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Adult Education - Science topic

For those interested in 73% of the undergraduate population: adult learners.
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The workforce must constantly evolve, yet many struggle to let go of outdated practices. How can organizations embed unlearning and relearning into their professional culture? Should leadership promote adaptive mindsets through ongoing training, mentorship, or organizational restructuring? How can companies and the workforce balance stability with the need for continuous reinvention, ensuring employees remain receptive to change without experiencing burnout or resistance?
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In the education sector schools may utilize professional development programs for faculty and staff. These could be both internally and externally. Benchmarking and some exchange programs may also help in promoting pragmatism. Private schools in [articular should have some funds set aside for summer voluntary training for both old and new staff members on new concepts which they would come back and share with colleagues.
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For working professionals pursuing online postgraduate studies, time is both the biggest asset and the greatest challenge. Unlike full-time students, working adults must complete demanding assignments back-to-back while also fulfilling their job responsibilities. In fast-paced programs sometimes structured within just 7-week semesters and there is little room for error, reflection, or deep academic engagement.
One of the most pressing concerns is the struggle to find time for quality work. Assignments often require in-depth research, critical thinking, and well-developed arguments, yet limited availability of faculty guidance and tight deadlines can hinder academic performance. Moreover, securing appointments with lecturers can be a challenge, as their schedules may conflict with working students' availability, leaving many unsure if they are on the right track.
This reality raises an important question: How can postgraduate online programs strike a better balance between rigorous academic expectations and the time constraints of working adults?
Open Discussion Question:
What structural or pedagogical changes could be implemented to ensure that working adults in online postgraduate programs can produce high-quality work without compromising their professional responsibilities?
Let’s discuss practical solutions that can help make online postgraduate education a more sustainable and enriching experience for professionals.
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I personally believe that the key for working adults to thrive in intensive online graduate programs lies in the structural and pedagogical redesign of the programs, based on principles of flexibility, personalization and comprehensive support. It is not just a matter of “accommodating” the adult learner's time, but of rethinking the learning ecosystem around their reality.
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How can generative artificial intelligence technology, including intelligent internet chatbots, AI agents, etc., be used in education to make it not only effective, but also safe, ethical, and didactically and socially correct?
There are many indications that we are entering an era in which generative artificial intelligence, including intelligent chatbots and AI agents, is becoming an essential element of education, opening the door to personalised and interactive learning. However, it is crucial that this innovative approach is not only effective, but above all safe, ethical and compliant with didactic principles and social norms. The use of AI in education is not only a technological issue, but above all a pedagogical and social one, requiring a deep understanding and a responsible approach. Personalisation of the learning process, interactive tools to support students and automation of teachers' routine tasks are just some of the potential benefits of generative AI. However, in order to fully utilise these benefits, it is necessary to ensure data security, protect against misinformation, adhere to ethical principles and adapt educational content to the individual needs of students and the social context. In this context, scientific research plays a key role, providing knowledge and tools for the responsible implementation of AI in education, which will contribute to the creation of an education system that is not only effective, but above all friendly and safe for students.
The research and observations I have conducted show that artificial intelligence technology has been developing rapidly in recent years and is finding new applications, with new opportunities and threats emerging. I have described the main determinants, including the potential opportunities and threats to the development of artificial intelligence technology, in the article below:
OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS AND THE NEED FOR NORMATIVE REGULATION OF THIS DEVELOPMENT
Please write what you think about this issue. Do you see more risks or opportunities associated with the development of artificial intelligence technologies?
And what is your opinion on this topic?
What is your opinion on this matter?
Please reply,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
I invite you to scientific cooperation,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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AI can tailor educational experiences to individual students by analyzing their learning habits and adapting content accordingly. This Dariusz Prokopowicz can help meet diverse learning styles and paces. While AI has great potential to enhance education, it is crucial to implement it thoughtfully, prioritizing safety, ethics, and social responsibility. Engaging various stakeholders in the design and application of AI technologies will help ensure that the solutions developed are aligned with the values and needs of the educational community.
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To what extent does the fact that millions of children and young people worldwide have no access to education limit their development opportunities and exacerbate social inequalities? How can these serious problems be solved?
In my opinion, the fact that many children and young people around the world have no access to education limits their development opportunities and exacerbates inequalities. Lack of education means a lack of opportunities to acquire the knowledge and skills that are necessary for success. Children who do not go to school are often forced to work, which prevents them from developing. Lack of education also leads to social exclusion. This problem particularly affects girls and children from marginalised families. To solve this problem, it is necessary to increase spending on education, build schools, train teachers and ensure access to education for girls and children from marginalised families. Research plays an important role in solving this problem.
And what is your opinion on this topic?
What do you think about this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
I invite you to scientific cooperation,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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The extent to which children lack access to education is primarily due to corrupt leaders in the affairs of governing system in for example Nigeria. Currently the rate of drop out students in various degree of education is alarming due to increase in school fees, bad economic, lack of job for both parents and guardians who are willing to assist their wards.
Children no longer have access to education because of failed promises from government. Students now engage in immoral behaviour, increase in arm robbery, fraudsters on the horizon, use of internet to become hackers... Once Government paid no attention to the needs of students, we can be sure that we will still have more dropouts than what we currently have in Nigeria.
Thank you!
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Dear Research Gate community,
I am reaching out in a moment of great importance in my academic journey. Unfortunately, my former supervisor retired, leaving me without guidance to complete and publish an article based on my thesis. Despite my efforts, I have not yet found the right mentor in my research area to help me navigate this process.
The article is a culmination of years of research and holds significant potential in its field. I am deeply committed to ensuring it reaches publication, and I believe the right collaboration can make this possible.
If you are an expert in Emotional states in learning process or know someone who might be willing to supervise and guide me in this endeavor, I would be immensely grateful for your support or recommendations. Your assistance at this critical juncture could make a profound difference in my academic life.
Thank you in advance for your time and consideration.
Best regards, Sara Shadabi
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Hakan Lane Despite my efforts, I was unable to find your email address. Could you kindly send me an email at info@sarashadabi.com so we can discuss further collaboration on this project?
Thank you in advance for your time and support. I look forward to hearing from you.
Best regards, Sara Shadabi
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How to use artificial intelligence technology and Big Data to help develop critical thinking in young people and the goal of reducing disinformation that targets children and young people through online social media?
Disinformation is currently the most frequently cited problem occurring in social media from which children and young people gain knowledge. Companies engage advertising companies that specialize in running online advertising campaigns, in which advertising spots, videos and banners informing people about promotional offers for products and services sold are posted on social media. The aforementioned online social media are also viewed by children and teenagers. For some of these social media, the primary audiences for profiled information and marketing messages are mainly school-aged youth. Children and adolescents are particularly susceptible to the influence of information transferred through the aforementioned online media. Advertisements are thematically profiled to correlate with issues that are in the field of the main interests of children and adolescents. Unfortunately, many offers of various products and services promoted through online advertising campaigns are not suitable for children and adolescents and/or generate a lot of negative effects. Nowadays, applications based on generative artificial intelligence technology, intelligent chatbots, are increasingly used to generate banners, graphics, photos, videos, animations, advertising spots. With the help of these tools, which are available on the Internet, it is possible to create a photo, graphic or video on the basis of a written command, i.e. a kind of digitally generated works of such high graphic quality that it is very difficult to determine whether they are, for example, authentic photos taken with a camera or smartphone or are supposedly photos generated by an intelligent chatbot. It is especially difficult to resolve this kind of issue for children and young people who view these kinds of artificial intelligence technology-generated "works" used in banners or advertising videos. It is necessary, therefore, that education should develop in children the ability to think critically, to ask questions, to question the veracity of the content of advertisements, not to accept uncritically everything found in online social media. It is essential to add the issue of learning critical thinking to the process of educating children and young people. The goal of such education should be, among other things, to develop in children and young people the ability to identify disinformation, including the increasingly common factoids, deepfakes, etc. in online social media. In connection with the fact that in the creation of disinformation occurring mainly in the aforementioned social media are involved applications based on artificial intelligence, so children and adolescents should, within the framework of education, learn about the applications available on the Internet based on generative artificial intelligence technology, through which it is possible to generate texts, graphics, photos, drawings, animations and videos in a partially automated manner according to a given verbal command. This is how the applications available on the Internet based on the new technologies of Industry 4.0/5.0, including generative artificial intelligence and Big Data technologies, should be used to help develop critical thinking and a kind of resistance to misinformation in young people. During school lessons, students should learn about the capabilities of AI-based applications available on the Internet and use them creatively to develop critical thinking skills. In this way, it is possible to reduce disinformation directed through online social media towards children and young people.
I described the key issues of opportunities and threats to the development of artificial intelligence technology in my article below:
OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS AND THE NEED FOR NORMATIVE REGULATION OF THIS DEVELOPMENT
I described the applications of Big Data technologies in sentiment analysis, business analytics and risk management in my co-authored article:
APPLICATION OF DATA BASE SYSTEMS BIG DATA AND BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE SOFTWARE IN INTEGRATED RISK MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIZATION
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
How to use artificial intelligence and Big Data technologies to help develop critical thinking in young people and the goal of reducing misinformation that targets children and young people through online social media?
How can artificial intelligence technology be used to help educate youth in critical thinking and the ability to identify disinformation?
And what is your opinion about it?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
In writing this text I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
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I think that online social computer games can affect children and teenagers in both positive and bad ways.
