Adoption - Science topic

The aim of this study is to publish in a top-quality journal.

How can e-portfolios address practical challenges inportfolio adoption?

What common misconceptions about studying mighthinder the adoption of these strategies?

Artificial intelligence is reshaping business—though not at the blistering pace many assume. True, AI is now guiding decisions on everything from crop harvests to bank loans, and once pie-in-the-sky prospects such as totally automated customer service are on the horizon. The technologies that enable AI, like development platforms and vast processing power and data storage, are advancing rapidly and becoming increasingly affordable. The time seems ripe for companies to capitalize on AI. Indeed, we estimate that AI will add $13 trillion to the global economy over the next decade.

Yet, despite the promise of AI, many organizations’ efforts with it are falling short. We’ve surveyed thousands of executives about how their companies use and organize for AI and advanced analytics, and our data shows that only 8% of firms engage in core practices that support widespread adoption. Most firms have run only ad hoc pilots or are applying AI in just a single business process.

Why the slow prog­ress? At the highest level, it’s a reflection of a failure to rewire the organization. In our surveys and our work with hundreds of clients, we’ve seen that AI initiatives face formidable cultural and organizational barriers. But we’ve also seen that leaders who at the outset take steps to break down those barriers can effectively capture AI’s opportunities.

source: Building the AI-Powered Organization Technology isn’t the biggest challenge. Culture is. by Tim Fountaine, Brian McCarthy and Tamim SalehFrom the Magazine (July–August 2019) https://hbr.org/2019/07/building-the-ai-powered-organization

The increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in the Philippines presents both opportunities and challenges, particularly in rural areas where infrastructure may not be fully equipped to accommodate these changes.

NeuroBridge is a brain-computer interface designed to translate thoughts by sensing brain activity via a headset and converting it into text or speech displayed on a smartphone. It aims to help individuals with speech impairments communicate effectively.

For completion of the assignment, we would like experts to shed light on a few questions:

We would appreciate your insights on the following questions:

Your expertise and guidance will be extremely valuable for us. Thank you.

financial technology adoption intention...

The influence of digitalization and technology adoption on procurement and supply chain management in Africa

By asking about challenges, this question delves into the practical difficulties faced during the adoption of digital automation. This can range from technical issues, such as integration with existing systems, to human factors, like resistance to change among employees. Understanding how these challenges were addressed provides insights into problem-solving skills and adaptability in real-world scenarios.

Problem - There is no framework with the necessary factors to guide SMEs in the automotive manufacturing sector of South Africa to adopt 4IR technologies, hence few adoptions.

Purpose - This study will focus on developing an Industry 4.0 technology adoption framework that will guide SMEs in the automotive manufacturing sector of South Africa.

May you assist with feedback and possible research questions for my area of study.

What is difference between:

1. Drivers and Enablers of say sustainable supply chain (SSC)

2. Barriers and Challenges ?

3. Risk and Challenges ?

I am trying to study Industry 4.0 adoption risks and not able to get above research articles on the topic. I need guidance.

Dear Researchers,

Can you explain AI adoption in ERP Software such as SAP, NetSuite, ERPNext with real world applications? Estimated Cost of AI adaption, ROI and Impact on employment opportunities etc.,

Thank you in advance!

i have to study the awareness and adoption level of cloud computing in a district of India.

i also want to use association among demographic variables like gender, age, education, income etc and adoption level. for this which test should i use ( anova or chi square test)

CAN ANYONE HELP ME WITH THIS?

Digital Banking adoption and usage in Ghana the way forward?

hello, which management theories can be used to address antecedents of digital strategy adoption ?

renewables

We are looking for a highly qualified researcher with expertise in advanced statistical analysis to contribute to a scientific article to be submitted to a prestigious journal by the end of the year (2024). The article will focus on the adoption of digital innovations in agriculture.

Key responsibilities:

- Carry out in-depth statistical analysis using a provided database (the dataset is ready and available in SPSS format).

- Apply advanced statistical techniques, including structural equation modelling and/or random forest models.

- Work closely to interpret the results and contribute to the manuscript.

The aim is to fully analyse the data and prepare it for publication.

If you are passionate about agricultural innovation and have the necessary statistical expertise, we would like to hear from you.

