Agricultural Development - Science topic

Special Issue’s Editors: Assoc. Prof. Sławomir Kalinowski, Institute of Rural and Agricultural Development of the Polish Academy of Sciences, e-mail: skalinowski(at)irwirpan.waw.pl Dr Ruta Śpiewak, Institute of Rural and Agricultural Development of the Polish Academy of Sciences, e-mail: rspiewak(at)irwirpan.waw.pl

Social Policy Issues journal (Problemy Polityki Społecznej) is pleased to announce a call for papers for a themed issue dedicated to policies aimed at combating social exclusion in rural areas. Rural areas play a crucial role in the cultural and economic landscape of countries worldwide. They are home to a significant portion of the population, contribute substantially to agricultural production, and maintain traditional ways of life that are integral to national identity. Understanding and addressing the unique challenges faced by these communities is essential for fostering inclusive and sustainable development.

This themed issue aims to gather articles related to social exclusion in rural areas and the policies designed to mitigate it. Suggested topics for submission include, but are not limited to: • Analysis of current policies and their effectiveness in reducing social exclusion in rural areas. • Innovative approaches and best practices in rural development and social inclusion. Local mechanisms determining the specific implementation of national policies in a rural context. • The role of local governments and community organizations in combating rural exclusion. • Case studies of successful initiatives improving access to education, healthcare, and employment in rural areas. • The impact of demographic changes, such as aging populations and youth outmigration, on rural social structures. • Challenges related to climate change, with special focus on farmers, and the situation of individuals at risk of exclusion. • Policies and practices regarding refugees in rural areas.

Instructions and Deadlines:

• We invite abstracts and paper proposals concerning those and other challenges that Social policy for rural areas face. Authors are expected to submit 500-700 word abstracts of their papers. • Abstracts should be sent to guest editor skalinowski(at)irwirpan.waw.pl • Authors will be notified of the status of their submissions by October 15th. For this issue, we plan to accept 5–8 papers. • The manuscripts will be due by the end of March 2025. Submission link: https://www.editorialsystem.com/ppsen • We expect papers between 6,000 and 9,000 words - including abstract, references, and footnotes), edited in accordance with the Journal’s Instructions for Authors. • The publication of the Issue is planned for late 2025, or early 2026.

Have you ever read this article?

Here some good food for thoughts!

To answer this question, it is important to look at the problem from a life cycle perspective, taking into account resources as inputs and waste or pollutants as outputs of the circular economy solution. In order to assess the level of sustainability of a waste management system and to understand which are the best valorisation methods, I investigated the use of Life Cycle Assessment. This research method is very useful to compare different valorisation scenarios to understand which is the best or if a solution is not sustainable.

What is your experience in this area? Mine is partly summarised in the following literature review.

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173977

There are many factors influencing sustainable agricultural development. So how can digital transformation in agriculture change these factors to play an active role in sustainable agricultural development?

How does land wrangling affect Ugandas social economic development in agriculture.

"Determinants = influencing factors"

Only at the local level, not the global level.

It's better to define it step by step: first, development, then agricultural development, and finally sustainable agricultural development.

Special Issue’s Editors: Assoc. Prof. Sławomir Kalinowski, Institute of Rural and Agricultural Development of the Polish Academy of Sciences, e-mail: skalinowski(at)irwirpan.waw.pl Dr Ruta Śpiewak, Institute of Rural and Agricultural Development of the Polish Academy of Sciences, e-mail: rspiewak(at)irwirpan.waw.pl

Social Policy Issues journal (Problemy Polityki Społecznej) is pleased to announce a call for papers for a themed issue dedicated to policies aimed at combating social exclusion in rural areas. Rural areas play a crucial role in the cultural and economic landscape of countries worldwide. They are home to a significant portion of the population, contribute substantially to agricultural production, and maintain traditional ways of life that are integral to national identity. Understanding and addressing the unique challenges faced by these communities is essential for fostering inclusive and sustainable development.

This themed issue aims to gather articles related to social exclusion in rural areas and the policies designed to mitigate it. Suggested topics for submission include, but are not limited to: • Analysis of current policies and their effectiveness in reducing social exclusion in rural areas. • Innovative approaches and best practices in rural development and social inclusion. Local mechanisms determining the specific implementation of national policies in a rural context. • The role of local governments and community organizations in combating rural exclusion. • Case studies of successful initiatives improving access to education, healthcare, and employment in rural areas. • The impact of demographic changes, such as aging populations and youth outmigration, on rural social structures. • Challenges related to climate change, with special focus on farmers, and the situation of individuals at risk of exclusion. • Policies and practices regarding refugees in rural areas.

