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Agroforestry - Science topic

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For any non-linear equations, how can we estimate the asymptotic standard error for each of the parameters (say a, b, c, d) of that equation?
Let say an equation:
Y = a/[1+b exp (-c x X] (1/d)
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Hey Pradip Kumar Sarkar , did you that find that out?
I have my asymptotic equations with standard errors for the natural logarithm of my variable. I would like to "back transform" those standard errors. I know it is impossible, but is there an approximation formula? Thanks a lot!
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Invite young scientists worldwide in tropical plantation or agroforestry systems to come to China to conduct extensive international cooperative research. If you are interested, let's work together to apply for the International Talented Young Scientist Program provided by the government. Here need your recommendation letter and you need meet the following conditions: (1) be a national of one of the Belt and Road countries or other developing countries; (2) have a formal job in the above countries, engaged in scientific research or science and technology policy research; (3) have a doctoral degree or more than 5 years of scientific research experience; (4) have a high level of scientific research or scientific research potential; (5) be no older than 45 years (calculated on the date of application) and in good health; (6) have good English or Chinese language communication skills; (7) must be able to work full-time in China during the application period; (8) must abide by Chinese laws, regulations and other relevant rules.
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If you are interested in International Talented Young Scientist Program and young scientists worldwide in tropical plantation or agroforestry systems to conduct extensive international cooperative research. And if you want to know more about the above content, you are welcome to contact us at any time by email donglingqi@163.com
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How can agroforestry and cover cropping contribute to water conservation efforts in farming practices?
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Choen Krainara Thanks to both of you for your insights on this burning issue.
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How does the above items impact the goal towards net zero emissions? What might be the role of the emerging scientists, leaders and professionals for achieving sustainability in agriculture sector? What are the policy loopholes that high polluting industries are still doing the same levels of pollutions although facing sanctions against carbon emissions? What consumers can do to reduce emissions from agricultural sector: Is it by consuming low processed foods or eating less?
What are the potentials of these emerging concepts like Carbon farming, Biochar and agroforestry in achieving sustainability?
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Biochar (biological charcoal) draws carbon from the atmosphere, providing a carbon sink on agricultural lands. Its capacity for carbon sequestration, agricultural improvement, and waste utilization positions it as a key player in the transition towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future. Biochar improves soil, leading to better crop growth. Carbon farming captures carbon from the air, reducing pollution. Conservation ecology protects wildlife and natural habitats. Fair consumption means using resources wisely and reducing waste. The Carbon Loophole in Climate Policy assesses the embodied carbon associated with the production of goods that are ultimately traded across borders and therefore excluded from domestic climate policy.Increase productivity of grasslands and croplands, which adds carbon in roots and residues. Increase use of agroforestry, which builds above-ground carbon. Pursue efforts to build soil carbon, despite the challenges, in areas where soil fertility is critical for food security.
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How does the above items impact the goal towards net zero emissions? What might be the role of the emerging scientists, leaders and professionals for achieving sustainability in agriculture sector? What are the policy loopholes that high polluting industries are still doing the same levels of pollutions although facing sanctions against carbon emissions? What consumers can do to reduce emissions from agricultural sector: Is it by consuming low processed foods or eating less?
What are the potentials of these emerging concepts like Carbon farming, Biochar and agroforestry in achieving sustainability?
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A well-structured agricultural marketing system and agribusinesses can help achieve net zero emissions by promoting sustainable practices. For example, better market access reduces food waste, which cuts emissions. Emerging scientists, leaders, and professionals can drive innovation in sustainable farming methods, like using renewable energy or improving soil health.
However, policy loopholes still allow high-polluting industries to emit large amounts of carbon despite sanctions. Stronger regulations and enforcement are needed. Consumers can help by eating less processed food and choosing more plant-based options, which lowers the carbon footprint of their diets.
Emerging concepts like carbon farming, biochar, and agroforestry have great potential. Carbon farming can capture carbon dioxide in soil, biochar improves soil health and locks in carbon, and agroforestry combines trees and crops, enhancing biodiversity and storing carbon. These practices can significantly contribute to agricultural sustainability.
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I performed this analysis on R to estimate the labor use efficiency of smallholder agroforestry farmers, by running the two-stage analysis simultaneously. I am finding it difficult to make the difference in the OLs and MLE estimates to interpret the results appropriately. Also, I find it difficult to interpret the hypothesis testing for inefficiency and Model correctness.
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State the reasons in the case of  non crop plants, which is a timber yielding one?
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Dioecy, the condition in which individual plants within a species are either male or female, can pose challenges for breeding and cultivation in certain plants. Here's how dioecy can limit breeding and cultivation:
1. Pollination Limitations: Dioecious plants require pollen from male plants to fertilize the flowers of female plants for seed production. This reliance on separate male and female individuals complicates the pollination process compared to monoecious or hermaphroditic plants, where both male and female reproductive organs are present in the same flower. Pollination efficiency may be reduced if male and female plants are not sufficiently close to facilitate natural pollination, requiring additional efforts for artificial pollination or the introduction of pollinators.
2. Seed Production Challenges: Breeding programs for dioecious plants often require the maintenance of separate male and female breeding lines to ensure controlled pollination and seed production. This segregation of breeding lines can increase the complexity and cost of breeding programs, as it necessitates the maintenance of larger populations and careful management to prevent unintended cross-pollination between lines. Additionally, seed production may be limited if there are insufficient numbers of male or female plants available for breeding purposes.
3. Genetic Variation: Dioecious plants may exhibit sex-linked genetic traits, where certain characteristics are linked to the plant's sex chromosomes. This can complicate breeding efforts, as desired traits may be associated with one sex and not easily transferred to the opposite sex. Limited genetic variation within breeding populations can also restrict the ability to select for desirable traits, potentially leading to reduced crop diversity and resilience to environmental stressors.
4. Propagation Challenges: Propagation of dioecious plants through vegetative means, such as cuttings or grafting, may be limited if the plants exhibit sexual dimorphism, where male and female plants have distinct growth habits or characteristics. This can affect the uniformity and performance of propagated plants, particularly in horticultural or commercial cultivation settings where consistency in plant characteristics is desirable.