What are the key factors influencing the adoption and implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in sustainable construction projects, and how do these factors impact project performance and outcomes? This question explores the intersection of BIM technology and sustainable construction practices, focusing on the challenges and benefits associated with their integration into the construction industry.

Greetings,

I invite you to participate in a research study aimed at exploring the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on education, focusing specifically on its effects on staff roles, skill requirements, and time management. Your insights are crucial for understanding the broader implications of AI adoption in Education

Research Objective

The objective of this qualitative research is to explore the perceptions and experiences of educational staff regarding the adoption of AI in education. Specifically, it aims to understand how AI technologies influence staff roles, skills development, training needs, and time management, and how these changes affect the overall quality of education.

Privacy Statement

We are committed to protecting your privacy and confidentiality. All information shared during the interview will be anonymized, and any identifiable information will be kept strictly confidential. Participation is voluntary, and you may withdraw at any time without consequence.

Meeting

Please book your slot for an online meeting.

Best Regards,

Tarek ElMourad

policy economics

Hello ResearchGate Community,

I am an accomplished Assistant Professor and Research Associate with a diverse background spanning over 13 years in both industry and academia. Currently completing my PhD in Mathematics, with an anticipated date of July 2024, I am eager to leverage my expertise in technology adoption, statistical and mathematical modeling, and structural equation modeling (SEM) to contribute to cutting-edge research initiatives.

Skills:

Proficient in technology adoption strategies, statistical and mathematical modeling techniques, including Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) and Artificial Neural Networks(ANN). Extensive experience utilizing tools such as SPSS and AMOS to analyze data and derive meaningful insights.

Interests:

Passionate about leveraging mathematics and statistics to drive technological advancement, particularly in the realms of e-learning and online education.

Interested in exploring the dynamics of technology adoption, usage, and acceptance within higher education institutions, with a focus on post-adoption behavior, continuous intention usage, and actual usage patterns.

I am seeking a postdoctoral opportunity where I can collaborate with like-minded researchers to address complex challenges at the intersection of mathematics, statistics, and technology adoption. My goal is to contribute to the development of innovative solutions that enhance the effectiveness of educational technologies and inform strategies for organizational change.

If you are aware of any leads/opportunities or research projects aligned with my expertise and interests, I would welcome the opportunity to connect and explore potential collaborations. Please feel free to reach out to me here on ResearchGate or via email at [rockinshard@gmail.com]

Thank you for your consideration.

Warmly,

Shard

Assistant Professor | Research Associate |

PhD Candidate in Mathematics

Quality Infrastructure ( QI ) has been established across the globe to create a mechanism for independent third party assessment of products, services and processes. It plays a pivotal role at the national level in propagating, adoption and adherence to quality standards in all important spheres of activities including education, healthcare, environment protection, governance, social sectors, infrastructure sector and such other areas of organized activities that have significant bearing in improving the quality of life and wellbeing of the mankind.

What is scope of the implementing LIS classification and cataloguing in different field ?

International agreements and national initiatives, including the Paris Agreement, Kyoto Protocol, and measures like Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) and the adoption of electric vehicles, have collectively fostered efforts to reduce emissions and encourage sustainable practices.Technological advancements, notably the adoption of electric vehicles, show promise in significantly decreasing emissions, with studies indicating a substantial 50-60% reduction compared to traditional gasoline cars.However, despite these advancements, the transition to cleaner practices encounters several challenges. Issues such as the cost of electric vehicles and battery materials, limited charging infrastructure, and continued dependence on fossil fuels in many regions pose significant hurdles.In terms of policy efforts, governments worldwide are taking measures to incentivize cleaner transportation through regulations, subsidies, and taxes. The automotive industry faces both opportunities and challenges, with a growing demand for eco-friendly cars necessitating adaptations in production while also managing associated costs.Global trends reveal mixed results. While there have been minor declines in energy consumption overall fossil fuel consumption is still on the rise, with limited success in expanding alternative energy sources. Air pollution trends also vary globally, with improvements in some regions like North America and Europe, but worsening air quality in others, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.Sales of electric vehicles are on the rise, indicating a positive shift, yet their impact on global oil demand is anticipated to be limited in the near future.

