Science topics: EmotionAffect
Science topic

Affect - Science topic

The feeling-tone accompaniment of an idea or mental representation. It is the most direct psychic derivative of instinct and the psychic representative of the various bodily changes by means of which instincts manifest themselves.
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I have tried to use TTC agar overlay method for a few times to identify respiratory-deficient yeast which were affected by EthBr. The problem is that cells which should have stayed white also have turned red or pink.
Evaluation of the overlayed colonies was done after 1 h, 2 h, 3h and 6 h. I tried different TTC concentrations: 0,1%, 0,05%, 0,03% and 0,01%.
I have attached photos of the colonies which were affected by EthBr and which were not.
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Respiratory deficient S. cerevisiae colonies grow slowly so, vs, wild type, colonies are clearly smaller and therefkore termed "petite" strains. I see no relevant colonies in your photo.
What was your EthB mutation protocol, and what medium is shown in the photo?<
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In the study of affects, there are theorists who consider that there is no difference between the two terms and use both from the same point of view. Others, on the other hand, differ in terms of intensity, with emotion being a more intense feeling. Could someone recommend a study within this frame in which the difference between the two, if there is one, is well defined? Thank you in advance.
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Briefly: emotion are didpositions to action due to neurovegetative change: activation of sympatic system. Feelings are what I tell about what happen when I have emotions: the account. Another term I use in this sense is affect. The big difference is the difference between, to use an inappropriate metaphor, hardware and software.
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Affective technologies are the interfaces concerning the emotional artificial intelligence branch known as affective computing (Picard, 1997). Applications such as facial emotion recognition technologies, wearables that can measure your emotional and internal states, social robots interacting with the user by extracting and perhaps generating emotions, voice assistants that can detect your emotional states through modalities such as voice pitch and frequency and so on...
Since these technologies are relatively invasive to our private sphere (feelings), I am trying to find influencing factors that might enhance user acceptance of these types of technologies in everyday life (I am measuring the effects with the TAM). Factors such as trust and privacy might be very obvious, but moderating factors such as gender and age are also very interesting. Furthermore, I need relevant literature which I can ground my work on since I am writing a literature review on this topic.
I am thankful for any kind of help!
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Affective technologies like social robots must answer appropriately according to context. For example, if the goal is build empathy (towards human acceptance), social robot must imitate the affect state of humans. In any way, affective technologies need recognize humans emotions first. In this context, we development this paper:
I hope it will be useful
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During test of cycle_gate, we ask people to walk, then they pay attention to it and their way of walking is changed, also darkness can change it too.
but that is question, whether mental illness such as depression change the cycle_gate?that could help us to find therapies for these diseases.
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Yes,affects,Of course it affect our cycle_gate. Depression (major depressive disorder) is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects our feels. Depression causes feelings of sadness and/or a loss of interest in activities once enjoyed. It can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems and can decrease a person’s ability to function at work and at home.
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Hi,
I would like to perform emotion analysis of texts based on keywords using a dimensional emotion model (e.g., the circumplex model of affect).
Do you know of any available database that lists dimensional values (e.g., arousal and valence) for various words?
Thanks,
Chen
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Found one!!!
The Sentiment and Emotion Lexicons: http://sentiment.nrc.ca/lexicons-for-research/
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Any suggestion on how to handle and solve endogeneity problem in multivariate probit model: the choice variables are, for example, Y1, Y2, and Y3, which are binary variables. The independent variables include X1, X2, X3 and X4. However, X3 is also affected by X2 and X5
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thanks
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Music is ubiquitous, as Anahid Kassabian (2013) has noted in her book "Ubiquitous Listening". People listens to music and different kinds of sounds as their sonic companion for many different activities, like reading, training, while doing sports, working on creative projects, sleeping, relaxing, walking etc. But how is this individual/personal and instrumental/practical use of music changing the way people perceive and listens to music today?
How do you use music and sounds as a companion for other activities? What kind of music/sound and what kind of activites?
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Dear musicians and music lovers,
let me confess my thoughts about music. I voiced some of these thoughts in https://www.researchgate.net/post/Can_rational_thought_exist_without_language
However, taking advantage of a happy opportunity, I would like to duplicate it in order to receive suggestions and recommendations.