5. Cultural Preferences and Market Demand: In some cases, cultural preferences or market demand may favor certain sexes of dioecious plants over others. For example, female plants of certain fruit or ornamental species may be preferred for their fruit production or aesthetic qualities, leading to imbalances in cultivation efforts and potentially limiting the availability of desired plant material.
While dioecy presents challenges for breeding and cultivation, it also offers opportunities for genetic studies, specialized breeding programs, and the development of unique plant varieties. Effective management strategies, such as careful selection of breeding lines, controlled pollination techniques, and integration of dioecious plants into diverse cropping systems, can help mitigate the limitations associated with dioecy and support successful cultivation efforts.
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Agroforestry is considered and identified as a good land management practice. But most of the farmers prefer monoculture or mixed cropping system, But not agroforestry provide lots of tangible and non- tangible befit to the ecosystems. However it is not popular. Any reasons? .
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Agroforestry, acknowledged for its manifold benefits to ecosystems, is less favored among farmers compared to monoculture or mixed cropping systems due to various reasons. Primarily, economic incentives favor the latter, offering immediate and predictable returns over the longer-term investment required for agroforestry. Additionally, lack of awareness, insecure land tenure, limited market access and insufficient technical support contribute to its lower adoption rates. Farmers may perceive agroforestry as riskier due to uncertainties in tree establishment, pest management and potential conflicts with existing land uses. Despite its potential, overcoming these barriers and promoting the benefits of agroforestry are essential for its wider acceptance and implementation in agricultural landscapes.
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What is the commonly known growth factor of Grevillea robusta in Africa? Especially in high-rainfall and semi-arid areas, agroforestry systems
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Maybe these two articles from researchgate could be helpful:
Best regards
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What is the commonly known growth factor of Grevillea robusta in Africa? Especially in high-rainfall and semi-arid areas, agroforestry systems
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There are four primary factors that affect plant growth: light, water, temperature and nutrients. These four elements affect the plant's growth hormones, making the plant grow more quickly or more slowly :)
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A tree-based land use system is well known for carbon credit generation. Agroforestry and Bamboo-based plantations are the other avenues for carbon credit. However, the core agriculture crops also contribute to carbon sequestration for a shorter span of time. Now in the present scenario, what are the possibilities to generate carbon credits through agricultural crops?
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Repeated cropping is unlikely to produce any substantial benefits because the C inputs are largely rapidly metabolised
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📣Calling all experts in sustainable agriculture, renewable energy, and open education resources!
We're seeking insightful chapters for our upcoming book, "Sustainable Management of Natural Resources: Energy-Smart Farming." to be published by Apple Academic Press under the editorial role of Pedro Aguilar-Zarate, A. K. HAGHI, PhD, Dr. Sachin Gupta and Dr Pushan Kumar Dutta. This comprehensive guide aims to equip farmers, agricultural professionals, and students with the knowledge needed to adopt green practices, harness renewable energy, and enhance profitability in farming.
We're particularly interested in topics such as:
- The effectiveness of Open Educational Resources (OER)
- Sustainable agriculture practices
- Sustainable energy solutions for small-scale farmers
- Development of solar-powered irrigation systems
- Impact of climate change on agriculture
- Agroforestry as a solution to deforestation
- The role of micro-organisms in biodiversity conservation
...subthemes including Impact on Farmers and #AgriculturalProfessionals, Sustainable #EnergySolutions for #SmallScaleFarmers, Development of #SolarPoweredIrrigation Systems: Testing #BiogasDigesters, Impact of Sustainable Agriculture Practices, Effects on #SoilHealth and Biodiversity: Promotion Among Farmers, Role of #LocalFoodSystems in Sustainable Agriculture, Reduction of #GreenhouseGas Emissions, Potential of Agroforestry System: Promotion of Sustainable Agriculture, #CarbonSequestration and #BiodiversityConservation, Innovative Approaches to #SustainablePestManagement, Exploration of #PrecisionAgricultureTechnologies, Promotion of Sustainable Agriculture Practices: Reduction of Resource Use, Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture, Promotion of #ClimateResilience Among Farmers: Sustainable Agriculture, Practices for Urban Agriculture System, Development and Testing for #RooftopandCommunity Gardens, #FarmProfitability and the Business Model of Sustainable Agriculture, Assessing the Impact of Sustainable Practices: Promotion Strategies, #Agroforestry as a Solution to Deforestation, #DualProduction and #LivestockGrazing Benefits, Opportunities for Farmers in Temperate Systems, Agroforestry as a Sustainable #LandUseSystem, Addressing Production Needs and Providing Environmental Benefits, The Role of #MicroOrganisms in Agroforestry and Biodiversity Conservation, Agroforestry Systems in Biodiversity Conservation: Assessing Their effectiveness Across #LandscapeContexts and #LandUse Histories, Assessing the Role of Local and Landscape Scale Management in Agroforestry Systems and Biodiversity Conservation, Unveiling the Connection Between Agroforestry, #AgriculturalProductivity, and #HumanWellBeing
📅 Abstract Submission Deadline: 15th Dec, 2023
📅 Full Chapter Submission Deadline: 10th March, 2024
For more details, please email us at greenenergies2024@gmail.com
#sustainablefarming #renewableenergy #openeducationresources #callforchapters #agriculture #sustainability
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Thanks for sharing. I wish you every success in your work.
Regards
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Agroforestry systems were developing throughout human development. Despite its ecological and socioeconomic benefits, some agroforestry practices have an adverse impact on the ecology and social security. A few specific agroforestry techniques are employed as motivations to convert natural or semi-natural forests into plantations, which degrades natural forests.
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Agroforestry, a scientific term for tree-based intercropping has been transformed in the last five decades. A number of productive and protective agroforestry systems have been developed so far, which are particular to eco-regions.
A transition in productive systems is required for optimization, and that's what moderation in old practices has made it to achieve. Compared to traditional agroforestry systems, now agroforestry plantations are raised at optimum densities (recommended on a scientific basis) to fulfill industrial as well as farmer requirements. The success has not only been achieved in improving tree productivity but also a number of intercrops have been tested for their best compatibility with trees. And still, the research wings are on the route to find other options to make it more diverse.
