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How can multidisciplinary teams improve the care ofpatients with toxic alcohol ingestion?
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Hi everybody, I wonder is there a way to prepare foam from iso-propanol/water mixture? The content of this alcohol should be 70 – 80 w.%. I plan to use silicone-based surfactants, I have several of them. What do you think, is this enough to stabilize the foam for sevaral minutes? I plan to use the foam with a typical spray bottle for disinfection of hard to reach metal parts. Issues with human skin compatibility are therefore not an issue. Thanks for your suggestions.
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Try BIS-PEG 12 (or so) Dimethicone
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Does anyone have any knowledge about the solubility of a polyacrylic (MW 2100 and 5100) in isopropyl alcohol or DMF?
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can you suggest where I can find the solubility data of this MW in polar solvents like DMF, DMSO, THF, etc?
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I was thinking of using DCC/DAMP in dichloromethane. Would this be effective? Also would the byproduct Of DCU precipitate out in this setup?
the alcohol is a primary group and the bromo is a primary bromo on the opposite end of the alcohol
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That´s okay I´d say.
If it doesn´t work, you could also use the Mitsunobu reaction. This way, you activate the alcohol for the nucleophilic attack of the acid, which in your case I think could be more appropriate.
Good luck!
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Dear Community,
I have a molecule with an aldehyd group that I want to reduce to the alcohol. The molecule also has two esther groups. When I react the molecule with NaBH4 (1 eq.) under soft conditions (room temperature, 3h) no reduction is taking place, under harsh conditions (heat, over night) also the esther groups are reduced. [Solvent THF in both cases]
Does anyone have a recommendation for suitable reaction conditions for NaBH4 reduction? Or experience with NaBH4 reductions?
Best regards,
Christian
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Christian Schnurr There is evidence of ester reduction in systems using NaBH₄-MeOH and THF, as reported in this study: Jorge C. S. da Costa et al., Arkivoc, 2006, 1, pp. 128-133. DOI:10.3998/ark.5550190.0007.115. In my undergraduate thesis (2021), I worked on the reductive amination of an aldehyde using 2.0 equivalents of NaBH₄ in an acidic medium (with 10 equivalents of acetic acid (AcOH)), but in an ice bath (0 ºC). You could try optimizing the reaction conditions. Additional conditions are also discussed in this work: Periasamy, M., Thirumalaikumar, M., 2000. J. Organomet. Chem. 609, 1-2, 137-151.
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When I use vaspsol calculation in of a alcohol in presence of solvent ( H2O ) that OH bond of alcohol always breaking. What is the reason? I am playing with POTIM, ISMEAR etc. still that problem exists... DO you have any idea why its happening? Or how can I change my INCAR Tags ?
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Check for Computational Convergence Issues: Sometimes, insufficient convergence in electronic structure calculations or inappropriate initial geometry can lead to unexpected bond breakage. Ensuring proper convergence settings and carefully checking the initial molecular configuration may help in addressing this issue.
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I am working on a grignard reagent(PhMgBr) addition reaction(with alpha,beta unsaturated ketone) and my product is a tertiary alcohol. I have found through Tlc, I had got a mixture.How to purify the mixture,so that I can get a single spot of my product in the Tlc. I am getting my crude product as a viscous liquids. Need suggestion to purify it.
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Thank you for the suggestion.
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Dmt protection is a important step allowing protection of the hydroxyl group in the 5'OH in the nucleotides. This 5'OH specific protection allow a sequential coupling of the nucleotides, forming a obligonucleotide.
As we know DMT protection is follow the sn1 reaction manner. And for sn1 reaction, primary alcohol is less reactive than the secondary alcohol. Therefore, beside steric hindrance I would like to know why DMT is 5'specific. Thank you so much
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is it safe to use for extraction purpose?
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Yes, isopropyl alcohol can be used as an extraction solvent for leaves, effectively dissolving a wide range of both polar and non-polar compounds. It is particularly efficient for extracting bioactive compounds compared to other solvents like ethanol.
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I was trying to stain prostate slides with toluidine blue, but I'm having a recurring problem. Some of them seem to be "hollow" and you can only see the contour of the cell, but in the same tissue some areas are normal.
I tried different protocols, but none works right.
Currently I'm using toluidine blue 1% in distilled water. Also used acid toluidine blue (which didn't work at all), and toluidine blue 1% in alcohol mixed with 1% NaCl. For dehydration we use alcohol 95%, alcohol 100% two times, 30s each, alcohol/xylol 1 min, xylol 2 times 1min each.
Did anyone ever get similar results?
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We ask for the standard ZN stain to differentiate.
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Can we use amyl alcohol instead of iso-amyl alcohol (with chloroform) for DNA isolation?
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Thank you @ Park Sowon for showing interest. Maybe your answer is correct because amyl alcohol is a mixture of different isomers. But my question is, is it practically possible to extract the DNA using amyl alcohol?
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Individuals who consume alcohol are more prone to engaging in violent behavior towards their partners, leading to various negative outcomes. what is the most effective method in preventing alcoholism as the main cause of domestic violence?
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Behavioral therapy is often the most commonly used type of treatment for alcoholism.
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What's your suggestion for converting a heavy organic alcohol to its corresponding acid (via oxidation or dehydrogenation)?
Your industrial experience is appreciated.
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Check if you can find a metal oxide catalyte for oxidation.
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Other than GC any other method might help.
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Overall, in summary, HPLC is a powerful alternative to GC for determining alcohol content in pharmaceutical syrups, providing specificity, sensitivity and ease of use in pharmaceutical analysis laboratories.
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could you please help with a protocol?
should i do it directly on the aluminium stub after dehydration with 100% alcohol or not?
should i release the pollen or whole anther is better and dehisce it later?
after drying with HMDS how can i keep the specimens on aluminium stub before coating for about 24h?
