Aging - Science topic

Human energy has been transformed into a useful form of energy, both physical and intellectual, it is absolutely central to the functioning of the economy. Even with all the technological advances, automation and mechanization, the human contribution of human energy remains irreplaceable in many ways.

- The human workforce is needed to operate machines, perform manual tasks, transport goods and provide services in areas where automation is not yet viable or desirable.

- The human capacity to think, innovate, make decisions, negotiate and adapt is essential. Creative thinking, solving complex problems, interpersonal interaction and making differentiated decisions are skills that, until now, artificial intelligence has not been able to fully replicate.

- Human relations form the basis of many economic activities. Trust, cooperation and communication are central elements in commercial transactions, negotiations and partnerships.

- Consumption is a pillar of the economy. It is humans who make purchasing decisions based on needs, desires, values and emotions. This consumer behavior drives production, employment and economic growth.

While technology and automation have transformed many aspects of production and services, humans continue to be at the center of the economy.

Humans are not just a “part” of the economy; they are the very essence of it.

Without human energy, intellect and decision-making power, the economic system as we know it would not exist.

Head and neck cancer management and cancer stem cells implication

Identification and Characterization of Cancer Stem Cells from Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines

Cancer Stem Cells in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Identification, Characterization and Clinical Implications

The best and safest artificial sweeteners are erythritol, xylitol, stevia leaf extracts, neotame, and monk fruit extract Md Rabiul Alam

Dear Umair Nisar

Differential voltage analysis has been applied to various lithium-ion cells, to study degradation reactions (side reactions) as a function of cycle number. Standard cycling data is used to calculate either dQ/dV or dV / dQ, which is then plotted against the voltage. In dQ / dV plots, the peaks represent phase equilibria, whereas, in dV / dQ plots, the peaks represent phase transitions. Differential capacity (dQ/dV) analysis allows you to observe what is happening in a battery (including degradation, failure mechanisms, changes in chemistry) in much greater detail than can be observed using aggregate statistics like capacity, energy, and efficiency per cycle.

Conceptually, dQ/dV describes the incremental capacity going into our out of a device over a given voltage increment (some also prefer to use the inverse, differential voltage, dV/dQ). Differential capacity can be derived from raw time series current and voltage data, or accessed directly using a Battery Intelligence platform such as Energsoft. The differential capacity plot displays dQ/dV on the vertical axis, plotted against potential on the horizontal axis, with the loop in this plot showing one charge-discharge cycle.

dQ/dV Differential capacity curve Where there is a peak on the curve meaning the charge and discharge curves have a voltage platform, and different peaks represent different electrochemical reactions.

Have a look at the following RG links.

U have to extend the aging duration by using RTFO, and correlate the data to define how long it should be extended.

Hi Anthony L, Yes: we often used the DNA-damaging drug etoposide to induce senescence. Soluble in DMSO. 10 uM was often ok, though the best concentration can vary with the cell type -- it gets toxic at higher concentrations (because extensive DNA damage is toxic). It was added to recently plated cells for 48 h, then removed, and the cells were left for 5 days to develop the senescent characteristics -- although this may also vary with cell type. So for a new cell type you might want to try lower and higher concentrations, and different timings. We published this method (used as a positive control) in Cairney CJ et al. 2017, PLoS Genetics. (See Supplementary File 2.)

NASA Ames Prognostics Center of Excellenc :

(published 12 November 2020)

Dear Mostafa Shaban

Many thanks for this. This is really useful!

P.J.

It feels great to share it. Hope you find it useful P.J. White

The Society for Integrative and Comparative biology is actually taking more abstracts until October 28th, 2020. And, we are still looking for people to participate in the complementary session to our canine science symposium, so your work is still most welcomed!

To submit your abstract, please go here: http://sicb.burkclients.com/meetings/2021/abstracts/late.php

Hello Tahir, can you please explain how you tested for occupation etc in AMOS?

Please take a look at these useful RG links.

Thank you, colleagues! Eventually I managed to fit the model by the algorithm described in the Appendix B to Ricklefs (1998), thanks to my mathematician friend Igor Sizov who made a working example of this tricky thing so that I understood how it is calculated. If you're curious, see the fitted curves in the attachment. Blue colour are males, red colour are females. Solid lines are the curves fitted by NLS (non-linear least squares), dashed lines are the curved fitted by ML (maximum likelihood).

It is clear for me that NLS curves better fit to the data, while ML curves overestimate the lifespan and do not pass through "older" points. Both procedures use unweighed points. If we use weights, both methods fit worse, and begin to ignore right side points since there are fewer number individuals in older age.