If we try to weigh the positive and negative impacts of agroforestry on ecology, then it's always the benefits that outweigh the negative impacts.
Restricting particular to negative impacts: Competitive interactions in ecological terms are proven to be the main negative impact of agroforestry components.
In some studies, it is found that trees serve as seat for phytophagous insect-pest attacks, which may sometimes also affect agricultural intercrops.
Microclimatic ameliorations sometimes make congenial conditions for different species of fungi and bacteria that are the causal agents of many diseases.
Thank you!
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I am going to calculate the carbon sequestration potential of some trees in arid and semi-arid regions using trunk diameter and tree height. Is there a way to calculate carbon sequestration potential without destroying trees?
What is the most suited reliable method?
Selected trees include apple, walnut, elm and almond.
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This is in reference to tree species identification using submeter multispectral optical satellite data or UAV images in the context of horticulture and agroforestry studies.
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1. Supervised Classification: This technique utilizes a set of labeled training samples to develop a decision rule that can be applied to the entire data set. This is a popular technique for generating labeled training samples from Very High Resolution Satellite or UAV data.
2. Object-Based Image Segmentation: This technique involves the segmentation of the image into objects based on spectral, spatial, and/or textural characteristics. Objects can then be classified based on their extracted features.
3. Feature Extraction: This technique involves the extraction of specific features from the image, such as texture, shape, size, and/or statistical properties. These features can then be used to classify the scene.
4. Spectral Unmixing: This technique is used to identify and map the spectral composition of pixels in the image. It can be used to identify different classes of land cover in the image.
5. Clustering: This technique involves the grouping of pixels in the image based on their spectral characteristics. Clusters can then be labeled based on their extracted features.
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I'm full of invertebrates from soil collections in agroforestry to analyze and discuss, so I welcome citation and research tips... thank you
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Try the eDNA method that the University of California is doing in Santa Cruz at their CALeDNA lab at https://ucedna.com/meet-the-team and for a very inexpensive fee, under $200 per soil sample, they can run the DNA and id what is living there. Soil from Brazil to California would probably need a phytosanitary certificate, and maybe an import permit from the USDA.
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The title of my research is the contribution of agroforestry in soil fertility to small farmers. I'm using mixed-method research I don't know what should I do in making the theoretical framework. Sorry if I'm not good in English.
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Or compare different models :)
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The title of my research is " contribution of agroforestry in soil fertility to small farmers." I'm using mixed-method research so I'm having difficulty creating hypotheses since I don't know which type of hypothesis should I use.
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Null hypotheses or model testing :)
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I have data on DBH and the Height of different agroforestry species from different agroecological conditions, and I want to quantify the site-specific and species-specific aboveground biomass (ABG)by using existing allometric equations, what procedures can I use? am I need to produce the scatter plots? am I need a model fit? DBH and Height should be my independent variables. Is it possible also to add other factors which have not been used in those existing equations such as temperature and precipitation since they can affect the biomass?
Any guidance should be appreciated or any papers where they have used existing allometric equations for tree biomass quantification.
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I have one publication regarding allometric equations entitled "moisture content, density and allometric model for estimation above-ground biomass of peronema canescens jack in the private forest". i hope it will help you. thank you
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I am working on the estimation and simulation of the carbon-sequestration potential of different agroforestry systems.
However, I am unable to download it from the official website. http://dataservices.efi.int/casfor/models.htm
Even after filling the form around 10-20 times.
So kindly share the CO2fix 3.2 model here in Zip form or send it to my email: prashantsharma927@gmail.com
Thanks in advance
Regards,
Prashant Sharma
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Kindly find the link provided below, the link is valid for 72hrs. http://dataservices.efi.int/casfor/CO2FIX/download/6ae38f6f6793c17a/setup_CO2Fix_V3.2.exe
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I need to know which tree species can be beneficial to be planted close to date palm trees for better yield and soil improvement (with references).
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Thank you @Shuraik Kader for sharing this useful paper.
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There is a lot of demand for information about the potential of different tree species (and also other types of crops) to capture and store carbon.
Such information is critical to designing farms with a better climate footprint.
This is particularly true for agroforestry farming systems relying on one or more tree species!
However, information on this topic seems completely scattered and not synthesized.
Does such a database exist?
Best regards,
Thomas Fungenzi
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That would be grateful if you could bring examples of agroforestry from around the world.
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Very interesting question @ Elaheh Daghighi. In Asia perspective I would say Prosopis Juliflora and Leucaena leucocephala are some effective tree species that can be suitable for soil health improvement. Also you can go for Azadirachta indica that tree sp. has good insecticidal properties, air purification properties and also improves soil health.
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I would like to know how to calculate the sample size for the inventory of trees in the agricultural landscape (Agroforestry diversity and allometric inventory).
The first study area has 32626 ha, and the second has 101064 ha.
I intended to use the cross-plots along the transect.
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You sample c. 5% of the area using a minimum of 30 quadrats or trees to fulfil the central limit theorem :)
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what are the effects of different altitudinal variation on productivity of agroforestry systems in India?
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A declining trend with an increase in altitude reported at Himalayan regions by several workers.
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I want to correlate the ecology of agroforestry with economics.
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Indeed, Ecosystem Services Valuation (ESV) with Circular Economy Valuation (CEV) are perfectly bridging ecology of agroforestry with economics. Indicative research works are the following:
Kyriakopoulos G.L. et al. (2017). Ecosystems Services Valuation (ESV) Then and Now: A Review. Chapter 1, In: Advances in Energy Research vol. 27, 1–61. Nova Science Publishers. ISBN: 978-1-53612-305-0.
