Abnormal Psychology - Science topic

There are several academic sources that delve into how major theories have interpreted psychological disorders from a diagnostic perspective:

1. Theories of Psychopathology: Introduction to a Special Section-This article discusses the state of theory in the field of psychopathology and emphasizes the need for novel, falsifiable theories to replace the often unchallenged biopsychosocial model.

2. What is a Mental Disorder? A Perspective from Cognitive-Affective Science- This paper explores the conceptual questions surrounding the definition of mental disorders, particularly in the context of psychiatric nosology and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).

These sources should provide a comprehensive look at how different theories have approached the diagnosis and understanding of psychological disorders.

This question touches on the paradox of human consciousness I believe—our ability to create and empathise, yet also to destroy.

It prompts us to reflect: What values drive our actions? Could distorted values like power or fear overshadow empathy, allowing us to rationalize atrocities?

Survival instincts may play a role. Unlike animals, humans abstract these instincts, fighting for ideologies or identity rather than immediate needs. Without external threats, do we turn this aggression inward? How can we redirect these instincts toward creativity and connection?

You suggest a universal principle—needing external threats to unify us. Without them, do divisions grow unchecked? History shows humanity uniting against common challenges, but what if we chose collective goals that transcend conflict? What shared purpose could guide us toward unity?

Unlike animals, whose violence is bounded by survival, humans scale destruction through dehumanization. We see this everywhere especially with social media... This invites us to reflect: When have you consciously seen another’s humanity, even when it was hard?

The key may not lie in solving this paradox but in embracing it with awareness. Recognizing both our capacity for light and darkness, how can we nurture compassion in ourselves and our systems? What role does consciousness play in transcending our destructive instincts? I think reflecting on this gives us some direction.

Done Minaal Ali Khan Wishing you success !

Rooney Pinto In a sequential exploratory design (qual --> QUAN), the analyses are not conducted on the same source of data. Instead, a smaller preliminary set of qualitative data (e.g., several focus groups) is collected to guide the larger quantitative project (e.g., the construction of a survey research questionnaire).

Since the purposes for the qualitative method are different from most full-scale qualitative studies, the methods should be chosen to meet the goals of this specific project. For example, because you will not be generating a theory, there is not reason to pursue Grounded Theory. The most common use for the preliminary qualitative methods is to generate a set of themes that can be converted into survey items, but this does not require the full complexity of Braun and Clarke's (2022) most recent version of Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Instead, the goal of RTA its to generate a deep understanding of a set of research questions.

Your average human is theory-lite when it comes to making decisions of the "free" variety, generally speaking (Haynes 2022). This extends to most aspects of our dealings, including finances. The most extreme form it is people who engage in zero-sum thinking (zero-sum bias).

As an ex-federally licensed banker I can tell you that prior the Dodd-Franklin Act that regulated the housing market, people applied for loans that required no income, no verification, no job, no assets, nothing, and got approved.

The equivalent of this would similar concept of Hanna Arendt's notion of the Banality of Evil, the Banality of Spending. For most it doesn't even register, so disincentives are needed to shape up behavior. But the issue is multi-faceted, for sure.

Good and interesting answer Dear Dr. @Francisco Javier Gala!

Would you please send me a copy of the book.

Thank you so much.

Zied

President@ Clinton defunded Psyops because he was worried about people in the government knowing his personal affairs. We did a little more good for society than pink padded cells. For me Remote Viewing was like a crap shoot, I had some bad days. But a couple of the guys had their gifts so developed that they had become pretty accurate. I guess only a Meteorologist can make a living only being right 50 % of the time.

Dear Stanley,

I think people can sometimes surprise us. Anyone who has taught for a couple or few decades tends to adopt the audience model of "least mental effort wanted" but remember that all that is accessible in print and online major newspapers actively promotes this model. Some experimental columns in our local newspaper bring in a more in-depth approach did rather well.

Yes, it does as it boosts understanding concepts from diverse perspectives.