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Thank you so much dear Brent E Gowen
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social consequences of excessive alcohol consumption
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Excessive alcohol consumption in India has far-reaching social consequences, notably straining family dynamics. It often leads to domestic violence, financial instability, and emotional neglect, disrupting familial harmony. Children in such environments may suffer from neglect and psychological issues, perpetuating a cycle of dysfunction. Additionally, it strains social relationships and can lead to social ostracism, further compounding the problem.
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I am preparing a protocol for SEM of a biofilm, but do not have easy access to 100% ethanol for the dehydration steps. Can 100% ethanol be substituted for 100% alcohol (95% EtOH, 5% methanol/isopropyl alcohol)? 95% ethanol generally is not anhydrous, and water has enough surface tension to potentially damage the specimen. I am also open to other suggestions if anyone has any. Thank you!!
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95% EtOH and 5% methanol/isopropyl alcohol have worked for me for several samples for SEM, including bacteria.
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Greetings all
I have been facing a problem with Technovit 9100. The polymerization never worked with me I have tried multiple times with the (stable and destabilized) basis solution in different conditions, however, I still end up with a liquid form which never hardens.
Tissue type:
  1. Human acetabular bone with soft tissue attached. Total size: 13*10 mm.
  2. Human femoral head. Total size 5*5 mm.
Protocol:
1) Dehydration on tissue rocker for (agitation): (50%, 70%, 80%, 95%, 95%) 1 hour each; (abs alcohol) overnight then (abs alcohol) for 1 hour. At room temperature
2) Intermedium on tissue rocker for (agitation): Xylin for (1 hour) then again Xylin for (1 hour). At room temperature
3) Pre-infiltration solution; Solution preparation: 100 ml of basis solution + ½ g Hardener 1.
  • Solution used on tissue rocker for (agitation): 1 Hour At room temperature
4) Infiltration solution; Solution preparation: 100 ml of basis solution + 1.5g Hardener 1 + 10g of powder.
  • Solution used for 24 Hour At 4C
5) Polymerization: Solution preparation:
  • Stock A (100ml): 16g of powder + 80ml basis solution (mix until dissolve) + 0.8g Hardener 1 then top up the solution until 100 ml is reached.
  • Stock B (100ml): 0.8 ml Hardener 2 + 0.4 ml Regulator + 100 ml basis solution
Finally, the polymerization solution is used in a ratio of 9 parts from stock A + 1 part of stock B mixed immediately before use.
We have tried a number of conditions to see if the polymerization will happen:
  • Solution with the tissue at (RT, 4C and - 15C) for 24H
  • Solution with the tissue at (RT, 4C and - 15C) for 72H
  • Solution without the tissue at (RT, 4C and - 15C) for 24H
However, all of that ended unsuccessfully.
I would really appreciate any insight or help to this matter
Sincerely
Abdulaziz
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I would also increase your dehydration times. The polymerisation is inhibited by water as well as oxygen. For those sample sizes I think you would need several hours in each stage, if not more. Without good dehydration and infiltration you risk getting a block which is polymerised on the part around the sample but not inside the sample itself. Then the sample crumbles away when you try to cut the sections, and you are left with a plastic section with a whole in it where the sample was supposed to be.
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Hi,
I have two samples containing 12-24% Ethanol (diluted by distilled water). I am wondering if these samples are frozen and then freeze dried, would that either decrease or get rid of the ethanol concentrations all together from sample?
Kind regards
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Freeze-drying, also known as lyophilization, is a method commonly used to remove water from samples while preserving their structure and properties. However, freeze-drying is not typically used to remove ethanol or other solvents from samples.
Ethanol, with its relatively low freezing point compared to water, can remain in solution during the freezing step of the freeze-drying process. When the frozen sample is subjected to vacuum and slight heating during the sublimation step, water sublimes directly from ice to vapor, leaving behind the solid matrix of the sample. However, the ethanol, being a liquid at the processing conditions, would likely remain in the sample.
To remove ethanol from a solution, other techniques such as distillation or evaporation are typically used. These methods involve heating the solution to evaporate the ethanol and then condensing it back into a liquid form, leaving behind the sample. The effectiveness of these methods depends on factors such as the concentration of ethanol, the volume of the solution, and the desired level of ethanol removal.
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I am a first year Ph.D. student in Cell and Molecular Biology department, UT. I am going to start a project on Breast Cancer and for this I need to be skilled on cell culture. I never did cell culture in my undergrad and now after shadowing my PI and seniors in the lab, I started my own session. But unfortunately my cells are getting contaminated. I wash my hands, rub my hand with alcohol, sterilize my hood with alcohol, spray alcohol in every bottle of reagents I use, Using auto pipet ( Big pipet). What else I am missing? I am feeling so pissed off because my seniors are doing the same but they are not facing the contamination. Please help me to overcome this situation.
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Hello Sadia Haque Khan,
Even if you had the opportunity to work along with members experienced in cell culture, since you are new to cell culture, it will take a while till you develop the skills of handling cultures.
Keep following the sterile practices learnt from your seniors. Observe your seniors when they handle cultures. You should record even the minute details such as the way they open the knob of the culture flask during feeding the cultures or subculturing. For instance, the knob of the culture flask should be kept in such a way that the inner side of the knob faces upwards and does not touch the surface of the laminar hood. The pipet tip should not touch any non-sterile surface, and so on and so forth. You will be able to master these skills with practice.
Till you master these skills, I suggest you add antibiotics to the growth media which will help prevent contamination. Generally, antibiotics are not supposed to be added to cultures. Once you get the confidence of handling cultures without any contamination, you may discontinue the use of antibiotics.
Good Luck!
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For various reasons, I need to avoid DMSO with my cells. So I wonder if isopropyl alcohol (2-propanol) could be used instead of DMSO to create my stock solutions library?
