Accounting Processes - Science topic

Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,

I have been conducting research in this area for years. Among other things, the following conclusions have emerged from my research:

I have been conducting research in this issue. Based on the results of my research, I conclude that for years management processes in organisations have been supported by computerised systems that improve and optimise their operations. These systems, based on ICT and Industry 4.0/5.0 technologies, including Big Data and Data Science, enable the processing of huge amounts of data, which translates into better business decisions. Business Intelligence systems, enhanced by these technologies, allow companies to monitor key indicators and predict market trends. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has become another breakthrough in the development of these systems. AI, with its ability to learn and adapt, automates processes, personalises services and optimises operations. A variety of AI tools, such as chatbots and virtual robots, support employees, and AI applications, installed in internal systems, ensure data security. The growing importance of AI in management is undeniable, as it allows companies to compete more effectively in the market, better understand their customers and optimise costs. As a result, AI applications in management systems can be expected to continue to grow rapidly, bringing even greater benefits to companies and institutions.

I have described the issue much more extensively in the following articles:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

I would like to invite you to scientific cooperation,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Prepare adequately.

Speak boldly.

Speak audibly.

Believe in yourself

Hello,

In my practice, I've notice the usage of standard tools for process description enhances discussion and knowledge sharing more easily than other approaches.

A few explanations could be the acceptance of the authority of an approved standard, the lower barrier of entrance with free tools and training, the availability of a certification path for professionals.

Mind you, BPMN alone is not enough to describe the business practice: decision modeling with DMN and CMMN, system analysis with COBIT, data models and API using UML, performance indicators, and many others, are a few of the concepts I use in my 'knowledge toolkit'.

Dear Madhukar Baburao Deshmukh,

Yes of course. Thanks for the answer.

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Agumas Alamirew Mebratu,

Thank you for your reply, ie for your views on the main determinants of accounting development and financial reporting influencing the country's accounting development.

Thank you, Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The technological development that the world is witnessing has an impact on the accounting and auditing profession, and one of the most important systems is the ERP system for what it possesses as a model for planning, control, and optimal and comprehensive use of human, technical and material resources and harnessing the latest technologies and information systems to accomplish business and services. In addition to the planning advantages achieved by allowing the facility to reduce costs, increase production, avoid inventory shortages, improve delivery performance, and increase flexibility in preparing what the customer needs

From my point of view, as a result of the tremendous development in information technology and its reflection on the profession of accounting and auditing and the emergence of big data, this calls to the initiative of associations and accounting bodies to reconsider or add some things that must keep pace with the development taking place in information technology.

In the complexity thinking the main goal is to take consciousness about everything that surrounds the object of research, in this case an architectural project. Therefore, as has been said in the past answers, it is kind of a speciality in modern architecture, but I would recommend you to look into the history and theory of architecture because all the mayor parts of those designs have two main goals: 1) respond to the characteristics of the site (weather, soil, topography, etc.) and 2) be a symbolic reference for the people who live arround. Nevertheless, at the 19th century the mechanical and dynimic development grave to the world the technic and technological progress we all know for the construction of contemporary architecture, but the sensibility of careing about the enviroment as part of the design was getting lost in the way until the 70's when it was taken back, but it was seen more as an obstacle. Now, this days are more aware of it, but in some cases sustainability it's presented more like a shopping list of machines and certain materials, when it is more simple as that, is common sence, is being aware of where are standeing you and the proyect, it's a dialog instead of a lecture. I hope my answer could be helpful, but in case I recommend you to look for the books: Architecture for poor of Hassan Fathy, Thinking architecture of Peter Zumthor and Verb boogazine of Nature. Keep asking yourself and others, is always a great surprise to see this kind of questions, congratulations.

Greetings.

There is no direct answer as to whether or how high  CG impact accruals management (AM) or real activities management (RAM) because they happen under different circumstances.

It is argued that managers will use discretionary accruals to shift revenues between accounting periods or in deferring expenditures and academics can break these into two components of discretionary and non-discretionary accruals. Shortcomings of AM - previous studies have found that they have a low earnings management detection power, the methods fail to consider other factors that influence earnings management such as firm size and growth rate and the use of accrual based models to detect earnings management has been further complicated by the adoption of fair value accounting approach to financial reporting

For RAM, Graham et al. (2005) and Roychowdhury (2006) indicate that manipulation can assume many forms, including under-investment in research and development (R&D), advertising, and employee training, all for the purpose of meeting short-term goals. Abnormal gains on sale of assets to avoid negative earnings or negative earnings surprises also fall under real earnings activities. Preference for real activities arise from the ease with which the manipulation can bed one given that accrual approach are based on applying generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) or IFRS. Failure to comply with GAAP can attract severe consequences. In other words, detection of real activities can be challenging for investors. Real activities management is therefore more plausible for earnings management but Hassan et al. (2014) argue that managers are likely to resort to the manipulation of real activities only when there is limited scope left for accrual manipulation.I have seen very few studies apply RAM.

And finaly, the impact on CG depends on the accuracy of your CG measurements. Nerantzidis (2015) talks of impact of weighting on CG. So once you get the three right, we can talk of how CG impacts EM and the extent.

Some great resources:

1.Hassan, S., Rahman, R. and Hossain, S. (2014). “Corporate Accruals Practices Of Listed Companies In Bangladesh”. European Journal Of Economics And Management Vol 1: 1

2. Kothari, S., Leone, A. and Wasley, C. (2005). “Performance matched discretionary accrual Measures”. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 39(1), 163-197.

3.Kothari, S., Mizik, N. and Roychowdhury, S. (2012). “Managing for the Moment:

The Role of Real Activity versus Accruals Earnings Management in SEO Valuation”.

4.Nerantzidis, M. and Tsalavoutas, I. 2015). “Does weighting really matter? The “blind spot” of corporate governance ratings”. Working Paper DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.4801.5441

Avaialble at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/288835058

Kind Regards

Erick Outa