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If you are actually looking for percentages then I would take the 7 and dived it in to 100 and get about 14.28. This would me that every answer is about 14% on a scale of 1-7 (which I am assuming that you are using). I would then assign each number a percentage range and then find the average(median):

1: 0%-14% (7%)

2: 14.1%-28% (21%)

3: 28.1%-42% (35%)

4: 42.1%-56% (49%)

5: 56.1%-70% (63%)

6: 70.1%-84% (77%)

7:84.1%-100% (92%)

I hope this answer helps. It sounds difficult but after practice it becomes really easy.

v/r

Ken

Online is good for now due to the pandemic but it has several challenges especially in developing countries were access to online services is limited. The long term pandemic driven home schooling will greatly affect physical, psychological and developmental aspects of many children.

Because it depends on several causes:

-The type and intensity of such Depression

-The one that, in addition, there is also an Anxiety Chart (Mixed Depressive / Anxious Disorder)

-Whoever is male or female

-The type of Antidepressant used: An MAOI is not the same as a Tricyclic type, an SSRI or a Selective Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitor or Epinephrine (SSNRI)

-The one who receives a Combined Treatment with, in addition to Antidepressants, Psychotherapy, eminently Cognitive Behavioral.

Sorry i don't have

I am sorry

Best regards

Es absolutamente imposible pensar que no se presente sensibilidad. En cada uno de los involucrados hay presencia de sentimientos, sensibilidades, actitudes y creencias que moldean su comportamiento. Lo indicado es establecer las características que se evidencian en cada uno de los involucrados en términos de: compromiso, cultura, tipo de relación, grado de amistad, etc.

I may like to such people selfless, as they put the task or work to be done as primary subject as compared to the other factors. The selfless way of living the life is full of energy and has unprecedented happiness.

Omkar Singh Kushwaha , I believe even young researchers should have an affiliation; they should follow a certain institution or company, otherwise, how are they supposed to get ethical approval and fund for their research, if that is solved, then there should be no problem in working from home, if this can be done.

Dear Sir, Henrik G.S. Arvidsson Before anyone reaches a point where He/She has absurd thoughts of killing their spouses is the time when He/She should draw a line between normal or pathological ambivalence.

Dear Dr.Samah Zahran,

Please, add money to your greatest assessment for personality perspective..

There is a paper written by Brooks & co-authors (2020) with a review and analysis of 24 researches on psychological effects of quarantines. It was a very helpful study for me and for my research.

Case studies usually deal with a specific setting or organization, hence the topic that you have selected is too broad to meet this definition.

It is clear that the rise in selfie popularity is linked to the boom in social media and mobile technology. Most smartphones have front-facing cameras that make the selfie shooting process easy and enjoyable. A man taking selfie shots carries a message both to himself and to others about the fact that he lives a rich, good social life; rarely when selfies are made at times of trouble. In other words, it is a public relations affair on social networks. In my opinion, the popularity of this type of photo will soon pass. It's just a trend.

yes I certainly believe that one can be "hypochondriacal" ( to use the older term) with regard to one's mental health. Most of us have seen this...

Try this if your controls show higher values than cases:

RocIN <- roc(base$labeldi, base$IN, levels = c(0, 1), direction = ">").

Change the ">" symbol to "<" if the contrary.

Then:

coords(RocIN)

Best wishes

How?

Normality is something we define, we chose, an agreement of the society we live in. ("eating spiders" here vs in the rainforest). The most behavior is like the most normality differing from the true "relaxation", the "true normality" - the state no force is activated, nothing is "needed", the state of natural changes - this state is called love (or beeing in harmony with the absolute).

The most "behavior" deviates from "beeing normal" but we (our current social system, the most religions etc) define this deviation from love as normal. Therefore so many dys-harmonic (diabolic from greec dia: apart and balein: to throw) "normalities" like pollution, patriachal structures (in a separating sence), mass-farming, war, hunger and many other love disconnected behaviors are possible. Because WE define them as "normal".