I have learned that the polarity index of isopropyl alcohol is 3.9 (H20= 10.2; DMSO = 7.2). So, theoretically, it could be a better solvent for non-polar compounds than DMSO. Moreover, it is physiological (the normal concentration in human plasma is 80 uM, against 0 for DMSO). And, the cherry on the cake: it is sterilizing (no need for sterile filtration of the solution, so no loss of solution during filtration) and it will remain liquid at -20 (no freezing-thawing). Furthermore, once added to the saline solution, it will be salted out and then evaporate, so only traces will eventually be present in the culture medium.
Thus, the theoretical part of the problem seems to be very advantageous. But according to the literature, it is only rarely used. What is reason? I haven't seen any booby trap?
thank you
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It dissolves the cell membrane.
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i am finding that drug court officers abiding by SAMSHA best practices protocol set up decades ago, have not been educated in interpreting results (they arent medical students) They look for the positive but dont know what other information on the lab report means.
i have reviewed two reports which i believe i could be great questions on a test . 1) the first one is positive for alcohol and pot, everything looks normal, the client swears they are clean. The interpreter missed the significance of the abnormal ph level of 10 in the urine, I understand that to be an indication that the sample has been contaminated. Am i right?
(no one can pee a 10, you are screaming at 7.5 to 8 because it is burning.
2) the second scenario involves a client who swears she is clean but got a positive for alcohol. the sample was taken dec 22 before christmas, was flown to San Diego, where it sat for 6 days until it was processed. the woman has candida for a decade. the candida feasted off of the sugars in the urine, metabolizing it to alcohol for 6 days.
she faces jail time for this misintepretation of the results. This is an expired specimen in my opinion regardless of refrigeration. Am i right?
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you are 100% percent regarding a urine PH that is out of range. It can absolutely mean the sample was adulterated. The second question regarding urine sitting and fermenting for six days, I don't think that sample would pass quality control sitting for that long but I don't know. Many things can cause false positives in drug urine screens so if a test is positive it may be sent out for further testing and is usually reviewed by a medical review officer to see if there is another reason that the test is positive.
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What reaction(s) can be expected between Si and ethylene glycol when mechanical energy is added? T < 70°C, fractured Si surface of many orientations, not oxidized, not passified. Inert gas atmosphere. Little, but some, O2 (g) is present except for what is dissolved in the alcohol. It is not degassed.
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I would say spirosilicates and am not sure about gas except H2.
Do you have any idea how to mitigate this? and what other byproduct gas formation takes place?
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I’m testing antioxidants using DPPH. The extract is dissolved in 60% ethanol. I would like to know if DPPH is dissolved with absolute ethanol, the percentage of alcohol have an effect?
Can I use the extract dissolved in 60% ethanol or should the extract be precipitated before testing?
Thank you
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ethanol is only used to dissolve DPPH so u can use 0.0098g/ 100ml ethanol solution whether it is 60 or absolute bcz u need the concentration of only DPPH which is 250 uM
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The purchased EVA (VA content 40%) product is dissolved in toluene solution, and then a mixture of sodium hydroxide and alcohol is added, the concentration is about 1mol/l and 0.25mol/l. The infrared test results of the product are normal, but it has been unable to dissolve in DMSO. There is no major research in this area can answer or discuss. Whether the EVA synthesized by oneself and then make EVOH will dissolve in dmso better.
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EVA it is not soluble in polar solvents, that is why it is sold in Toluene. The only reference that I have it is that is soluble as much as 8% concentration of anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
Best regards
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Alcohol ink what is the alcohol ink coposition? and what is the additive which help in adhestion/coherent property of alcohol ink ?
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Thank you Mr Adnan for your answer
Kindly, can you give examples for blending and fixatives
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It always need to functionalize a secondary alcohol with leaving group (e.g. OTf, OMs), nucleophilic substitution of the leaving group to afford an OH with configuration inversions , and then functionalizing the OH again and substituted with NaN3 (or Mitsunobu reaction, e.g. DPPA) .
Another method is oxidation of the secondary alcohol and then reduction the ketone to afford OH with a pair of enantiomer, and then do same things again.
Is there any efficient method to directly turn a secondary alcohol into the azide and keep configuration retention?
Or any efficient method to directly Azidation and to avoid the elimination reaction?
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I agree with Xiang.
First CH(R/S)-OTs/Ms/Tf with NaI/Br => CH(S/R)-I/Br with NaN3 => CH(R/S)-N3
Alternative method:
Dry high-energy ball milling of the CH-O-leaving group and NaN3 often leads to configuration retention, which is molecular structure-dependent. In the solid state, the Nu reaction proceeds via a four-centered mechanism. If the molecule has a more hindered reaction center to the "back" attack than the "front" attack, the reaction will dominantly go by retaining the configuration. In this case, bulkier reagents may also be more advantageous.
Good Luck,
Laszlo
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“Practice what you preach,” is a common saying across the world. Akshay Kumar, however, learnt it the hard way. His endorsement of a pan masala brand despite his statement against the consumption of alcohol and pan Masala left him at the receiving end of his own fandom’s ire, who excoriated him. Even his apology was not good enough. Social media users want him to refrain from surrogate advertisement, a form of advertising which is used to promote regulated products, like cigarettes and alcohol, in the disguise of another product.
Surrogate advertising is a form of advertising that is used to promote products which are banned or limited from advertising under government regulations, such as cigarettes and alcohol, via advertising another product produced by the same company in order to raise brand awareness.
Celebrities have a large following and their endorsements can have a significant influence on people's purchasing decisions. When celebrities endorse surrogate products, they are essentially promoting harmful products to their fans, including children and young adults.
Here are some of the reasons why celebrities should refrain from surrogate advertisement:
  • Surrogate products are harmful. The products that are typically advertised through surrogate advertising are harmful to health, such as cigarettes, alcohol, and tobacco products. When celebrities endorse these products, they are encouraging their fans to use them, even though they know the risks.
  • Surrogate advertising is misleading. Surrogate advertising is designed to mislead consumers into thinking that they are buying a different product, when in reality they are buying a harmful product. Celebrities who endorse surrogate products are complicit in this deception.