<<
1. As you know, conservatories began to appear in the second half of the 19th century and by the beginning of the 20th century almost all classical music was created. Thus, we see the following situation: the conservatories release musicians who, at best, perform music that was created 150-200 years ago. In other words, musicians have become consumers for the performance of music of previous centuries, they themselves do not compose anything. How do you think: What is the main reason? Why am I talking about this? In my opinion, our community is developing in the wrong direction,  creating consumers with clip thinking, not creators. To create, we probably need special spiritual atmosphere and this atmosphere was in the 18-19 centuries. Now there is no such atmosphere.
2. I look with great regret at the master classes of famous pianists on how to perform Beethoven’s "Appassionata"
I look and think "Is it possible to explain music with words". No hours of great masters explanation will not add understanding, if you do not understand from the music itself. For example, the most brilliant performance of this sonata I heard from Svyatoslav Richter, and after performing it, any other one causes me squeamish rejection as an imperfect performance. However, Richter studied at the Conservatory formally; he came there already by a fully formed musician. However, Richter was an excellent artist and painted pictures. He drew musical images in own brain and created his brilliant interpretations.
3. When a musician performs a composition, only a very small part of this composition can reach the consciousness of the minds of listeners in the hall, and especially from electronic devices through sound waves. The great sacrament disappears, which can come only with the touch of fingers with a musical instrument. Listeners are deprived of this sacrament. That is, only the simultaneous contact of fingers with a musical instrument while simultaneously extracting sounds can detect this mystery. That is why I believe that society is musically developing in the wrong direction,  because it is necessary to turn passive listeners into active listeners in such a way that they enjoy the masterpieces of classical music through their own performance on musical instruments. However, not everyone can be musicians and perform music. How to solve a problem?
>>
Most recently, I met an amazing family:
Father - Alexey Grigoriev - composer https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ahtD7xa6rQ
The oldest son Ivan Bessonov - pianist, composer and winner of the competition (First place) "Eurovision of classical music 2018" in Edinburgh https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qqlahEMriRs
The middle son of Danila Bessonov is a violinist and a
winner of competition https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ns2Ux-PNSk (performed by Sarasate - Gypsy melodies with his elder brother)
The younger son Nikita Bessonov - the violinist https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b8tBRNjB2R8 - brothers perform their composition
According to the father, a new renaissance must come, because new classical musical compositions are necessary. In a narrow family circle, this family performs only its own compositions.
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I have a set of audio files with each audio annotated by >= 5 annotators, with annotations of the valence, activation and dominance (continuous units of affect). I want to measure the inter-rater agreement (and perhaps plot it). What metric is to be used here?
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Not my area of expertise
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I need Arabic version of PANAS and ADES, but I could not find. Could you please help me to find these scales. Thanks in advance.
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I came across a few links that looked promising, but they are no longer active.
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Thank you so much, Diana! It's difficult to know how these things are done when you are just getting started. I was able to get in contact with him. I appreciate your answer!
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I want a very short and easy measurement of 'in the moment' mood.  The I-PANAS-SF looks the best for what I am looking for - but I'd like to find an even more abbreviated version - maybe 5 questions for each affect?
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I follow
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if we use dessicator instead of lyophilizer for drying solid lipid nanoparticles ,is there chances that it would affect formulation
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Dear All expert,
I have a problem, actually I made solid lipid nanoparticle, but frezee-dry in our lab still in trouble so it is imposible to use right now. The posible choices is only send my samlple to other lab. Unfotunately, it will spend about 15 to 20 of days. Any suggestion for storage during shipping? Or It is posible to make freeze dry by ourselves?
Thanks
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Stress Autoimmunity Thyroid disease
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Yes. both your answers were very helpful. Just what i was looking for.
Tank you very much.
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please tell me about what factors affects on the Bragg low in crystallography leading to the deviation of Bragg low?? 
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Great question! Tip of the iceberg!
Precisely quantifying the "DEVIATION FROM IDEAL BRAGG CONDITION" is modern real time Bragg XRD Microscopy to image materials' Nano structure with tremendous spatial resolution. Understanding the precise deviation and relating it to Nano structural parameters is an exciting proposition for NDE QC of various crystalline, amorphous and other composites.
The Braggs didn't get their Nobel Prize in the early 1900's, using films and the Bragg spectrometers, for just discovering the Braggs' Law. They meticulously used archaic XRD data acquisition tools to split Genes (figuratively). Amazing, what they achieved. I recommend a study of the historical background to appreciate. Modern real time data acquisition tools have eliminated the paradigm of "time prohibitive" from the lexicon of XRD. We are in the age of instant gratification.
