarmacos

Therapeutic peptides, as a unique form of medication composed of orderly arranged sequences of amino acids, are valued for their high affinity, specificity, low immunogenicity, and economical production costs. Currently, more than 100 peptides have already secured market approval. Over 150 are actively undergoing clinical trials, while an additiona...

ADPr is a crucial modification that regulates various cellular processes. Its complexity stems from the diverse chemical linkages it can form, including connections to various amino acids and nucleic acid components. ADPr can manifest as single ADP-ribose unit or as chains and can also form hybrid modifications. Here we focus on the remarkable vers...

الإنفلونزا هي مرض تنفسي معدي يسببه فيروس الإنفلونزا، وهو قضية صحية عامة عالمية مستمرة وهامة. يظهر هذا العدوى تصاعداً متكرراً خلال فصول معينة وفي بعض الأحيان تفشيات واسعة المدى. تمت الموافقة على عدد من الأدوية واللقاحات وتوصي بها لعلاج هذه العدوى. أوزيلتاميفير هو دواء معتمد من قبل إدارة الغذاء والدواء الأمريكية لعلاج الإنفلونزا، حيث يعمل عن طريق تثب...

Protein glycosylation is one of the most abundant and complex post-translational modifications, necessitating many different approaches to fully understand the biological effects. Investigation using synthetic glycopeptides is limited by the...

Generative machine learning models have begun to transform protein engineering, yet no principled framework for conditioning on auxiliary information in a plug-and-play manner exists; one may want to iteratively incorporate experimental feedback, or make use of an existing classifier -- such as for predicting enzyme commission number -- in order to...

The ability to precisely control gene expression is fundamental to studying biological processes. Using site-specific recombinases such as Cre or FLP, gene expression can be controlled, albeit with limited spatiotemporal precision, dictated by the expression profile of the promoters used to drive them. Here we develop a photocaged FLP recombinase w...

Mass spectrometry is one of the most effective analytical methods for unknown compound identification. By comparing observed m/z spectra with a database of experimentally determined spectra, this process identifies compound(s) in any given sample. Unknown sample identification is thus limited to whatever has been experimentally determined. To addre...

Hepatitis B is a serious infectious disease that threatens the health of all mankind. In this study, we isolated and extracted hydroxytyrosol from Lindernia ruellioides with anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity. The structure of hydroxytyrosol was identified by the nuclear magnetic resonance technique. HepG2.2.15 cell models were used to detect th...

The quantitative determination of enzyme kinetic parameters traditionally relies on experimental methods that are both time-intensive and costly. Machine learning models have demonstrated significant potential for predicting enzyme kinetic parameters in recent years. Despite this promise, these methods face challenges, including limited training da...

SARS-CoV-2 remains a severe threat to worldwide public health, particularly as the virus continues to evolve and diversify into variants of concern (VOCs). Among these VOCs, Omicron variants exhibit unique phenotypic traits, such as immune evasion, transmissibility, and severity, due to numerous spike protein mutations and the rapid subvariant evol...

The design of artificial enzymes represents a transformative advancement in biocatalysis, enabling the creation of bespoke biocatalysts for nonnatural reactions. A key innovation in this field is the introduction of unnatural catalytic residues through site‐specific chemical modification, which significantly expands the chemical repertoire of natur...

Aquaculture is heading to be one of the major suppliers of protein sources for human consumption. Therefore, improving the quality of the feed for growing aquaculture is very important. The detection of feed in aquatic system is a major concern which impacts on their intake, growth, cost effectives and ultimately the profit of the farmer. Hence, a...

The development of site-specific dual-payload antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represents a potential advancement in targeted cancer therapy, enabling the simultaneous delivery of two distinct drugs into the same cancer cells to overcome payload resistance and enhance therapeutic efficacy. Here, we examine various methodologies for achieving site-sp...

Establishing an efficient method for the synthesis of disulfide bonds in peptides is an important challenge for the further development of several research fields, including peptide‐based medicinal chemistry and biochemistry. Herein, we report the development of a novel highly water‐soluble 3‐nitro‐2‐pyridine (Npy) sulfenate that efficiently forms...