Kyriakopoulos G.L. (2021). Environmental Legislation in European and International Contexts: Legal Practices and Social Planning toward the Circular Economy. Laws 10(1), 3; 15 pp. doi: 10.3390/laws10010003. https://www.mdpi.com/2075-471X/10/1/3
Zamparas M., Kyriakopoulos G.L. (2021). A New Method for Lake Restoration, Impacting on Circular Economy (CE). Chapter 8, In: Chemical Lake Restoration – Technologies, Innovations and Economic Perspectives, 1st Edition, Editors: Miltiadis G. Zamparas and Grigorios L. Kyriakopoulos, 195-203. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76380-0. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76380-0_8
Kyriakopoulos, G.L., Kapsalis, V.C., Aravossis, K.G., Zamparas, M., Mitsikas, A. (2019). Evaluating circular economy under a multi-parametric approach: A technological review. Sustainability, 11 (21), 6139. DOI: 10.3390/su11216139
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Journals related to fruit based Agroforestry and horticulture basically for a review paper.
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Journal of Horticulture and Forestry
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Hi,
I'm looking for data (mainly related to management: growth rate, canopy size, soil and climate preferences, etc.) about tropical trees used in tropical agroforestry.
Have you ever heard about a database or a source of technical information available to agroforest managers?
That would really facilitate land management and field experiments.
As always, I am trying to use these questions to centralize information from different sources. RG questions tend to be well indexed in Google for different users. Thank you for your contributions!
Best,
Thomas
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Thomas Fungenzi i guess the attached document might be of your help
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There is a problem of water logging in the farm fields for maximum time after flood. Suitable agroforestry species for water logging areas.
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There are plenty of them. Can be easily browsed . Tree species like Tamarix aphylla, Acacia modesta and Acacia nilotica, as well as exotic species such as Acacia stenophylla, Acacia ampliceps, Casuarina obesa, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Prosopis chilensis, Prosopis siliquestrum and Prosopis alba exhibited high survival rates under waterlogged conditions.
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I've been searching for indonesian (especially java island) native species of crops & vegetables that can be applied for agroforestry on slope with high level of canopy shadding.
So I will appreciate if I can have some recommendation from someone with botanical experts.
Thank you.
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I think you can use
Asian breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), and rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum)
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I'm studying agroforestry practices in volcano prone area (Mount Merapi in Indonesia). There are some benefits from this system to be volcano disaster mitigation strategies. So actually how far this system is effective can contribute to disaster mitigation strategies, not limited for volcano prone area.
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'Agroforestry' had its significance in the earlier days at least in India which used to meet the agro requirements of the farmers in terms of the quality wood. Bund cultivation was practiced mainly from this objective. Agroforestry has a broader objective and need be specific to the objectives and more so if it is disaster mitigation. You may also supplement the local species with suitable varieties from other regions. This would basically bind the soil and the roots provide greater strength against any penetration.
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There is lot of emphasis on expansion of green cover or trees on farms (asfForest being common resources even after so conservation laws and efforts forest degradation and deforestation is still on) through agroforestry and tree farming can be a cheaper solution for mitigating climate change effects. If so why in UNFCC only 10-15% projects on A/R under carbon credits framework? If developing countries opting for CDM projects under A/R categories to reach out poor farmers in tropics, rules need to be made simpler and affordable fees for registration for carbon finance. Why only corporate plantations are having edge in projects. How farmers friendly tree farming policies at national level harmonized with climate change & UNFCC.
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Yes. Certainly!
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Daily water demand per day in Milliliter (ml)
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It depends on soil moisture conditions, tree density, drought stress, and many other factors. So, you have to calculate the quantity of water based on the local conditions and environments.
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Farmers still rely on slow-growing species which take a long time and monitoring. We have fast-growing species like Melia dubia which can be used in numerous ways even for the pulp and paper industries along with wood industries. Agroforestry implications and Melia trials have shown higher income and productivity for the farmers that rely on these species.
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Availability of market is major concern for Melia dubia in non-traditional states. No doubt that Melia has huge potential being fast growing, high productivity and matching farmers need but as like Tamil Nadu, AP, KN, Gujarat and some extend in Haryana, we do not have market in other states. In case of Tectona grandis, the zeal of planting is more as it take more than 20 years for rotation. Because, small scale industry is present even at village level to big cities for furniture of teak. The using teak furniture in house is considered as status symbol even among poor people too.
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Dear All,
I am working on digital classification and Agroforestry species suitability at Farm level in Indian region. could any one please suggest best model for Species distribution Modeling? where id id availabe? and what data will be required for the best species suitability at farm level scale at Bunds or inside the field. is there any method to find the crop- plant interaction.
Thanks in advance!
best Regards,
Raj
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Any species distribution modelling method (e.g. MAXENT, GLM,... read ) can be used for tree distribution modelling. However, precaution needs to be taken in tree presence data available, bioclimatic, geographic, landuse, and soil data available. Evaluation of the SDM is very important for better results. (check - h ; ; ) For the Tree-crop interaction, the WaNuLCAS model is suitable.
- Sailesh
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Most research using the scoring method by Norton, such as "TOWARDS A METHOD TO SET PRIORITIES AMONGST SPECIES FOR TREE IMPROVEMENT RESEARCH - A CASE STUDY FROM WEST AFRICA" by Jaenicke (1995) receives their score through interviews and questionnaires send to farmers, practitioners or researchers. In my master thesis (Tree selection for an Agroforestry system) however, I want to create this score primarily on existing literature, and complement it by sending questionnaires to experts only for those criteria, where literature is missing. This means I would have to define my own scale (e.g. what pH tolerance of a tree may be suited or not suited to a specific soil) to objectify this very subjective method as much as possible. I am thus wondering, if this could be a feasible way to conduct this method?
In the Handbook "Monitoring and Evaluating Agricultural Research (1993)" Norton speaks of using literature for identifying criteria, but not necessarily for scoring itself, thus I am a little bit confused and would appreciate your help!
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A combination of soil scientists, who typically inventory and map soils, their physical, biological, chemical and moisture regimes and botanists who work to identify native species as well as any desirable or allowable non-native species (ie, non invasive) do typically inventory and map conditions as you suggest. If you have maps of soils series and native species boundaries, you may find some of the available information desired. When analyzing specific activities, such as silvipasture, frequent biomass removal or specialized wildlife treatments, then the activities and actions may necessitate avoiding some species that are sensitive, such as are damaged by compaction, fire, animal damage, too much sunlight (intolerant species selected), too little sunlight (shade tolerant species selected), etc.