Learn and leverage XRD to the max including the Bragg's Law! BTW, it never "fails", but could be diffused or extinct (forbidden:-) It is all about measuring Nano structural periodicities. It so happens that such measurements are not limited by the wavelength of the X-rays. It is possible to sense changes from IDEAL LATTICE amounting to FEMTOMETERS and better by quantifying the DEVIATION from IDEAL BRAGG CONDITION within any sample voxel. In electron microscopy, it would be tantamount to using Kikuchi methods.
Just a starting point! It is significantly easier to make measurements in the reciprocal space than in the real space due to inversion. That is the key! Bragg line profile analysis is a whole other subject on its own. Look up Tamas Ungar!
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Top-down controls are used to describe effects of consumers on primary production while bottom-up is the effect of the producers on their consumers. However, what if they are both affected at the same time? Do we still consider from both sides or is there another better method of properly analysing the effect on the particular food chain?  
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products amount
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In the study of persistence of rhizobia, how does native rhizobia affect introduced rhizobia in th absence of host plant?
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Native rhizobia have invariably lower mortality or survival chances  than introduced rhizobia , regardless of absence or presence of host plant. But it is equally paramount to ensure optimum soil conditions required for harnessing  maximum benefits either through introduced rhizobia or native ones...
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how would autoclaving and addition of optimum dosage of sodium azide affect the activity of the microbes in the sludge besides the EPS released?
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Autoclaving kill almost all the bacteria while sodium azide mostly only inhibit metabolism. Much of the bioactivity in sludge can resume if sludge is washed and reconstituted in fresh water after preservation by azide.
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UBE has been on ground for more than a decade now in Nigeria. Are there unreported factors militating against the success of UBE?
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You can refer to
1.THE CHALLENGES AFFECTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OFUNIVERSAL BASIC EDUCATION IN NIGERIA
2.An Evaluation of the Major Implementation Problems of Primary School Curriculum in Cross River State, Nigeria
4.Political Will and Strategic Planning in the Implementation of Universal Basic Education in Nigeria: The Obafemi Awolowo Example
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The bigger compressor give max efficiency of around 78%.                                  why the small compressor Wheel will give max efficiency 74%?
there is any parameter affect the efficiency on small Wheels.
Could you explain this. 
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In general, the bigger machine always has a higher efficiency than the smaller one. This is well-known as a scale effect. The reasons mostly rely on better flow situation in the bigger machine since the relative roughness factor is smaller (smaller friction coefficient) and relative gap dimension is smaller (volumetric effect).
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I want to compare Tm difference of  two DNA sequences (20-25 bp) which the only difference is base order. What may affect Tm in therory? 
Such as 5'-AATTTGGGTTTCCCTATATA-3'  VS 5'-AATTTCCCTTTGGGTATATA-3' 
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it is not enough just  to have the same numbers of bases. The Tm is also determined by the order of the bases and the contribution of each base to the Tm is determined by its neighbouring bases and most calculations take the nearest neighbour base into consideration when calculating annealing temperature as well as the length, salt concentration ,secondary structure and base composition. The different methods of calculation explain why many commercial companies make and sell oligos but quote different annealing temperatures. The temperatures may differ quite a lot. A very  old paper compared 3 commonly used calculations of Tm for short GC rich oligos and they differed by over 20c in annealing temperatures
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How the immune response affects on Fasciola hepatica.
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tecnicas de diagnostico Macmaster ,mini flotac in fasciola
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statisticians, forest researchers, agronomists
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You're welcome Andry :)
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For each well I used as follows:
8ul syber green
1ul F primer
1ul R primer
1ul DEPC
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usually this depends on the concentration of your SYBR green reagent. too much SYBR green in your reaction greatly inhibit activity of polymerase and finally decrease your limit of detection
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Does anyone familiar with well validated task that aim to elicit negative emotion?
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Dear Hadar,
I also would suggest using film clips that are validated to elicit a particular emotion with some specificity. If unsure, you may also run a pilot experiment if this is really the case.
Here are some further reads: 
(Moderately long) film clips are useful when you want to just elicit an emotion and measure the emotional response, but also if you have a rather short-lived task that you want to affectively prime afterwards. The emotional effect on a subsequent task will fade with time. 
If you are interested in priming a multitude of single trials of a subsequent task, e.g., over different within-subjects conditions and in a randomized fashion, then brief emotional primes might be better suited such as pictorial cues with short SOA. Regarding the latter, however, I would also go for sets that elicit particular emotions with some specificity (unless you are interested in broader valence- or arousal effects): e.g., a fear-specific subset of the IAPS (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21839700).