Instructions and Deadlines:

• We invite abstracts and paper proposals concerning those and other challenges that Social policy for rural areas face. Authors are expected to submit 500-700 word abstracts of their papers by the end of September 2024. • Abstracts should be sent to guest editor skalinowski(at)irwirpan.waw.pl • Authors will be notified of the status of their submissions by October 15th. For this issue, we plan to accept 5–8 papers. • The manuscripts will be due by the end of March 2025. Submission link: https://www.editorialsystem.com/ppsen • We expect papers between 6,000 and 9,000 words - including abstract, references, and footnotes), edited in accordance with the Journal’s Instructions for Authors. • The publication of the Issue is planned for late 2025, or early 2026.

How does sustainable agricultural development benefit both farmers and the environment in India?

Hello all,

I use sensors to measure nitrogen, potassium and phosphor in agricultural soil. Normally, laboratorium tests would be done to measure this. But we use npk sensors. These NPK sensors measure in mg/kg and we are used to fertilizing our soil with data in kg/hectare. So we convert mg/kg to kg/hectare.

We use the following formula for this:

Nitrogen (kg/ha) = (Nitrogen concentration (mg/kg) x Bulk density (kg/m³)x measure depth in cm)/10

This is the way the laboratorium would also convert mg/kg to kg/hectare.

But I question the accuracy of this conversion and am wondering if we can blindly trust this way of converting. We do know our sensors are accurate....

Does anyone have advice for me or experience in this field?

Thank you for your time!

I'm starting my research on the relationship between agriculture and technology (or agro 4.0) and I would like help from the academic community to know which factors I should pay attention to.

Generative artificial intelligence technology is used in various fields of economic activity, in business entities operating in different sectors of the economy, in different spheres of human activity. Intelligent chatbots available on the Internet are used, among other things, for the rapid development of plans, projects of various activities, ventures, etc. Since chatGPT and other similar intelligent chatbots were taught, trained using artificial neural networks as part of a deep learning process on large data sets downloaded from the Internet from selected database websites, libraries, indexing databases of scientific publications, articles and books, etc., so they take into account a large body of knowledge from various scientific disciplines. The aforementioned body of knowledge also covers various aspects of agriculture, including organic farming. In this regard, artificial intelligence technology combined with Big Data Analytics can help in the design, planning and development of a crop farm within the framework of the sustainable organic farming formula as an important component of the green transformation of the agricultural sector, the green transformation of the economy and the protection of the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems. Planning for the green transformation of agriculture takes into account, first of all, increasing efficiency with a return to traditional agricultural techniques developed several centuries and more ago, i.e. agriculture without the use of pesticides, herbicides and other chemical pesticides; cultivated fields of small areas separated by green belts composed of flower meadows, shrubs, trees, forests; various vegetables and fruits grown side by side; crops characterized by high levels of biodiversity; incompletely regulated rivers, occurring floodplains, marshy areas not drained; additionally created ponds and other water reservoirs to collect rainwater; home gardens and orchards with beehive apiaries containing swarms of honey bees; compost piles with superfluous waste from used crops, etc. In addition, sustainable organic farming is being developed with the goal of decarbonizing agriculture in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, including methane, which is particularly dangerous to the climate. Reducing the emissivity will slow down the planet's greenhouse effect and slow down the progressive process of global warming. Besides, the green transformation of agriculture will reduce the scale of environmental pollution, deforestation, contribute to improving the microclimate, slow the process of soil aridity and reduce the scale of increasingly frequent periods of drought. Thus, thanks to the implemented green transformation of agriculture carried out in accordance with the implementation of the goals of sustainable development, climate and environmental social responsibility, the implementation of the principles of sustainable organic farming will significantly increase the scale of sustainability of agriculture in relation to the climate and the surrounding environment. Since in the framework of the carried out green transformation of agriculture, including the planning of farm organization in accordance with the formula of sustainable organic agriculture, it is necessary to take into account a lot of data, information on the ever-changing factors of climate, environment, soil, surrounding natural ecosystems of nature, different techniques of crop production, different varieties of crops, etc. so helpful in this regard probably is the application of analytical technology of multi-criteria processing of large sets of data and information using big Data Analytics platforms and generative technology of artificial intelligence enabling intelligent processing of large sets of data.

The key issues of opportunities and threats to the development of artificial intelligence technology are described in my article below:

OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS AND THE NEED FOR NORMATIVE REGULATION OF THIS DEVELOPMENT

I am conducting research on this issue. I have included the conclusions of my research in my article below:

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Date

In recent years, in connection with the inclusion of the agricultural sector in the process of green transformation of the economy as well, new solutions are being sought, created and implemented to enable the transformation of productive farms into sustainable, pro-environmental, pro-climate, organic farms growing crops and other aspects of agricultural activity in accordance with the principles of organic farming and with the simultaneous implementation of sustainable development goals. Accordingly, on a farm operated in accordance with the formula of sustainable organic agriculture, pesticides and other chemical pesticides and chemically produced fertilizers are not used in agricultural crops, energy is obtained from renewable and emission-free energy sources, water is obtained mainly from rainwater catchment facilities, organic manure and processed organic waste from composters are used to fertilize farm fields, crop rotations are used within the framework of multi-year cycles to restore high soil quality and prevent soil aridity, individual farm fields are separated by green belts and flower meadows to provide foraging areas for pollinating insects, on-farm mini-treatment plants are built to treat wastewater generated on the farm and not used in a specific way for farm purposes, etc. Besides, on a farm run according to the formula of sustainable organic farming, available technologies for the production of biofuels based on organic compost, from organic waste from agricultural crops, through which motor fuel is produced to power tractors and other agricultural machinery, should be used. These may include the construction of biogas plants, where biogas can be produced, which can then be used to power agricultural machinery. Besides, in a sustainable, ecological, pro-environmental, pro-climate farm, agro-tourism activities may also be developed, and certain preserves, food products, such as jams, juices, cheeses, etc., may be produced within the framework of a micro-production activity or manufactory, within the framework of local brands on the basis of organically produced, cultivated crops. In addition, such sustainable, organic agritourism farms may be associated within a local producers' cooperative with silos, warehouses, etc. in which crops from the cultivation of several or more locally operating farms and/or agritourism farms are stored, including or mainly, only those operating under the formula of sustainable organic farming.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Respected all.

I came across the field of animal husbandry and mechanisation I.e use of technology for comfort of animals… plz suggest what can be done and what are the problems we face in animal husbandry practices and probable solutions. I found this is a topic worthy discussing. Keep posting on the previous work done on this aspect as well.

thanks and regards

What are the most effective ways to promote climate smart agricultural practices among small-scale farmers in developing countries, and what role can governments and NGOs play in this effort?

Dear all,

I am working on a formula to assist farmers to have a better irrigation and water management, to help save water. We want them to know when and how much to irrigate their farming fields, we have developed a sensor to assist with soil knowledge but we also need to account for external factors. The external factors are quite a lot (around 8), and I was wondering if anyone has any experience in setting up formulas for these kind of things. If it is not possible to account for all factors, it is possible to let some out of the formula.

First of we have our sensor data, at the moment we only want soil humidity to be in the formula.

Second we want to account for climate data, wind/sun/rain/temperature (maybe air humidity). I think it is possible to not account for all of these, maybe only use rain and temperature.

Third we want to account for: type of plant/ growth phase of the plant and what soil it is grown in. This is data we need to have figured out before, external factors will not influence the value of these so we can set a vast value for this. Because the irrigation needs for an x plant in an x growth phase will always be the same. We need to connect transevaporation rate to it as well.

In my opinion the formule needs to exist out of the first and second information for sure and maybe calculate the outcome of that with the 3rd. But to be honest I do not have the experience or knowledge to figure this out. Is anyone the person or know a person to assist with this. If anyone is able to help us make this formula completely functional, we want to reward as well.

Thank you for taking the time to read this, and hopefully there is anyone with the knowledge and experience.

My sincerely, Morris la Crois

I need the characteristics on both

In order to slow down the progressive process of global warming, it is necessary to increase the efficiency and accelerate the implementation of the green transformation of the economy in order to create a sustainable, zero-emission, green circular economy as quickly as possible. In the process of efficiently implementing the green economy transition, there are several essential components, which include the green energy transition based on the development of renewable and zero-emission energy sources, the development of electro-mobility, the development of sustainable organic agriculture, sustainable energy-efficient construction, low-carbon mining and industry, etc. The development of agricultural cooperatives that run sustainable business ventures supporting farm management, the development of composting facilities, the improvement of the post-agricultural waste separation system and increasing recycling, the development of small-scale renewable and zero-emission energy power plants supplying energy to farms, and the development of biogas plants are important factors in the development of sustainable, zero-emission organic agriculture that also realises the objectives of sustainable development and the principles of a sharing economy and a closed loop economy. Biogas plants, including microbial energy plants that generate energy from biogas that can be produced from livestock manure, can play an important role in bringing about a green transformation of agriculture to create sustainable, emission-free, climate- and environment-friendly organic agriculture, including both sustainable, emission-free agriculture based on crop production and emission-free livestock farming. Biogas plants can be set up and built primarily by farmers' cooperatives and microbial gas plants can be built within individual farms. In this way, farms can be self-sufficient in energy. In addition, a positive pro-climate effect results from the combustion of methane, which is particularly strong in terms of generating the greenhouse effect, because even if the CO2 produced by combustion is not bound into certain rock materials and is released into the atmosphere, the greenhouse effect will be much weaker compared to methane. However, a much better pro-climate solution would be not to emit CO2 into the atmosphere, but to bind it to a specific rock form or to inject it deep into the earth's crust in rock layers that will absorb and chemically bind the gas. In view of the above, biogas plants can play an important role in the development of sustainable, emission-free organic agriculture. However, fully climate-friendly biogas plants will be those that do not generate other greenhouse gases when burning methane. Biogas plants can also produce bioethanol, the combustion of which can be a source of energy and has low emissions.