This review highlights recent advances in CO 2 capture using amino acids and its hydrogenation via homogeneous metal catalysts. The key findings are discussed, and challenges toward efficient, selective and robust integrated processes are highlighted.

We have investigated the effect of amino acid environment on the nucleobase-centered anionic shape resonances in RNA by employing uracil as a model system. Uracil-glycine complexes have been used to model the RNA-protein interactions, and with glycine to model the proximity of amino acid residues to RNA nucleobases. The resonance positions and widt...

Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the top ten economically most important plant viruses and responsible for major yield losses. We previously suggested the involvement of the N terminal region of potato virus Y coat protein (CP) in PVY spread. By constructing different PVY N terminal deletion mutants, we here show that deletions of 40 or more amino ac...

De novo design of peptide shapes is of great interest in biomolecular science since the local peptide shapes formed by a short peptide chain in the proteins are often key to biological activities. Here, we show that the de novo design of peptide shapes with sub-nanometer conformational control can be realized using peptides consisting of N-methyl-l...

El uso de bioestimulantes ha sido una estrategia agrícola para mejorar el rendimiento y la calidad de los cultivos. Estos productos pueden ser una alternativa sostenible que se alinea con las prácticas agrícolas ecológicas, promoviendo el aumento de la productividad y minimizando el impacto ambiental. Este estudio consistió en evaluar el efecto de...

Background: This study used electroencephalography (EEG) to measure brain wave activity to investigate the physiological impact of L-theanine, an amino acid found naturally in green tea, on a state of relaxation.

This study investigates the impact of varying operational pressures and the mixture of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) and L-Phenylalanine as hydrate promoters in gas hydrate-based desalination. Experiments were conducted at pressures ranging from 20 to 40 bar, with different concentrations of SDS and L-Phenylalanine to evaluate their effects on hydr...

Designing artificial metal binding sites within a protein is challenging since amino acid residues need to be placed in desired positions in the final construct and the use of non‐natural amino acids is difficult. The alternative approach of directing the insertion of artificial metal coordination systems presents the difficulty of grafting such si...

Protein language models (pLMs) can predict mutation effects by computing log-likelihood ratios between mutant and wild-type amino acids, but larger models do not always perform better. We found that the performance of ESM2 peaks when the predicted perplexity for a given protein falls within the range of 3–6. Models that yield excessively high or lo...

This report explores how obelisk RNAs, their Oblin proteins, and synthetic derivatives could be harnessed as novel oral therapies via the buccal (oral mucosal) route. We discuss potential therapeutic strategies, including immune modulation, microbiome modulation, anti-inflammatory and regenerative medicine applications, and the mechanisms and chall...

Analysis of amino acid and clybio treatments on growth performance and yield of yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata. sesquipedalis) ABSTRACT An experiment was accomplished in the Horticulture Farm, Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, from April to July 2022 to study the effect of amino acid and clybio application...

Aldehyde dehydrogenases participate in many biochemical pathways, either by degrading organic substrates via organic acids or by producing reactive aldehyde intermediates in many biosynthetic pathways, and are becoming increasingly important for constructing synthetic metabolic pathways. Although they consist of simple and highly conserved basic st...

Background l-Cysteine is a proteinogenic amino acid of high pharmaceutical and industrial interest. However, the fermentation process for l-cysteine production is faced with multiple obstacles, like the toxicity of l-cysteine for the cells, the low carbon yield of the product, and the low selectivity of the l-cysteine exporter. In previous work, in...

The development of drugs with the ability to increase differentiation and reduce tumor malignancy is one of the promising directions in the treatment of breast cancer (BC). As such, Human Leukemia Differentiation Factor (HLDF), a protein consisting of 54 amino acids and contributing to an increase in the degree of differentiation of invasive ductal...

AMOTL1 encodes angiomotin-like protein 1, an actin-binding protein that regulates cell polarity, adhesion, and migration. The role of AMOTL1 in human disease is equivocal. We report a large cohort of individuals harboring heterozygous AMOTL1 variants and define a core phenotype of orofacial clefting, congenital heart disease, tall stature, auricula...