Development of Skills: Playing games frequently calls for cooperation, strategic thinking, and problem-solving. Gamers can improve their mental faculties, inventiveness, and flexibility. Emotional Regulation: Skillfully crafted games provide players the opportunity to feel a variety of emotions and develop coping mechanisms. This has the potential to enhance emotional intelligence. Sense of Achievement: Reaching objectives, leveling up, and finishing tasks in video games can give one a sense of success and enhance their self-confidence.
Imagination and exploration: Games provide virtual environments for players to create, explore, and consider many scenarios. Adverse Effects: Over gaming can result in addiction, which can have a negative impact on social interactions, academic achievement, and physical health. Financial Concerns: Parents and caregivers may get unexpected credit card bills as a result of in-app purchases and loot boxes. It is essential to set up appropriate parental restrictions. Physical Health: Extended gaming sessions can cause headaches, sedentary behavior, and irregular sleep schedules. Education: Playing video games too much may affect academic performance and personal development. Mental Health: Excessive gaming might cause some gamers to develop social isolation, depression, or anxiety.
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I've recently released a software package that combines my research interests (history of science and statistics) and my day job (machine learning and statistical modelling) It is called timeline_ai (see https://github.com/coppeliaMLA/timeline_ai) It extracts and then visualises timelines from the text of pdfs. It works particularly well on history books and biographies. Here are two examples:
The extraction is done using a large language model so there are occasional inaccuracies and “hallucinations". To counter that I've made the output checkable. You can click on each event and it will take you the page the event was extracted from. So far it has performed very well. I would love some feedback on whether people think it would be useful for research and education.
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Simon Raper Excellent job, and the output is incredibly detailed!
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The Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS) 2024,
Salt Lake City, August 15-17, 2024
Track: ICT for Global Development
Mini-track: Digital technology and built environmental sustainability
Chaired by
Ewa Duda, Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland, eduda@aps.edu.pl
Hanna Obracht-Prondzyńska, University of Gdańsk, Poland, hanna.obracht-prondzynska@ug.edu.pl
March 1, 2024: Submissions are due at 10 a.m. ET (New York)
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Wishing you Ewa Duda success !
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The topic must be a controversial issue facing the field of education specific to your specialization and not a problem that is addressed at the local level. The topic must be an issue or problem that has experts suggesting at least two (2) distinct sides to the issue, both presenting valid points of view. The candidate will be expected to complete an extensive and intensive discussion of all sides of the chosen issue, giving specific strengths and weaknesses of both sides with equal fervor. All points of view must be backed by appropriate research data, not just opinions, and the points of view must be given equal representation. The candidate must then address how they would deal with a disagreement among educational stakeholders on this issue. In a conclusion section, the candidate will present their own thoughts and ideas justified by supporting sources. Extensive use of primary source information will be expected.
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Adult learners a neglected species in the generative AI era
"Many adults seeking to upskill themselves face challenges of digital incompetence and limited access to advanced AI tools, hindering their success in technology-driven environments. There is a critical need for a conceptual framework to guide educators on implementing AI in adult education effectively..."
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Maybe I should start my own museum for all my unique ideas. I could be the curator and professor.
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...there's no question about that. Is the viewer's mental horizon sufficient to understand the issues?
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What are the best ways for educators to leverage AI in the field of education? To create a more personalized, engaging, and efficient learning experience for all students.
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First and foremost, by recognizing that machines cannot replace humans in certain modes of thinking. Especially in the philosophical. Philosophy, at least by and large, requires open ended thinking that machines are not creative enough for. I advocate for more pass/fail graded classes with a special emphasis on portfolio for non-technical skills. And of course training in hard sciences and engineering(including how to use AI). I also advocate for offering PhDs by publication from all colleges(community ones to universities) to get a larger percentage of the population into more philosophical thinking. One of my sources: Ohnemus , Alexander . "A Girardian Case for PhDs by Publication." ResearchGate.net . www.researchgate.net/publication/373639875_A_Girardian_Case_for_PhDs_by_Publication. Accessed 4 Sep. 2023.
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How do you encourage, motivate your students to formulate an interesting, current, future-oriented, out-of-the-box, novel, creative, innovative thesis topic with what words, etc.?
What are your recommendations to your students in terms of selecting or independently formulating an interesting, current, future-oriented, out-of-the-box, novel, creative, innovative topic for a thesis, bachelor's thesis, master's thesis and/or doctoral dissertation?
What incentives do you apply to your students to come up with, create, formulate an interesting, timely, forward-looking, unconventional, novel, creative, innovative thesis topic?
In the current fast-changing reality, the era of the fourth or fifth technological revolution, the rapid emergence of new research concepts, new technologies, new proposals for solving certain problems, the search for ideas for new startups, the development of new socio-economic trends, new fashion trends for certain solutions, new ideas, etc., it is not easy to come up with, create, formulate an interesting, up-to-date, forward-looking, unconventional, novel, creative, innovative thesis topic. Therefore, it is important for lecturers and thesis supervisors to use certain incentives, motivators to select or independently formulate an interesting, current, future-oriented, unconventional, innovative, creative, innovative topic for the thesis, bachelor's thesis, master's thesis and/or doctoral thesis.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
What incentives do you apply to your students to come up with, create, formulate an interesting, timely, forward-looking, out-of-the-box, novel, creative, innovative thesis topic?
How do you encourage, motivate your students to formulate an interesting, current and future-oriented thesis topic?
And what is your opinion on this topic?
And what is your opinion about it?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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The thesis project is a crucial milestone in one's academic journey as well as in their future professional career. It provides the opportunity to delve into topics that will prove valuable in the future. Given the time required to compose the thesis, it is advisable to select a subject that will enhance our expertise and provide a sense of accomplishment.
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India has made progress in its literacy rate because of adult education programmes but unfortunately adult education in India is seen as a discipline for literacy only.
This discussion will explore the challenges and opportunities in adult education in India. It also explore the main reasons behind lack of advancements in Adult education in India as the subject despite having lots of scope still struggling in academia.
Some other potential discussion points could include the lack of funding for research, the need for collaboration between researchers, government, and practitioners and the potential impact of demographic shift on policy and practice.
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Advancing adult education in India presents both challenges and opportunities. Here are some key factors to consider:
Challenges:
1. Low Literacy Rates: India still faces significant challenges in terms of adult literacy rates. According to UNESCO, the adult literacy rate in India is around 74%, with a significant gender gap.
2. Access to Education: Many adults in India face barriers to accessing education, such as limited availability of educational institutions, lack of infrastructure, and financial constraints.
3. Language Diversity: India is a linguistically diverse country, with numerous regional languages. Providing education in multiple languages and ensuring effective communication can be a challenge.
4. Technological Divide: Access to technology and digital literacy can be a barrier for adult learners, particularly in rural areas or among marginalized communities.
5. Socio-cultural Factors: Societal norms, gender biases, and cultural factors can influence adult education participation, particularly for women and marginalized groups.
Opportunities:
1. Government Initiatives: The Indian government has launched various initiatives to promote adult education, such as the National Literacy Mission and the Digital India campaign. These initiatives provide opportunities for collaboration and investment in adult education.
2. Skill Development: India's growing economy demands a skilled workforce. Adult education programs can focus on providing vocational training and skill development to enhance employability.
3. Technology-Enabled Learning: Technology can play a significant role in advancing adult education. Online platforms, mobile learning, and digital resources can help overcome geographical barriers and provide flexible learning opportunities.
4. Public-Private Partnerships: Collaboration between government, non-profit organizations, and private sectors can help address the challenges of adult education by pooling resources, expertise, and innovative approaches.
5. Community Engagement: Engaging local communities, NGOs, and grassroots organizations can help create awareness, build trust, and tailor educational programs to meet the specific needs of adult learners.
6. Recognition of Prior Learning: Recognizing and valuing the skills and knowledge acquired through informal and non-formal means can encourage adult learners to participate in education and gain formal recognition for their abilities.
Addressing these challenges and leveraging the opportunities can contribute to the advancement of adult education in India, empowering individuals, and promoting socio-economic development.
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The higher and tertiary education sector is witnessing an era of supra-national, national, and institutional challenges. The challenges include; massification via candidate enrolments, politically influenced policies , interculturality, teaching innovations in higher education, and unprecedented effects of climate change. These are exacerbating significant episodes of big man syndrome.
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BMS = big man syndrome
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How should schools, colleges and universities take advantage of new technologies so that they do not lag behind technological progress?
In recent years, the world has been increasingly influenced by the ongoing fourth technological revolution. Industry 4.0, biotechnologies, green technologies, innovation, etc. are being developed. The development of information processing technologies in the era of the current technological revolution termed Industry 4.0 is determined by the development and growth of applications of ICT information technologies, internet technologies and advanced data processing. The current technological revolution defined as Industry 4.0 is determined by the development of the following technologies, analytical techniques, ICT solutions, etc. : learning machines, deep learning, artificial intelligence, smart technologies, Big Data Analytics, Data Science, cloud computing, machine learning, personal and industrial Internet of Things, Business Intelligence, autonomous robots, horizontal and vertical data system integration, multi-criteria simulation models, digital twins, additive manufacturing, Blockchain, cyber security instruments, Virtual and Augmented Reality and other advanced data processing technologies Data Mining. New technologies and innovations are emerging from research institutes, R&D centres, new technology development centres, technology companies, universities and other entities, among others. On the other hand, newly emerging innovations and technologies find new practical and business applications through their implementation in the various fields of activity of actors. Also schools, colleges and universities try to implement new technologies into their activities, so as not to lag behind the technological progress.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
How should schools, colleges and universities make use of new technologies so as not to lag behind the technological advances taking place?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this subject?