An objection is that memes are very different from genes. And so they are. They suffer from much greater mutation rates, and they are not locked into a system as rigidly prescribed as DNA replication . Memes are best thought about not by analogy with genes but as new replicators, with their own ways of surviving . Memes can be copied all over the place, from speech to paper to book to computer, and to another person.

Dear سالم عبدالله أبو مخدة thank you for sharing your thoughts.

Dear Jamism,

"Why do people fail to value people?"-- You ask. As a psychologist, I think that people fail to value people because of many reasons. Some reasons may have to do with people's biological inheritance. Psychopaths, for example, are not able, say, to put on another's shoes and, hence, they are deprived of any empathic concerns for others' well being. Other reasons are situational. If people are born and grow up in a competitive, instead a cooperative, atmosphere and environment it is likely that they fail to value people. Other reasons have to do with people's moral development. The less morally developed people are, the more they are likely to fail to value people. The American psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, for example, found that people located at his Stage 1 or Stage 2 of moral reasoning are dominated by egocentric interests and desires and, because of this, think, feel and act without taking into account others' needs, interests and concerns.

Around myself, I perceive that a lot of people are, say, dominated by the gospel of money and greed, not the gospel of love, compassion and empathy. When this is the case we have a lot of people that fail to value other people.

Kind regards,

Orlando

2018 free paper:

Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2018; 9: 199–210.

Borderline personality disorder in adolescents: prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment strategies

Jean Marc Guilé,1,2,3 Laure Boissel,1,2 Stéphanie Alaux-Cantin,1,2 and Sébastien Garny de La Rivière1

My Proposal date of submission 17th March so I need to confirm opportunity to access and discuss in interview mode before that date.

This will form my major research project for a required component.

Again Thank you.

Gary Darbyshire MMgmt MStratMktng Grad Dip Cou.

You would find its to do with agitation in cognitive disorders and those with dementia. Or related to coprolalia. This article provides an interesting insight:

Plus, I find for it to be classed as a genuine mental disorder there would have to be classification and information upon the current 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Giovanni Portuesi & Duane A Lundervold great! Definitely good articles are needed! Will be happy to provide more details if needed!

"Rêve et chamanisme", ed Accarias l'Originel, Paris, 1998.

Students in a first-year psychology course at my university also have to present an article amongst a list of set articles. Here is one that I found that on that list that is open access:

Harms, V., Reese, M., & Elias, L. J. (2014). Lateral bias in theatre-seat choice. Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition, 19(1), 1-11.

What a fabulous question Gary. Sorry I don't know the answer.

You means Man in general not a special person. I never insult a person I answer. Why would I. It has to do with the English language.

Association is concept its used when relationship between two random variables makes this variables statistically dependent. for example smoker and lung cancer so its refer to general relationship between two random variables while the correlation refers to a more or less a linear relationship between the random variables

There are different kinds of coping:

The short answer to your question is there is no method or way to get around the test Publishers requirements it's important to understand that a test instrument protocol is simply a one-piece or a one data point and in no way captures the essence of a person persons book intellectual functioning or personality function or their characterological traits quite honestly and most of the tools out there anybody could essentially administer them with that with some practice however the misconception is that administering them properly entails having clinical experience not whether to coat it a two-point response or one point response their subtle nuances to that go along with any sort of psychometric tests that only it only a skilled clinician who's been doing it for quite some time is a tuned to more important test Publishers a very stringent criteria as to who can even look at a protocol meaning that if you're not considered qualified there really should be no reason why you should have or anyone should have that protocol in their possession the norming process for any sort of psychometric test is quite expensive time-consuming and the release of raw data which is considered the protocol is considered raw data can compromise the entire test and as a as a result costly test Publishing Company a great deal of money in addition to the test Publishers requirements psychology is also have ethical obligations to even if they are a psychologist if they're practicing outside the bounds of expertise one would hope that they would not use that particular instrument and finally hypothetically if someone is able to administer interpret particular publish test simply because a test is published by no means means that the reliability and validity data satisfies standard practice there is a very big misconception among less experienced practitioners that simply because a Publishing Company publishes a test and charges money for it and people buy it that it is automatically considered reliable and valid and can be used with anybody more experience clinicians would would understand that you need to look at the sample size the the makeup of the sample socio-economics part of the country the sample is drawn from and also the clinical or clinical samples mean individuals who have psychiatric psychological or neurologic to take the test I do hope I am responding to your question and with the some good information but another option would be to hook up with an experienced clinician and get supervised training with that person but again that would this that would depend a lot on state your practice State you're in and their legal requirements and again the test publisher so please don't take my information as anything but advice are not an attorney I don't work for Ted publisher but I can tell you that test Publishers have copyright as well as intellectual property rights to those two tests and one becomes exposed legally should they use it and not be qualified as you refer to it thanks