Best, Stefan 
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Could please help? 
Thanks,
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You will find huge literature on this issue, here is one PDF for first hand information ... 
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I am working on identification, specifically the concept that an individual working in a team would have both collective identification (towards the team as a whole) and relational identification (with strong role relations with other teammates) based on Zhang et al., 2012. When I am reading another paper, I came across this affective integration developed through liking, respect and trust based on Cronin, 2004 and Hass, 1981. I know they both are not same. But can someone distinguish them in a better way? What would be the underlying factors that differentiate them? When would you consider one to be more salient than the other? Thanks in advance.
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Dear Sriteja.
I truly sorry for being late to answer to your question. If I understand it well, you are looking for the differences between affective relations and relational identifications. Your question can be answered, I think, through a long or short answer. What follows is a short answer.
As I see it, by its very nature an affective relation is primarily an affective and emotional, and only after this it can involve cognitive components. In contradistinction, a relational identification is primarily cognitive and only after this it can involve affective components. For example, love and sympathy are affective relations that can exist without any cognitive components. We generally love and are sympathetic to our children, parents, brothers, sisters, and other relatives without having any cognitive motives to do so. It is generally said that they share our own flesh and blood. We generally love our wives or husbands, not because of, say, flesh and blood reasons, but mainly because of affective reasons. In these both cases, cognitive reasons are generally invoked as post hoc rationalizations to justify what is, say, visceral. This is not the case, for example, of friendship. Although there are several levels of friendship (see, for this respect, R. Selman's work on interpersonal understanding), in all of them cognitive components are priori to affective components. Thus, as I see it, friendship typifies more a specific type of relational and interpersonal identification than an affective integration or affective relation. Even so, friendship, comradeship, and the like speak more in favor of, say, individual relational identification than in favor of collective relational identification. An example of collective relational identification is the case when students of a given school (elementary, secondary, college, university) share, for instance, the main goals pursued by their respective school. This is also generally the case of players and supporters of a sport team or club.
To sum up, an affective relation or integration is affective and emotional at its very nature. When it involves cognitive components, most of the time they are peripheral or even post hoc rationalizations. We generally love our relatives without cognitively question why this is the case. In contradistinction, when relational identification is the case, cognitive components come generally first than cognitive components.This is quite visible in one's identification, for example, with his/her school, sport club, political party, or even country.
I hope I got your question and that this helps.
Best regards.
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direct methanol fuel cell, electrochemical reaction
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It depends how you are utilizing it and for what purpose. The thick layer of electrocatalyst causes serious mass-transport limitation and thus at slightly high load there will be a sharp decrease in power density.
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Hi 
I am interested in finding out if your motives for reading online news perhaps also affects your willingness to pay for online news content through attitude?
What are your thoughts about it?  
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Thank you for your answering!
 Reza, the first link you sent doesn't seem to be working? 
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what kind of thing affects the thermal stability?and dose short range order affect on it?
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Glass forming ability considers the ability to form a glass on cooling. Thermal stability considers the tendency to crystallize of a sample which has already formed a glass during reheating or holding in the  crystallization temperature range. In other words, a sample must first be a glass (cooling) before it can be considered for thermal stability against crystallization (heating). 
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does the pbs concentration affect hrp-conjugate in elisa?
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@michael ok thank you so much for your response, i understand what you mean.
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Fungi or bacterial infections were affected on this percent. 
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The death of a high percentage of plants at the acclimation may be due to the incomplete composition of the leaves in terms of the formation of the cuticle and the failure of the Stomata in the performance of its function naturally
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Why we should degassed the soft drink first before HPLC analysis in determination of caffeine ? Is it will affect the peak ?
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Obtaining accurate results relies on acquiring stable signals and using high quality methods.
Degassing a soft drink (carbonated) before injection into an HPLC system may or may not be needed. The real purpose or idea behind degassing the sample would be to minimize injection errors (from bubbles making up the injected solution. *We do not inject gases into an HPLC system) and it would not result in "deactivation of the stationary phase". Simply allowing the sample solution to go 'flat" (let it sit or shake it up to release the gas) should take care of it. The tiny volume of gas in the injected liquid solution should not contribute negatively to the chromatography (because the injection solution is not the mobile phase, which should be continuously degassed). Bubbles in the injection solution may contribute to inaccurate inj volumes, which are always undesirable for quantitative analysis.
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I wonder that question: How social media has affect on social gender and is duration of social media usage important for social gender' change.
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I am agreed and pleased to share this book. I hope it helps on your research.