So, think that further I will focus on the unweighted NLS method.

Cheers!

i want to assess the attitude of my young university students attitude towards aging. that is why i am highly interested towards your standardized scale.

@ Liesbet De Bosschere

Please have a look at the following RG links.

Thanks!

Maybe this: could be a good entry point for finding the most appropriate way to solve this.

Thank you all! I have looked into senescence in cultured cells, and will likely use β-galactosidase (or possibly another factor for which I can borrow an antibody) for my long-term cultures.

I am interested in looking at mTOR signaling eventually, as well. This is very helpful, as I am the only one currently looking at aging in my lab!

Yes! That's one of his core areas! And Mathias Alemand (University of Zurich) together with Patrick Hill (Washington University in St. Louis, USA) are co-editing a book which will appear towards summer this year entitled "Personality and Healthy Aging".

I have similar question as Xinyi Cho. What is the reference weight a SD rat should reach to consider obese? Or how many percentage of increase in weight compared to the control rats is considered obese?

Any form of disinhibition from drugs or dementia for example will release hitherto suppressed profanities. This is clearly seen nowadays with the phenomenon of the Midnight Tweeter. See my RG question Do drugs release racist comments?

yes i mostly used for more information you can see

This may be helpful....

It's a contentious question if consider it in human for which there is almost no evidence. In animal models there are certain reports, especially in Zebrafish. Just a lab have published a preprint about it. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/06/08/057893

Christa,

Well, it's really a problem. I also asked a couple of companies but none of them has old DBA/2.

I'm just thinking probably we could collaborate. I need hematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow which you might not need. Or, if it works for you of course, is it possible that I buy a few aged DBA from you if you don't need them all...?

As you know, it takes time to age them by ourself so we don't really want to do that. I would appreciate it a lot if you can help us!

Daozheng

My email: d.yang@umcg.nl

I do really agree with David James views. You question revolves around yield regulation. There are some published works that can provide you some insights. However, its applicability depends upon the edapho-climatic regions of your country.

Hi,

Living systems is a result of thousands of consecutive biological reactions, catalyzed by specific enzymes, in orchasetrated manners. NAD/NADH & NADP/NADPH are very important biological cofactors, participating mainly in numerous cellular oxidation/reduction reactions, as an electron acceptor(to be reduced) or donner(to be oxidized). There is another biological cofactor known as FAD(Flavine Adenine Dinucleotide) also participates in biological reactions. And the particular enzyme involved in each reaction, has strong choice (specificity) for its cofactor of either NAD or NADP or FAD, to catalyze the reaction optimally. This specific choice for cofactors of the catalyzing enzymes, makes other analogues unsuitable for biological reaction. The specificity depends on many factors as three dimensional conformity of the subustrates, enzymes, cocfactors and redox(reduction/oxidation) potential of the reaction & reactants etc.

Although there may be some artificial or synthetic analogues that may somehow support a biological reaction in lab conditions, the reation rate may not be optimum as in biological system. So, if cellular reactions do not run optimally, there must be some traffic congestion, thus making the whole system go-slow or idle (ageing?). All These make NAD/NADP so important. Good luck for you.

Hi Sina,

There is the "DNA methylation clock", named "epigenetic clock": the degree of methylation of few CpG loci reflects the biological age. It keeps track of the "solar years", except for many diseased tissues which appear "epigenetically older" than healthy tissues, and has a different pace in different tissues.

Two reviews about this question: PMID: 25913071; PMID: 25341512. There are many recent papers about the epigenetic clock but not that many reviews. One founding paper: PMID: 24138928.

Dear Researchers

Thanks for the paper suggestions by you. Went through all of them and also a few more which took me a time of a couple of months to write back to you.

The idea developed from the papers are useful and quite interesting.

The mTOR pathway is not related to mechanism of natural aging, therefore it unable to be the basis for elaboration of radical remedy for senescence (see: Trubitsyn A.G. “The Lag of the Proliferative Aging Clock Underlies the Lifespan-Extending Effect of Calorie Restriction” Current Aging Science, 2015, 8, 220-226.) ;�};��Q*G��ȵK�9

The probability depending on the environment which is always diverse will undoubtedly create suspicion/paranoia/ and habit forming points of consumption where gateway and comfort leads to forensic psychology on a clinical and enhanced therapeutic level.

I believe there is a genetic component here. I found what I was looking for - thank you!

Hey Nazli,

It would depend on what polymers you are using but thermoplastics above glass transition temperature will undergo alignment of polymer chains when placed under load. This alignment strengthens and stiffens the material (in the direction of the load) and is used with some polymer threads to improve their mechanical properties. This process may be occuring with your samples with the first contractor.