Please respond,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
The following articles are related to the above issues in some respects:
OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS AND THE NEED FOR NORMATIVE REGULATION OF THIS DEVELOPMENT
THE QUESTION OF THE SECURITY OF FACILITATING, COLLECTING AND PROCESSING INFORMATION IN DATA BASES OF SOCIAL NETWORKING
APPLICATION OF DATA BASE SYSTEMS BIG DATA AND BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE SOFTWARE IN INTEGRATED RISK MANAGEMENT IN ORGANISATION
The role of Big Data and Data Science in the context of information security and cybersecurity
The postpandemic reality and the security of information technologies ICT, Big Data, Industry 4.0, social media portals and the Internet
Business Intelligence analytics based on the processing of large sets of information with the use of sentiment analysis and Big Data
Cybersecurity of Business Intelligence Analytics Based on the Processing of Large Sets of Information with the Use of Sentiment Analysis and Big Data
The Big Data technologies as an important factor of electronic data processing and the development of computerised analytical platforms, Business Intelligence
I invite you to scientific cooperation,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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One significant direction of industry 4.0 is the mirroring of machines an processes in the digital world, also known as digital twins. There are many steps required in implementing this such as: 1. accurate sensors on the IIOT machines to provide input data for the digital twin, 2. IT infrastructure to transfer data, 3. accurate models/simulations that can accurately predict the machines behaviour. A cloud-based simulation tool can cover #2 and #3 at once, as there's no need for internal hardware and infrastructure to carry out the calculations. You can find more information about that in this webinar: https://www.simscale.com/webinars-workshops/digital-twin-summit/
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Hello Scholars and Practitioners,
I just completed a study investigating the effect of competition in gamified online discussions. Moving forward, I'd like to pursue other aspects in gamified learning for my dissertation.
I wonder if there are scholars or practitioners in this community that are implementing gamification in their research, platform, courses, or training, and are willing to discuss and see opportunities for collaboration.
Many thanks.
#gamification #learning #K-12 #adulteducation #performance #behavior
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Hi Dr. Hernández,
Thank you for the kind words! Your area of expertise are impressive. I would also love to learn and extend my focus to serious game for learning in the near future. Looking forward to see opportunities for collaboration!
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How do you think, dear colleagues, the use of artificial intelligence (AI), chatbots and other similar technologies will affect the transformation of education?
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Dear Dr. Nalyvaiko!
You raised a very important topic to address. I am not a futurist so I think the best view of the future is to have a literature review:
1) Bearman, M., Ryan, J. & Ajjawi, R. Discourses of artificial intelligence in higher education: a critical literature review. High Educ (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00937-2, Open access:
2) Ng, D.T.K., Leung, J.K.L., Su, J. et al. Teachers’ AI digital competencies and twenty-first-century skills in the post-pandemic world. Education Tech Research Dev (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-023-10203-6, Free access:
3) Abdulla Al Darayseh, Acceptance of artificial intelligence in teaching science: Science teachers' perspective, Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, Volume 4, 2023, Open access:
4) Conference proceedings 2023. Artificial Intelligence in Education Technologies: New Development and Innovative Practices
Proceedings of 2022 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education Technology, © 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Part of Springer Nature, Available at:
Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely
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The current technological revolution, known as Industry 4.0, is determined by the development of the following technologies of advanced information processing:
Big Data database technologies, cloud computing, machine learning, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, Business Intelligence and other advanced data mining technologies.
Which of these technologies are applicable or will be used in the future in the education process?
Please reply
Best wishes
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Let’s be clear: the metaverse (however you define it) is decades away.
Which is not to say that it can be ignored in the meantime. Because while it may seem like science fiction or over-inflated hype at the moment, the fact remains that huge amounts of money and effort are being poured into making it happen – and educators need to at least be aware of its possible implications...
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In a given class room, if all the class is unable to understand what you teach, and the whole class scores F grade (Fixed grading system), is there possibility that the whole class is dismissed? In other words, if the whole class scores an average grade of less than the pass mark cut point in all the subjects, can the whole class be dismissed? Assume 10 subjects are taught by 10 different teachers.
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Yes, you can do that, but it is not so simple. Firstly you must carefully weigh the pros and cons. Students come first. In addition,
Zoncita D. Norman
made a good point.
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Adult college students who are over 30 are facing some challenges when they come back to colleges from work. What are the possible challenges? And how to deal with it? Some suggestions or modifictions for them or colleges?
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Many institution (e.g. Coursera, Thomas Edison State University) have guidelines for their adult students. An Internet search for "Challenges facing adult learners" turned up numerous useful blogs, articles, and references, most of which agree on the primary obstacles and how to overcome them.
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Nowadays high-quality free stuff is easily accessible to everyone who has internet access. People use those open sources and gain knowledge, skills, and competence in the fields of their choice. In most cases, the understanding and competence level of such people is better as compared to those degree/diploma holders who attend formal schools, colleges and universities. Here a question arises if we should develop a system of assessment to acknowledge the achievement of such people and award degrees and diplomas for which they qualify. I personally believe it would be an injustice if we deprive them of the diplomas and degrees on the plea that they were unable to attend school because of financial or other reasons otherwise they possess the required knowledge, skills, and competence.
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If I can learn how to fly a plane from internet - can I call myself a pilot? Would you fly with me?
Lou
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I like to do my Ph.D in mechanical engineering. My first option is Deemed to be University in India. And the Deemed to be university is approved by the University grands commission.
But some people are telling, studying in Deemed to be university is not valid. And telling you are not able to get a job in foreign countties.
Please clarify my doubt.
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The type of University would hardly matter if your Ph.D. topic is unique and work is free from any synonym of copy and you have followed the standard norms like publishing min three papers in Scopus Indexed journals and patenting your work etc. Ultimately the doctorate person will be judged not on his face vale but on the basis of his knowledge and work.
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  • In my opinion, the location of knowledge in the head or in the brain is a postulate, that is to postulate means "to suggest or accept that to theory or idea is true as a starting point for reasoning or discussion" (Collins). But Basis for Research. To postulate is "to assume to be very or exist; Take for Granted ”(Collins). And I would add to take for granted without any proof, and in any case not demonstrable .
Français
La plupart des théories de l'apprentissage et de l'enseignement sont basées sur le postulat que la connaissance est dans la tête ou le cerveau. Et si ce n'était pas le cas?
À mon avis, l'emplacement des connaissances dans la tête ou dans le cerveau est un postulat. Un postulat est un « Principe non démontré que l'on accepte et que l'on formule à la base d'une recherche ou d'une théorie » (CNRTL).
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There are no accepted theories of learning apart from Pavlov's conditioning. In terms of teaching, there is a multitude of these. The question of where the mind (knowledge) resides cannot be answered by any empirical means. It is a question of where you are and what you are. Contemplate these essential questions for as long as you can!
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Dear researchers, I am writing a thesis on self-regulated learning and Al-Ghazali's views in education. Are there any similarities? What new views on education/Tarbiyah can be applied? please help books or references that support.
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Individual learning or self-learning is a type of complete learning that emphasizes giving the learner absolute freedom in his learning and following the approach of imposition or severity and not taking knowledge together because it is harmful to them
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Hi,
I am currently trying to determine which questions in Schommers epistemological beliefs questionnaire belong to each of the 5 dimensions: simple knowledge, certain knowledge, omniscient authority, inate ability and quick learning
Does anybody know of a study that lists these as I can only see 2 examples for each in the original study and subsequent others
Thanks
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What is the aim of the study?
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The classroom is comprised of different individuals, each of them with their own uniqueness, and having been admitted into the institution of learning gives them access to learn, and also right to enjoy that learning just like every other person.
In the variety of students in our classrooms are brilliant, gifted and talented children. However in the same classroom are physically challenged persons whose desire is also to learn, and gain quality knowledge. In some situations, some teachers see those physically challenged as burdens, and they do nothing or less to carry them along thereby denying them access to adequate learning.
With the advancement of science and technology comes with solutions to how those learners can also learn, and also help teachers who couldn't help them to actually carry them along, and that brought the introduction of assistive technologies.
What are some of those assistive technologies that a teacher can advise those learners to get in order to learn adequately just like others even as he/she helps in anyway possible?
How can those technologies be used?
Do those technologies have merits, and demerits?
Remember everyone have the best they can contribute, likewise the physically challenged, and if we don't do anything to help them, how can the best in them be activated?
Your response is needed.
Thanks.
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The following RG link is also very useful:
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Is age an important factor in obtaining a PhD? or is it entirely dependent on the discipline of study, area, and/or offering institution?
Most often, we hear that someone is too young or too old to hold a PhD in certain fields, such as social sciences (too young), science, and engineering (too old). A quick look at the statistics suggests that this idea is supported in some way, as seen below.
31.3 in the life sciences
30.2 in physical sciences
32.4 in the social sciences
30.5 points for engineering
40.5 years of education
34.5 points for humanities
36.1 Other non-S&E fields
Although there are a few exceptions, such as some senior citizens graduating with a PhD at the age of more than 80, the tendency appears to be as stated above.
What are your thoughts on the link between age and Postgraduate education, as well as the discipline of study?