Peptides are natural information‐bearing mediums and are promising for high‐density data storage. However, conventional mapping of one amino acid (AA) to one binary code has limited the improvement of coding density by increasing the total number of different AAs. Here, a novel composite mapping strategy is developed, where each position in the pep...

AlphaFold-Multimer models protein complexes and facilitates protein-protein interaction (PPI) prediction. Mapping of protein interaction domains and motifs onto the 3D structure can lend credence to the model and provide insight into the function of a given interaction. Furthermore, limiting structure prediction to only the domains and motifs that...

The characteristics of protein pockets can better capture the interaction information between proteins and small molecules, thereby improving the performance of drug-target interaction (DTI) prediction tasks. However, pocket data typically need to be predicted using software such as AlphaFold, which would entail a massive workload for datasets rang...

The pro-inflammatory immune response plays an important role in protecting the body from pathogens and tumors. In this study, we were able to identify three peptides of the innate immunity protein PGLYRP1 (Tag7) that could regulate the activity of the TREM-1 receptor. TREM-1 receptor activation on monocytes triggers the appearance of antitumor lymp...

A unified electrochemical decarboxylative strategy for the site‐selective construction of carbon‐heteroatom bonds is disclosed herein. The metal‐ and catalyst‐free decarboxylation provides access to the functionalization of C‐ and N‐terminus from the simple amino acid feedstock. A wide variety of primary, secondary, and tertiary acids or alcohols w...

One potential association that is gaining increasing attention is the link between multiple sclerosis (MS) and migraine, which are suggested to frequently coexist in young patients. This is the first study to analyze the levels of multiple markers of oxidative stress in sociodemographically similar groups of patients with migraine, MS, and both MS...

Motivation Recent advancements in protein structure prediction methods have vastly increased the size of databases of protein structures, necessitating fast methods for protein structure comparison. Search methods that find structurally similar proteins can be applied to find remote homologs, study the functional relationships among proteins, and a...

In grasses, almost all species belong to two evenly sized clades (BOP and PACMAD), yet the >20 independent origins of C4 photosynthesis in this family only occur in the PACMAD lineage. Here, we identify potential genetic precursors for C4 photosynthesis that were present at the base of the PACMAD clade, representing the last common ancestor of all...

The world population is predicted to surpass 10 billion by the year 2050, intensifying the burden on environmental resources and escalating the demand for food consumption. The increase in the aquaculture industry, at an average of 5.70% is attractive and crucial to the rising need for fish protein due to the valuable amino acids and its affordabil...

Adsorption of aminoacids (AAs) onto Ag and Au surfaces has attracted much interest during the past years, owing to their ability to control and tune the structure of Ag and...

Identifying regulatory relationships between transcription factors (TFs) and genes is essential to understand diverse biological phenomena related to gene expression. Recently, deep learning-based models to predict TFs that bind to genes from nucleotide sequences of the target genes have been developed, yet these models are trained to predict known...

Language models have emerged as powerful predictors of the viability of biological sequences. During training these models learn the rules of the grammar obeyed by sequences of amino acids or nucleotides. Once trained, these models can take a sequence as input and produce a likelihood score as an output; a higher likelihood implies adherence to the...

Oenococcus oeni β-glucosidase can significantly improve food flavor, but its catalytic activity and stability performance need to be enhanced. In this study, the two dominant mutants III and IV were obtained by site-directed mutation of key amino acid residues in the catalytic pocket of Oenococcus oeni β-glucosidase. Compared with the wild-type enz...

Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in long-term persistent infections is hypothesised to be a major source of variants of concern (VOC). However, determination of viral subpopulations by linkage of intra-host variants into haplotypes has been limited by commonly used genomic sequencing techniques. We developed a sequencing and analysis methods for identifying...

The predisposition of amino acids towards accepting the appropriate secondary structure form is ambiguous. The identified sequences (6–12 aa in length – ChSeq data base) of the chameleon type (the same sequence accepting different secondary structures) constitute a puzzle that makes it difficult to indicate the initial conformation in a chain with...