Analyzing the Role of AI Adoption in Healthcare and Its Implications for Patient Outcomes

What model do you recommend for the Acceptance of Hospital Intelligence Management System (HIMS) Technology? (Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Extension of TAM (ETAM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT)) and etc?

give me conceptual literature, foreign studies, local studies, and theoretical framework about Adoption of Online Security Practices among Residents of Iloilo City?

Key Factors that are internal to firm or external to firm 

What challenges do you foresee in the widespread adoption of AI in remote sensing, and how can these challenges be addressed to ensure the technology's successful integration?

Investigating the potential synergies between Agile methodologies and Systems Analysis and Design (SAD) to explore ways in which the iterative and collaborative nature of Agile can optimize the SAD process. Seeking insights on improved adaptability, communication, and overall project outcomes.

In the realm of machine learning, the availability of large and diverse datasets is often crucial for effective model training. However, in certain domains where data is limited or privacy concerns are paramount, exploring the use of synthetic datasets emerges as a compelling alternative.

Question: How can the adoption of synthetic datasets revolutionize machine learning applications in areas with data scarcity and stringent privacy considerations?

"Could you please share your background and experience in the retail industry, particularly in relation to AI technologies? What makes you an expert in this field?"

"How do you see AI technologies enabling value co-creation between retailers and customers in the European Union? Can you provide specific examples?"

"What role do customers play in value co-creation when AI is implemented in retail services?"

"From a resource-based perspective, what are the key resources and capabilities that retailers need to effectively implement and leverage AI technologies?"

"How can retailers in the European Union build competitive advantage through AI-driven resources and capabilities?"

"How have you observed the diffusion of AI innovations within the retail sector in the European Union? What factors have contributed to the adoption or resistance of these technologies?"

"Can you share examples of how retailers have successfully adopted AI innovations to enhance their operations and customer experience?"

"Can you discuss the current developments in AI technology that are particularly relevant to the retail sector in the European Union?"

"How have these developments impacted the operational efficiency and customer personalization in retail?"

"What are some innovative applications of AI in the retail sector, and how do they contribute to cost-effectiveness and value creation?"

"Can you provide examples of AI-driven services that have significantly improved customer engagement and loyalty in the European Union?"

"What are the main barriers to AI adoption in the retail industry in the European Union, and how can they be addressed?"

"Can you discuss any enablers that facilitate the successful implementation of AI in retail?"

"How do retailers address data privacy and ethical considerations when implementing AI technologies? Can you provide examples of best practices in this area within the European Union?"

"What are the implications of AI integration within retail management practices in the European Union? How does AI shape the future of retail business models?"

"What advice would you give to retailers looking to leverage AI for cost-effectiveness and value creation?"

"Is there anything else you would like to share or think is important for my research on the impact of AI on cost-effectiveness and value creation in the European Union's retail industry?"

I am searching the integrated Industry 4.0 and Circular Supply Chain adoption Risk but unable to get articles in Scopus or Google scholar.

Articles are related to either barriers or challenges of the above.

OR purely risk of Circular Supply Chain adoption (without Industry 4.0)

Can any one suggest how to proceed.

I am exploring the risks of industry 4.0 technology adoption in supply chain.

Are challenges and risks different or same?

Can Barriers also be taken as risks ?

Looking for clarification to proceed in my above project.

Doing research on Adoption of Employee-AI Collaboration for delivering Customized HRM Practices but not getting measurement scale for Adoption of Employee-AI Collaboration

Considering to do research on the adoption of Employee-AI Collaboration in perspective to achieve personalized Human resource management services for attaining organizational sustainability. Kindly give me your expert opinion in this regard.

Dear Colleagues,

Title of Research Project: Exploring Reflective Learning Strategies in Big Data Analytics Education and Practice: A Cross-sectional Study on Adoption, Effectiveness, and Influencing Factors

I will appreciate your participation in this research study, which has been reviewed and approved by The Salomons Ethics Panel, Salomons Centre for Applied Psychology, Canterbury Christ Church University, UK. This questionnaire will take about 10-12 minutes to complete.