Mat

i send you message, and lets start to work on this research,

I agree with Ron's assertion that aging is, to some degree, linear. It may nevertheless be possible to progressively increase activity throughout up to a point. Imagine, activity is increased slowly through one's 40s to 80s, e.g. then, life happens and an illness or injury impairs the individual's capacity to remain active and there's a sharp drop-off that persists over the remainder of their life. If that remainder is very brief, then sure, the goal of increasing activity throughout one's life was met. At the very least, it could be shown that activity was progressively increased more than had previously been demonstrated.

Thank you for your contributions.

Hello António Alberto da Silva Francisco 

please check the resources related to your topic

Looking forward to reading your paper Beatrice

Once the shock absorber seal gets damaged due to longer usage of shock absorber, the oil will come out. Otherwise the shock absorber will have maximum age

dear Aditya,

what are the specific temperatures ? do you apply any stresses? do the twin dislocations disappear at all conditions?

If you observe a significant grain growth it could be the cause for the twin reduction, since also the growth means a total energy reduction. As stale dislocations require a certain volume of material (max. dislocation density) a shrinking grain with a dislocation in it will contribute to further grain growth, respectively cause dislocation silp at some Point when the local energy reaches a certain Level.

Thank you Igor Kurochkin for the database. In this one you can select people without dementia, which is what I want. But you do not have the young people expression unfortunately.

Biomarkers? There is a rhenium-osmium clock

for bitumen. Carbon dating goes back only

a few thousand years.

Regards,

Joachim

In perennial trees, we usually measure the thickness of both scion and rootstock to see the response to inputs and scion girth just above the bud union will give the age of the trees, which comes through experience , not a concrete method at all...Dr Anshuman Singh ..

The question is quite old, but the answer for this question is yes. With simple tools the primary care physician may screen for frailty, and it is not very diffucult to perform. When we talk about frailty, we all know that frail older person you may easily recognise. As a nurse, I may point out that not only physician may screen for frailty,it may be done also by other health team members, eg. nurses.

Thank you so much!

I have not seen the article. If well written, it can be publishable, I can only pronounce that if I read it. 

145 years:

Oldest Man In History Claims To Be 145 But Wants To Die | IFLScience

www.iflscience.com/editors.../oldest-man-in-history-claims-to-be-145-but-wants-to-di...

Aug 31, 2016 - When you're approaching a century and a half, you can be reasonably pleased with your innings, although at 145 years of age the oldest ...

Dear Youcef,

In general, the loss of stabilizer due to thermal ageing increases the conductivity of the PVC cable insulation. We had several investigations and publications in this filed. I think the attached is a good summary.

You also need to be concerned about the alignment of fMRI data to atlas space. Make sure that you generate a template that is representative of both younger and older adults. You can get group differences simply due to better spatial overlap of the signal in younger adults.

For a paper that touches on spatial overlap.

Another paper on neurovascular coupling

The best should be the hs-CRP which brings more information 

Six months

Hi Touqeer,

Some of the most expensive components of an in vivo and in vitro setup is the anti vibration table. You can avoid buying such system by putting a table, prefereabily a metal one and just the square stuff, over an old big truck tire or over four half tennis balls in the corners. The metal will help because most of the micromanipulator bases can be attached to the table with a magnet, helping to stability and giving flexibility in location. The table should weight enough to provide stability and bend a bit the rubber. This option is used in labs even for single-cell patch clamp recording and should provide stable recording conditions for extracellular field potentials both in vivo and in vitro.

Hope these solutions help!

Kind regards,

Marcel 

are we talking about ADs to older consumer or the use of ancient ads, repeated ad nauseum through diverse TV channels? For example, Mars via its Galaxy (Dove) chocolate ad delights in repeating the same old AD over years now. For me, the outcome is a complete turn-off for Galaxy itself, and an annoyance with Mars who do not seem to understand too frequent repetition of the same AD drives customers away from - not toward the brand.

Dear Soheil,

The best way to calculate thermodynamic parameters is TermoCalc software.

Yes, if you provide the brain region and the protocol of LFS you are using it will be easier to help you. Are you trying to induce LTD chemically and electrically?

Anyway in my experience LTD (I mean electrically, in cortex and in vitro) is not always easy to obtain, you need really a lot of patience....

My LFS protocol is: 900 stimulus pairs of 0.1 msec (50 Hz, i.e. 20 msec interval)  at 1 Hz.