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In my opinion, age is not an important factor since you can see that a lot of old person are sometimes more performant than young people (and vice versa). However, the discipline of study, the actual infrastructure of the university, the type of reserach conducted during a PhD and the disponibility of reactifs and materials (in time) are the keys factors to clearly determine the time in which a PhD could possibly be obtained (let's not forget that the choice of PhD supervisor is also a crusial / mandatory element).
Best wishes,
Sabri
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Exams with open-ended questions are so beneficial to understand include personal feelings, opinions, or ideas but it is very hard to read(evaluate). Do you have any method are you using to read(evaluate) open-ended questions in exams?
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Dear Hacı Hasan Yolcu,
Yes, exams with open-ended questions are good for understanding the level of knowledge of the students. But it is really hard to evaluate the exam scripts perfectly. Because there is no specific method to evaluate open-ended questions in exams. According to me, the following steps can be employed:
· All open-ended questions should be divided in small parts.
· Breakdown of marks for each part of the question should be mentioned against the question;
· Students answering questions specifically and to the point should be given good marks.
· Teachers should give higher marks to them who have answered in their own language and those who have used practical examples of their own rather than them who just have answered from memory.
· Who have made their answers unnecessarily lengthy using irrelevant points should be given poor marks.
· Higher marks should be given to them whose answers match with the learning outcomes of the contents.
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MOOCS are gaining momentum and popularity among higher educational institutions over the globe due to their unique features to escalate access, equity and quality based education. Kindly suggest your opinion supported by valid text.
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Thank you so much for your explicative post, I will read the literature you refer to, Prof. Stylianos Mystakidis
For me, 3D virtual space in the virtual world Second Life is totally a new unknown tool, thank you for sharing it.
Best Regards.
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Hello everyone,
I am adopting and adapting a survey which have 5 scales (commitment control, emotion control, ect) to measure self-regulation of language learning (a certain skill), the aim of the survey as I mentioned to measure the high and low self-regulation capacity among participants.
How can I use the questionnaire to generate more interesting findings? other than just the low and high self-regulation? can you inspire me with some creative ideas?
I was thinking to see gender differences among groups, and to add a part about socio-economic status.
Please inspire me with new ideas without having to make major changes to the survey. Let me know also the name of the tests required for the specific idea.
Thank you.
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Dear Samaher, your research would need to start from the research question(s) that you want to answer - and not from the research instruments you are using. The instrument itself is only a way to gather data that can help you to answer your question(s). So the simplest idea to help you would be to turn your research back on its feet: Start with want you want to find out about (which usually derives from what is already know/not yet known in your area of research) - and only then pick the scales that are appropriate to measure the student characteristics that you are interested in.
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The COVID-19 Global leadership Performance Index
I like to improve methodology and survey questions for the project- The COVID-19 Global leadership Performance Index. Link to survey form is given below:
fur further details, kindly refer to the project section. I seek academic collaboration from different countries' researchers and seek cooperation from them in collecting survey information and ask them to join me in this academic pursuit where they can be part of a research team, which will publish papers based on data.
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The above are old lits though but details comprehensively traits of visionary leaders pre-covid.
Also see bluecolar leadership on Linkedin.
Hope it helps.
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I was once asked to volunteer to teach a philosophy course for U3A. I had to turn down the request because of the excessive time involved in travelling to and from the venue, otherwise I would have been happy to do it. However, I later learned that even volunteer instructors were required to become fee-paying members of their U3A chapter. Since I had no interest in availing myself of their services I thought that policy was a bit much.
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I should emphasize that I don't have a problem with U3A's use of unpaid instructors. I have great respect for pro bono volunteerism. Nor do I have a problem with people who make use of U3A's course offerings and other benefits having to pay a reasonable membership fee; the various U3A chapters do after all have overhead costs to cover. But I was taken askance by the idea that volunteer instructors or tutors should be required to pay U3A membership fees even when they make no use of U3A's services. Also, it likely works as a disincentive for potential volunteers.
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In most cases, educators receive their training before they start working or at the early stages of their working life. In very few cases, they receive retraining to update and upskill. With time the methodologies used by educators become obsolete. With time, there will be a need for retraining and upskilling for the teachers.
Whose responsibility should it be then to retrain and upskill the masses of teachers with outdated ways of doing things? Especially when the environment is completely changed overnight as is the case with the transition from face to face teaching to Online teaching because of the pandemic?
Should the teachers invest in their own training and retraining or the government and other authorities be responsible? What do you think? Please share your thoughts.
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It should be the responsibility of the employer
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I am developing a quasi experimental study in the field of game-based learning and initially I intended to use different subjects for both control and experimental. But, due to covid-19 restrictions, I will only have access to my experimental group sample. In the past (some months before starting the experimental intervention), I developed an exploratory approach with the same group that I didn’t publish yet.
Summing up, my question is: what is the scientific validity of using the same subjects, in different points in time as both control and experimental group? What issues can be anticipated?
Thank you so much!
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Using the same subject as control and experimental group will depend on the study design. If it is a crossover study, then it may be fine as different groups would undergo different interventions or control at various time points. However, if you have only one group and use it as control and experimental group, then it may lead to issues regarding the confounding factors. The groups may not be of the same age when treated as control and experimental. Furthermore, growth may play a role in giving you different outcomes which may not necessarily be due to treatment or experiment. The upside is that the control and experimental groups would be matched perfectly as they are the same group.
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What students in schools and students at universities should learn, what skills should they improve and acquire beyond the knowledge itself?
In education, it is not only about transferring knowledge, but also about the ability to use this knowledge, to acquire, search, process and use it to implement projects. In some fields of study, apart from the knowledge itself, it is important to develop students 'and students' skills, inter alia, regarding the activation of teamwork, critical thinking, participation in debates and discussions, entrepreneurship, innovation, creativity, specific computer programs related to the field of study, etc.
Do you agree with me on the above matter?
In the context of the above issues, the following question is valid:
What students in schools and students at universities should learn, what skills should they improve and acquire beyond the knowledge itself?
Please reply
I invite you to the discussion
Thank you very much
Best wishes.
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University friends are often friends for life.
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I am looking for guidelines and recommendations for the construction and implementation of OSPE (Objective Structured Practical Examination) for assessing students' practical knowledge/Skills in Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, and related pharmacy courses
Could you provide any suggestions, references, or any manual, please
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What impacts can you see on education and student mobility with the COVID-19 pandemic?
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Undoubtedly, Covid-19 Pandemic has marked a significant on education as well as on student mobility. As per my observation, this is the first instance in the mankind that suddenly online mode of education has become the only way left for teaching learning process and that too at a global front.Consequently, this sudden shift of offline class into virtual mode not only paved a way for a students as well as educators to get acquaint with the diverse ways of engaging the students in non-real world (use of various educational apps) which were no where in the list during offline mode of classroom interactions. In my opinion, blended form of teaching (both offline and online) would be the scenario of future education.
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It is a basic question, but important for me.
As I am going to complete my PhD in Computer Science and Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Dhanbad, India in 2017. I also have good number of publications in reputed journals. Now, I am interested to do the postdoc/research associate job in Computer vision, Image/video processing. My question is:
What is more preferred: (1) Experience of postdoc with publications in reputed journals (2) post PhD teaching (academic) experience.
Expert kindly suggest
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Harald Zellmer at present, I am doing my postdoc at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark and I am happy with my decision. Thanks to ask about it.
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Hello all Research Gate users.
I wonder if Nursing Boards in Europe or Nursing Accreditation Bodies for nursing and/or midwifery contacts (e.g. e-mail addresses) are somewhere available online or I simply have to find them on one to one basis.
Thank you all for helping
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Hello @mar
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Who evaluate the performance of the professors at your university?
How do they do that?
What do you see positive and negative in this evaluation procedure?
What does the theory say about the evaluation of teacher performance?
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Thank you very much dear Montserrat, it is very complete information.
I also thank Dr. Chibuzo Ukegbu
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'Students just dont want to study; they are here to waste time!'
I have heard this phrase many times; so are the students solely to be blamed?
We will find many students who just dont seem to have the motivation to learn. So how to solve this problem?
How about asking students to write down their own learning outcomes; what do they want from this Economics course? What ends do they have in mind when they join this program; and then use this input to offer students what they want to learn instead of forcing down topics which they just dont seem to relate closely with?
Look forward to my fellow researcher's valuable inputs in this regard.
Best wishes
Sohaib Siddiqui
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Students at higher levels could be involved in finalizing the learning outcomes, especially for needs-based curriculum. However, I do not think it is a good idea to leave it entirely to students. Instead, they could be made a part of this process.
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I am in the process of writing a literature review paper on Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC). Google Scholar shows more than 52700 publications talking about MOOC and I assume most of Edu. Databases will show more or less number. This is even if the first MOOC was introduced in 2008!
I know your recommendations and insights will enlighten the work. Please tell me first what you believe the future of MOOC will be and then recommend the keystones articles in your point of view.
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The technics of MOOCs and also nano MOOCS (NOOCs) will improve more and more, Prof Alaa Aldahdouh.
It takes time, but some platforms are going to be very efficient in delivering MOOC courses.
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What innovative methods can be employed for conducting student assessments and evaluations within a creative learning environment
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Dear are new online tools for assessments, Prof. Hacı Hasan Yolcu, for example, the H5P content:
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Goodmorning,
I am doing my research on Adult Education and I was wondering if someone could help me.