Good luck,
Ray.
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There always have been disturbances occurring naturally in these types of ecosystems, but it would be good to know which is being more affected by human interference. 
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The amount of freshwater and groundwater is small in comparison to the oceans.  
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I would like to ask, if the water inside of curing tank is circulated, is there any affect on performance of concrete or not?
If there is any reference, it is highly appreciated to share with me. 
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Dear Er Bharat Bhushan Jindal
As you know, after demolding of fresh concrete. It is always keeping at inert water curing tank. the question that I asked was about if we make circulation water system, what will happen on the performance of concrete?
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The images are a obtained from a video sequence captured from my camera.
I am planning to implement the algorithm in opencv c++.  I dont prefer Machine Learning approaches.
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Thank you  Hossein Soleimani Nilesh B Bahadure  David Dunkerley..
I have implemented the sum of laplacian . It seems sufficient for my dataset.
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And how the grain size affects the High temperature corrosion resistance of the steel. What are the methods to improve the High temperature corrosion resistance of the steel. 
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@monyer .. Sir thanxx for your reply, i am much more interested to understand the fundamentals behind the grain coarsening and how it can affect the Oxidation resistance in different steels. 
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I have considered Positive Psychology, Locus of Control, Self Efficacy, Self-fulfilling prophecy, Self-help literature and Philosophy. So I would specifically like to know if there is research in regards to focussing on abundance, gratitude, focussing behaviours and thoughts upon what you want to attract, mentalisation, meditation and mindfulness. Or if there are any arguments against this idea.
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Any individual for any action of our life we have to take recourse to a mind & brain . Initially for our thinking shape of action & why carrying out our action it is likely that we may not experienced exerted line of action . In such cases we cannot afford to remain in the contemplative mood .For this we must move towards a positive line of thinking with our concentration & contemplation our mind reacts with the spirit of positive energy action.
With this our positive attitude we can certainly accept the challenge of our life action .For our positive we must have a faith ,determination , & will power & working with said tune of our action we can solve the solution of our problems & action 
This is my personal opinion 
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Embryologest
Diabetic and Nutrition searchers
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Based on Barker theory of fetal preprogramming of metabolism, we can conclude that maternal life style can change embryonic development.
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In a questionnaire study or survey study, how do we avoid bias of selection of a particular group of respondents, so that bias does not affect results of the study?
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This depends on the project that you are on. Sampling strategies are sometimes quite different. This will rely on the type of respondents that you wish them to participate in your questionnaire. The simplest way is the randomozed saturation sampling for those eho fit in your inclusion criteria which you planned earlier.
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If we violate this assumption and still operate t-test, what will happen? Will it affect the p-value?
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This is the classical Behrens–Fisher problem, solved by Welch's test with degrees of freedom calculated using Satterthwaite's formula. The impact depends upon the variability in the variances and the sample sizes.
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Because I realized the ascorbic acid solution became yellowish after I stable for 1 week. Will this affect my accuracy on P-determination ?  
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Ascorbic acid solutions should generally be made up fresh for phosphate analysis.  Al foil will not help, but you can store the solution in a sealed bottle (preferably without a large air space above the solution) in the refrigerator for a week. Be sure to bring it up to temperature before use or the colour formation will be slow.
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I need to have the size of blob fixed and not affected much by illumination..
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Because of the continuous change in illumination. 
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I am curious what is the limitation on IHC/IF and how to rectify/reduce the adverse effect. thank you
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Dear Andy the perfusions don't work as well, as the particulate matter blocks small blood vessels and capillaries, so more blood is retained in body tissues, resulting in an increase in background fluorescence. Cheers Steve Edwards
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Is there a measure of affective / emotional barriers to exercise in adults? 
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These issues are known to impact adults ability to participate in physical exercise: low self esteem, lack of transportation, lack of partners for exercise, lack of child care. You can probably find this documented on the Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC in America. Except for low self-esteem, you can get at the other variables with a checklist.  
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Anything that can give answer (Articles, investigations, simple answer etc)
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Dear Kostas,
I'm afraid your missing my point. Most likely people on the autistic spectrum lack empathy and many have trouble with face-recognition which is something else. (One can have one without the other.) So the answer to your general question is a general, but uninteresting yes, unless you know the relevance of this factor compared to others. I estimate it to be rather low.    
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The Shortened Versions of PANAS for children 
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Hi Joyce, if you need more help write me an email, it is simple to have the positive and negative scales.
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Why most people have positive affect balance (more positive affect than negative affect) most of the time?