  • Celebrities have a social responsibility. Celebrities have a large following and their actions can have a significant impact on society. When they endorse harmful products, they are sending a message that it is okay to use those products. This can lead to increased consumption of harmful products and negative health consequences.
Some people argue that celebrities should be free to endorse any product they want, but it is important to remember that surrogate products are harmful and that celebrities have a social responsibility. By refraining from surrogate advertisement, celebrities can help to protect their fans and promote public health.
In addition to the ethical concerns, there are also legal risks associated with surrogate advertising. In many countries, surrogate advertising is regulated or even banned. Celebrities who endorse surrogate products could face fines, legal action, and damage to their reputation.
Overall, there is no good reason for celebrities to endorse surrogate products. It is harmful, misleading, and could have legal consequences. Celebrities should use their influence to promote positive messages and encourage their fans to make healthy choices.
(OpenAI, personal communication, Oct 23, 2023)
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Hello. In my opinion, celebrities should not avoid advertisements, but advertisements should be made with a properly functioning project. For example, an advertisement about the field in which the celebrity is an expert can create a feeling of trust in consumers. However, the presence of celebrities in many advertisements also negatively affects consumers' sense of trust.
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Statistically speaking, it is virtually impossible to change a life of prison recidivism, drug/alcohol, and criminal behavior.
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and the question remains: "help change to what?"
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I was preparing Poly-vinyl Alcohol (6 wt%) solution in water at 120°C. Given that the boiling point of water is 100°C and boiling point of Poly-vinyl Alcohol (mw 115,000) 228°C. But the solution vaporized at a temperature between 80 to 90°C. What can be the possible causes.
PS- I kept the stirrer at 400rpm and 120°C.
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The lower boiling point suggests contaminants, perhaps ethanol (BP 78*C) or isopropanol (BP 82.5*C). Fractional distillation would likely help you identify any contaminants, and give you a purified fraction of vinyl alcohol. Best of luck!
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Does the increase of any surfactant such as texapon, lauryl alcohol ethoxylate 3 or 7 make a laundry detergent more opaque ? If yes is it a synergic effect or for example lauryl alcohol ethoxylate 3 do this itself?
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Many surfactants will self-assemble. At low concentrations, these self-assemblies may be simple, small micelles. Their small size means that they won't scatter light very much. However, as the concentration of the surfactant is increased, other larger structures may form, such as lamellae. Because scattering of light scales with the sixth power of the scattering object's size, significant turbidity may occur.
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To what extent is alcohol use among youth shaped by learned behaviors from childhood through to early adulthood or influenced by societal norms?
How do cultural, familial, and peer factors interact to shape young individuals' attitudes and behaviors towards alcohol consumption in this context?
What are the potential implications for designing effective prevention and intervention strategies to address alcohol-related issues among youth? Let's explore and discuss the multifaceted nature of this topic and its impact on public health policies.
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Many factors enter into the initiation of alcohol use. These range from genetic predispositions to situational and environmental influences as well as societal pressures/perceptions.
Different individuals will react differently to consumption of alcohol as well as other drugs due to genetic differences. Some individuals remember with amazing clarity the first time they consumed alcohol while others cannot. This suggests differences in what alcohol's impact was for the individual at the time.
From research and surveys such as the Minnesota Student Surveys we know that those who begin using alcohol at an early age tend to come from families with individuals likely to have a member with substance use disorder or have experiences stressful events such as physical or sexual abuse.
The research is also clear that the earlier on begins to drink alcohol, the greater the probability of developing an alcohol use disorder. Student surveys have shown that those who begin drinking during the middle school years are more likely to have developed indications of problems by high school. Thus prevention efforts should begin in the year or years prior to high school - ages 12-13.
As the old adage states: For every complex problem there is a simple answer, and it's wrong.
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I am doing a folio on alcohol in the Middle East and I would like to interview a few people over email. Is there anyone you may know of that knows about alcohol in the Middle East? Things such as religion, the government or even the alcohol itself. Any information at all on this topic would be greatly appreciated, thank you!
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الكحول غير مقبول فى الشرق الاوسط.. المسلمون يرونه ذنبا كبيرا. واساسا لكل الشرور. وقد حرمه الاسلام.
لذا فاذا اردت ان تعرف شيئا عن الكحول فلا تسأل المسلمين
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description is in the file attached.
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I have DI water, HF solution, acetone, isopropyl alcohol and ultrasonic cleaner
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The question is: what is the purpose of your cleaning?
  • An RCA cleaning removes residuals and causes a well-defined surface termination. RCA-SC1 is for particles and organic matter, RCA-SC2 for metallic impurities.
  • pure solvents such as water, alcohols and acetone remove particles from the wafer, but they don't do a lot of chemistry to an as-delivered wafer
  • HF removes the native oxide layer, but of course it leaves open features on the substrate, so if it goes through air, it will accumulate anything it can get after that.
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Why astronauts cannot drink alcohol in space? Would it be ever possible alcohol can be withdrawn from W3(OH) giant cloud of alcohol in outer space?
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Jmaes, true. you can drink but its dangerous risk because alcohol is not buoyant in weightless environment became foamy mess during space travel. Rest you have explained correctly.
Ashish
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I have to check the cytotoxicity of a drug using MTT assay. The drug is soluble in 90% alcohol, not in DMSO. Is 90% alcohol toxic to cells?
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Is 90% alcohol toxic to cells? ....Yes.
Find my articles in RG
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I have experimented with various methodologies, but I am getting p-cresol in end instead of vanillyl alcohol. Can anyone suggest any suitable parameters?
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Ramin Javahershenas Thanks for your suggestions. We tried adding sodium carbonate to reaction mixture but still we didn't obtained vanillyl alcohol.
We are using Ni-Cu catalyst on graphene oxide. We will be grateful if you could be specific with quantity of sodium carbonate and optimum hydrogen pressure and temperature that needs to be maintained.