Here is the link to the questionnaire including the informed consent and participant information sheet: https://forms.gle/kFycqu7KXqKkzV8F9

Thanks, Rossi A. Hassad, PhD, MPH, CStat, PStat

Canterbury Christ Church University, UK

Greetings,

I'm looking for qualitative research papers that have effectively applied the UTAUT framework in the context of technology adoption. While the UTAUT framework is frequently associated with quantitative studies, I'm specifically interested in papers that have integrated the UTAUT framework within qualitative methodologies, such as through the use of semi-structured interviews. If possible, it would be preferable for the recommended papers to include the interview guide or an excerpt from it. If you have any insights on the use of UTAUT in qualitative research, especially within interview contexts, I would greatly appreciate your input.

Your assistance in identifying such references is highly appreciated.

Thank you.

What are the differentiating factors between PyTorch and TensorFlow, two major Python libraries for Machine Learning, in terms of flexibility, ease of use, and industry adoption?

How does the adoption of video-based distance learning along side multimedia tools such as TedTalk, Quiz platformss, Youtube (just to name a few) enhances learner-content interaction?

Investigating the barriers to the adoption of energy-efficient practices in small and medium-sized enterprises in the corporate sector and evaluating the impact of financial incentives and green financing on the adoption of energy-efficient practices in the corporate sector in the UK.

Dear All, I am trying to employ the CMP model to estimate recommended fertilizer dosage adoption's impact on ROI. The dataset contains seven years of balanced panel data. The endogenous variable is the Adoption decision (AdoptNot), and the instrumental variables for 'AdoptNot' are ‘FarmExp’ and ‘logOffFarmEarnTk.’ Following Dr. David Roodman's work, I have tried to construct the model as:    cmp (ROI = AdoptNot# IrriMachineOwn Seekinfofertilizer ACode EduC HHnumberCat HHLabor FarmExp LandSizeDec LandTypeC Landownership  SoilWaterRetain  CowdungAvailability  SoilFertility CreditAvail  BRRIKnowledge logOffFarmEarnTk year2015_d year2016_d year2017_d year2018_d year2019_d year2020_d year2021_d) ( AdoptNot =IrriMachineOwn Seekinfofertilizer ACode EduC HHnumberCat HHLabor FarmExp LandSizeDec LandTypeC Landownership  SoilWaterRetain  CowdungAvailability  SoilFertility EnviAwareness CreditAvail  BRRIKnowledge year2015_d year2016_d year2017_d year2018_d year2019_d year2020_d year2021_d logOffFarmEarnTk FarmExp), indicators ($cmp_cont $cmp_probit) But I am confused about the correct way of constructing this model. For instance, do I need to add the ROI variable in the second model too, and what is the correct order of placing instrumental variable/variables in the model?  Thank you very much in advance, and I look forward to hearing from you soon. Kind regards, Faruque

The first 5G radio networks are now live. This generation of telecommunication system aims to deliver

The purpose is to be faster, more reliable and manage the scale of devices predicted for the Mobile Internet of Things (MIoT). Enabling the digital transformation of our society, business processes and manufacturing. To enable this, 5G will deliver multi-network slicing, multi-level of services and multi-connectivity network capabilities. To allow the required flexibility, agility and economies of scale these technologies will be delivered via virtual and containerised environments. This is a revolutionary way of working for the industry. 5G has designed in security controls to address many of the threats faced in today’s 4G/3G/2G networks. These controls include new mutual authentication capabilities, enhanced subscriber identity protection, and additional security mechanisms. 5G offers the mobile industry an unprecedented opportunity to uplift network and service security levels. 5G provides preventative measures to limit the impact to known threats, but the adoption of new network technologies introduces potential new threats for the industry to manage.

source: https://www.gsma.com/security/securing-the-5g-era/

Increased Phosphorus Availability: Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria have the ability to convert insoluble phosphorus compounds in the soil into soluble forms that can be readily absorbed by plants. This increases the availability of phosphorus, an essential nutrient for plant growth, leading to improved crop productivity.

Reduced Reliance on Chemical Fertilizers: By harnessing the potential of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, farmers in Bangladesh can reduce their dependence on chemical fertilizers, which can be costly and have negative environmental impacts. This approach offers a more sustainable and eco-friendlier alternative for nutrient management.