There is definitely a strong relationship between different types of human humor and psychological coping. What I found interesting is that a top publication on Jewish humor and jokes, did not contain a single joke from Israel. Humor has a lot do with distancing your-self psychologically from a specific situation; you are in it, but try to see it from the outside. This distancing attitude definitely helps you to not be an emotional victim of certain circumstances. The feeling of depression, of not being eventually able to getting through a given situation, will surely be stronger, if you have no sense or tradition of humor and jokes. I would even say: good humor and a good joke can save lives; it is like medicine, but depends on the right dose.

There have been research on psychiatrist behaviors (prescribing habits, likelihood of addressing primary care needs of psych patients if they don't have a primary care physicians etc). If you are talking about functional imaging or something equally intensive i would imagine it would be difficult to recruit due to relatively small sample size and how much physician time is worth. When i get offers to do surveys on medscape they typically reimburse around $100 per hour for a simple survey. But i'm sure with sufficient funding studying physicians wouldn't be all that difficult.

I suggest you use the Hopkins Symptom Checklist 10 (HSCL-10). It measures both anxiety and depression symptoms.

To Beatrice: Checking whether the frontdoor has really been closed is a trivial job with an easy to check result: yet a part of the OC patients cannot become convinced. Looking whether you have extinguished the light is as simple job: yet a part of the OC patients have to return to the room time and again to see whether they really did. In due time they may not even be able to convince themselves when they are still in the room, which is already dark. Etc.

Hi, I would like to share a Brazilian paper that discusses this subject: "A soberania da clínica: além do diagnóstico em psiquiatria e psicanálise" [The sovereignty of the clinic: beyond the diagnosis in psychiatry and psychoanalysis].  http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-71282015000200008

Some research from my area of interest (gynecologic psychosomatics): Anderson G. The role of melatonin in post-partum psychosis and depression associated with bipolar disorder. J Perinat Med. 2010 Nov;38(6):585-7. doi: 10.1515/JPM.2010.085 and from the area of general psychiatry: van Beveren NJ, Schwarz E, Noll R, Guest PC, Meijer C, de Haan L, Bahn S. Evidence for disturbed insulin and growth hormone signaling as potential risk factors in the development of schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry. 2014 Aug

26;4:e430. doi: 10.1038/tp.2014.52. FULL TEXT)

@Saad Alaraji

Is it clinically accepted that somatic mutation profile can be used to detect breast cancer?

Can you provide some clinical reports regarding that?

I think the behaviour that mimics symptoms of Autism may just be the challenges canines face when they cannot hear human or conspecific vocalisation's. We co-evolved and being unable to respond to auditory communication in various scenario's could lead them to avoid others. Situational Depression, poor sleep, appetite changes and apathy may be mental responses and behavioural signs

I don't feel Autism would be a symptom of sensory loss. The disorder would likely be observed throughout the individuals life.

Thank you for your response and apologies for the delayed reply. I will continue to look into the mental health issue within canines also.

