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Alternative and Novel Energy Sources - Science topic

Alternative and Novel Energy Sources are alternative energy generation, usage, storage, business potential and environmental impact
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What are the differences in the origins and development of the currently developing 2022 energy crisis compared to the energy crisis of the 1970s?
Increase in the price of fossil fuels (in the 1970s mainly oil). Rising inflation, rising interest rates, economic crisis, economic recession, rising unemployment. Creation of new technological solutions, energy innovations, which can significantly reduce the level of consumption of energy raw materials in power generation, the level of fuel combustion in motor vehicle engines, etc. So looking at the energy crisis of the 1970s and the current energy crisis, you can see many parallels. And what were the key differences apart from the fact that in the 1970s the accelerating process of global warming was not yet noticed, the onset of the climate crisis was overlooked or deliberately ignored.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:
What are the differences in the genesis and development of the currently developing 2022 energy crisis compared to the energy crisis of the 1970s?
What is your opinion on this subject?
Please reply,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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The current crises (economic) is caused mainly by political/geopolitical (local, regional and international conflicts) crisis. I would say it has to some extent “artificial“ nature. That’s why it’s so hard to predict how it might develop.
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In the context of rising energy prices and the current energy crisis, how can the state, as part of a frugal energy policy, encourage and/or motivate citizens to manage the heating of their homes sensibly?
In my country, 25 million citizens are using district heating in their flats and houses (flats in multi-family buildings, housing estates, houses in the city heated by district heating plants).
Many people overheat their flats. The thermostats are set too high or, when there are no thermostats and the radiators are hot, instead of turning down the radiator some people open the windows and most of the heat escapes into the atmosphere outside the flat.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:
In the context of rising energy prices and the current energy crisis, how can the state, as part of a frugal energy policy, encourage and/or motivate citizens to manage their home heating sensibly?
What is your opinion on this topic?
Please reply,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Hi Dariusz,
Make them pay more for consumption:
1. Double the cost of first, say, 5kWh per day
2. Triple the cost of second 5kWh per day
3. Quadruple the costs of third 5 kWh per day, and so on... make it very steep.
Encourage them to implement energy efficiency measures providing low/no interest loans or make the expenditures tax deductible.
Last but not least, EDUCATE the general population on how they can reduce the energy consumption (for example by using induction stoves as opposed to cooking on electric stoves, advantages of inverter washing machines/fridges, pressure cookers, the list goes on and on...) and also address some misconceptions or even misinformation that exists...
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With the help of which technologies can a commercial hydrogen production system and bank be created for the development of hydrogen energy?
Hydrogen production companies are to be set up in the European Union and a European hydrogen bank is to be established. This is necessary in view of the need to develop hydrogen energy. The development of hydrogen energy is one of the best solutions for a pro-climate and pro-environmental transformation of the energy sector and for increasing energy security, increasing the scale of energy self-sufficiency and reducing the scale of future, successive energy crises. Hydrogen power is one of the key types of emission-free energy sources. Consequently, the development of hydrogen energy is an excellent solution to carry out a pro-environmental transformation of energy, to develop green energy, to reduce CO2 emissions, to counteract the progressive process of global warming, to reduce the scale of the negative effects of a future global climate catastrophe that may still occur in this 21st century.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:
With the help of which technologies can a hydrogen bank system be created for the development of hydrogen energy?
What do you think about this topic?
Please reply,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Warm regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Certainly, hydrogen is the fuel of the future, and water is its almost unlimited source. However, I don't think one can safely store large amounts of hydrogen. Transporting it in liquid form is also not safe. But alternatives can still be methane, methanol and DME where there is not enough solar energy available.
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*Application Info for NWU Intl Students Silk Road Scholarship
Northwest University
International Students Silk Road Scholarship
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Excellent Ph.D
International Candidates
Application Period
now till 10th April 2019.
About NWU
▶A global university, founded in 1902, accepting international students since 1965
▶Located at the starting point of the ancient Silk Road---Xi'an, Shaanxi Province
▶Chinese National "211 Project" University
▶Top 50 in mainland China
▶85 undergraduate programs, 189 master programs, 109 doctoral programs
▶Geology, Chemistry, Material Science and Engineering rank top 1% in ESI Data Base
▶Praised as "the Mother of Chinese Petroleum Engineering" "the Cradle of Economists " and "the Cradle of Writers"
■ ■■■■
*Application Eligibilities
Non-Chinese Ph.D candidates;
Hold master degree or above, aged below 45.