Enhanced Soil Health: Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria contribute to the improvement of soil health by releasing organic acids and enzymes that break down complex phosphorus compounds. This process not only promotes nutrient availability but also enhances soil structure, nutrient retention, and overall soil fertility.

Adaptability to Local Conditions: Bangladesh has diverse soil types and agro-climatic conditions. The use of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria can be tailored to specific regions, allowing for customization based on soil characteristics and crop requirements. This adaptability makes it a suitable solution for a wide range of farming systems in the country.

Limited Strain Selection: The effectiveness of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria is dependent on the selection of appropriate strains that are well-suited to local soil conditions. Identifying and isolating efficient strains may require significant research and testing, which can be time-consuming and resource-intensive.

Compatibility with Other Inputs: The integration of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria with other agricultural inputs, such as chemical fertilizers or pesticides, needs careful consideration. Some chemical treatments may adversely affect the survival or activity of the bacteria, requiring farmers to adapt their farming practices accordingly.

Variable Performance: The efficacy of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria can vary depending on environmental factors, such as soil pH, temperature, and moisture levels. Additionally, the impact on crop productivity may differ across different crop types and farming systems. Farmers need to carefully monitor and evaluate the performance of these bacteria in their specific contexts.

Adoption Challenges: Introducing new agricultural practices and technologies often faces challenges related to farmer awareness, acceptance, and adoption. Educating farmers about the benefits and proper application of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria may require targeted extension services, training programs, and awareness campaigns to ensure widespread adoption and maximize the potential impact.

Block chain

Discuss the economic and environmental implications of utilizing sewage water in agriculture, including the potential benefits and costs associated with its use, as well as the social and cultural factors that may influence its acceptance and adoption.

Additionally, how can we ensure that students and teachers are comfortable with and accepting of artificial intelligence in the classroom?

some papers always start with" there is a range of evidence illustrating that the adoption remains limited.....", but never show data on this statement.

Something related to customer adoption

In KPMG’s newly released metaverse investor perspectives survey, over 90% of investors surveyed indicated the metaverse will be the next phase of the internet, with 75% of those surveyed also revealing plans to maintain or increase their long-term metaverse investments.

While one may view the metaverse as it exists today through the lens of a teenager playing video games, the metaverse that investors have their long-term sights set on will go well beyond gaming, with use cases and applications that will span across various demographics. To make that vision a reality, investors are focused on several factors.

The workplace prior to the COVID-19 pandemic versus now has already changed drastically. With remote and hybrid work now commonplace, employers have shifted their attention toward reducing isolation and creating connection among their employees. Investors see an opportunity for metaverse platforms to provide real solutions to this, with nearly half (47%) citing its potential to enhance the way employees interact as its biggest business opportunity. Broad workplace adoption hinges on the same factors the metaverse becoming the next phase of the internet hinges on – two of them being interoperability and DEI.

I am exploring alternatives for supporting the HACCP adoption, with Business Process Management Sistems (BPMS), in order to provide an alternative tool respect ERP, or specific purpose software

What are the key contributions, meteorology used, limitations, gaps which the article attempted to close and how the current study can be improved?

Artificial intelligence and machine learning are increasingly being applied to medical imaging, with the goal of improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. However, the adoption and use of these tools in practice can be influenced by clinicians' perceptions and attitudes toward them.

Therefore, we have three questions to cover these concerns:

1. Do you have any experience with artificial intelligence and machine learning in medical imaging?

2. How have your perceptions and attitudes towards these technologies affected your adoption and use of them in practice?

3. What factors do you think contribute to positive or negative perceptions and attitudes toward these technologies?

We invite researchers and practitioners with experience in this area to share their insights and experiences and to discuss the ways in which clinicians' perceptions and attitudes towards artificial intelligence and machine learning in medical imaging may influence their adoption and use of these tools.

Two academic session i.e 2019-20 and 2020-21 were the worst years for students as social setting for learning and physical interactions with peers was missing. Though most of the academic institutions were quick to adopt online learning model but the learner was isolated from his peers. Some platforms were developed which provided online interaction but the impact of these were limited as isolation kept learners in subdued form.

However, after Covid many institutions are finding Hybrid model of teaching learning more effective as this provides ample opportunity for adoption of various modes assessments and testing as well as students can interact with instructor individually as sometimes learner is hesitant in normal setting.