Tree improvement programs don't always yield the long term results desired. Taller and faster growing trees may be weaker in strength and subjected to more storm or other damage in some circumstances, such as a National Forest where old growth, storm resilience and longer rotations become more important.
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SDGs are adopted to tackle numerous issues of human mankind and to secure our environment. Nowadays Agroforestry becoming a silver bullet to answer nine out of 17 SDGs on various fronts. Theoretically many are portrayed that agroforestry is a solution but practically (statistical figures) how agroforestry will provide answers to them.
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Have a look at this useful RG link.
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The components constituting agroforestry depend on our culture and the way of living. I need more explanations.
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In Tanzania this can best e described i the context of agroforestry systems which are land management practices in which trees and shrubs are produced on the same land area as agricultural crops or livestock. Agroforestry is designed to help local communities and cultures thrive. With the help of agroforestry specialists, indigenous people and local communities (IPLC) like the indigenous Maasai and hadzabe living in Yaida Chini and Olduvai Gorge in Ngorogoro Conservation Area respectively can continue with their local beliefs and culture while ensuring long term sustainability of the traditional systems. Furthermore, by preserving indigenous working techniques and species, agroforestry also helps to protect humankind’s agricultural heritage.
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ISARA is coordinating the education part of Cacao Forest Initiative (http://www.cacaoforest.org/english) supporting local universities to reinforce education on Agroforestry.
We are looking for any expert (fluent in spanish) for this task
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We have a series of teaching and training options at CATIE, focussing on agroforestry systems with coffee or cacao. Some background information is included in the global review on the potential of agroforestry for climate-smart production:
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Beside dung beetles, I would like to learn more about the diversity of arthropods in silvopasture systems where livestock are kept on rotation. Also what about arthropods diversity in similar systems in temperate zones? Thank you.
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What makes you think that I, a modest Medical Anthropologist with some experience in medical aspects of people's migration, am an expert in this particular matter?
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Agroforesty is the deliberate combination of the agriculture crops and forest trees on the same piece of the land management unit. Researcher generally presumed that the agroforestry systems are only present on the agriculture lands. Although from my point of view agroforestry systems like silvopastoral, Protein bank, Energy plantations are present beyond the agriculture lands. Pleases give suggestion with reference.
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Dear I have a large network in the field ho permit me took a samples from all Algeria territory but especialy from West. Unfortunately I haven't financial support. Ho are interesting to start collaboration with us.
Best regards
Gaouar Semir Bechir Suheil
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Dear Henry
Thanks a lot for your responce. I have a Phd student ho have a problem in genetic caracterization (not financial suport in Algeria). I need any help can resolve this situation by collaboration on any agroforestry tree grown in Algeria.
Best regards
Suheil
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Carbon forestry or carbon credits produced in agroforestry systems can be easily regulated to benefit small and marginal farmers. Though protocols have been developed in Africa and India under CDM mechanism but still this has been is out of understanding and reach of farmers. even many agroforestry extension workers also unaware of these developments. how many successful stories of carbon fiance in agroforestry or plantations and how to scale up its adoption by simple methodologies for lager benefit of framers specially in India. I share any government policy to incentivize the farmers participating through agroforestry and linking same with carbon credits. Can this be one top up to increase the income of farmers. please share the new development on the topic
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its true sir but it need to time to build carbon credits by raising tree and more over it is subsidiary benefit as he will grow it for direct economic gain by selling timber produce.
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Forestry or agroforestry extension is an emerging discipline for determining key factors responsible for its extension or adoption by people. In ear of climate change mainly in developing country agroforestry is economic tool for adoption but it outreach is not beyond fertliser, timber, fuel and fodder. There are various studies conducted for survey and extension but no standard scale is developed for generic criteria. With respect to current scenario what is to be generic scale or parameters for forestry/ agroforestry extension?
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How can agroforestry practice reduce the dependency of farmers on primary agricultural commodities and help to establish the production of value-added products?
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Farmers are becoming more independent from the Government. And can earn significantly more money. To do this, they need not only to grow energy crops for biomass but also to join efforts with businessmen who are ready to transfer gas-fired boiler houses to work on wood chips (biomass). Because it is even more profitable to produce heat from biomass than to grow biomass itself. And the money for the coolants are not paid to other countries, but remain in the region where biomass is grown (energy willow).
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Hello,
I'm looking for recent data on the use of fertilizers and pesticides in EU forestry. Would you know any EU website where I could find it ?
Cheers,
Laurent
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@ Laurent, please check the below websites:
http://ec.europa.eu>eurostat>statistics.explained>index.php>Agri-env
www.fao.org>faostat
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Agroforestry extension is not very widely developed. During last 40 years after scientific agroforestry started different models of new agroforestry developed but their adoption and impact studies are limited. In India like countries it has widespread mixed with traditional agroforestry models. So as you no field or agriculture landscape without trees but what kind of models are more preferred, priorities , adoption and impact not properly known. How to develop criteria and indicators for Agroforestry adoption and impact studies? Is there any such studies please share to improve my studies.
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One can use the methodological framework developed by IIFM for evolving C&I for SFM. we can modify accordingly and use for agroforestry. More over we can use filters to evolve the C&I for Agroforestry systems.
Small work has been carried out by Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra India on Development of C&I for Sustainable Management of Agroforestry
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5kg biomass = ? electricity?
I am searching literature to know the exact value of energy (electricity) we can generate by burning a unit biomass of food crops, forest wastes, grasses etc., so that economic benefits of bioenergy industry (biomass heat for electricity generation) can be calculated.
Thanks
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Don't forget that the chemical energy in biomass fulfils a natural function in assisting its biodegradation and recycling without the release of excess CO2 into the environment. Intercepting or bypassing this part of the natural cycle produces much larger amounts of CO2 and leaves behind an ash residue that is not so easily reconverted into quality soil. Basically biomass isn't "waste" at all - it's just part of the natural carbon cycle, and treating it as waste ignores this important point.