The Role of the school Principal to the school effectiveness. I will focus on Adult Education Organisations.
I would be greatful if someone could suggest books or articles on the subject.
Thank you
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Actually, what I am looking for is school effectiveness, focusing on foundations of adult and continuing education. What is school effectiveness on these foundations, how is it achieved, what factors that to the effectiveness, what is the role of leadership on this, what is the role of the principal of the foundations of adult education...
Thank you, in advance (again)
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I am interested in reading on any theoretical treatises and empirical studies on the application of critical pedagogy & education / feminist (if any) with with children and/or adults with intellectual disabilities. Reference to critical pedagogy with children and/or adults with physical disabilities is also of interest. Yet, I seem to be drawing a blank on both accounts but especially the former. I would appreciate any suitable directions.
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Marvin Formosa It is an important connection you are searching for. I am a action researcher currently working with people with severe intellectual disability. My PhD is from Roskilde University and my mentor was Kurt Aagaard Nielsen. Nielsen inspired me to work with critical theory and critical pedagogy. Participation and collaboration are very difficult challenges working with people that cannot read, write and struggle with verbal communication. The core ideas of «critical», of «participation», of «collaboration» become deeply ethical and creative challenges. My main co-researcher Sofie Daae Kversøy has a severe intellectual disability. Paying attention and seizing the moment is a methodological focus. Sofie is showing and leading and the rest of us co-researchers are enterpreting and facilitating. Are open access articles here on ResearchGate shows our methodology. Even the thought of having Sofie as a co-researcher has been an ethical challenge. We agree that people with intellectual disabilities have the same right to be credited for their development work as any other reseacher. Even though both feminist and critical theory is not applied explisit, you will see our work is radical, critical, enmancipating and creates change and autonomy. You will find ideas from Freire, Dewey, Habermas, Lewin, Jungk, Müllert, Sennet, Vagle, Møller ...
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I am looking for the most recent research and developments connecting conation and post-training soft skills application (2015 to present).
Thoughts?
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GM
Look at SCOPUS or Web of Science
Best regards
Ph.D. Ingrid del Valle García Carreño
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Be it resilience, communications, leadership, diversity & inclusion, etc., many of us have been provided soft skills training. Some of which we used and some of which we did not. If you are over 18 years old, have had any type of soft skills training and would be willing to share a few minutes with me to answer a few questions concerning why you used or did not use the soft skills learned, please use the link below to contact me. For anonymity please do not volunteer in the comments area of this post.
Thank You, Ricky
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It has to do with the way in which we, as homosapiens, regard any subject matter, situation, object, person, etc. Whenever we're making choices about anything, we subconsciously gravitate towards the choice that is 'perceived' as the stronger or more aggressive one. Evidence-based research in healthcare teaches us this time and time again. If there is evidence to support a more passive treatment approach, we will still discount it in favour of a more active, agressive form of treatment - even when it is not evidence-based. So, by the very virtue of the title 'soft skills', we readily and subconsciously discount them as being 'less worthy' and therefore not useful.
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Tenure Track System is one of the distinguished pay scale in universities all over the world. People are given honor alot while they are on tenure track system in USA universities. What is the importance of Sabbatical leave in this system? A person on sabbatical leave should be considered working for the parent university even when he is in Child university?
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Main purpose of sabbatical is to promote scholarly work. In Most countries teaching staff members apply for sabbatical leave for high end research which is difficult to conduct during regular class sessions and working days. It helps to enhance research work, enrich teaching-learning process and course contents, and bring new knowledge for the betterment of society, nation and world.
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Is there such thing as false interpretation in Literature?
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An interpretation is considered admissible if it's not in contradiction with the text, but since the text is open and polysemous, the return to the text is often insufficient to determine the validity of the interpretations, which are diverses and can be contradictory. Literary interpretation is both subjective and in part conditioned by interpretative communities (Fish). We cannot use a criterion of truth (true / false) but an intersubjective validation process (admissible / contestable), in other words to be admissible an interpretation must be recognized as such by other readers. We must then turn to the explanation by the readers of the sources of their interpretations. In my educational research, I have shown that teachers refer more to literary culture and students to the values ​​shared in their communities as well as to their personal experiences of the world. Thank you for the rich discussion!
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There are probably several options in educating software engineers. As far as I know, certain understanding is developing in that applied mathematics or engineering are not the only acceptable backgrounds for software developers. But how can practical education be differentiated in terms of students' backgronds and related knowledge communities? Are there relevant educational frameworks that can be applied?
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I believe that, just like learning a foreign language, immersion in the activity and culture of delivery is important. You can learn structure of language and such, but the idiomatic expressions and techniques come from innovative and diverse teams working together continuously.
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What Is the principles of Adult Education?
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Good question
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A lot of attention (research) is nowadays paid to the child-oriented DRR approaches, but adults will need to act now and the level of their preparedness is rather low. How we can enhance it? How we can educate them and motivate them to learn about DRR? ... in Europe conditions.
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We have been using serious games to engage stakeholders and experts in discussions on disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptations and found it a very useful approach. The gaming approach allows people to have discussions in a fun environment and it is easier for the participants to get out of their usual roles and to thereby get them to see other perspectives.
In the ESPREssO project (https://www.researchgate.net/project/Enhancing-Synergies-for-disaster-Prevention-in-the-EurOpean-Union-ESPREssO ), we have developed and utilised three serious games (RAMSETE 1-3).
You can have a look at our website here: https://translate.google.de/translate?hl=&sl=de&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dkkv.org%2Fde%2Fserious-gaming - sorry, for the translate link; we are in the process of updating the backend of our site and the English button is no functioning yet.
If you want to get your hands on the developer set of RAMSETE 3, shoot me a message.
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Smart working
Usually
"is known as a new model of work that uses the new technologies and the development of existing technologies to improve both the performance and the satisfaction that is obtained from the job".
What are its advantages and disadvantages of it?
Do you have smart working in your country?
Many thanks for your suggestions
Antonio Russo
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Dariusz's answer is highly accepted.
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Can educators share your views on teachers' rights by giving your 1. personal thoughts and 2. theoretical knowledge in this area? TQ
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Following.
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How do we build an effective Faculty Learning Community ? This is my new action project. Any ideas is greatly appreciated! 
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I agree with Bunny Lee Paine-Clemes
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Looking forward to creating a set of resources for everyone to easily access and learn from.
While I have been trained to teach online and in hybrid environments, many teachers and faculty are being suddenly through into a new realm with the onset of quarantine measures regarding the coronavirus.
What are your tips for best practices, insights, tips on teaching online? For instance, do you like using synchronous means of interaction via Zoom room perhaps, or asynchronous methods? How do you manage group work? Do you use PowerPoints with voice over? and how do you manage creating an inclusive online environment for those with disabilities or varied cognitive learning styles?
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I am developing some PowerPoints with voiceover using Screencast-o-matic.com, which I was encouraged to use during an assignment task as part of the master's in education I completed recently. I will need to do more 'live' classes, but I think my aim overall is to use a combination of both. It is good to read from other posters that learners are apparently adapting quite quickly. I have a friend teaching younger kids and he told me that after a positive experience initially, several of his students have ADD, for example, and the challenges or even difficulties in managing these in a real-world class are intensified online.
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Kindly share the key strategies, techniques and practices which makes the learning process indeed effective. The key ingredients for quality teaching.
Note: it is not focused on a quality teacher; rather on how can learning take place more effectively.
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That's what we need in the Arab and Islamic worlds nowadays ...@@@
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I need help for a research project I'm doing. I want to know what expressions are expressed in students' faces at class when they don't understand a topic a Professor is explaining. Do you know where I can find information? Any recommendable paper? All help is welcome.
Thank you so much in advance.
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When you do not understand something you usually feel frustration. This feeling can be expressed in forms of anger, irritation, dislike for the professor and so on. If you do not have anyone who can help you may feel dissatisfaction, which feeling can translate into a sense of being more stupid than the other students. I attach something about students coping mechanism with their lives:
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In the discussion you mention that history-in-person reflections have potential for awareness raising and thus teacher development. I'm curious about whether any of this happened in your study
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Research shows that teachers who are trained in practice will apply the systems they have been educated in, but also the systems and methods they have learned during their studies. Professional development depends on several factors: personality, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, experience while studying, social and social environment, circumstances, personal ambition, material status, level of general education, interest, age, previous education, family, etc. ...
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What kind of scientific research dominate in the field of Education and pedagogy?
Please, provide your suggestions for a question, problem or research thesis in the issues: Education and pedagogy.
Please reply.
I invite you to the discussion
Best wishes
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I think, in some universities, there is a movement away from a search for the truth through rigorous research. It seems that no matter how well researched or documented a study is, it can be shot down by accusations, political maneuvering, or slandering the researcher. There will come a crisis point, I believe, and the pendulum will swing back to a search for the truth.
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For good reasons America developed a segregated system of higher education, which currently means a number of colleges remain open to black people only. In the US, and other countries, students are also segregated on grounds like religion and gender. Is such a system compatible with the aim of a full and rounded education?
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I abhor any kind of discrimination.
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How does education and pedagogy change due to the development of IT information technologies related to the current fourth technological revolution called Industry 4.0?
Does the importance of memory science decrease and the importance of improving search techniques and information processing increases?