Theanine, a unique non-protein amino acid, is specifically accumulated in tea plants during winter. This study explored the theanine accumulation patterns in ‘Longjing 43’ and ‘Huangjinya’ under different N supply conditions and analyzed the expression of genes involved in theanine biosynthesis during winter dormancy. We found that the two tea plan...

Predicting drug-target affinity is crucial in the field of drug discovery. To further improve the accuracy of predictions, this paper proposes a drug-target affinity prediction model, GRAM-DTA, based on graph representation and attention fusion mechanisms. The model represents the input features of drugs and targets as graph data and utilizes deep...

Proteinogenic amino acids the primary monomers to form proteins on Earth have been found successively in extraterrestrial areas over decades. It was reported that the detection of amino acids can be both ex situ and in situ. The discovery of proteinogenic amino acids from space may date back to the history of the solar system and is suggestive of a...

amino acids, steroisomerism, polypeptides

Any comparison of the environmental impacts of different food items should be based on their functionality, such as providing nutrients and energy. In this study, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach was developed for quantifying the Global Warming Potential of different protein sources. This approach is based system expansion, which, according t...

Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) are a diverse and ecologically important group found in benthic marine habitats across all latitudes and depths. We developed a phylogeny of sea cucumbers by applying transcriptome and genome data from 37 Holothuroidea species representing 7 orders and 13 families, including 16 transcriptomic datasets ge...

Nanobiopolymer as an antibacterial

Using nanobiopolymers to treat Acinetobacter baumannii

Common sense tells us that biological systems are goal-directed, and yet the concept remains philosophically problematic. We propose a novel characterization of goal-directed activities as a basis for hypothesizing about and investigating explanatory mechanisms. We focus on survival goals such as providing adequate nutrition to body tissues, highli...

Background The Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) group recently reported PET-based response assessment criteria for diffuse gliomas (PET RANO 1.0). The objective of this study was to evaluate the methodological application of these criteria for the amino acid [¹⁸F]-FDOPA radiotracer. Patients with confirmed glioma who underwent at least...

Understanding the functions and evolution of specificity‐determining residues is essential for improving strategies to predict and design enzyme functions. Whether the function of an amino acid residue is retained during evolution depends on intramolecular epistasis, which occurs when the same residue contributes to different phenotypes in differen...

Cell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS) is extensively applied in biotechnological research. Unlike the lysate‐based CFPS system, the alternative purified cell‐free system, protein synthesis using recombinant elements (PURE), has garnered a great attention due to its controllability and flexibility of adjusting individual component for in vitro transcri...

We present a method that quantifies nearly all pairwise amino acid substitutions, revealing the rates and spectra of mistranslation per amino acid and per codon. While determining error rates is illuminating, understanding why certain mistranslation events are enriched requires further exploration, particularly in relation to the translation-accura...

Objectives Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a well-known healthcare-associated diarrheal disease. Fidaxomicin, a key antibiotic used to treat CDI, targets rpoB . However, some clinical isolates have mutations in rpoB , which reduces their susceptibility to this antibiotic. In this study, the effects of rpoB mutations on the virulence of...

The isoelectric point (pI) of an antibody is known to affect its non-specific interactions and repulsive self-interactions. However, analytical outcomes for the pI of a large number of therapeutic antibodies remain unexplored. In this study, we explored the pI and net charge of variable heavy (VH), variable light (VL), CDR (complementarity determin...

To mitigate global climate change, the development of membranes with high CO2 permeability and selectivity is urgently needed. Here, a simple and effective non‐solvent‐induced microstructure rearrangement (MSR) technique is proposed to enhance the gas separation performance of Pebax 2533 membranes. By immersing Pebax 2533 membranes in amino acid sa...

A robotic platform was employed to search the synthetic conditions for the assembly Molybdenum Blue (MB) polyoxometalates a large chemical space that included concentrations of reactants including amino acid ligands,...

This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the synthesis of 3-substituted indoles, highlighting various catalytic methodologies employed to improve the reaction efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability. This article discusses base-catalyzed methods, amino acid catalysts, Brønsted acid catalysts, and Lewis acids and their...