How my colleagues in academic institutions are thinking about this hybrid model evolution?

Recently the concept of opposed piston engines has made the news, claiming an efficiency increse from 25% (conventional) to 45%. Production costs for opposed piston engines are rumored to be the same as conventional models, in contrast to the subsidies electric vehicles receive. Although the new design still has emissions, the levels will be much less and fuel efficiency increased - for the same production cost.

Education, trialability, and observability are three factors that are supposed to have a positive relationship with the adoption of climate-smart technologies. Farmers with a higher level of education, as well as the option to trial the technology and observe the results, are likely to be more inspired to adopt and practice the technique. Is there any evidence that it can be negative?

Thank you so much in advance.

Hey, i often get this question- what is the difference between adoption and scaling? And isn't scaling just large adoption?

What would be your response?

If to study the adoption factors of agricultural technology, do you need to use, say, a Logit model to analyze it, and then compare the economic benefits of adopting the technology? Is there a better way to do this?

''Managing the benefits and barriers to the adoption of offsite construction in the UK construction industry''.

I have selected the above topic for my Master's dissertation but my supervisor told me that ''a lot of research has been done on the benefits and barriers. Your research need to bring something new to this field of knowledge and it need to be far more focused''.

Can anyone please recommend me dissertation title and aim of research please

Kind Regards

Irshad Ali

MSc Construction Project Management (University of South Wales).

email: 30046949@students.southwales.ac.uk

Could both "adaptation" and "adoption" considered as research contributions? Or only "adaptation" is regarded as a contribution? Example if I lift an algorithm from area A that is solving a problem to area B to tackle same problem, would that be regarded as a contribution to knowledge? May be no any touching is required to the algorithm, therefore I am not "adapting" it to fit in Area B. I am using it as a whole without any change made to it.

o What is the existing status of adoption of national procurement guidelines in public health sector.

o What are the institutional and general factors that affect in adoption of sustainable green procurement for public health sector.

Hi all,

My study aims to use a logit (logistic) model to identify the relationship/ impact of trust & perceived risk on the adoption of a new technology of users.

I would like to seek for advices for the following questions:

- The questions should come in the form of Yes/ No question?

- If then, how should I measure the variables indirectly?

Thank your all for your help :)

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1tpcOFKrhVORKMy5VvRsAKWhgGBHt1-4GcXTYKZ-nCLQ/edit

Research instrument on adoption of online platforms for teaching and learning in the higher institutions.

Thank for anticipated response.

"Empirical Analysis of the impact of New Technology adoption on the productivity of Cassava Flake in Nigeria: Case study, Cross River State Agricultural Zones"

I'm doing research on the factors that affect future AI (Artificial Intelligence) adoption at the organizational level. We're studying the factors that might encourage or discourage AI adoption in organizations in the future since the technology has still not been adopted in the studied context. However, while TAM and TOE models seemed promising for the study, hesitation still prevails when it comes to integrating DOI theory (Diffusion of Innovation).

I came across a statement that DOI is mainly used in the attempt to understand the diffusion and the institutionalization of the innovation, rather than in the attempt to understand its potential adoption. Therefore, it is more suitable in a context where the innovation has already been adopted. But aren't innovators and early adopters part of DOI? Confusion prevails. If you could share with me your thoughts on this, I would be grateful. Thank you!

There is already IAM(Information adoption model), but it is not suitable enough in the context of dialogue. So, I wonder if there is a theory or model to describe information adoption in a dialogue.

Thank you!

I am trying to associate offshoring drivers including access to low cost, access to market, and access to knowledge and scarce resources with sustainability implementation in the offshore iniatives. There is dearth of literature which talks in terms of priority for the above offshoring drivers and their influence on the adoption/implementation of sustainability practices in the offshoring initatives. Would you please mind suggeting me some literature or clue how to build argument which could explain the above relationships. Thanks

Due to the pandemic, many educational institutions shifted from face-to-face teaching and learning to completely online. So, a quick adaptation or adoption of online teaching and learning leads us to several questions "How much is online learning effective vis-a-vis face-to-face learning?" and "What are the major barriers/limitations of online learning?