Please reply
I invite you to the discussion
Thank you very much
Best wishes
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ICTs can indeed change teaching/learning BUT it depends on how they are used. Pedagogy is key. Does pedagogy shift with ICTs? the research is unclear- with some suggesting it necessarily DOES while others suggest it does not. I am currently researching this so email me if you want to open a discussion. Just a caveat- i saw a comment earlier on here about 'learning styles'. this is a neuro myth- there is no empirical research to indicate that learning styles exist. This is a 20th century unfounded claim.
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Pakistani universities are offering two pay scales these days. ?Basic Pay scale and tenure track system. Which one is better and what are pros and cons?
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TTS system is almost fully flopped now. People working on TTS are not given any incentives and pay is never revised for over last 4-5 years. The differenece in pay of BBS and TTS is marginal. BPS system has attraction of pension which job security which TTS faculty can't think of. People who really perform on TTS system, HEC has no idea that how to give them incentives. All performers and non performers are treated equally. So, the purpose of TTS to promote research and all this is dead now. Also, it's common practice now to victimise TTS faculty in many Universities.
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Here is an ethical dilemma I would like to share with you guys to seek constructive feedback, thanks in advance:
A mother of one of my students came to me in tears and begged me that I pass her failing daughter in my course.
The mother said that she lost her husband in the war and that she is struggling to financially support her daughter.
I told the mother that my help to them is to give her daughter another chance to resit for the test and they thanked me.
The student did resit for the test, but when I came to score her answer sheet I discovered that she changed one of the question in her test paper with another that I did not ask! Additionally, her answer to the second question was not even close to English! She merely grouped letters to mock English! I wonder if she has been mocking me!
The mother was a real thorn in the ass doing the same with other professors. I don't know whether she was telling the truth about her difficult circumstances.
Your suggestions are much appreciated.
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RE: a student came in with a "sad story of his life" and I helped him...and after a few days I overheard him talking to some friends about his success with the story...
Reminds me of a student who asked for special treatment because his grandfather had just died — for the second time that year, as I learned from another instructor. I said okay, provided you submit a copy of the obituary with your late assignment. End of story.
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Dear Colleagues! As far as, from your point of view, it is possible (and justified) to implement the concept of Life Long Learning in a professional academic career by completely withdrawing from a successful scientific (teaching) activity, including with a defended doctoral thesis activity in a professional business activity (possibly with a corresponding new education / degree), not connected in any way with research and teaching activities? Do you know and can you give examples of such personal career development?
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I started my career in higher education, then went to work as a contractor for the U.S. federal government after receiving a Ph.D. I now do both, work as a contractor and teach at a university. It keeps me motivated in both areas.
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Dear Colleagues! How, from your point of view, is possible (and justified) the implementation of the concept of Life Long Learning in a professional (non-academic) business career through the complete withdrawal from a successful business activity, including with the preparation and defense of a doctoral dissertation with subsequent teaching (research) activities? Do you know and can you give examples of such personal career development?
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Dmytro Lukianov I am not sure I understand your question correctly, but I started my career in restaurant and tourist businesses both as a successful professional chef and later as a manager. At age 32 I started my academic career for the first time and took a PhD at age 47. I currently work as a lecturer and researcher. In Norway many of my master students are over 40 years of age. My oldest student so far has been 67. Life Long Learning I think is also an economical question. My grandparents would not think of changing their career during their life. I would be very difficult economically.
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Dear Colleagues! In your opinion, how possible (and justified) is the implementation of the concept of Life Long Learning in the academic field by preparing and defending a second (third, etc.) doctoral dissertation in a new direction for a scientist? Do you know and can you give examples of such a scientific career development?
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Hi!
I do not associate the term Life-long-learning with any general right for an academic to do a series of doctoral dissertations in various directions. A doctoral students education and support is a big investment for the state/the taxpayers, the university and the individual. To reach a PhD level is for an individual to be recognised for the ability to really both learn and create new knowledge on ones own.
Then other students should get the possibility to PhD studies. There is possibility to change directions of interest in research anyway.
I don’t want to criticise people who have double PhDs, but to create new possibilities for academics to make a number of dissertations in different subjects is probably not an ideal use of resources.
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Dear Colleagues! Is it possible to consider, from your point of view, taking into account the concept of Life Long Learning, a person of the age category 40+ "young scientists", if at that age he only defended his doctoral thesis? And if 50+? And more? Why?
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There are always newcomers to many events in this life. In research and education newcomers should always be welcome.
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How is personality development a part of education? Should formal education include the aspect of character formation?
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Education should be able to transform thoughts and behaviour. It can be improved by proper grooming by mentors. Education can help to improve soft skills.
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I am requesting research participants for my school approved basic qualitative research study. The information for my research study is below. If you are willing can you please provide instructional designers with my research information below. Thank you, Jodi Allen
Study Title: Identifying Instructional Design Strategies and Models for Adult Education with Assistive Technology
Researcher: Jodi Allen, Capella University, PhD Education Specialization Student
Email Address and Telephone Number: chopper63@comcast.net, jallen99@capellauniversity.edu, 847-445-9140
Research Supervisor: Dr. Celina Byers-Lenius
Potential Research Participants,
Hello, my name is Jodi Allen and I am currently a PhD student at Capella University, my Specialization is Education in Instructional Design for Online Learning. My research topic is to identify and describe the strategies and models experienced Instructional Designers use when designing and developing instruction for adult learners were learners use assistive technology as part of their learning. I will describe the process of selecting models the expert instructional designer use when designing instruction for adult education with the use of assistive technology. Peterson-Karlan (2015), provided insight that when planning and providing the subject content the instructional designer should consider the types of assistive technology and education technology that are available where the course will be used.
This approved basic qualitative research study consists of semi-structured interviews, both online and face-to-face semi-structured interviews related to the research topic and problem. I am providing the online interview process to be able to reach as many experts in the field of Instructional Design who design and develop instruction for adult learners who use Assistive Technology in the learning environment as possible.
You are invited to be in the study because you are:
  • An Instructional Designer who design instruction where assistive technology is used for Adult Education learning environments.
  • An Instructional Designer with 3 or more years of experience in designing instruction with the use of assistive technology in adult learning environments.
About twelve to fifteen participants will participate in this study.
If you decide to be in this study, your participation will last about one to three hours for the semi-structured interview and again for member checking the transcription of the interview. The member checking can be conducted via email or in person, whichever is convenient for you. The researcher does request the transcription be reviewed within 72 hours of receipt and the researcher receives the feedback at that time.
If you decide to be in this study and if you sign the consent form, you will do the following things:
  • Answer questions during an online interview about Instructional Design strategies and models used when developing instruction for adult education with the use of assistive technology from your perspective.
  • Describe the process you use in relation to selecting learning theory and instructional design models when designing course content for learners who use assistive technology in the learning environment.
You will be audiotaped for the semi-structured interview portion of this study only. I will then use the audiotape to ensure all information revealed in the interview is captured from your perspective. To ensure data accuracy, I will only use the recordings of you for the purposes you read about on the semi structured online interview formal consent form. I will not use the recordings for any other reasons without your permission unless you sign another consent form. The recordings will be kept for seven years and will be destroyed after seven years.
If you would like to be a part of my research study and meet the above criteria please email me at Jallen99@capellauniveristy.edu, chopper63@comcast.net, or contact me at 847-445-9140.
Thank you,
Jodi Allen
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My doctoral thesis is about educational leadership
Both methodology quantitative and qualitative
ingrid
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I'm studying about parent sexual education. I want to research parents of childeren with ASD. If you have any knowledge or research please contact me. (It can be private message)
Thanks...
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Dear Colleague,
You can asked me any question .It is very vital part in intervention procedure of ASD .
With regards
Dr. Fahmida
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Teach only what the student is able to learn. Or better, teach only the most of what you can actively share with your student.
Some eventual arguments:
1. Knowledge is not transmittable.
2. The meaning of knowledge can’t be the same within deep experience or within poor experience.
3. The locus of knowledge to be learned is in between, let’s say, the master of dance and the student, both in action. The beginner dancer dances better because of the help of the master.
In this example, the new knowledge seems to be "in between" (master vs learner). It is not completely the deep knowledge of the Master since he reduces his possibilities to adapt them to the beginner, and it is neither the actual possibilities of the beginner since he dances better only because he is helped by the master. So there is some knowledge enacted "in between" by both of them. What is then the nature of this knowledge that is short of what the teacher knows and beyond what the beginner already knows?
4. Etc.
Comment: The term expert is used here in a very wide sense: it just means that the teacher knows better and more than the student. For example, one doesn't need to be an expert mathematician to teach math at the primary level. At the university level, at least, you would need to be an expert to teach math.
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“Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire.”
– William Butler Yeats.
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Very often we see that the educated people do crimes in their everyday lives. Societies are different. Crimes are also different in terms of intensity. The questions arise: Does the formal education system help our students become good citizens? Is not it expected that educated people will act with better morality than others? Is this true that the moral sense in human is connected to formal education?
Please share your views, opinions, comments and questions.
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Before incorporating moral elements in academic courses, there has to be a qualitative change (in the academic arena) at the top to ensure that there are leaders (and not just managers) at the highest administrative positions. These leaders must be selected on the basis of merits only, competent, and honest.
Once there are leaders of high caliber, the lower rank & file reputable academics "who would have been appointed in a fair manner" will feel more comfortable & secure in including some ideas in their courses that will deal with moral issues.