Najib,  What you are looking at is very true and factual. I grew up in Papua New Guinea during the 70's and due to the geological structure of the environment I experienced and lived through many very large earthquakes. Some of my greatest memories are of the eerie calm and mass exodus to "high ground" of the animals. The dogs would quiet as would the birds and other jungle animals and thats when you knew it was time to follow them. Walking outside to see the sky full of birds and animals of all sorts in the open areas and on the roads moving uphill was incredible. The local natives did the same in fear of the potential tsunami that could follow. When the birds and animals left to move back down, the local people followed. Their natural instinct for safety and safe environments was listened to and followed by everyone.

schizophrenia is not a diagnosis- it is a label for a cluster of symptoms- accepted

treatment agents are accepted because they ease some observed symptoms

of pathological behavior and self reports of distorted thinking and behavior as

listed in DSM - so far as I know, there is not the slightest evidence for correcting

brain defects with a chemical agent -  suggest you look into  neuroscience

studies of neuroplasticity - Schwartz's team at UCLA demonstrated how 

psychotherapy learning experiences bring durable corrections in brain defects,

assessed with (f)MRI- BOOK TITLE the mind and the brain- also references in my book psychotherapy-biology of psychotherapy

congratulations on keeping yourself grounded  

Thank you

 Dear Natalya Darvina,

Ms. Dorothea von Haebler is the expert at our university concerning research and treatment of schizophrenia. Maybe get in touch with her. Kind regards, Thomas

Great question. The sources cited above are useful ones, I've attached a few more you might find interesting.

As my colleague above explained, there aren't any clear medical interventions that have been proven to have clear effect (though the Italian paper I've attached - and another one I couldn't find, on Topiramate - do suggest there are some possible options) to manage withdrawal, unlike Methadone or Suboxone for heroin addiction for example.

I've included the paper on acupuncture because it's something that has been quite effective in the drug treatment services I work in collaboration with here in Edinburgh when supporting people who are dependent on stimulants. Ear acupuncture as an intervention combined with counselling/psychotherapy (especially CBT and VBRT as Qin Xiang noted) tends to help people to reduce their use or maintain it at a low dose. Interestingly, it has also worked quite well for withdrawal with other groups of stimulants, including the New Psychoactive Substances like synthetic cannabinoids that are extremely prevalent.

Thank you so much Christian Yovorsky and Francesco Lusciano...:)

The SCID-II does not measure personality traits. However, I'm not sure that's what you want to do. You say something about "personality disorder traits" that makes me think you're solely concerned with psychopathology & diagnostics. (Yes, the DSM allows one to state that a patient has, say, "paranoid traits" when they fall short of meeting criteria for the diagnosis.) The SCID-II will work for this purpose about as well as it does diagnostically. Now, here it makes a difference whether you are using only the SCID-II questionnaire or following up with the SCID-II interview. The questionnaire alone should NOT be relied upon to make a diagnosis. That requires administration of the semi-structured interview by a trained clinician.

If you do want to measure normal personality traits (such as extraversion, neuroticism, etc.), then the SCID-II is wholly inappropriate. You may want to look into the NEO-PI-3, 16PF, EPQ-R, or any of a number of other instruments designed for this purpose.

Recent study proposed a list of 52 candidate genes linked to human intelligence:

Sniekers S. et al. Genome-wide association meta-analysis of 78,308 individuals identifies new loci and genes influencing human intelligence. Nature Genetics (2017)DOI:doi:10.1038/ng.3869

Thank you Catarina!

I do know that it PPS is classed as uncategorised personality disorder (non dsm). And that they basicly use the antisocial PD.  

Best,

Bert

I may have attached too much significance to the terms "suspect" and "interrogation" to jump to a conclusion that a criminal interview was at issue.  Thank you for clearing up to me that this is more about how the participant reacts on a task depending upon culpability due to intoxication, not necessarily in a criminal law situation.  I now have a better understanding of your parameters.

Dear Gabriela:

Based on the anchor labels, I think you could make a conceptual argument for the two lowest points being collapsed into low fear, the two highest points being collapsed into high fear, and the middle three points recoded into moderate fear. 