Average score above 75% during master study period.
Applicants should graduate from International well-known universities (Both Undergraduate and Master Level). Scientific invention patent holders or applicants who had published papers in world known papers or magazines are highly preferred.
Prerequisite Language Requirements:
>For Chinese Taught Programs, HSK 5 Certificate or above
> For English Taught Programs, TOEFL 60 or above; IELTS 5.5 or above (Except applicants from native English countries)
*Scholarship Coverage
Tuition waiver
Free on-campus dormitory accommodation
Monthly Allowance: ¥3500RMB per person/per month
Comprehensive Medical Insurance and Protection Scheme for Intl Students in Chinaition
Application Materials
1. Application Form for Foreign Students to NWU with signature
2. Copy of Passport Photopage
3. Notarized highest diploma
4. Academic transcripts
5. A Study Plan or Research Proposal in Chinese or English with a minimum of 800 words
6. Two recommendation letters in Chinese or English from professors or associate professors
7. Foreigner Physical Examination Form (photocopy)
8. The copy of valid Language Certificate
9. Acceptance letter of NWU supervisor (Students hold acceptance letter will be highly preferred)
10. Notarized Non-criminal Record (Mother language and notarized Chinese translations, please contact to tonwu@nwu.edu.cn for more information)
11.The relative invention patents or published academic papers
12. Material Science, Material Eng., Material Chem., etc. related student is welcome.
: Documents in languages other than Chinese or English must be attached with notarized Chinese or English translations. Applicants should submit TWO sets of bound documents toNWU.No application documents will be returned.
*Application Procedure
1.Contact a supervisor of NWU for acceptance letter
2.Complete online application at http://nwu.17gz.org, print and sign the
Application Form for Foreign Students to NWU
3.Email all the clear E-documents to tonwu@nwu.edu.cn
4.Once approved, please post all paper documents to NWU
■ ■■■■
*Contact
Telephone: 0086-29-88302373 0086-29-88302918
Fax: 0086-29—88303511
Admission website: http://cice.nwu.edu.cn
Postal Add:
No.142 Mailbox,Intl Students Admissions
School of Intl Cultural Exchanges,
No. 229 North Taibai Avenue,
Taibai Campus, Northwest University,
Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
Postcode: 710069
*Willing to be my stmudent, contact me at:
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Pakistan
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Unfortunately, more and more data and research centers scientifically confirms that progressively progressing global warming has become a fact. First and foremost, human activity influences this. The impact of natural factors is significant, however, the progress of civilization, industrial development, greenhouse gas emissions in the past few decades has increased significantly and continues to grow. The biggest problem may be the inability to reverse this process even if all of the industry, energy and transport are now switching to renewable energy sources.
In view of the above, the current question is: Is it possible that man with the help of modern RES energy technology would stop the greenhouse effect on Earth?
Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.
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I am sceptical about the role of whether humans have actually the power to control the greenhouse effect on Earth, since neither RES nor greenhouse gases are humankind creations. Of course -in the context of the future development of (human) civilization- the anthropocentric technologies (in general, no necessarily the RES-technologies), carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions, they can play a decisive role, but these actions are of definite power. The natural elements cycle and the environmental carrying capacity can be proven the most deterministic.
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I'm working on counter electrode for DSSC application, i would like to know if the CoSe can be doped with a MXene like Ti3C2Tx.
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Dear Lokesh Murali please see this useful article entitled MXene supported CoxAy (A = OH, P, Se) electrocatalysts for overall water splitting: unveiling the role of anions in intrinsic activity and stability
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What would be the possibilities, advantages and limitations of using direct current (DC) in home electrical systems?
Currently, commercial power systems and corresponding charges are arranged for the use of electricity in alternating current (AC), this because the technological possibilities of the past only allowed to raise AC voltage, to reduce transport losses, however , this is currently possible in DC, but there are also photovoltaic generation systems that deliver their production in DC and most of the electric charges being arranged for AC, their core of energy consumption is in DC. Is it possible to have home DC systems to reduce electrical losses?
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Dhana Phassadawongse thanks a lot for your answer and the useful link
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Mankind's ideas of energy production must be re-thought in order to survive... The relyance on fossil fuels or nuclar energy does not help. All sources of energy should be thought about, so tidal energy is OK, but not very efficient. It has be shown to work (e.g. in the Netherlands and France in estuaries of rivers)... Wind energy is efficient in costal areas but has been depending on state funding... But do you honestly think that coal mining or the production of nuclear energy/Waste is not depending from state funding/subsidies?