In view of the above, I would like to address the following question to the scientific and research community:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In different regions of the world, on different continents, more and more negative effects of the progressive process of global warming, of the ongoing climate crisis, etc. are appearing. These include, above all, the natural effects of the loss of biodiversity of natural ecosystems, the effects on water resources of increasingly severe and prolonged droughts, water shortages in certain areas, decreasing rainfall, the drying up of lakes and rivers, the barrenness of soils, the decline in agricultural productivity, etc. In recent years, there has also been an increase in the scale of the emergence of the global crisis. In recent years there has also been an increase in the occurrence of hot weather, increasingly high summer temperatures, the occurrence of forest fires, etc., the drying out of forest litter in forests, a decrease in the humidity of the microclimate in areas of forests, agricultural fields and urban agglomerations. In this way, the living conditions for people in increasingly large areas of land are steadily deteriorating year by year. More and more lakes are drying up. A significant proportion of the large lakes, too, have already reduced their surface area and the water reserves they have accumulated over thousands of years. For example, the surface area of the saline Great Lake in the state of Utah in the USA has decreased significantly over the last few years. This is a result of excessive water consumption (mainly by agriculture) and the ongoing process of global warming. There are many harmful, toxic heavy metal and other compounds on the bottom of this lake. It is a drainless lake, i.e. all waste and toxins settle in the lake. Already half of the lake bottom is above the water surface. The drying up of the lakes results in negative changes in the microclimate around the lake, the barrenness of the soils, the desertification of the surrounding natural environment, the possibility of sandstorms, a decrease in the moisture content of the soils around the lake, a decrease in the productivity of the soils in terms of their use for agricultural purposes. In addition to this, the negative effects of lake desiccation include the negative natural effects of a decrease in the level of biodiversity, both in terms of the lake biosphere and the natural ecosystems functioning in the vicinity of the desiccating lake. In view of the above, it is increasingly important to improve and increase the scale of protection of lakes from drying out and to create solutions to counteract or slow down this unfavourable process. These solutions include prohibiting the extraction of water from a drying-up lake for industrial, agricultural, municipal, etc. purposes. If the drying-up lake is located in a predominantly agricultural area, an important solution may be the creation of new deep wells, rainwater harvesting systems, a change in the agricultural model from unsustainable to sustainable ecological agriculture and, in areas close to the seas and oceans, the development of seawater desalination systems.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What is your opinion on this?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

I would like to submit a successful experience of resilience by many enterproner women who have invested to revive the aqueducts (Qanat) of their villages.

Preferely a free and open access indexed in SCOPUS!

Article type may be as a Letter to editor, case report, or descriptive analysis.

by providing comforts to the operator.

Climate Summit COP27 taking place. In COP26 Glasgow took lace last year, and it was wasted time, mere pretence of political leaders on this Climate Solution Topic.

All "mere go round" like, going on and on, with talk no action let alone appropriate essential action.

Now back again on 3 points. About acknowledgment of the loss and damage, yes, and I strongly urge not to give out compensation funds out, to underdeveloped countries, instead to take on the task to work on the essential solution, mitigation and necessary adaptation, on the Climate Solution Task.

There small funds were given out and their regional/state corrupt leaders pocketed them out, left the damages to be worsen.

We need a team work, responsibility, I have explained in my book Action Plan Climate Solution, and in the joint plan proposal on Methane project. We have invited, and shared our proposed solution with world's political leaders and their collaboration bodies already.

Regards

Fatema Miah

The decline in agricultural production and exports in many countries is pushing up food prices. The scale of food shortages will increase in many countries and the risk of a food crisis is growing. More and more data confirms that after the recent pandemic economic crisis 2020, the growing economic crisis caused by high inflation, the developing energy crisis in 2023, there will also be a food crisis in many parts of the world. In the current 2022, a number of factors have simultaneously emerged that could lead to a food crisis and hunger in many countries of the world. These include the following factors:

1. the war in Ukraine (production and exports of cereals and other agricultural crops from Russia and Ukraine have fallen significantly).

2. Record heat, drought, forest and crop field fires in many parts of the world (in India, record heat reaching 50 ct. C in the shade; drought throughout the western states of the USA; in central and eastern Africa the worst drought in 40 years).

3. Flooding of farmland in China in 2021 (30 million acres of farmland under water. Chinese authorities have announced that the 2022 crop yield could be the lowest in the context of the previous few decades).

4. postcovid broken chains of international logistics and supplies.

5. in 2020, the Lebanese capital Beirut suffered a gigantic explosion at the port that destroyed all infrastructure, including huge grain silos.

For these and other reasons, the number of people in the world at risk of hunger has increased by 80 per cent in the last five years, from 108 million to 183 million people.