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I am currently undertaking a study on long-term soil fertility changes and organic matter dynamics in cocoa plantations.
I would like to study the effect of organic amendments and fertilizers on soil, and if possible, on cocoa productivity.
I have access to sites to perform a range of analyses, but given the timescale at which cocoa plantations develops, modelling is a complementary tool to understand how soil have changed in the past, and how they could be changed through different management practices.
I looked into the WalNulCas model, but cocoa is not parametrised yet in the crop library.
There is CASE2, a cocoa physiological production model, but soil changes are not integrated (only water regimes).
There is CENTURY, but I am not sure that a cocoa agroforestry system can be simulated with it.
I am currently going for AMG/Hénin-Dupuis, as a plan B, to look at soil changes, but it won't help me with cocoa growth, development and production.
Any suggestions?
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Hi Karen,
The version I had did not have cocoa fully parametrized. I recently met someone with a newer version, and cocoa has now been parametrized.
Could you share with us the download link of the version you use?
Thanks
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Which are the main agroforestry strategies for carbon sequestration? Are the crops yield and the farmers income affected by these strategies?
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Nice response Dr Dobriyal. How do you see a empirical relation between carbon footprint and net primary productivity vis- a- via plant biomass...
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What is the difference between Traditional Agroforestry and Ethnoagroforestry?
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Briefly, traditional agroforestry systems are agricultural systems developed by traditional peoples or communities. I believe that the term "Ethnoagroforestry" represents a branch of the ethnosciences that is responsible for the study of traditional agroforestry systems.
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Agroforestry systems are suggested as sustainable designs in agroecosystems because (among several benefits) they enhance agrobiodiversity. Why then in the agricultural landscapes of more temperate zones agroforestry systems are not constructed as much as in the tropics?
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In fact agroforestry practices have a long history in temperate climates (see this link: http://orgprints.org/18173/1/History_of_agroforestry_v1.0.pdf).
I believe that greater importance is given to these systems in tropical countries, this may be related to the attempt to contain tropical forest deforestation and to overcome rural poverty in these countries, this is seen in the very history of agroforestry systems research and in the itself "agroforestry".
In the 1970s there was a growing concern about land use and the devastation of tropical forests, socio-environmental problems resulting from deforestation for fuel production and expansion of agriculture and livestock were already evident, and poverty was concentrated in the rural areas of countries. In that decade the FAO redirected its policies in search of solutions to poverty and the rapid conversion of forest ecosystems. However, it was the International Development Research Center of Canada (IDRC) that took the first steps in pursuing these solutions.
IDRC subsidized research and expeditions, led by forestry engineer John Bene, to develop agricultural models that would allow the integration of forests into agricultural systems. As a result of their research, in 1977 John Bene and his team published the Trees, Food and People (Link - https://idl-bnc-idrc.dspacedirect.org/bitstream/handle/10625/930/IDL-930.pdf?sequence=1) report, identifying the priority themes for forestry and agricultural research in the tropics, arguing that greater attention should be given to forestry, agriculture and / or livestock farming, emphasizing that this was the key issue for food production and forest conservation. In reference to the integration practices between crops, livestock and forest, the authors suggested the term "agroforestry".
In the 1980s the main focus of the ICRAF was the research with these systems in Africa, from 1990 its area of ​​action expanded to South America and Asia, tropical regions and that much of the population lived in poverty. Other institutions directed also directed more research efforts to these regions, influencing the generation of knowledge and also in a greater popularization of these practices in tropical countries.
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Je suis chercheur en agroforesterie et pour mois les forêts mixtes représentent une alternative crédibles face aux changements climatiques par les multiples services qu'elles peuvent offrir aux populations adjacentes.
Merci de prendre en considération cette préoccupations.
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Merci de cette pertinente réponse.
Je suis d'accord.
Mr Souleye BADIANE
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Anthocephalus cadamba ( Kadamb tree) is a well known fast growing tree used in industrial agroforestry. Its wood has various uses. I am interested on studies on its seed technological and nursery aspects. How best its seed can be collected, storage time and nursery practices. Its vegetative propagation is also standardized but still seedlings has its importance for mass scale planting material. Please share your valuable points and research articles on the topic.
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Propagation Technology
Through Seeds
The ripened fruits are orange in colour, harvested from the trees
during September to December by climbing or shaking the branches
after spreading collection sheets on the ground. The seeds are mature
when the fruit has changed colour to dark brown. The collected fruits
can be allowed to rot for three to four days and pulp is then washed
off by hand in a bucket of water; seeds settled at the bottom are taken
out and dried well. Or, the fruits may be rubbed to form a paste like
slurry, which is passed through a 0.50 mm sieve plate and shaken vigorously (Vijayaraghavan, 2014). The blackish paste sieved
through the plate is collected into a pan and dried to extract seeds.
Each fruit on an average yields 456 mg of seeds. Another method is
by cutting the fruits into small parts and allowing them to dry and
after a few days crush the small parts and separate the seeds. One
gram has around 23,000 to 25,000 seeds..
Seeds can remain viable for up to 6 months at an ambient
temperature (Joker, 2000). According to Martawijaya et al. (1989),
dried seeds stored in airtight containers in a moist room will retain
viability for about one year. The germination rate of fresh seeds is
variable, but generally low at about 25%. When seeds are stored in
cool, airtight boxes for about 2.5 months, a much higher germination
rate (up to 95%) can be obtained.
Because of their small size, the seeds are mixed with fine sand
(1:10) and sown in seedbeds. The sieved seeds need no pre-sowing
treatment. Seeds of about 0.1g (about 2500 seeds) can be sown in
galvanized or wooden trays filled with fine river sand and soil and
treated with fungicide. The seeds better be mixed with sterilized sand
before sowing. They are sown in February at the rate of about 0.2 gm
of seed per m2 of bed. Winter sowing is not successful. Percentage of
germination is high.