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We are part of a charitable foundation working hard to raise awareness about the link between concurrent alcohol and cocaine use and the subsequent psychoactive substance created in the body known as Cocaethylene which is thought to increase the risk of suicide in the early morning comedown. We feel the male suicide figures in the UK and in many other countries will be contributed to by the prolonged block of dopamine reuptake, catastrophic thoughts, violent actions and impulsivity which has led to suicide by harm in a number of known cases. Toxicological analysis of suicide decedents has contributed to the knowledge base. My son left this world in this exact way as have many others and we want to find ways to prevent harm or death for other young people and conducting this research is part of that fight. If you have any ideas suggestions or can point me in the direction of any papers of interest, it will be much appreciated.
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Dear Ms. Naylor, I'm not aware of any published studies linking cocaethylene and suicide. Cocaethylene has a longer half-life than cocaine but is somewhat less potent.
Sincerely, Dr. David Gorelick
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I'm sure it is associated with Picro-Sirius red as it doesnt occur until I apply this. I originally thought it may be a drying artefact however I have tried not drying the slides and it still occurs. I have also tried leaving the slides longer in alcohol but this didnt help, and if I leave them too long all of the yellow staining is removed from the tissue sections. Even if I do not apply weigerts haematoxylin the artefact can still be seen within some cell nuclei. The actual connective tissue components of the tissue section look fantastic but this can be seen in other areas. It seems to be worse on columnar epithelial cells and liver hepatocytes.
Method is as follows:
0.5%acidified potassium permanganate - 5 mins
1%oxalic acid -1 min
Rinse in alcohol put into Millers solution in 37 degree Celsius oven - 2 hrs
Rinse in alcohol then distilled water
Weigerts hx - 15 mins
0.5% acid alcohol - 3to 5 seconds
Blue in tap water - 3 to 5 mins
Picro-Sirius red - 1 hrs ( I have tried different timings for this stage from 20 mins to 1 hrs and the same problem is encountered. Solution is ready to use not made in house)
Blot dry
DCM ( rapidly through alcohols)
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Filter all solutions immediately before applying on slides and try again
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Much better if purification methods will not involve column chromatography.I've seen Mitsonubu's reaction and use of Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine as a catalyst in the reaction. Can somebody suggest a clear method on how to do this.Thank you.
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Mitsunobu reaction: The Mitsunobu reaction is a powerful method for converting alcohols to thioethers without affecting the double bonds. It involves the use of a combination of a phosphine, such as triphenylphosphine, and an azo compound, such as diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD), to transfer the thiol group to the alcohol. The reaction is typically carried out in an inert solvent, such as dichloromethane, at room temperature.
Thiol-ene click chemistry: Thiol-ene click chemistry is a type of click reaction that involves the addition of a thiol to an alkene or alkyne. This method is useful for the specific functionalization of unsaturated lipids with a thiol group. The reaction is typically carried out under mild conditions, such as at room temperature or slightly elevated temperature, and in the presence of a catalyst, such as a radical initiator or a Lewis acid.
Oxidative addition: Oxidative addition is a method for converting an alcohol to a thiol that involves the use of a thiolating agent, such as Lawesson's reagent, in the presence of a mild oxidizing agent, such as iodine or p-toluenesulfonic acid. This method allows for the selective conversion of alcohols to thiols without affecting the double bonds.
It is important to note that each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of method depends on the specific research question, available equipment and expertise, and the characteristics of the lipid alcohol. It is advisable to consult with a qualified organic chemist to determine the best method for your specific research needs
It's already in the web i just collected it and pasted here
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Hi, recently i did an analysis on 2 hair samples to try and detect alcohol (or ethylglucuronide). This is the protocol i followed. I used HPLC and did not get any results. The machine was capable to detect another persons alcohol in hair analysis but not mine. This person used another protocol to extract the ethylglucuronide so I think I went wrong with the method but I don't know where the error lies.
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Hi Ella Peeters,
for the problem can be caused by several things.
First the detector: Which detector is used?
If you are using a UV detector, neither your analyte nor your standard will be displayed, because there are no UV-active molecule components in your molecules. If you are using a MS, it is helpful to optimize the system for the standard first. I suspect that standard and analyte are better detected in negative mode than in positive mode. Ion passage should also be optimized to produce maximum signal.
Sample preparation: Make sure that the SPE cartridges, probably C18, are well conditioned before sample introduction. In particular, pretreatment with 2-3 cartridge fills of methanol is mandatory to 1. activate the phase and 2. wash out production impurities. The latter applies to all SPE cartridges regardless of the phase. The flow rate should not exceed 0.5 ml/min during conditioning and sample loading. Too high a flow rate will cause breakthroughs or even complete loss.
I hope I can help you a little with these tips.
Best regards
Joachim Horst
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Hello, I am trying to remove genomic DNA from RNA samples, I check my RNA before treating with DNase turbo and my bands look intact and of good quality, 260/270 ratio in 2.2 and 260/230 ratio 3n 2.1, I use 8mg of RNA with 1 ug of DNAse and 2.5 of 10x Buffer in a final volume of 25 uL, I digest at 37 °C for 60 min and then bring my solution to 300 uL, add 50 uL of phenol and 250 Chloroform isoamyl alcohol (24 :1), I add isoamyl alcohol and lithium acetate and let it precipitate overnight, the next day I do my washings with 75% RNA grade absolute alcohol and let my pellet dry and resuspend in 20 uL in DEPC water, when I see again my MOPS agarose gel and 37% chloroform my bands look very faint or I can't see them, any tips to avoid losing the sample?
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You might be losing your RNA during the cleanup. You could try the DNase I inactivating agent that can be used with that kit. In this case rather than doing post digestion cleanup, you simply add the agent that precipitates DNase I and your clean RNA solution is pipetted out after centrifugation.