After Vladimir Putin ordered 200,000 Russian troops into Ukraine, the global food situation went from poor to bad. Especially this negative trend is developing in poor countries, where economies are underdeveloped and income levels of citizens are also low.

Before the war, Ukraine was the 5th economy in terms of global wheat exports, 3rd in barley exports, 3rd in maize exports and 1st in oilseed exports (e.g. sunflower). In Ukraine, areas of fertile chernozem extend as far as Manzuria. Before the war, Ukraine produced 9 per cent of the world's wheat, and together with Russia, this is now 30 per cent. Ukraine generated 20 per cent of the world's maize exports. By contrast, Ukraine's exports of sunflower oil account for as much as 75 per cent of the global share. Food exports from Ukraine are also estimated at 1/8 of all calories sold globally. Most of these exports before the war, i.e. before 24 February 2022, were loaded onto ships in Odessa and Novorossiysk and transported to the Middle East and elsewhere in the world. The war has created serious problems for food production and export in Ukraine. The Russians have blockaded the Black Sea ports with their Black Sea fleet.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the honourable community of scientists and researchers:

How can the scale of the development of the food crisis be reduced?

What is your opinion on this topic?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Gender in Agricultural development

I perceived that rural community members with ample experience tend to participate on various agricultural development activities than educated one (who are searching for other employment opportunities)

Climate-Smart Agriculture “Agriculture that sustainably increases productivity, enhances resilience (adaptation), reduces/removes GHGs (mitigation) where possible, and enhances achievement of national food security and development goals” is an approach guide to improve productivity and income of subsistence agriculture system and also, provide agriculture development for food security, climate change adaptation and mitigation (FAO, 2013). Climate-Smart Agriculture has three goals: firstly, increasing agricultural productivity to support increased incomes and food security, secondly, resilience adaptive capacity, and thirdly, decreasing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing carbon sinks.

Therefore, the design of adaptation using CSA concept to suit each social-ecological sub-system is needed. Thereafter, these CSA alternatives have to be assessed against the future risk to support selection of CSA design using food security and greenhouse gas emission indicators that could enhance resilience of highland social-ecological system

Considering a four wheel skid steering heavy robot of one ton, I need to know the minimum torque needed to rotate itself from standstill.

Are the calculous very easy or there is a paper that is exhaustively focused on this issue?

In my opinion, the wheels torque should be greater than (i.e. win) the static friction considering that all four wheels are not rotating. Indeed the robot should move normal to its longitudinal axe which in our case coincides with the longitudinal axes of the wheels.

Other than the impact of an agricultural environment on the static friction, what is the impact of the wheel orientation?

What is the impact of the center of gravity in case it does not coincide with the center of area?

Thank you very much

Stefano

[redacted]

The One Health approach is gaining more and more importance in the concert of integrated studies on human, animal and plant health, of microorganisms, as well as in studies of soil health and ecosystems in general, at a time of frank deterioration of biological diversity.

The One Health approach is paramount in the observance of the safety of productions intended for both human and animal consumption.

What theoretical and practical elements do you consider that should not be neglected when planning a study of the relationships that make up the One Health approach in a community of agricultural producers?

The purpose is to ensure that the producers end up empowering themselves with a careful productive attitude in the terms that are raised with the One Health approach.

What are most important characteristics used for land evaluation to know capability productivity to establish agricultural development?

Agriculture is the basic sector of national economies. The technological progress that has been taking place over the millennia, including mechanization and the chemization of agriculture developed since the beginning of the 20th century, through the use of chemical plant protection products, and then genetics have increased yield per hectare. Technical and technological progress in agriculture has also contributed to the gradual decline in employment in agriculture. However, these are not the most serious problems of agriculture. However, many scientific studies and data of climatologists suggest that in the near future, in the 21st century, these will not be the most serious problems of agricultural development. Well, in the 21st century, due to the progressive global warming, crop acreages and areas of arable land can be significantly reduced. In connection with the emission of greenhouse gases in the perspective of the next dozen or so years, the process of global warming may enter the phase of acceleration of this warming and the inability to reverse this process if man in the coming years fails to implement pro-ecological reforms to implement sustainable and pro-ecological development based on national and global economy. the concept of a new, green economy. If this negative scenario was to be realized then by the end of the 21st century at the latest the average temperature at the Earth's surface will increase by as much as another 4 degrees C, which will increase and increase the scale of increasingly emerging climatic cataclysms, all glaciers and arable land areas they will decrease. As part of climate disasters, droughts, desertification and steppping of existing areas covered with greenery will appear. These processes will also reduce arable land areas. There will be problems with the boarding of a large part of the population, the scale of the national migration of people in search of places to live will increase, to survive. More and more permanent economic crises will appear and the risk of dramatic events, including wars, will increase. Humanity can not let this happen. This is the main challenge of humanity for the 21st century. In the near future, ecological innovations, renewable energy sources, streamlining the process of waste segregation and recycling, the electromobility of motorization etc. should be developed. Scientific research shows that these projects should be carried out on a large scale globally already in the perspective of the next decade. Otherwise, the process of global warming will accelerate and become an irreversible process, which in turn would lead to a global climate disaster at the latest at the end of the 21st century.