 First variant of the answer to this question: people have positive affect balance because most of the people have more successes than failures,  more «income» than «expenses» most of the time (positive affect balance is a function of good performance).
Second variant of the answer to this question: people have positive affect balance because good performance is a function of positive affect balance (humans were selected for positivity offset in their evolutionary past, and positivity offset determines positive affect balance, which determines good performance).
A) Which answer do you like more? First__; Second__.
B) Which version of the answer is more relevant as a base for the research the problem today, in your opinion? First__; Second__.
C) What dependence is stronger, in your opinion: 1) performance as a function of affect balance or 2) affect balance as a function of performance? 1) __; 2) __.
D) Your comment: ……………….
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Dear Łukasz,
Just known theoretical explanations by Diner et al.*, opposite my own explanation**, had prompted me to raise this issue with two proposed answers. 
Best regards.
 Модальная зона активности: к проблеме зависимости эмоций от успешности деятельности (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279973812__________)
  Деятельностная динамика основных измерений эмоций: модель и литературные данные (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279976304_________)
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Michelson-Morely  experiment could not prove the presence of the aether. But how does aether affect matter waves? Should we look for aether by influencing matter wave rather than light?
I have shown in a recent work that a quantum particle moving at constant velocity experiences a drag force proportional to -mv/t_0, where t_0=h/mc^2 but a wave does not show this. Because of this the particle exhibits a jittery motion. Its motion is like the fish motion in a river.
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Perhaps you could consider the wavefunction per se being what you call "Aether". 
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i wanted to know that does the change in the location of pilot carriers in OFDM Symbol cause any effect on the BER vs SNR plot ?
i have FFT size 64 and 4 pilots with the location 13,26,39,52.
now i wanted to change the location to 7,21,35 and 49 for pilots for same fft size.
but when change made its not working.
can anyone tell me where i m going wrong . and does location of pilots really matters?
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The answer to your question "will the location of pilot affect the performance " is yes! But I think this is true in one situation that you have frequency selective fading channel.  In another case, if you use pilot to compensate timing offset, carrier offset or conduct channel estimation, this will also affect the performance.
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How does temperature affect functioning of MOSFET.As temperature increases Vt decreases.I need to understand why this happens?
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Yes, it is. The free electrons in metal can be considered as a gas in thermal equilibrium in metal. According to the kinetic theory of gases, the average kinetic energy of free electrons depends only on temperature. The thermal speed of free electrons is about 80 km/s (at 20C), whereas the drift speed of free electrons due to electric field is about 0.3 mm/s (Copper wire with diameter 1mm and current I=3A). Thereby, the electrical properties of metal conductor (resistance, conductance) depend slightly on temperature and strongly upon collisional processes within the conductor.
The MOSFET transistor is a semiconductor and therefore, has strongly differ thermal response from metal. The on-state resistance of MOSFET can rise quickly at a certain temperature. The raising temperature decreases the number of active charge carriers (electrons or holes) in semiconductor and on-state resistance increases, that perhaps causes the decrease of Vtr too.  
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The polymerization reactions are accompanied by continuous decrease in entropy. Albeit this loss affects the Gibbs free energy, they are facile and feasible. How? 
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The change in the Gibbs free energy for isothermal and isobaric reaction may be given by
Del  G =  Del H  -T  Del S = 0,   which is equal to zero for reversible process. Then one has,
Del  H =  T  Del S.   Where Del  is a finite variance or difference.   Del operator implies  { Product - Reactant}    :  For one mole of reaction   Del H  is the molar enthapy of reaction.  İf it is positive that means reaction is endothermic and otherwise it is exothermic. 
As Dear  Gyorgy mentioned properly,   the negative molar entropy variation shows that this polymerization reaction is exothermic there would be heat generation during the reaction. 
Dear Sai Siva unfortunately your remark on  Gibbs free energy is false. This is reversible reaction and the Gibbs free is invariant  under the isothermal and isobaric reaction. For a natural process  Gibbs free energy should be negative but it is never positive (unnatural process). 
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I'm writing a report on a study where i am both researcher and participant.Thus, I am in need in several prior researches. Any information would be appreciated.
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There are a lot of researches on this topic.
I would suggest to start checking the work of the main authors in the field: Stephen and Rachel Kaplan, Hartig, Staats, Roger Ulrich, Korpela
Have a nice work!