A university must have a strict ethical code which fights corruption, racism, dishonesty, and cheating, etc. Regulations must apply on all those who are found at the academic setting "with no exceptions" from the bottom of the ladder to the top of it.
Immorality has destroyed empires in the past so it can easily cause a downfall of an academic institution despite the supporting safety measures that may be undertaken.
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I am writing my masters capstone paper on the effects of chronic disease/disability on adult learners' desire to engage in or persist in adult education experiences (distance and F2F programs). I hope to find reference to significant contributors or research related to this idea.
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As a PhD and having studied and worked in the field of sociology/education over a long period of time, as well as having chronic condition of T1 diabetes and related autoimmune conditions, surely the actual condition - which may or may not be perceived as a 'disability', makes a lot of difference. I have fought for much of my life to be 'able', yet this 'fight' has been, at times, made far more difficult because of this condition. At the same time, my various conditions have also given me the incentive to try harder, to achieve my academic ambitions, and most importantly, not let my chronic condition/disability, stop me from getting to where I want to be. Through recent online social networking, I have learnt that many others in my situation have also gone beyond the norm, to achieve beyond what might be expected as a way of overcoming the disabling affects of such conditions. There are many social networking sites that would be a good source of data. Good luck with your study!
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I am planning my graduate thesis on mature students at Trent University; their challenges, their needs, and their awareness and use of supports within the school. While I will be making use of ERIC and other suitable databases, I would love to hear about current research on this subject. I would also like to know about any existing support systems or other services/accomodations within other institutions which are tailored to mature students. Content from Canada would be wonderful, but I am equally interested in how the needs of these students are handled (or not) across the globe. Thanks for your assistance.
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Hi Lydia. I work and research in the pre-university (preparatory) area and the vast majority of our students are mature age, often referred to as second-chance learners given that they are re-engaging with formal education after varying periods of time (and motivations). By far their biggest restraints are financial and physical and mental health issues, and juggling all the life balls they have to throw into the mix when returning to study. My research has shown that it is not the 'academic' as such' that challenges the students, but the life issues' they confront in a context that is often alien to them and their families. There are many enabling courses in Australia, most situated in the university they prepare their students for entry to. Let me know if this is of any help. Kind regards Julie
Dr Julie Willans
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I would like to know if it makes sense to perform a statistical analysis to evaluate how to improve the learning process and the teaching process during teaching. When teaching physics, chemistry or mathematics, does it have any utility to evaluate additional data to test scores and to the fulfillment of the program in class? How does the teaching process in the best teaching centers, the statistics that work for them, make sense, or is it simply a matter of quality in the knowledge and appropriate strategies? Greetings.
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Doing a statistic analysis on the student answers to test questions can tell you what portions of the curriculum that the students are not grasping well. This can be used as a tool to strengthen those areas in you lessons.
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I am working on an audience analysis for a proposed workshop on using Angelo & Cross (1993) Classroom Assessment Techniques (CATs) in post-secondary education and training environments.  A response to the following prompts would be greatly appreciated:
Does your position includes teaching responsibilities?
Does your background include coursework in adult education teaching theory and methods?
Does your institution promote or require the use of classroom assessment techniques (including online modes) as a research-based method for improving teaching and learning?  Do you think they should?
Does your institution provide or offer any workshops or seminars for full and part-time (including adjunct) faculty on the use of classroom assessments techniques? Do you think they should?
Would you be interested in attending (face-to-face, online or blended) a workshop or seminar on implementing practical, research-based, effective methods such as CATs to improve teaching and learning?
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Yes, I am a Professor and my academic training included courses in adult education. I do believe these courses were helpful in my preparation for my career in the field of higher education.
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I am looking for a resource which explain suitable teaching methods for each domain of Bloom taxonomy. However my first priority is affective domain. (book is preferred). My audiences are farmers.
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Hello
   Initially I would like to say that I agree with what my colleagues have already said about affective dominance. But, respectfully, I believe that the starting point of a teaching method to address this topic should begin with an evaluation of teachers. Do the teachers at your institution have knowledge about this subject? Does the teacher have this domain? And finally, does he practice it?
   Our students today are very attentive and they do not accept hoc-scripted attitudes. I think we can only convey this message to the students when we really can practice and demonstrate our own domain.
   A good day to all
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Motivating, encouraging and assessing students to learn.
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Thanks for this question.
I have been a teacher for over 20 years, and this question goes to the heart of this profession. Authenticity is key here. I see so many teachers 'throwing away' praise. Kids are clever, and very quickly work out how 'meaningful' your encouragement is. If a kid is not doing so well, but you feel they need encouragement, do not fall into the trap of commending them for a mediocre performance. Equally, do not chastise them for this. Be accurate, and give them a measure of what they are doing, and how they can do it better.
Most important, and very simple: stress 'work', not 'intelligence'. Use the verb 'work' or synonyms to describe the path to achievement: "If you are able to work more on your reading, this will get better" or "You just didn't work hard enough on this project, that's why this project gets an F'.
Also, stress the objects the child produces, and not the child itself. You are not in the business of critiquing the child and their developing personality, but you are in the business of doing this to their work; the products they produce. Such an externalisation allows the child to develop as a conceptual thinker, without connecting issues of 'blame', and 'incompetence', or innate stupidity with their person - more with their work, and whether they put enough into it or not.
Sounds really simple, but difficult when you are in the thick of it in a classroom. IMHO, many people teach, few are teachers. It is an artform.
It naturally depends upon the age of the students. Different developmental phases may evince specific approaches to motivation.
Ultimately, you want to grow a child's self-confidence and self-efficacy. How capable they think they are and who well will do. You can work between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, but really, the more you can motivate a child intrinsically, the better.
To be honest, there is a lot of work on motivation in the classroom. I suggest going off for a search of appropriate material, and a good read.
I hope this helps,
Best wishes,
Alex
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Often we do that job quite well enough on ourselves. But also we still play tapes in our minds going all the way back to grade school. There are various "overcoming writing anxiety" exercises out there.
Do you have an answer?
Who has told you you can't write?
Do you overcome this?
How?
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I had experienced one of my article was submitted in a most reputed journal and i took it in a positive way and i published in the same journal.
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Hi, could someone let me know is there any research on the impact of national professional standards for teachers on practices of teachers, please.
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My research is along similar lines. But it is localised only to my state. From my literature review I discovered that a lot of work has been done on PD in order to meet professional standards set by schools or governmental agencies on school etc. in many parts of the world and some of these researches are easily available as books or pdfs. The only reason I am working on this is because not much work has been done on teachers' professional development/standards here in my region. But there is a lot of work that can be done on this I am sure. The key to this is - context. And context determines what kind of standards and development that teachers are required to take up.
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I am interested:
1. To research the changes in counselors’ lives through the Person-Centered training.
2. To research whether there are changes in self – self-concept, what kind of changes and how does the field of conception change.
3. Research of the experience of interpersonal and family relationships after the training.
4. Research of the experience of social and professional life after training.
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I speak from personal experience having been born into a dysfunctional family. The 'Rogerian' experience changed my life - I felt listened to for the first time in my life and changed my approach to others from being threats and rivals to one of cautiously accepting and trusting.
I subsequently used my training to run experiential workshops on 'Handling strong emotion around death, dying and loss' involving some 500 health care professionals and did blinded anonymous  feedback between 1 and 2 years later. For various reasons I have not (yet) published the very encouraging results but I would be happy to send you the forms I used which referred, for example, to their perceived impact on the family and work relationships. I attach my draft paper (which needs revising statistically).
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There are many different awareness rising posters and articles without proper source quoting and with very different time proposed for degrading of plastic bottles or bags in the sea.
Do you know the sources of the researches or the method how and who came up with these numbers?
There are such inconsistency on these ´´educational´´ posters, real eyesore.
E.g.
styrofoam will never degrade - or it will go away in 50 years :)
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Thanks Marina!
You are right, and the terminoloy ´´life span´´ of plastic, is also tricky because of fragmentation etc.
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I am a chemistry instructor in rural Wyoming community college. Often times I observed students have poor confidence about their abilities. They want to quit before they try. What can I do to overcome this state of mind of students?
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Challenge them to do work that would be not just "school work" but have genuine value in "the real world."  I used to tell grad students proposing a topic for their thesis, "I know you have to produce an unreadable paper to be published in an unread journal, but what I want from you is a 750-word lift that I can get published under your name in a prominent trade journal."  
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maybe you have STEAM education research instruments for teachers' and students' opinion? 
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Dear Dr. Suhad,
I am working on bio mechanics and I think it is very close to your field, and I have a tens of books related to this topic and I am ready to share with you.
Emad
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I am interested to conduct a study that explores university students' use of smartphones. Part of the study focuses on students' informal learning with their smartphones. Is there anyone who can help me find an appropriate survey instrument to measure students' informal learning?
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Dear Kamal
 I meant a longer response but the add button did not cooperate.
Of course you would use a smartphone.
 I have heard of eSpark learning app. Student use it but the research is able to track and analyze some data. Maybe it could help.
Thank you 
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Do you know of qualified candidates for a chemistry instructor position?
Chemistry Instructors needed during 2017-2018 academic year at Northern Illinois University’s DeKalb campus. Teaching involves mid-day lectures in 100-, 200-, and/or 300-level General and/or Organic Chemistry. PhD in chemistry (or closely related discipline) is required and prior teaching experience is desirable. Please forward letter of interest and CV to Northern Illinois University, the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, DeKalb, IL 60115 or e-mail ldavis@niu.edu. Review of applications will begin 7/20/17
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Timothy,
Is this really the sort of question to be asking here? Why not advertise the post and see who applies?