In view of the above, the current question is: The importance of agriculture in modern economies in the context of the progressive global warming of the Earth?

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.

I would be grateful if you could help me find out one or few case studies in the Pacific region where soil erosion in pineapple fields is efficiently managed.  As part of a regional project (www.spc.int/resccue) dedicated to integrated coastal zone management  in the Pacific region, I would like to identify few case studies where soil erosion in pineapple fields is correctly managed in order to organize a technical exchange between pineapple producers in French Polynesia and producers in other places of the Pacific region.

Many thanks for your answer.

Do not hesitate to contact me if you need further information.

Best,

Mr CHARLES mahe / RESCCUE project coordinator in French Polynesia

In many coastal places, coastal wetlands have been drained and converted to agricultural land (a process often also called reclamation). But the names for the infrastructure that creates them, and the resulting landscapes, vary widely. For instance, here in Nova Scotia, Canada, the barrier is usually called a dyke (or dike), penetrated every so often by aboiteaux (one way gates that let fresh water out but prevent sea water coming in), and the agricultural land behind is called dykeland or agricultural marshland, formed and ditched to facilitate drainage. But in the UK similar landscapes are called fenlands (at least in some places) and in the Netherlands polders. We are trying to compile a global glossary of similar landscapes. Can you help us find other such terms where you live or work?

This is especially in context of poverty struck and agricultural dependent regions/population

I am interested in knowing sensor relay materials, development and construction of

, so as to try and do research for the use of drones for agricultural development and maintenance of crops while reducing agricultural waste byproduct from chemicals such as insecticides, pesticides by not only providing a highly detailed soil analysis both before and during, as well as the use of for a continuous system of periodical "on-site" checks and maintenance schedule with consistency and accuracy in all weather conditions, climates, and geo-locations.

We are having a seed dryer soon in our Farm. In our assessible markets, grain dryers are common but getting choices for seed dryer is not. I am concerned about germination of seeds if dried in grain dryer which doesn't have temperature control options. Please suggest me mechanical seed drying options suitable for a farm that produces seeds in about 30Ha of land.

Any research available on 1st, 2nd & 3rd Wave of COVID-19, and different economic responses by Top 3 Suffering Countries (USA, Brazil & India) ?

I am looking for Economic Responses in Each Wave by the top COVID-19 suffering countries,

How it lead them to prepare for the another wave ( In Economic terms)

Is technological progress in agriculture based on the application of scientific discoveries in the field of biotechnology, genetics, automation and robotics of field works, implementation of biodiversity principles and the creation of resistant to fungal, viral, bacterial and other cultivar diseases, etc. with the elimination of the use of chemical plant protection products will enable in the 21st century the development of sustainable environment-friendly agriculture, ie the kind of agriculture thanks to which healthy vegetables, fruits, grains free from pesticides and other chemical plant protection products and organic farming, ie non-polluting, are produced?

Please reply

Best wishes

I want to know role of agricultural exhibitions in agricultural development or in farmers empowerment.

Agricultural development in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 posed quite a challenge, because of the narrowing of agricultural land caused by the conversion of land to non-agricultural functions. This is compounded by the lack of a young generation workforce (millennial) who are interested in working in the agricultural sector, especially in developing countries, as well as the diminishing benefits of experts in agriculture whose knowledge is not really used by farmers (death of expertise), because farmers are already much to know from Google. What is the right solution to solve the problem.

Is ecological sustainable agriculture developed according to the concept of natural ecosystems, including the genetically-based genetically-scaled species that will be used in a limited, fully controlled environment, help in the 21st century in increasing the productivity of crop production in the situation of declining areas of arable land?