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Could someone help me with a suitable process with doping graphene? As I read from many papers, graphene needs to be ultrasonicated to eliminate the solvent (alcohol) before being doped into the polymers gel.
However, if I directly buy the powder graphene, can I directly pour it into the polymers?
Thank you.
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Thank you Dr. R. Sagayaraj . According to you, the liquid-phase dispersal requires mixing the graphene in a solvent. However, will I need to mix graphene if it is already in solution form? And with the mechanical blending, which kind of graphene should I use (powder, particles or solution)?
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I'm trying to separate isoamyl alcohol and optically active amyl alcohol from fusel oil. I have done a rigorous distillation to get maximum concentration in bottoms of block B3. Since the boiling point difference is very less , simple distillation won't work here (3-methyl -1-butanol is 131 deg_C and boiling point of 2-methyl-1-butanol is 128 deg_C) .
I thought of using crystallization process to separate them but it's not economically feasible process.
I have attached the simulation sheet and the results developed by Aspen.
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When splitting lower alcohols, their conversion to an alcohol chloride calcium addition compound worked well for me, and its decomposition by heat increased the temperature difference. Try to convert to a salt with anhydrous CaCl2 and then separate by heat in a distillation apparatus. Some compounds are separated using tartrate salts, the question is whether this would be true for amyl ester of tartaric acid.
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Hi,
I want to prepare 100 uM Coniferyl Alcohol solution to use for enzymatic assay reaction.
Here is the detail of the product
1. Synonym: 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-ol, 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamyl alcohol
2. Brand: Sigma Aldrich
3. Molecular formula: HOC6H3(OCH3)CH=CHCH2OH
4. MW: 180.20 g/mol
May I know what reagent that I need to use to dissolve the chemical? Also, after I prepared the solution, do I need to kept the solution in dark and cold condition?
Your answer is much appreciated
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A commonly used water-miscible solvent for compounds that are to be tested in enzyme assays, if they won't dissolve in the assay buffer, is dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Enzymes can usually tolerate a few % DMSO by volume, but you should keep a constant percentage of DMSO in all samples in case your enzyme's activity is affected.
Since this compound is probably unstable in air due to the double bond, I suggest you make a fresh solution immediately before running the assay.
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the difficulity is that TOS is already has an ester bond .. so how can i confirm that another ester bond formed?
*TOS FTIR is attached
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hello!
I have a question that isn't related to your question.
Do you know about molecular weight or surface area of tocopherol ?
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I'm trying to prepare a basic alcohol solution (mixture of ammonium hydroxide & isopropanol) but having difficulty as it is not conventional dilution using water. Any assistance is dearly appreciated.
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The pH of pure ammonia (NH4OH) aq. sol. can be predicted as I have shown elsewhere at this forum:
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I conduct research on how different health factors, income and education affect people's savings behaviour. And the difference of this between countries in europe.
My regerssion is as follows:
Savings = General Health + longterm illness + BMI + Smoke + alcohol + Income + (control variables are: age, household size, gender)
I also want to control for countries so I added Factor(countries) to my regression. to add the dummy variable of countries. However, I am not sure how to interpret these results and whether this is the right way to examine the difference in countries.
can anyone help me with this?
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Hi Julia, is the difference between countries of substantive interest to your research question or are you trying to eliminate the effect of between-country differences? How do variables relate to each other?
If you are actually interested in the differences between countries, a multilevel mixed effects model might be more appropriate (you seem to have enough number of countries). But also you seem to be adjusting for a lot of variables without a clear idea on how these variables affect each other. I recommend using a directed acyclic graph (DAG) for this.
Hope this is helpful, Sebastián
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Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant
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Alcohol is the most commonly used drug among athletes. And as you probably know, excessive drinking has its downsides. But the timing, dose, and frequency of alcohol use are critical factors in whether or not it disadvantages you.
For example, a few beers before a game can cause more than enough impairment to hurt your performance. But a glass of red wine a few days prior to a competition might relax you, which may actually be helpful.
However, there are also cumulative, long-term effects of drinking alcohol that might undermine you no matter what. A lot of it comes down to how much, and how often you drink.
Does Alcohol Affect Your Athletic Performance? - Ria Health
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Hello, there are some holes/porous structure on my nissl staining results as shown in the picture below. Does it look like freezing defects or slides over dried? Some advice will be appreciate. The procedure is described below :
The mouse was perfused fixed with pbs and 4% pfa and then head was left in 30% surcose pfa solution (w/v) for very long time( I know this looks weird but previous lab member could get decent Nissl staining results from it). Then the mouse head was frozen in -80 and brain was extracted with ephys probe embedded inside. Afterwards brain was embedded in oct and put in -80 for freezing and preserving. Frozen oct block is frozen sectioned, dried for 12hrs at RT and nissl stained(5min xylene defat, descending alcohol 3min rehydrate, di water 1min, toludine blue 4 min, ascending alcohol for differenti and xylene 30min for clearing.
Thanks
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*Are you observing similar holes/porous structure in all the samples? If yes then is the temperature of the cryostat optimum?
*Were the sections of 40 micron? I suppose it may be due to the slices being thin.
*I would not recommend keeping the entire head in sucrose as there may be proper permeability issues and since sucrose play a key role in protecting the tissue integrity.
*How I would recommend is to Anesthetize the animal and perfuse intracardially with 4% PFA. Following perfusion collect the brain and store it in 4% PFA at 4 degree (48hr) or room temp for a few days. After Fixation, the brains have to be kept in gradient sucrose (10, 20 and 30%) until the brain tissue settles below the container. If you are using a cryotome, prepare blocks using OCT medium by snap freezing in liquid nitrogen, cut 40micron sections of the brain and dry the slides for overnight.
*Staining may not be an issue as the neurons look great.