The germination of A.cadamba seeds in open beds is generally
difficult. Therefore, plants are invariably raised in shaded beds to
exclude insolation and splashing effects of rain water. Before sowing,
the beds are thoroughly wetted and seeds are broadcast on the top
taking care that they do not get buried in the soil, instead they are
patted with hand. Germination takes place in about three weeks. The
germination percentage is 60-90. The seedlings from the tray can be
pricked and transplanted in polybag containers with fungicide after
attaining a height of 5 cm. Shade cover is needed after transplanting.
Growth is fast under tropical conditions and seedlings could reach
plantable size (30 cm) in 4 to 5 months. Seedlings require periodic
watering in the first stages of development. Common mistakes in
propagation are over-watering and associated disease problems,
over-shading and allowing the germinants to become too large for
easy transplanting leading to malformed tap roots or root curling
in the pots. About 200,000 seedlings can be obtained from 1 kg of seeds in nurseries. Out planting is done with 35-50 cm tall seedlings.
The seedbeds should be protected from heavy rain and not watered
too much as damping-off can be a problem. To prevent damping-off
disease, seedlings should be placed in well-ventilated conditions. A
mild fungicidal spray may also be used to prevent the damping-off
disease (Vijayaraghavan, 2014).
Through Vegetative Propagation
It has been reported that Indole butyric acid (IBA) and Napthale￾neacetic acid (NAA) at 500 ppm treatments give better results than
other treatments (Vijayaraghavan, 2014). Sometimes the treatment
with 5000 ppm of IBA during rooting and survival in air layering
can be valuable. Coppicing is another method used for regeneration
in A. cadamba
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Does Agroforestry practices conserve soil over a short period of time? After how long do we expect soil erosion rate to decrease in agroforestry experiments?
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Hello, At the same time, agroforestry practices can increase energy security considerably in the short run because they can deliver additional fuelwood within a few years, increase agricultural productivity and restore land properties and services .
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There are some articles on potentials of agroforesty for regeneration or increase of productivity for abandoned lands/degraded and or lands with poor soil health. But huge area of such lands in tropics are not converted to agroforesry ecosystems. Please discuss this matter and problems or limitations for such development.
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@ Ratnayake, the major limitations for such developments are: lack of knowledge of the technology, availability of suitable seeds and appropriate skills for development of agroforestry.
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I am working in the Sahel on agroforestry parklands where there is a strong interaction between crops and animals in pasture. The animal brings manure to the soil and the crops produce fodder.
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@Moussa, in addition to suggestions above you may also consider chemical and structural improvement of soil, soil stability and erosion control, crop diversity, micro-climate improvement, microbial and beneficial enzyme activities, shelter habitat for wildlife and economics as an indicator.
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How below ground interactions for water and nutrients can be measured for agroforestry systems ?
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Hello Dana. This is a good question.
There are some field-level techniques that you can do, which I learned about during my research.
First is to have barrier and non-barrier plots. The barrier is made by digging (preferably mechanically) a trench along both sides of the plot (say, 1 m belowground), and lining it with black plastic sheeting up to the surface. This helps to prevent interspecies root competition.
Second, in order to measure for water differences, you can use a couple of techniques. For water, you can install ceramic-tipped lysimeters, which draw up the water, which can be tested. (You can make the lysimeters yourself, or buy them commercially). You can also install tensiometers, which will show you how dry the soil is in various places and depths.
Third, to measure for nutrient differences, you can use N15 isotopic-enriched fertilizer. This can be bought commercially (it's pretty costly). You apply the N15 fertilizer to different plots, and you can follow the fate of the fertilizer into soil, water, crops and trees, by having those samples analyzed in the lab (the N15 will still be present in the samples, even months later). There may be some other fertilizer method that could yield similar results.
Anyway, there are other techniques I'm sure, but those worked pretty well for our research. You can read more about it in some of our research:
Water competition:
Nutrient competition (and evidence for positive phytoremediation effect):
Hope this is helpful. Wish you the best with your research.
Best,
Sam Allen
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Dear colleagues,
I am looking for information on the average biochemical profile of cocoa leaves:
% of cellulose
% of hemicellulose
% of lignin
% solubles
% ash/mineral
... etc
If you also information on other parts such as pod husks, roots and branches, that would help!
Thank you
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I am looking for data on using fruit or nut trees and nitrogen fixing trees as intercrop with C. sinensis assamica (tea plant, tropical variety). For my studies I have to give a recommendation for tea smallholder farmers in Kabarole, Uganda.
Considerations are:
Tea is usually grown between the altitude 1200-1800
Tea has a dense and probably competitive root mat in the top 50-75 soil layer.
Trees make tea plants less receptive for fertilizers. Smallholder farmers usually do not have resources for these inputs.
Smallholder tea farmers face insecurity due to climate change (increased temperature not good for tea plants, therefore shading)
Any information on tea agroforestry would be extremely helpful.
Information on local fruit trees also.
Thanks in advance.
Valentijn Struijk
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Some Neotropical Inga spp produce large pods with very tasty aril. The genus also tolerates a wide range of soils.
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Can anyone point me to sources of information on simultaneous agroforestry systems where biomass of trees and adjacent grain yields, plus grain yields in monoculture have been measured/estimated? They can be from anywhere in the world. I want to compare crop and overall yield with the results of an experiment I worked on in East Africa and there doesn't seem to be much available.
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Perhaps you find something at GARDIAN http://gardian.bigdata.cgiar.org/#!/
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I am analyzing one paper Deheuvelsa et al. 2010 Vegetation structure and productivity in cocoa-based agroforestry systems in
Talamanca, Costa Rica. I have a lot of questions since I am going to characterize the Cacao Agroforest System in Sodconusco Chiapas in other to make a study of Bird diversity and environmental services.
Deheuvelsa and colaborador use a methodology to search the relation between different Cacao Agroforest Clusters (Diversity and Vegetation Structure) and the productivity of Cacao.
They measure cacao productivity as a function of three components.
1) Counting The number of healthy pods in an area of 50mx20m in the center of the cacao Agroforest.
2) They collect 30 cacao pods in 2 seasons before the harvesting, in order to get the dray cacao comercial yield, they weight the fresh beans and applied the 56% discount to the average weight fresh.
3)Finally they estimated the Fresh above the ground plant volume, based on the function basal area x total height.