In connection with the warming up of the Earth's climate by the end of the 21st century, a significant part of the arable land will be either flooded by the seas and oceans or will be excluded from the production of crops due to intensifying drought. As part of the civilizational progress, including increasing the productivity of crop production per hectare, it will be necessary to continue research in this field. As part of the pro-ecological development of agriculture based on the assumptions of sustainable pro-ecological development, ie the concept of green economy, chemistry should be gradually reduced to reduce environmental pollution and reduce the impact of chemicals on human health and other life forms. In this way, the adverse impact of civilizational imbalances in natural ecosystems will be limited. In connection with the above, the aim of continuing increasing the production efficiency of agricultural crops per hectare in the future will be intensified by mechanization automation, robotization, improvement of weather forecasting and logistics systems for field works, and improvement of current crop varieties by increasing their resistance to viral and bacterial diseases, fungal, parasitic etc. An important field of research and scientific discipline, thanks to which it is possible to gradually improve current crop varieties by increasing their resistance to diseases is genetics. In addition, it is necessary to improve irrigation and greenhouse systems due to the progressive global warming and more and more often natural cataclysms. It is also important to improve the techniques of recycling and re-use of waste from intensified agricultural production, so that those wastes that are unsuitable for re-use were as few as possible. It is also important to limit the wastage of produced crops, reduce and develop the recycling of organic waste from the food production process in the agri-food processing sector. As part of the development of sustainable agriculture, it is also important to develop organic farming referring to natural ecosystems. This type of agriculture refers to natural ecosystems in which primary varieties of arable crops function or function. As part of this concept of ecological agriculture, different agricultural crops grow on one agricultural area, which also limits the potential scale of pest feeding and feeding, and ensures a better economy of savings in the use of plant protection products. Therefore, the use of genetics should be limited only to the successive improvement of current varieties of agricultural produce by increasing their resistance to viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic diseases, and not to create completely new species of flora and fauna. In this way, through the process of improving, increasing resistance to diseases of agricultural crops, genetics would help to restore or at least significantly increase the natural balance in intensified agriculture. For this process to work it is necessary to develop also the above-mentioned other techniques of environmentally-friendly sustainable development of agriculture. All of the above-mentioned techniques must be applied in a purposefully, precisely planned integrated system of managing sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture. In this way, the developed agriculture will be adequate to increase the risk of unfavorable effects of the progressive global warming of the Earth's climate and will be one of the most important determinants of the globally developed sustainable economic development of the entire human civilization, ie deliberately oriented development according to the concept of green economy.

In view of the above, the current question is: Is ecological sustainable agriculture developed according to the concept of natural ecosystems, including the genetically-based genetically-scaled species that will be used in a limited, fully controlled environment, help in the 21st century in increasing the productivity of crop production in the situation of declining areas of arable land?

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.

The North eastern region of India (26.3 m ha geographical area) is having an unique geographical and environmental characteristics with very high annual rainfall, no or meagre rain during November to March, soil acidity, P fixation, soil, nutrient and biodiversity loss due to primitive farming practices like along the slope cultivation, shifting cultivation, lack of soil and water conservation measures and so on. The major challenge is sustaining food security and at the same time conserve natural resources. Drought, floods, hailstorms, cyclone, land slide, earthquake etc are major natural disasters in the region which farmers/people face every year. By 2050, about 30% deficiency in food grains is projected. Oilseed and pulses sector deficiency remain very high. Same is the situation in fish, milk, meat, eggs and so on. Only Horticulture sector is able to meet the requirement and provide a reasonable surplus, thus, there is opportunity for processing and value addition to enhance income and employment. Massive infrastructure and investment is needed for meeting seed and planting materials requirement for crop, animal and fishery sector. Mechanization is still one of the lowest in the region and restricted mostly to rice cultivation that too for field preparation, threshing etc. Light weight automated machines are required for field preparation, planting, intercultural operations and so on. There are large number of farm machines available in various parts of the country many of them may be suitable for the region, with only a little modification. Conservation agriculture is the real need of the region with principle not restricted only to three but beyond like agroforestry, integrated farming system, efficient water use, integrated nutrient management and so on. Rain water harvesting and its efficient utilization, acid soil amelioration, and sustaining soil fertility through integrated nutrient management holds key for achieving Sustainable Development Goal in the region. Addressing shifting cultivation through improved management approaches and farmers participation is also the focus at present. Trans boundary pests (insects and diseases)-their survey and surveillance and adequate management is the major thrust for protecting crop and animal. Addressing marketing and socio-economic issues are also important aspect of agricultural development of the region. Look forward suggestions for devising effective agricultural plan for sustainable hill agriculture. Collaboration and partnership in research is welcome to achieve the goal of self sufficiency and resilience in farming.

Most of the current laws within this sphere were designed before the rapid progress of digital agriculture and therefore they can be interpreted differently. Most of the farmers using benefits of digital agriculture are concerned about data use (or theft) since they are no ICT experts and the data can be used for various reasons. Is it really a data theft then, since some of that data could (and should?) be used by the local (of national) agriculture authorities to monitor the agricultural process or production of the farmer (in case of governmental incentives)? For what else can it be used in that case? What if the software is freeware as a part of the agricultural incentives for farmers? To what level the farmer should be informed about it since there is no possibility to guarantee what will happen with that data in practice?

How do you see the advancement of the law in this field? How do you assess the current situation? Let me know what do you think.