Hope it helps
Thanks and Regards
Samir
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Hello,
Is there anybody happy to be the reviewer of my paper (Frontiers in Psychiatry) on smoking frequency and life satisfaction and test whether self-rated health serves as a mediator between this association? I am happy to review back if your manuscript needs a reviewer. Please leave me your name, email address, and institution if you are interested.
Regards,
Wesley
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Yes, why not? You can add me as reviewer. brain26091986@gmail.com
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I isolated RNA from the exosome using Total RNA Isolation Kit and stored it directly at -20 C. today I conversted it into cDNA and then ran the qPCR but I didn't get the amplification. I personally think that my RNA may have been degraded as it was stored at -20 C and I added mothing with it. However, various studies and Kits have said that RNA once isolated should firstly be kept in NUCLEASE FREE WATER or ALCOHOL. so kindly tell me as to how to store the RNA properly. and Nuclease free water will be good or the ALCOHOL??? Also, tell me the concentrations as well please.
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Hi Waqar,
in addition to Laura Leighton 's answer, did you check for the quality of your samples. Before and after the storage, you must check the quality first to be sure there is something, but mainly to know if the storage impacted it. it will also give you an idea on the quantity and therefore concentrations, useful for further analysis. there are many ways for checking, bioanalyzer is one of the oldest and best one.
all the best
fred
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For lithium carbonate preparation it‘s been saying that %70 alcohol saturated with lithium carbonate. But ı can’t dissolve it in distilled water or alcohol.
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Thank you Wolfgang!
Bircan, have you find any solution to your answer?
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I'm researching the antimicrobial effect of laurel extracts, which are made with different alcohol percentages (5%,60%, and 96%). I want to let the alcohol evaporate and replace it with something else so that the alcohol can't have any effect on the bacteria. When the alcohol has evaporated, non-polar compounds also remain, these cannot dissolve in, for example, water.
Does anyone have a solution for this?
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Sonication or evaporation with T control
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Triphenylphosphine reacts with hydroperoxide, reducing it into alcohol and forming tripehnylphosphine oxide. according to this reaction :
C18H15P + R-OOH --> C18H15PO + R-OH
Does any one know the reaction mechanism ?
Thank you in advance
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Thank you ! Yurii V Geletii
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Manual DNA Extraction from soil protocol
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Stanley Ngwa thank you so much
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When we do esterfication using alcohol with acid, i have a question for reactivity of two diols.
diethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol200.
Is there any difference of reactivity of two diols? (Ex. Electrophilicity of oxygen of hydroxyl)
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The molar mass of PEG is given by: Molar Mass = 44.05n + 18.02 g/mol, where n is the number of subunits.
44.05g/mole is the molar mass of 1 subunit of PEG.
A subunit of PEG contains two carbon atoms, four hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
For PEG-5000, the number of subunits is n = 113.
References:
1. Oesterhelt, F., Rief, M., Gaub, HE. Single-molecule force spectroscopy by AFM indicates the helical structure of polyethylene glycol) in water. New Journal of Physics. 1999;1(1):6.
Different samples of PEG have different molecular masses (or weights), as these samples contain different numbers of subunits of PEG.
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In GC-MS calculation,
[Area of GC chromatogram for IPA standard solution/ Molar Concentration of IPA in standard solution (mol/L] = [Area of GC Chromatogram of test solution / Molar Concentration of of IPA in test solution (mol/L]
How to convert the above formula to become
[Area of GC chromatogram for IPA standard solution/ Concentration of IPA in standard solution (ml/ml] = [Area of GC Chromatogram of test solution / Concentration of of IPA in test solution (ml/ml]
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Concentration is usually expressed by units of weight/units of volume. This is the most common expression we use in analytical chemistry. Choosing an alternative expression like unit of volume/unit of volume needs a good justification, i.e. why it is necessary to use ml/ml rather than mg/ml?
Converting mass to volume is easy if you know the density, because density is mass/volume. Simplest example is density of water at 4 C is 1 g/ml.
If you have methanol in water for example at 0.85 mg/ml, and you want to convert it to be expressed as ml methanol/ml water, then you can use methanol's density (972 mg/ml) to convert [0.85 mg/(972 mg/ml)] = 0.00087 ml methanol/ml water.
Similarly, you can use molecular weight of methanol (32.04 g/mol) to convert your results from mol/ml to g/ml first then using the density to convert g/ml to ml/ml.
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I am doing an acetylation reaction of a series of heavy alcohols, with high boiling points, with acetic acid, the conversion in most cases are at most 94%, I need to remove the rest of alcohol reagent, what should I do?
Because the alcohol’s boiling points are above 200 C , distillation in vacuum reduces the ester as well, so the yield diminishes.
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Dear Zahra Yasaei, essentially three techniques are promising in such separation :
- fractional distillation such azeotropic
- cappilary gas chromatography
- deep eutectic solvents
Please have a look at the following documents. My Regards
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In an epidemiological study (eg: the effect of alcohol on Hypertension), if the value of the odds ratio is less than 1 (eg:0.45) but it is statistically significant. Does it mean that consumption of alcohol is playing a protective role in hypertension? please let me know the correct interpretation of this kind of result.
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Do you actually mean the relationship between alcohol and hypertension? I think that is the most meaningful way of getting information for you.
If that is the case, then it means the association between variable n and variable m is 0.45. It does not really mean it is protective, however.
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Im gonna add veratryl alcohole to my culture medium. I think the autoclave destroys its structure. can every body propose me a method for its sterilization
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Hello, Filteration by Cutoff 0.2 can work too,
Good Luck!
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Hello All,
Can CO2 purging during Electrochemical reduction of CO2 removes produced alcohol from electrolyte, if so what are the proposed solution to solve this issue, knowing that this reaction can not be done without continously purging due to CO2 depletion.
Many thanks in advace
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What alcohol? Temperature? Design of the reactor? You need to plot the dependence of partial pressures of alcohol and water at a required temperature on the alcohol:water ratio. This is a time consuming job. Do your part of the job and then I would be willing to discuss your question
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I have measured Quercetin amount using spectrophotometer at 380nm.1mg/1ml ( Que: Absolute Alcohol). I done 5 serial dilution, ı found conc. 0,98. I am sharing with you the excel. Do you think is it correct?