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Dear All,
Flipped classroom is now the "in-thing" model practised in universities and healthcare settings etc.
How is it beneficial to both learners and lecturers alike?
Thank you for your decent feedback and best regards.
Mariam
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 Flipped classrooms are an extension of the university system where students are required to read chapters of the text or watch videos about them, then perform some example in class. It helps cover a lot of material in the allowed time.
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Is there a relationship between our application for the scientific specialization's ethics and professional destiny?
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Ethics need to be practised whether you are in single profession or multiple profession.
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I have a colleague in London who says that a majority of students are quitting half way through her programs. massive open online course (MOOC's) have been popular with many academic but the jury appears to be out from the students' side of the story. 
What is happening with African students? 
Is there anyone in Africa running MOOC's
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I have enrolled in various courses in research via MOOC's. It is interesting, flexible and self-paced. It stirs up fruitful global academic discussions among colleagues from different parts of the world. Yet, it requires dedication and hard work otherwise one may run at a loss, trial or lag behind in the academic training.
Few lecturers use this mode of teaching and learning in my institution. While assisting one lecturer in assessing the impacts during my Ph.D. studies in my university, there were great feedbacks from the students especially the postgraduate students who had to read taught courses but were saddled with work and family responsibilities.They appreciated the flexibility associated with the MOOC's and the academic forum discussions that aided them in discovering knowledge and the self-paced learning approach.
Thanks
Dickson Adom
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specifically for university students
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I do agree that the major benefit is that learners can work at their own pace. They can take longer time on any module to process and internalize their areas of interest or challenge.
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Looking particularly for K12-based answers. Thank you in advance for your response!
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I am the Blended Learning Champion for my School of Education, giving support to faculty in blending their courses, much of which means using either synchronous or asynchronous sessions in their courses. The attached are some of the challenges and lessons learnt in this role that I hope would be helpful to you.
Best regards,
Debra
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I just completed my dissertation.  I had two dependent/predictor variables that were composite scores.  They were leadership behaviors and adult learning strategies.  The criterion variable was a school's professional learning environment.  Cronbach's Alpha came out great for all three and I had to reject the null.  So, leadership behaviors and adult learning strategies significantly affect the variance of a school's professional learning environment.
My problem is that I wanted to find out the impact/effect size of each of the constructs within the predictor variables of leadership behaviors and adult learning strategies and I am being told it cannot be done because my criterion variable is a composite score. 
1.  Is that correct?
2.  I feel like my data is worthless now.  Is the only thing that I have proven is that the composite score of leadership and the composite score of adult learning strategies predict a variance in the composite score of a school's PLE?
FYI The sample size was 432 completed samples from teachers. 
Thank you.
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Richard - your response brightened my day.  Quite true actually. I appreciate where you are going with this.  I chose not to use standardized achievement scores because I did not want to promote standardized achievement tests.  So, you are spot on the way that I was thinking!  
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Which of these variants is more beneficial to undergraduate students?
The fundamental knowledge facilitates graduates to make their own decisions.
New information makes it easy for graduates to resolve standard issues quickly.
Unfortunately, there is not much time for both variants
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Hi, Daniela,
Personally, I don't see the conflict. Undergraduate education has to be focused on critical thinking and the skills and mindset required for lifelong learning. Content, whether fundamental or cutting edge, is not the point. Learning how to learn and learning how to think are the most important foci in higher education - or at least should be.
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What is the motivation of universities professors if the evaluation of universities for them such as the fairness of the assessment of RG?
Taking into consideration all the efforts of the ( lecturer) professor!
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I don't know what that means.  Research Gate does not have an evaluation system.  In the U.S., university professors have professional associations and standards that their institutions generally use.  But the implementation can vary, along with fairness.  What do you think its the best way to evaluate professors--what qualities would you measure, and how?
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I am a gerontologist and social worker, working as an educator and consultant focused on systems that enhance the lives of older adults.
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Thank you for these great suggestions!  While my experience and graduate studies have provided me education on qualitative methods I know funders look for advanced education in these methods since so many times they are not at a high quality.  Appreciation!! 
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I am in the beginning stages of research determining if a difference of outcomes occurs with Community College of students once an introduction to thinking skills is employed?
The coursework for my doctoral studies is not complete; but am gathering information.
Thank you.
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Hallo Jackie:
I have no reference to suggest, but a recomendation what to look for.  I would today no longer do a project that is placed only on the cognitive level without elements in it which belong to the emotional dimension of actingg and learning.
Good luck, yours Meinert
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I am doing research involving an online undergraduate-level introductory statistics course. The majority of our students are returning adults. It's been a few years since I've done any work in the field of adult education. What are currently the major theories that are being applied?  When I was in graduate school Knowles' andragogical theory seemed to be big, but I'm not sure if that it still the case. 
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good greeting:
Adult education is a type of education characterized by four characteristics:
1 - It is voluntary, organized by the learners of their own choice, it is in most countries of the world is not mandatory, and the experience of many countries to the failure to impose and impose sanctions in adult education.
2. It is an education in which the regularists are not fully discharged; they organize for some time.
3. It is an education organized and funded by various institutions, governmental and non-governmental.
4 - It is an education in which it is organized beyond the age of basic compulsory education, and within the framework of this education, illiteracy education literacy and numeracy.
Adult Education Styles:
Adult education patterns vary according to the following considerations:
1. The level of individuals or groups that serve them. These categories begin with children who have not been accommodated by schools in compulsory education, who have dropped out of primary education after joining them for various reasons, or illiterate persons who have missed educational opportunities. These categories are then expanded to include those who are involved in vocational training programs, and employees in different sectors of employment, in the form of programs for revitalization, renewal or transfer training. This vertical division ends with those who enroll in graduate programs.
2. The needs of the groups it serves may be a literacy and numeracy program, health awareness, agricultural extension, maternity or childhood care, building skills training or nursing skills, and may be a social program intended to raise social awareness To individuals, and motivate them to participate in improving conditions at the workplace, in the family or in society at large.
3 - In accordance with the quality of the institutions and services that provide services; where we find a large number of institutions, adult education is its main task, or part of its core functions, and enters into these institutions: departments of community service in universities, vocational training departments in various ministries (defense, , Agriculture, social affairs, industry), training centers in industrial and commercial enterprises, labor universities, labor culture institutions, trade unions, and popular institutions such as charities and child and mothercare centers.
Objectives and functions:
The objectives of adult education and its functions vary according to the political, historical, economic, cultural, educational and technical conditions that exist in each society and according to the future aspirations of individuals. The society aspires to achieve them in various professions, jobs and trades. This means that there are no agreed goals and functions for adult education. However, a review of modern literature in adult education points to three basic functions that adults must undertake in any location and in any field:
1. Self-criticism, in the sense that adult education goes to those who organize it, to know the strengths and weaknesses in the performance of his role, in the family, in the workplace, and in society.
2. Self-management, in the sense that adult education provides the people with knowledge and skills, the type of relationships with the self and with others, and with the tools and devices that enable them to perform the roles assigned to them in a way that belongs to them and to the group they work with. The benefits they had achieved before the program, and carry out their tasks with self-motivation, based on understanding and trying to improve self.
3. Self-preservation in a social context. In the sense that the great knows his duties and seeks to perform them, and knows his rights and the rights of others, he is keen to meet them by means of legitimate democracy, which helped him to maintain his individual and social self.
Introduction to Adult Education:
With regard to this complex mixture of adult education patterns, it is difficult to talk about specific approaches to adult education, because of the different groups in which they are organized, the different programs directed to them, whatever category of adult education is directed, and the different programs, Any adult education entrance must meet the following requirements:
1. The design of the program, the identification of its contents and the selection of means of delivery shall take into account the impact of mental and social maturity and previous experiences of adults. Therefore, those who transfer knowledge and methods of education in the field of education of young people to the field of adult education make a grave error of adults bored, and push them to drop out of education.
2. The program should establish in its objectives, contents and procedures a documented knowledge of the needs of learners: cognitive, emotional, and social skills, and that the program aims to satisfy adult tendencies, respond to their concerns, strengthen their positive perception of themselves and focus on the strengths of the learners rather than on the manifestations of disability and inadequacy. They have.
3. At the beginning of the program, adults feel that they are achieving immediate and immediate goals. It may be useful in educating the illiterate - for example in the first meetings of the program - to teach them how to write their names. Short and multiple, success in the early stages of the success to greater and deeper in the next stages.
4 - Adopt in the education of adults to exploit their mental and social potential, and their experience in life and work, and this requires that the essence of education on the actual activity of adults in learning, which means that the program is flexible, and not imposed on them, Depending on feedback from adult views and their practice in learning.
Adult Education Methods:
The choice of the way in which adults are taught depends on the goals and contents of education, the cognitive, cultural, social, occupational and psychological levels of adults.
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According to some educators students in schools or universities must be punished to make them achieve better .
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As a routine in my undergraduate language acquisition courses students [every student in class, wrote a question in English that our class would discuss at the end of the class time.  One day I was asked by one of my best students to describe my preferred method of punishment! This was for 19-22 year old undergraduates who seemed to regard punishment by teachers as normal.
My response was to problematize the question without judgement and encourage students to form their own opinions.