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A number of people have viewed my previously worded question on this topic, but so far only one, a student from my own institution, has attempted an answer. So I’m rephrasing the question in the hope of encouraging colleagues, particularly (but not only) from outside my own institution and field, to debate it:  I’ve been pondering for some time why some research developments in applied linguistics attract much more negative critique from within the academy than others do, and why a substantial amount of this critique derives from opinion rather than research-based evidence, which I assume does not happen in the natural sciences. ELF research is probably the most recent development in this respect. But others have also been subject to such critique in previous years, e.g., World Englishes when its scholars first argued that postcolonial Englishes had as much right to be called English varieties as those from mother tongue English countries; and CDA when scholars first presented their new approach to discourse. I’d be very interested to hear colleagues’ interpretations of why this might be.
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I think criticism based on opinion rather than evidence is probably a part of all science, just look at the controversy global warming caused despite the overwhelming scientific evidence behind the claims. I also think it is important to remember that science and research are as much about inspiration and ideas as they are about rational evidence based inquiry. I particularly like this comment from a rather well known scientist in a letter to Karl Popper.
“Altogether I really do not at all like the now fashionable tendency of clinging to what is observable … I think (like you, by the way) that theory cannot be fabricated out of the results of observation, but that it can only be invented.”
(Letter to K Popper from Albert Einstein written 1935, in Popper 1972 p 458)
However, I agree that certain fields seem to attract more opinion based criticisms. There is an important difference between the ‘hard sciences’ and social sciences, which is where I believe Applied Linguistics belongs, in that social sciences are examining socially created systems, such as language, that do not have an objective reality outside of human perception and actions. This obviously makes them much more interpretive and subjective and in turn more open to subjective criticism.
What is unfortunate is that some scholars seem to use the subjective nature of the social sciences as an excuse for poorly argued and poorly supported criticisms. While social research may have different standards for what constitutes good research and theory to the hard sciences, there are still standards. One of the most basic of which must be a good knowledge and understanding of what is being criticised. This has often not been the case in the three subjects discussed here, World Englishes, English as a lingua franca and Critical Discourse Analysis. Criticisms have frequently simply been misunderstandings that become perpetuated through repetition. Why do researchers do this? As the last two answers have noted, if long held beliefs are being challenged there will inevitably be resistance (see Thomas Kuhn on the history of science as defending established paradigms rather than challenging them). Others, I believe, see it as an easy way to publish ‘research’(if poorly conducted criticism can be called that) and get themselves noticed in the ‘publish or perish’ climate in which many academics now exist.
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Who are the people impacted by not having effective communication skills, and why is effective communication relevant?
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Developing Communication Skills is very important to nursing practice because nursing care is based on communication with patients, colleagues and other health team members, although it’s also a challenge.
In October 2004, WHO launched the World Alliance for Patient Safety. The project wants to develop an international classification of patient safety.
Communication is essential to patient’s safety [(Goldstein, 2005), (Gray, 2004)], and many of the studies conclude that the communication problems are major causes of errors [(Gawande, M ., Studdert, & Brennan, 2003)] that occur during the transfer of moments [(Pesanka et al., 2009), (Ridley, 2004) (Lovasik 2009)].
According to the Joint Commission National Patient Safety Goals hospitals should implement standardized and systematic approach to communication in transfers of patients in order to minimize the possibility of occurrence of adverse reactions.  
This means that some mnemonics can be introduced to allow a systematic communication. Literature give us different examples, no one better than the other, but each one adapted to the team and the context. So, there is no mnemonic considered ideal to be implemented. The important thing is not which mnemonic use as long as the nursing team work together and analyze their own practice to develop a project that will improve communication and also audit the process and evaluate the success of the measures implemented.
Based on Joint Commission recommendations to implement a standardized and systematic approach to communication in my working context, we implemented a telephonic communication based on SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment and Read-Back) and for intra and inter hospital transfers we are developing a written document based on ISOBAR (Identification of patient, Situation, Observation, Background, Assessment and Recommendation) that  will ensure that nursing handover became considered a communication standard that is applied in daily practice of care, ensuring systematization and organization of information transmitted verbally, that also ensure the continuity of care and patient's safety.
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The flow rate and input power of positive displacement pumps are varying with speed. Is there any variation in input power when the pressure difference or load is increasing at constant speed?
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in PD pumps (and machines in general) flow rate is proportional to revolution speed. however, at higher pressure ratios the volumetric efficiency of the machine tends to slightly decrease.
therefore, I totally agree with Mr Doan but I would also take into account the effect of pressure ratio on the flow rate.
please refer to the attached publication where an operating map of a volumetric machine is presented.