An introduction can be seen by the Open University, see URL:
Do you have helpful ideas or thougths?
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All of these advances inevitably led to the assumption that new resources were not needed in the development process. This is due to the fact that based on fossil fuels - on the other hand.In reality, this contrast is far from straightforward and requires more thoughtful study. Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) and methane management technologies at all stages of the increment in the cost of energy from fossil sources can help fulfill large-scale tasks to reduce CO2 emissions while fossil fuels are still part of the energy system. Thus, these measures allow fossil fuels to become part of the solution, rather than remain part of the problem. A rational economy plays an important role in the energy systems of each technology.
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Electric Vehicles are not sustainable for long.
Whats better and sustainable alternative?.
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Aleš Kralj , nice comparative analysis with existing options but most of them mentioned are not recommended for future due to carbon footprints, scale, and affordability, this has been covered in many studies.
Well electrochemical one such as fuel cells are exciting but this has to evolve a lot since still many serious concerns. Bio-fuels will contribute somewhere around 4% as global average. Many research are in development forum but unable to meet the expectations. Li-Ion cannot be optimized anymore at the same time all these BEVs have limited natural resources controlled by handful market players, which is strategically a wrong option to choose for many. What can be the better alternative?
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In critical industries their power backup generators are power with Diesel fuel. Diesel fuel is at times in short supply and often becomes contaminated. New fuels are required to run these generators that power back up systems to critical industries such as hospitals and data centers. As a nation, we need chemists and chemical engineers to come forward with new technologies producing sustainable fuels to augment or replace the use of gasoline/Diesel fuel consumption.
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It is possible to adjust costs deviations through the correlation of the wind speed (m.s-1) and unitary cost production in wind projects to guarantee the integrity of costs structure and finally viability of project entirely.
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Can the electron spin reverse? What implications would this bring in terms of defining matter?
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@Christian Baumgarten  I think he ask if electron can round in different direction like stop the earth and round them to the other side ;)
Dear Eder problem is that spin Has nothing to do with round because is not a ball !!!
best  
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We know it is usually not possible- all good absorbers have to be good emitters and vice versa. But I am looking for controlling the emission of an excited state (thermally or visibly). It may hold in a metastable state but de-excitation  is required at my control by a trigger. Can somebody suggest how to hold an excited state of a molecule or material? It basically means engineering a small minima at the excited state which disallows de-excitation to ground state. We may change selection rules or whatever other crazy ideas.
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Consider a molecule with a triplet state, an indirect band gap semiconductor, or an H-aggregates. All are able to absorb light and channel it to lower level dark states.
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Animal fat represents a waste in abattoirs, butchers shops and kitchens. I'm interested to know if there are any concrete examples of its use for energy purposes (fuel for engines, boilers, biogas generation, etc.).
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Hi Gabriel,
in Switzerland we have an example, but not very successful, they have insolvency.
The plant Biorender AG in Münchwilen (Thurgau) produces biogas from rest of animals.
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Every year, tropical cyclones cause disasters in coastal regions.
Does anyone have any ideas of ways to harness the vast energy naturally available? Can we reduce the impact of tropical cyclones in the future using modern technology?
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Hi Cole,
call me nitpicking, but the report tells:
In the case of Katrina, Jacobson's model revealed that an array of 78,000 wind turbines off the coast of New Orleans would have significantly weakened the hurricane well before it made landfall.
If operated at rated power of 6MW we talk about 468GW of power.
This is about 80% of the power, the US generates on nuclear plants, accounting for 15% of their overall power demand.
Simulations like these may show what you could achieve but given that the US are reluctant to put up a few hundred wind power plants, the chances they will build tens of thousands in the years to come is negligible.
A further note:
The simulation assumes, the hurricane strikes the plants on the edges only.
Once a storm exceeding 60 or even 70m/s like recently seen in Japan, the wind farm will be gone.
Today, survival speed for windmills is about 55m/s and the power dragging on the mill will increase by a factor 2 if wind speed increases from 55 to 70 m/s.
You really think an investor is going to take this risk?
But in the end, I would love to be proven wrong :-)
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By definition Energy Intensity (EI) is a measure of the energy efficiency of a nation's economy. It is calculated as units of energy per unit of GDP. High EIs indicate a high price or cost of converting energy into GDP. Low EI indicates a lower price or cost of converting energy into GDP.