Lots of people think that world poverty is increasing, the poor get poorer, world hunger is expanding, food production is stagnating, and future prospects are even worse . Why? All figures tell otherwise. Exactly the opposite, in fact,

For recent periods (1960-2012, or 1980-2012 or 1990-2012, etc.) all the following are true according to existing data: Malnutrition prevalence is decreasing (WHO), child mortality rates are decreasing (UNICEF), per capita food production and per capita food consumption are both increasing (FAO), quality of average diet is improving (FAO), rate of undernourishment is decreasing (FAO), farm land productivity is increasing (FAO), prevalence of poverty is decreasing by any measure (World Bank, UNDP/Human Dev Index, and many academic studies). Asia is progressing fastest, followed by Latin America, and even Africa is also progressing fast since 1990-2000 (unlike precedent periods). Much yet to be achieved, of course, but the world is going forwards, not backwards. And projections for the future (e.g. FAO for 2050) envisage further improvement, even after accounting for climate change and other factors.

How will agriculture look in the future? It seems that precision agriculture is gaining importance very quickly, especially in large-scale production. For example, the use of satellite images, remote sensing, drones, automated tractors, etc. is that the dominant trend in agriculture? Should we include these topics in the professional education? I would like to know your opinion or experience, thank you.

What are the conditions for the vonversion? in many countries where conventional agriculture predominates, it seems something very difficult or impossible to achieve, I am referring to the conversion of large-scale conventional systems to agroecological systems.

I would like to know your opinion or experience, because I only know small-scale agroecological productions.

Every year, millions of tons of food of food are wasted in every highly developed country. How should the logistics of deliveries of agricultural products be improved and the consumers of food products to be more economical in order to economise the purchased food so that citizens do not throw so much food into the trash? How to change the habits of consumers? What institutions should still be created to take away unused food from consumers and, if it is suitable for consumption, efficiently, systematically transfer it to poorer countries in which food is lacking? In connection with the above, the current question is: How can the food waste in developed countries be systematically reduced?

Please reply. I invite you to the discussion.

Technology adoption rates amongst small-scale farmers in the Global South (e.g. Africa) remain low, even when scientific evidence shows that a particular technology is beneficial.

Hello all,

What recommendations do you have of books providing a strong survey of key issues impacting international agricultural development? I'm especially looking for something with a strong global outlook (many resources I'm finding are very USA-centric)? I have previously used Gordon Conway's One Billion Hungry, however, published in 2012, it is starting to show its age. What would you recommend?

Thanks,

Noel

If anyone is interesting to share your experience with me on application of Public Private Partnership Extension approaches for technology dissemination, input supply change, information management, Agricultural development project. please response

70 percent intensified production of agricultural products is absorbed by the production of livestock, above all for the purpose of meat production.

If this production would be burdened with the costs of neutralization of harmful, negative effects of environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emissions generated by intensified meat production, then a correspondingly higher meat price would take into account the costs of repairing the mentioned negative externalities.

Then, a drop in meat consumption would generate a drop in the intensification of agricultural production. At that time, most of the agriculture could switch from intensified, productive agriculture to organic farming.

Generally healthier agricultural produce would be produced with a much smaller amount of applied chemistry, and overproduction of agricultural produce could be redirected to the poorest countries to eliminate the problem of hunger in Africa.

Do you agree with my opinion?

Please reply

Best wishes

What certification options exist, which would be the most appropriate to certify small productions of poor families, do you have any experience. What is your opinion about certification companies, are they really an option for small scale producers?.

Multi-Market-Models were much famous a decade ago to carryout policy simulations. Are they still famous in economics now? Scope for publication in the present time?

Thanks in advance

I'm in the first stages of an attempt to chronicle the history of Sharecropping in the U.S. for a school project and I've been unable to find anything definite about its presence in modern agriculture, if any.

Would definitely be curious (and appreciative!) of anything anyone has to contribute on the topic of Sharecropping, generally, as I am more or less stumped.

according to you what are Hot problems currentlyworld is facing? And what solutions you would suggest to solve them?

It can be said that government support can take different forms depending on the type of liberal democracy, equality based or inequality based. Hence, we should be able to expect to see specific type of government support associated with equality and inequality based liberal democracy, which raises the question, what type of government support should we expect in each case? What do you think?

I am planning build my career in agricultural development using remote sensing. Now I started surfing through articles for gaining knowledge. Could anyone can suggest me some articles?

In India there is a high demand of cotton picker which can save time and labour for cotton growers.

Looking for a company/ institution that sells/ is developing a remote sensor capable of mapping soil moisture to highest possible resolution (10-15 m) for use in agricultural crop monitoring.

To put you in the context, our work consists in realizing a machine learning model which takes a vector with the properties of a farm, includes the weather why not.Then from a database of crops, make a recommendation of the most suitable crop for the soil. Therefore a recognition on the elements which help in this decision is an important part before starting the collection of the data necessary for the model.

Which is the better in the issue of agricultural development ... is the planning will be centralized or decentralized?

How can one balance both economic motives and environmental concerns in the process of research for agricultural development?

Thinking about food crop production this year, will there the surplus or shortage as a result of the global pandemic?