Introduction Biallelic loss-of-function variants in the SLC13A5 (solute carrier family 13, member 5) gene are responsible for autosomal recessive developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 25 with amelogenesis imperfecta (DEE25). Until now, no pathogenic variants of SLC13A5 has been reported among the Chinese population. Methods A Chinese Han pedi...

The problem of storing large amounts of information safely for a long period of time has become essential. One of the most promising new data storage mediums are the polymer-based data storage systems, like the DNA-storage system. These storage systems are highly durable and they consume very little energy to store the data. When information is ret...

Generative protein language models (PLMs) are powerful tools for designing proteins purpose-built to solve problems in medicine, agriculture, and industrial processes. Recent work has trained ever larger language models, but there has been little systematic study of the optimal training distributions and the influence of model scale on the sequence...

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a rare genetic condition that affects children, adolescents, and adults. Studies have shown that genetic changes in the HNF1A gene are associated with MODY-3. However, most of the causative variants and the molecular mechanisms remain underexplored. This study aims to better understand MODY-3 by invest...

Peptide 3 is an 18‐amino acid linear peptide binding with sub‐micromolar affinity to the inflammation marker calprotectin. Its application in point‐of‐care diagnostic assays has shown promising results, yet improving its affinity for calprotectin could facilitate the development of sensitive and robust assays. Herein, a detailed structure–activity...

The genus Pleurastrosarcina with its two species P. brevispinosa and P. terriformae was exclusively found in arid soils. Despite the huge efforts using metabarcoding approaches, Pleurastrosarcina has not been reported and only a few cultures are available in public culture collections. This genus is very difficult to identify solely by morphology e...

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are characterized by a lack of defined secondary and tertiary structures, and are thus well-suited for descriptions within polymer theory. However, the intrinsic heterogeneity of proteins, stemming from their diverse amino acid building blocks, introduces local variations in chain stiffness, which can impact...

Natural CRISPR-Cas9 systems provide a rich resource for developing genome editing tools with diverse properties, including genome size, protospacer preference, and PAM specificity. In this study, we screened a panel of 11 Cas9 nucleases orthologous to CjCas9 using a GFP activation assay and identified seven active nucleases. Among these, Cj4Cas9 em...

Premise Specialized metabolites serve various roles for plants and humans. Unlike core metabolites, specialized metabolites are restricted to certain plant lineages; thus, in addition to their ecological functions, specialized metabolites can serve as diagnostic markers of plant lineages. Methods We investigated the phylogenetic distribution of pl...

Unnatural amino acids play a crucial role in advancing protein engineering and drug development. In this study, we present the synthesis of a series of γ‐aryl‐keto‐α‐amino acids through the direct C−H arylation of readily accessible β‐aminoaldehydes and aryl bromides, promoted by hydrogen atom transfer combined with metallaphotoredox catalysis. Thi...

Transcription Factors (TFs) are proteins crucial for regulating gene expression. Effective regulation requires the TFs to rapidly bind to their correct target, enabling the cell to respond efficiently to stimuli such as nutrient availability or the presence of toxins. However, the search process is hindered by slow diffusive movement and the presen...

Protein kinase CK2 (casein kinase 2) mainly exists as heterotetrameric holoenzyme with two catalytic subunits (CK2α or CK2α′) bound to a homodimer of non-catalytic subunits (CK2β). With CSNK2A1 and CSNK2A2 , the human genome contains two paralogs encoding catalytic CK2 subunits. Both gene products, called CK2α and CK2α′, strongly interact with CK2β...

The current form of life on Earth is the outcome of a series of biochemical events that led to the formation of early life with a specific molecular composition encoding its many functions. However, other trajectories of events with widely different outcomes could have led to alternative forms of life with different compositions. Although these "ro...

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite. Currently, the effective drugs for the treatment of toxoplasmosis are mainly pyrimethamine and sulfonamide, but these drugs have high toxicity and side effects, so the search for new and effective drug targets is urgent. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are certain chemical...