Current energy trends of the world are obviously unsustainable, socially, environmentally and economically. EI in Iran’s industry sector is more than 4.6 times greater than world average! (See the attached Chart). Yet, the share of industry sector in Iran is 21%, while the world average is 30%! What scenario would you recommend for her? What infrastructure would be necessary to reduce energy consumption? How your country is dealing with EI?
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Dear @Mahmoud, I do not have exact data on Serbian Energy Intensity! "Efficiency improvements in processes and equipment and other explanatory factors can contribute to observed changes in energy intensity. Within the category "other explanatory factors" we can identify two separate effects: structural changes and behavioral factors, which are further discussed in item 2) below."- article in 1st link.
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Leonard de Vinci
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sorry, I can´t
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Most of the literature talks about "small" EfW plants being those which handle less than 100,000tpa of waste. Would it be cost-effective to build a very small one, say 500 tpa capacity?
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Zero, since most existing waste plants are viable and profitable while producing zero useful energy.
The steam turbine for generation used with a simple incineration boiler are not really a good match for a small plant. Also the scrubbers for a first world installation would cost as much for a backyard 500tpa plant as for a much larger plant. The organics and moisture content of the waste stream would determine your energy output, viability and plant design for both gasification and anaerobic digestion.
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Is there documentation of such successful projects? Also, what are the possible business models to make it commercially feasible, such as community led projects or private sector owned systems, etc.?
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Ranjana, the basics are a good knowledge of solar radiation (annual variability to small time scales variability), proven solar materials, a reliable storage (more than a fancy one) and accurate monitoring tools for the grid. This is really the big "technical" picture.
For the commercial feasibility, you have to consider all the initial costs, but above all the operation costs, including the maintenance of such remote grids. This last part will be essential.
The question of community/private relies on the affordability of your kWh. It can be one of these or a blend. Services this grid can bring can be an indicator.
This answer is really general. More details can be found in all the amazing reports of IEA PVPS Task 11 (http://iea-pvps.org/index.php?id=227).
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We are trying to produce bio diesel from waste vegetable oil.
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Dear Bharadwaj
Your question is good. we can produce diesel like hydrocarbon fuels without using methanol or any alcohol. Nowadays most of the people are following producing Biodiesel by transesterification process. There are some another processes such as Hydrotreatment, hydrodeoxygenation, catalytic deoxygenation for producing diesel like hydrocarbon fuels. In these processes, any kind of alcohol does not need to apply.
From those methods, we can obtained good quality of diesel fuels when compared to Biodiesel (Transesterification process.) these methods can help to producing Bio-jet fuel also. More reports are available related to this technology. So please refer well.
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I would like to establish a business of bottling biogas, I have not heard of a case elsewhere. As indicated in the ongoing discussion on biogas, indeed it is an opportunity to transform life through provision of clean energy solution and I would like to add an entrepreneurship arm to it. This is because we cannot pipe purified biogas due to legislative and security constraints in my country and on combustion of biogas to electricity, we loose about 65% of energy on heat and other loses. To save on this loses we can compress the gas and sell it as bottled gas.
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There exists many information these systems: http://suscon.org/cowpower/biomethaneSourcebook/Chapter_4.pdf please see this pdf as a basic document. I do not have much knowledge actually. The topic was interesting so I made a google search with keywords: biogas storage tank
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materials which are low cost are the priority in my project.
Any info regarding this would be very helpful.
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Thanks John can u new a few more readily available materials that get heated up quickly and also lose their heat to other contacts, surroundings relatively quickly
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My question is: does it possible to manifest in the real life? What kind of possible additives we can use to convert it and the possible technique that is need to be applied?
thank you ^^
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Yup ^^
thank's for your info
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No not yet done, the ground is to provide affordable housing for each person's own energy source, ie the total pollution of the global replacement of fossil sources of space a totally new approach, namely the design of houses fully secured by heat and light. Fossil energy needed to move only in space, and then only temporarily, until invented a new way to travel.
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Dear colleague, we turn to the figures. The height of Burj Khalifa 828 meters. Built in building the Trailing Solar Chimney power plant (http://www.solar-tower.org.uk/news-informations-en.php) in such a vortex pressure differential produces power of 100 MW. The building has 900 apartments. If each apartment consumes power 20-25 KW, then to provide electricity to the building to 22,5 MW of instantaneous power. That part of the power may be given to the city. Spent on the construction of the building $ 1.5 billion. Apartment area of about 1 million square meters. The cost of construction $ 1,500 per sq. m. It's a little bit. In Russia, for example, the average cost of building 25-storey building, which is fully ensured by non-renewable energy sources.