Whatever you decide with respect to recoding the item, you can always correlate your 3-point recoded variable with the original 7-point variable. With 1,000+ respondents, I would bet that the r will be well above .90. No one should be all the worried about your recoding in this case and you won't need to cite something to support your decision.

Good luck!

hello Dr Shobit

I wud suggest you to read following articles (cited in more than 100 manuscripts) links

warm regards

1. Indian J Psychol Med. 2013 Apr-Jun; 35(2): 121–126. doi:  10.4103/0253-7176.116232

2. Int J Ayurveda Res. 2010 Jan-Mar; 1(1): 55–57. doi:  10.4103/0974-7788.59946

Turismo y Ocio.

These books may interest you.

Hi Laura Szymanski, 

I worked on false recall by using DRM paradigm (i.e., Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm) with free and cued selective reminding lists. I think you may find recommended intertrial intervals for your project. 

I hope it will help,

Julian

Thank you . Anyway, as far as it is a growing body of evidence that  biological features are concerned (cortisol, cytokines,  Andtidepressants as protecting factor against neuronal deterioration when exposed to chronic stress ,  microbiote implicatioa,, I am  still hwondering whether any guidelines (décisions three that ) concerning  the biological / psychopharmaco relatedc agents could exist.

In addition, I definitly  agree with  the assumption that other technics are of paramount complermentary importance (meditation etc)  Holistc  approach is key. Best regards

The Epilepsy Foundation has information on medical marijuana and epilepsy at http://www.epilepsy.com/learn/treating-seizures-and-epilepsy/other-treatment-approaches/medical-marijuana-and-epilepsy

Also a Medscape article at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/825642

If there is a sober family member, they can potentially benefit from Community Reinforcement and Family Therapy (CRAFT) to change their behavior in a way that will be more self-protective, stay loving while not enabling, and encourage substance-abusing family members to enter treatment. I've linked a list of related scientific publications. An associated self-help book is called "Get Your Loved One Sober" by Meyers & Wolfe.

Thanks for your advice :D 

Thanks

For detecting 'any use' in the previous month (or two, or three) hair testing is generally more reliable and sensitive than body fluid testing. For skinhead hairstyles, pubic, leg or armpit hair are alternatives. If someone has a sudden total Brazilian body-waxing when told they have to give a hair sample in the next day or two, it looks rather suspicious. 

Please study the data of several articles in the appendix.

When an author publishes the actual items of a scale (whether it's in a journal article or on a web site), it constitutes permission for others to use the measure. But it can be a good idea to contact the author about your projected use. Sometimes you'll get useful advice or updates. And if they're keeping track of how the measure is used, your work may be cited in a subsequent review.

I suggest having a look at a more recent review we wrote titled 'Classification and treatment of antisocial individuals: From behavior to biocognition'. You can get it from my profile. It also covers a study by Baskin-Sommers et al. 2015 in which Cognitive Remediation Therapy was used for the first time in offenders with psychopathy. 

There is a Single Case Archive at http://singlecasearchive.com/

Rutgers University has a Pragmatic Case Archives at http://pcsp.libraries.rutgers.edu/index.php/pcsp/issue/archive

"Objective: The authors investigated the predictive potential of a stress-diathesis model for suicidal behavior based on correlates of past suicidal acts. In this model, suicidal acts are precipitated by stressors such as life events or a major depressive episode in the setting of a propensity for acting on suicidal urges. This diathesis is expressed as the tendency to develop more pessimism in response to a stressor and/or the presence of aggressive/impulsive traits. The predictive potential of the diathesis was tested by determining whether clinical correlates of past suicidal behavior predict suicidal acts during a 2-year follow-up of patients with a major depressive episode."

Social skills should be teach many times to a person who needs to learn how to begin to follow social rules and to integrate into the community. Many techniques are available for this goal.

Dear Mareike,

These resources may interest you.

I have not made a reference to you in any of the pubications.

Rgds.

Anilka Weerakkody