I do not disagree with the opinions above, but motor behavior and weight can vary significantly even in inbred strains. Although some favor inbred strains for genetic homogeneity, it may also make results less generalizable and can occasionally produce unusual GxE interactions.. This is why we do clinical trials in humans with diverse genetic backgrounds.  When backcrossing, you may also find that fertility or pup survival suffer greatly.

Aging and BBB dysfunction is an interesting topic because its a high risk factor for developing neurodegenerative diseases. To my knowledge most of recent studies point at loss of tight junction proteins of the BBB with aging which is likely due to neuroinflammation. Infiltration of circulatory leukocytes and blood borne immunoglobines into the brain is a marker of BBB leakage that happens in aged humans. In aged mice however, only loss of TJ proteins of BBB was observed. I think its not clear which come first, neuroinflammation or BBB leakage. It could be systemic inflammation disrupts the BBB first and lead to infiltration of toxins to the brain that trigger neuroinflammation. Not sure if the brain itself with aging would autonomously initiate inflammation due to certain malfunctioning in metabolic processes and clearance pathways to remove waste byproducts !?.. I would love to here comments from experts in the field..

Recommended in 18-65 year olds. Not validated in older groups. So there are no normative values.

Smith MV, Calfee RP, Baumgarten KM, Brophy RH, Wright RW. Upper Extremity-Specific Measures of Disability and Outcomes in Orthopaedic Surgery. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American volume. 2012;94(3):277-285. doi:10.2106/JBJS.J.01744.

I can't see the relevance of this study. If the client has the motivation to eat and the skills involved - what is the significance of grip strength after meals? How will your study provide information that is meaningful to clients healthcare outcomes? What are the assumptions/hypotheses underpinning your study?

Perls staining is pretty effective, easey and low cost.  We used it here.  The colour contrast is pretty good for image analysis.

Again, I am no expert but the way I understand it is that children are more susceptible to the effects of ionizing radiation.  They are still growing and developing and their cells tend to divide more rapidly.  During cell division there is an increased risk of mutation especially when external influences such as ionizing radiation play a part.  Also, children have longer to develop an accumulative effect than adults. 

 Dear   

Larissa Donatoni da Silva

National University of Ireland, Galway

   I am of the opinion that instead of asking for valid questionnaire it is better to develop it yourself by studying your own problem or project with which you will be dealing. The questionnaire developed can be tested and retested to increase its validity. This is bit laborious but it also trains up you. Yes you can ask for help and many interested and experienced people will do this.

I haven't published on this, but I have found in my clinical work that older people tend to be more comfortable on the whole with the idea of their own death, though perhaps not of the act of dying. They may fear suffering. They also may be less comfortable as they age with the deaths of friends and other family as their key networks then shrink. Those who live long are "successful" through their long life, but at times find it emotionally difficult to outlive their support systems.  Some evidence below.

Victor Cicirelli has worked in this area for a while.  Two of his publications are:

Cicirelli, V. (2011). Religious and Nonreligious Spirituality in Relation to Death Acceptance or Rejection. Death Studies, 35(2), 124-146.

Cicirelli, V. (2003). Older adults' fear and acceptance of death: A transition model. Ageing International, 28(1), 66-81.

This article below suggests that older people are more comfortable with death:

De Raedt, Rudi, Koster, Ernst H.W., & Ryckewaert, Ruben. (2013). Aging and attentional bias for death related and general threat-related information: Less avoidance in older as compared with middle-aged adults.(Author abstract). The Journals of Gerontology, Series B, 68(1), 41.

Hi Rick, can you please share the FG-NET Database with me? and MORPHII if you have. i am doing a research on facial age estimation. thank you.

You can control systematic error with the proper model of sequence evolution - use some model choice program to help you identify the best model. However, because sequence evolution follows a Poisson process, the random error (standard deviation) with increase with time back to the common ancestor (mean) and will always be quite large (a Poisson mean equals the standard deviation), Nevertheless you do have control over reducing the systematic error so do that at least.

DNA methylation age and telomere length have only a weak negative correlation after you correct for chronological age. As an aside I mention that it is important to correct for chronological age before one relates DNAm age to telomere length because chronological age confounds the relationship between the two variables.

We correlated DNAm Age with telomere length in *adipose* tissue (Horvath et al 2014, PNAS, Title: Obesity accelerates epigenetic aging of human liver") and only found a weak and insignificant negative correlation between the two variables after correcting for chronological age (e.g., r = −0.28, P = 0.22). We and others have seen similar correlation coefficients in blood tissue but these appear to be unpublished.

Bottom line: the epigenetic clock relates to a biological process that is largely independent of telomere attrition and cellular senescence. 

In the language of multivariate linear models:

if you fit the following regression model:

lm(DNAmAge~AgeAtBloodDraw+TelomereLength)  then TelomereLength will only have a marginally significant p value.