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You are welcome
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I am currently trying to measure a number of ichthyological specimens preserved in wet collections. I am generally using calipers but have found that my calipers are too short to collect standard length or head length in some very long-snouted species (i.e., gars), as well as unable to measure body girth.
To take these measurements I have been using a cheap 60 cm tape measurer, but what I have found is that when I tried measuring these specimens the alcohol was rapidly absorbed by the measuring tape and the entire tape measurer started falling apart. Something in the tape measurer was reacting to some chemical in the preservatives of the fishes and causing the adhesive to dissolve.
I know that other ichthyologists, as well as herpetologists, mammalogists, etc., often use tape measurers to take very long measurements on formalin-fixed specimens in alcohol. I was wondering if there was any specific brand of tape measurer that other scientists have found does not fall apart when exposed to alcohol?
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Which extracts will have more Phenolic, flavenoid and tannin content, either alcoholic or water soluble?
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There are phenolic compounds which have polar and non polar parts in the same compound so you can choose ethyl acetate for a better extraction. It is advised to use ethyl acetate when you want to extract phenolic compounds from liquid samples.
You can also make ethanol-water mixture for a better extraction as mentioned in these discussion and articles:
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I want to know about the yield of water-soluble and alcohol soluble extract of the same herbal drug.
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With the isolation difficulties involved, it is better to go behind alcohol extraction
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I want to know about the yield of water soluble and alcohol soluble extract of the same herbal drug.
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Also check please the following useful RG link:
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Alcohol, Smoking , COVID-19
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Everything said is true. Noya, for example, who had covid 19, gargled with vodka and breathed through a mask soaked in vodka. At least I wasn't in the hospital. After 5 days of illness (after its peak) he turned to the doctors. Have written out febrifugal, from a pharyngalgia, vitamins. Most likely I had been ill with Delta 1.5 months ago. At the same time, at the end of November 2021, I was vaccinated with Koronavak. And all this individually depends on the person, his condition, susceptibility, blood ....
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Hi everyone,
We use SpectraPor® Float-A-Lyzer® Dialysis Device with MWCO:8-10 kDa for doxorubicin release experiment. We didn't pretreat the membranes with alcohol and our cumulative release percentages were very low. What is the significance of the alcohol pretreatment and what does it exactly do to the membranes?
Thanks!
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Dear Merve Kurt, ethanol is one among other chemicals know as 'permeability enhancers', they induce pores expansion which renders the release easier. In some cases other contribution comes from the modification (reduction) of the wettability of the membrane, hence the drug is less retained during its travel (release) by the membrane surface. My Regards
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Hello everyone
I want to convert methyl salicylate into salicylaldehyde, I want to find the safest and cheapest method. I know NaBH4 can convert aromatic ester into alcohol, but is it possible that NaBH4 can reduce ester to aldehyde?
DIBAL-H is very expensive for me
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Conversion of esters to aldehydes can be accomplished by reduction with diisobutyl aluminium hydride.
Stephen reduction involves the preparation of aldehydes. Nitriles react with anhydrous stannous chloride in presence of dry hydrogen chloride gas followed by their hydrolysis to form aldehydes. Rosenmund reduction is the catalytic hydrogenation of acid chlorides to aldehydes. Diisobutyl aluminium hydride is used to reduce α−βunsaturated esters to the corresponding allylic alcohols.
Best wishes
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I am piloting prenatal ethanol exposure in mice and I need a way to measure blood alcohol concentration.
What are the best enzymatic/colorimetric assays to use? Looking for something simple and inexpensive.
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Hi For an assignment I need to: critically evaluate executive function interventions for school children with FASD and social skills interventions for adolescents with FASD so as to recommend and gain funding to implement them. I'm struggling to find evidence to evaluate why one intervention is better than something else. Please can anyone help?
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Thank you, that's very helpful.
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  • Alcohol has effects, both short-term and long-term, on almost every single organ of your body.
  • Overall, the evidence suggests that there is no “safe limit” – in fact, the risk of damage to your health increases with each drink of alcohol consumed.
  • Alcohol use, especially heavy use, weakens the immune system and thus reduces the ability to cope with infectious diseases.
  • Alcohol, even in very small quantities, is known to cause certain types of cancer.
  • Alcohol alters your thoughts, judgment, decision-making, and behavior.
  • Alcohol, even in small amounts, is a risk to the unborn child at any time during pregnancy.
  • Alcohol increases the risk, frequency, and severity of perpetration of interpersonal violence such as intimate partner violence, sexual violence, youth violence, elder abuse, and violence against children.
  • Alcohol increases the risk of death and injury from road traffic injuries, drowning, and falls.
  • Heavy use of alcohol increases the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), one of the most severe complications of COVID-19.
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The following study demonstrate that COVID-19 cases and deaths are higher in countries where alcohol consumptions are higher and vice versa.
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Hello, I'm studying metal-catalyzed reactions between oleic acid + oleylamine (amidation) and oleic acid + oleyl alcohol (esterification). I have a general sense that, all conditions being equal, amidation should be faster, perhaps due to the basicity of the amine, but that seems sort of vague and I'm trying to get a full understanding of what I should expect. Any help would be much appreciated. Thanks!
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As reported by Nayim Sepay , these two reactions are pH-depended. Besides, the esterification of phenol is lower than that of alcohol because of the lower nucleophilicity of the hydroxyl group that results from the participation of oxygen lone pair with the aromatic resonance.
Regards,
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I work with bat's helminths taxonomy. The ideal is to work on fresh hosts, but some bats species are highly threatened and it's not possible to obtain fresh carcasses or other alternatives. For these cases, I'm thinking about recovering the parasites from bats in biological collections. Howe