I am sure those measures are so important and determinant to get very precise data, but I wonder and some colleges suggest that, I could measure just the total dry weight asking the cacao smallholder, and I will get a direct measure of the total productivity of the plantation. But I am sure that I will miss valuable information with such simple method.
Deheuvelsa et al never explains what is the relevance to get those detailed measurements
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In 2011 2 authors from Costarica has done some good work on this and have published it.It is available publicly on RG. However,I am attaching it in case you can not locate it.
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Kindly provide the equations and methods for ecosystem services estimation in Traditional Agroforestry systems?
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Paper suggested by Dr Anil high useful for calculating the the ecosystem services
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Energy accounting in an ecosystem is done different way and emergy analysis proposed by H T Odem is one such method. How to calculate or analyse the energy flow of overall agro ecosystem mainly involving trees components. Any study , references please share.
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These systems have been studied in detail in the last decade to some extent. Results show that there is no significant positive response of cocoa to fertilization in these systems as compared to full sun systems. What could be the most plausible reasons explaining these results?
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Hi Eltson,
To contribute to the reasons for higher fertilizer response in full sun than agroforestry,
- Light limitation is a major limitation to the fertilizer response in the agroforestry system. With the shade trees having the optimum access to light, one could also speculate that; shade trees effectively uptake and out-compete the cocoa plant for the applied nutrients. What could be interesting is to evaluate the fertilizer effect in the agroforestry system through the overall cocoa and shade tree biomass against the full sun.
- Another important factor is soil water availability. Water dynamics are clearly a factor of shade tree species water use characteristics, site rainfall characteristics and importantly soil characteristics as you rightly mentioned.
- Just remember, issue of fertilizer in perennial systems are quite complex and as you could read from Van Vliet et al, (2015), the early studies had some limitations experimental design.
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I want to evaluate different uses of the soil: from industrial agriculture through agroecology and agroforestry to restoration, with dynamic indicators of sustainability.
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awesome! very thank to everyone!
all responses will be closely observed and will collaborate for the project!
Obrigada!
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Agroforestry, Sericulture, Mushroom cultivation, Fish rearing, Dairy farming, Poultry, Olericulture, Pomology or Floriculture all distinguished field are welcome to discuss for the suggestion of doubling farmers' income and its hurdles.
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Claims to the labor efficiency of perennial systems are repeated frequently without citation in the agroforestry literature. I'm looking for some good quant analysis of this question, and finding very little. Any leads?
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Agroforestry systems are much diverse and I guess labor in perenial vs annual crops debate should consider the location/site context.
Some of the literature below:
1. Armengot, L., Barbieri, P., Andres, C., Milz, J., & Schneider, M. (2016). Cacao agroforestry systems have higher return on labor compared to full-sun monocultures. Agronomy for sustainable development, 36(4), 70.
3. Ajayi, O. C., Akinnifesi, F. K., Sileshi, G., & Kanjipite, W. (2009). Labour inputs and financial profitability of conventional and agroforestry-based soil fertility management practices in Zambia. Agrekon, 48(3), 276-292.
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Medicinal trees are important source of alkaloids in the traditional system of medicine. Forests are rich source of variety of medicinal trees and some of them are in agricultural landscape as agroforestry trees. Can anybody suggests some good research papers or reference material on the topic .
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thanks Keenath. ok. you are right silviculture is same but as per silvicultural practices need to be modified to yield desired produce here medicinal produce
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We often find higher moisture under trees when grown together with crops (e.g. maize) as compared to open crop field (e.g. maize monoculture). Similarly we often observe crop yield reduction under trees. While some literature take the higher soil moisture under trees as an advantage, others take it as an indicator for poor performance of crops under trees. Any good paper with empiric evidence in arid and humid regions?
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Dear Ian, any literature on your shared experience?
I also agree with you in the context of silvopastoral systems. However, in crop-tree systems, high moisture content under tree-crops vs open could indicate less transpiration of crops, lower/slow crop growth and eventually poor yields. But again as Ashok mentioned, the effect is crop specific, wheat and other photosensitive crops could benefit from the prolonged higher moisture and elongate their grain filling period which increases crop yields under trees (e.g. Tesfaye et al. 2017 Climate-smart agroforestry: Faidherbia albida trees buffer wheat against climatic extremes in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia ).
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I'm looking for case studies on Land Equivalent Ratio applied to agroforestry systems to develop learning applications to agronomy students. I would appreciate suggestions of published raw data to create exercises with real situations.
An example of publication:
NEWMAN, S. M. A pear and vegetable interculture system: land equivalent ratio, light use efficiency and productivity. Experimental agriculture, v. 22, n. 4, p. 383-392, 1986.
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Agroforestry boost the health of soil, induce water holding capacity (WHC), maintaining soil aggregates, improving soil organic (SOM), facilitating multilayer farming, economically viable and environmentally desirable still research and development is not doing at pace and people not taking much more interest in this field. What are the reasons behind it? Please share your valuable view and research findings.
Thanks and regards, Dr Shankhwar
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Interesting query@ Anil Shankhwar
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I am looking for k1 isohumic coefficient values,
for tropical (cocoa) conditions, in Indonesia.
I would like to use them for a simple Hénin-Dupuis modeling experiment on soil organic matter dynamics.
Otherwise, have you heard of a method to approximate the k1 value depending on the organic material characteristics for example (cocoa litterfall in my case)?
Thanks
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No I don't have
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Is Agroforestry branch of Agriculture or Forestry? Give the suitable reasons and justifications?
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The tree is the main component. There can be agroforestry without crops or without animals, but not without trees (for example: multistrata agroforestry system).
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Ecological interactions between trees and crops are examined in terms of above and below ground utilizations of physical resources. Above ground interactions for light, temperature, and humidity and below ground for nutrient and water are analyzed in terms of possible effects on understory crops.
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Any idea on comphrehensive List of non-edible tree borne oilseeds (TBOs) exist in India. I could find a list of about 90 TBOs. However, In a  report by  ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, it is stated (but not provided) that about 150 non-edible tree borne oilseeds (TBOs) exist in India. 
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also have a look to attached file.