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How dielectric constant or polarity of solvent affect the swelling degree of polymer?
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There is a correlation between the solubility parameter of solvents and the polymer swelling observed in those solvents. You could find interesting the following paper:
Hildebrand solubility parameter (δ) is frequently used by polymer scientists as it corresponds to a measure of the intermolecular attractive forces of solvents, and therefore could relatively well predict solubility of materials (eg a polymer) in a solvent. As mentioned in the answer above, solvents (or a solvent and a polymer) having similar δ values  show high probability to be miscible. In those cases of solvents showing close δ values with the polymer of interest, one could expect increased polymer swelling.
Now with regard to the use of dielectric constant as a measure of degree of swelling of a polymer, as for solvents of low dipolarity the dielectric constant could be correlated to δ, Ι suppose that one could notice a corresponding correlation between solvent dielectric constant and polymer swelling.  
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How is energy detection implemented and how the delay spread or inter-arrival times of the echoes of multi-path fading have an effect on the detector output?
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Sorry for some typos in my previous mail.
Read the Reference as
Performance of an Energy Detector over Channels
with Both Multipath Fading and Shadowing
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication, Vol. 9, No. 12, December 2010
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I am searching for national versions of Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-14, Keyes) and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule 20-item version for measuring general affect (PANAS Watson & Tellegen). We plan to use them in our new study and it would be a great help to have it all.
I would require versions in: Italian, Dutch, Estonian, Latvian, Hungarian, Malay, Russian (for MHC only), Romanian, German (for MHC), Serbian, Czech, Slovak, Japanese, Korean, Portugal.
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Thank you! I`ve contacted with professor Keyes yet, however as MHC is really popular he has no all versions at his personal computer. Anyway, we have some versions already translated and ready to use.
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To experimentally disentangle "awe" from "happiness" and a "neutral emotional state", we would like, ideally, to employ the short video clips used in the mentioned paper (i.e. the 5-min film Gag Reel and the 5-min neutral clip from a math film).
Has anyone come across these film clips or know of a possibility to get access to them?
Thanks a million in advance
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Hi Ekaterina
Interestingly, I used to teach Creative Problem Solving to post-grad students.
Firstly, a "Gag reel" is also called a Blooper reel.
A blooper, also known as an outtake, gag reel, or boner, is a short sequence of a .... On an episode of The Red Skelton Show in the 1950s, a skit involving Red's ...
1. Have Gun Will Travel and Gunsmoke
2. The Red Skelton Show (there are a few different blooper videos on Youtube)
3. Area Under a Curve - Maths (There are several different video via a google search)
Hope this helps.
Jaki
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Purchasing luxury goods is an emotional phenomenon for many consumers. While there are numerous articles on socio-psychological influences on luxury purchase intentions, I have not seen much happening with regards to what emotions drive luxury purchase and consumption. Has anyone come across papers which deal with this specific aspect? Secondly, what emotions according to you will drive the purchase and consumption of luxury?
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Dear Paurav,
A renewed interest in craft, provenance and the lifetime of commodities is a key factor influencing the consumption of luxury. The economic and environmental toxicity of fast fashion is driving a reappraisal of goods as investments with long lifetimes. I have a recent chapter on emotional consumption called Tailoring and Tweed - Mapping the spaces of slow fashion which might be useful.
Best wishes, Louise
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I'm looking for ideas of a good measure for changes in participant affect (i.e. positive/negative) in response to a task that will induce a feeling of social rejection or ostracism. I want to use something to record the changes during the task itself (so not just self-report at the beginning and end), but I'm not in a position to use neuroimaging methods (fMRI or EEG). I have seen a study that uses a 'dial' measure that had some success, and if anyone has any more information on where I could find one or how to set it up that would be much appreciated. But any other ideas would also be very welcome.
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Kip Williams was the person who used the dial method, it was quite an involved setup, from memory.
As for other mood measures, you can see the various effect sizes in the meta-analysis that Ladd Wheeler and I published a few years ago.
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I understand that scientists are making headway in being able to "read" what the mind thinks. Is it possible to differentiate specific memories?
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Hello Stephanie,
With regard to your eye tracking and memory question, I thought I'd reply separately. The clear expert in this area is a person named Debbie Hannula at the University of Milwaukee Psychology Department. She may be linked to me on my research gate profile, but should be easy enough to find nonetheless. She has used eye tracking as a measure of memory in normal control subjects, amnesia patients, and in neuroimaging.
Hope that helps
Mike Anderson