Conversely, if you fit

lm(TelomereLength~AgeAtBloodDraw+DNAmAge) then DNAmAge will only have a marginally significant p-value. Caveat: bmulti-collinearities between the 2 covariates will make the coefficient estimates unstable.

Best,

Steve

Hi Allaudin

Breaking toys after playing with them for few days may not have any hidden psychological predisposition except the 5 to 10 years old's curiosity in exploring the functioning of the toys! beacuse since they have already played with them for few days they might be exploring further possibility and in the process ends up breaking them

regards

Rathish

Have you seen this? Ted Garland, 2015. Diet-induced_obesity_resistance_of_adult_female_mice_selectively_bred_for_increased_wheel-running_behavior_is_reversed_by_single_perinatal_exposure_to_a_high-energy_diet?

P.S. I wonder if the question you ask has been addressed using monkeys by anyone, say, at the Oregon Primate Center? They do a lot of work on early nutrition (including prenatal) and diabetes risk. 

It depends which aspects of aging you're most interested in...

Hi Paul,

Like Alan, I think it's a monumental task to come up with a figure - even a range on the impact of demographic change on healthcare spending not least because of the comparability of data even as the OECD try to rectify this matter. There is even debate as to the direction of the impact. Consequently, such an endeavor would be courageous as it would be riveting.

That being said, two references that might be helpful are:

Payne G, Laporte A, Deber R, Coyte PC. Counting backward to health care's future: using time-to-death modeling to identify changes in end-of-life morbidity and the impact of aging on health care expenditures. Milbank Q. 2007 Jun;85(2):213-57.

Reinhardt UE.Does the aging of the population really drive the demand for health care? Health Aff (Millwood). 2003 Nov-Dec;22(6):27-39.

Cheers,

Perhaps the age of Kandelia obovata is about 45 yrs.

Thank you Jose and Barbara for adding the information.

Hi,

This question has been posed and answered by many groups. If you are talking about cells in a dish, the answer is definitely yes. Many cell types (not all) can be made immortal by ectopic expression of hTERT alone. Many people have done this on various cell types. Many, but not all cell types in culture can be immortalised by hTERT alone. These cells exhibit normal characteristics and are not transformed (do not grow in soft agar or form tumours in nude mice). Although they are immortal, they still undergo the process of ageing as measured by the epigenetic changes to their genome (epigenetic clock).

If you are asking about making cells in a body immortal, then clearly this has not been done and I doubt will ever be done due to the huge uncertainty of the effect of ectopic expression of hTERT. In any case, it is perhaps not such a bad thing that we do not live forever.

Hope this helps.

Ken

There are a special issue of The Gerontologist dedicated to the concept of successful aging (2015). Active aging is a policy framework. 

To begin to answer your question it is necessary to define your terms. Strength if the ability to generate force (usually through the application of a concentric muscle action). Force when exerted against an object produces an acceleration of the object in the direction of the line of action of the applied force. As an individual approaches their maximal strength, the velocity of movement of the resistive body approaches zero (isometric muscle action). This is referred to as the force-velocity relationship of skeletal muscle.

Power is the product of force and velocity. The technical definition of Power is Work divided by Time (W/t); however Work is the product of a Force acting through some distance (actually displacement in accurate terms, since distance is a scalar and displacement is a vector, and in Work the direction of the displacement is quite important). So in mathematical terms Work = Fd; therefore we have (Fd)/t = Power or if we rearrange the variables F(d/t) = Fv = Power.

So, Power is a measure of the Force (generated by the muscle) multiplied by the resultant velocity of the object to which the force is applied. So to measure the Power of an individual compared to another, it would be necessary to give both subjects the same object (a weight) and ask them to move it from point A to point B as rapidly as possible. The weight would provide the value for F and the time it took to move the object across the distance from A to B, divided into the distance, would be the velocity (d/t). The product of F x v would be the power generated by the individual.

As persons age, they lose muscle mass. The loss is greatest in the Type II fiber population. Type II fibers are commonly referred to as "fast twitch" fibers. The loss of Type II fibers affects total strength as well as speed of movement. Therefore the combination of loss of strength and greater loss of that segment of the fiber population with faster speeds of shortening leads to a diminution of the ability to exhibit muscular power, in an older population. However, the loss you are looking at is generally studied in populations above 60 years of age, not 40. There are a large number of papers regarding muscle characteristics in elderly subjects and the trainability of specific aspects of function. If you wish to have me recommend some just let me know. 

Interesting proposals to check. Thanks so much for them.

Canada