Science topic

ASEAN - Science topic

Explore the latest questions and answers in ASEAN, and find ASEAN experts.
Questions related to ASEAN
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
1 answer
Overview
The advancement of research in higher education institutions across ASEAN is crucial for fostering innovation, economic development, and global competitiveness. However, implementing effective research management policies presents a complex challenge due to the region's diverse regulatory frameworks, funding disparities, and administrative constraints. This book delves into the intricacies of research governance in ASEAN universities, highlighting the challenges institutions face and the best practices that have emerged in response. By examining policy implementation, funding mechanisms, ethical considerations, and institutional strategies, this work provides a comprehensive guide to strengthening research ecosystems. Through case studies and comparative analyses, it offers valuable insights for policymakers, university administrators, and researchers striving to enhance research productivity and international collaboration. Ultimately, this book aims to contribute to developing sustainable and effective research management frameworks, aligning ASEAN universities with global standards while addressing region-specific needs.
Proposals Submission Deadline: April 12, 2025 Full Chapters Due: July 5, 2025 Submission Date: July 5, 2025
Relevant answer
Answer
I think is is a good topic on how we can provide basis for policies to optimize course delivery. I'm in!
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
1 answer
What is the connection amongst China and ASEAN countries concerning Higher
education management?
What role do these linked factors play in the present state of China-ASEAN ties, and in
Higher education management in particular?
Relevant answer
Answer
policy support, regulatory management, cultural and legal integration?
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
4 answers
I am currently conducting a research regarding the effect of an FTA formation on the FDI of the FTA member states (which include ASEAN countries). I have read that people used to be able to find bilateral FDI data ranging from 2001 to 2012 from UNCTAD, but I cannot find the data anywhere on the UNCTAD FDI database website now. Where can I find this data? Could anyone share this data with me?
P.S. I know OECD and IMF also provide some bilateral FDI data, but ASEAN countries are not in the OECD, and the IMF data begins from 2009, which make them not helpful to me.
Relevant answer
Answer
I checked out Dada Issac's suggestion. Seems to work and gives some useful information. Thanks, Sir.
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
3 answers
I am planning to conduct a study about the preparedness of a local city if it passes/conforms to the standard of ASEAN. A lot of city has been awarded and recognized already by achieving the criteria set by the guideline. I want to make a research investigating if my city is ready. What research approach/design/methods should i use? Who are the possible respondents? The guideline is found here:
Thank you
Relevant answer
Usually every research needs an appropriate strategy which means a suitable framework for your own objectives. The suggestions written before, could set a basic framework for your strategy and research, in which you may complement your specific interests for the investigation.
The methodology is a detailed description of stages, steps and mechanisms to develop the strategy. I presume your research would need an specific combination of quantitative and qualitative information. I hope the following read could be of help:
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
4 answers
I am conducting a research that use the Gravity model as follows:
lnY = lnGDP + lnPGDP + lnOpenness + lnrer + lnn + lndis + ASEAN + Border
where Y is export values, GDP is (GDPi * GDPj), PGDP is (PGDPi*PGDPj)
i: import country, j: export country
I use 2SLS to estimate the model and it pass the endogeneity test, overid test, weak identitfying test. Though the result turns out that GDP and PGDP have no significance to the export values.
Is there anything wrong with my model?
The Stata results are attached below.
Relevant answer
Answer
Very interesting model.
Why you wouldn't use other variables like common language.. Membership in WTO
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
4 answers
Hi, I'm doing my research for ASEAN countries in panel data applied with PMG/panel ARDL model. Since PMG model restrict serial correlation and it was panel, the diagnostic test for Autocorrelation, Heteroscedasticity, RAMSEY reset test, CUSUM test in Eviews sure cannot run in panel data. May I know what should I do?
Relevant answer
Answer
Well, since you are making use of PMG/ARDL for panel, once you check for cross-sectional dependence and found that it does not exist. Then go ahead, check for panel cointegration using Pedroni or any other. Once there is cointegration, proceed to estimate the cross-sectional short-run coefficient if needed, and interpret your results. All these can be done using eviews.
However, if there are cross-sectional dependence you will have to use the second-generation cointegration test and unit root test which are available in Stata.
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
5 answers
Common databanks like UNCTAD, OECD, WorldBank and ASEAN Website did not have the data for the last 30 years.
Relevant answer
Answer
Thank you very much for your share, Prof. Abdul Rehman
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
1 answer
Theres a is an eight-year-old student. Her parents and teachers have observed Theresa engaging in frequent temper tantrums related to minor frustrations. She also has difficulty getting along with peers and maintaining relationships at school. As a classroom teacher, how will be your approach in handling or dealing with students experiencing behavioral problems?
Relevant answer
Answer
My grandfather would say spare the rod spoil the child.id disagree.acknowledge the behavioural problem and act empathetically so that the troublesome behaviour is addressed but the child feels that you care and you didnt mug her off because this could encourage additional rebellious or contemptuous behaviour against someone she may see as an enemy of sort
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
4 answers
I've been collecting data about ASEAN countries' national budgets in terms of revenues, expenditures, and allocations. I have 10 years data for ASEAN countries and 20 years data for Malaysia. Was wondering what kind of analysis or research could transpire from this? Am open for suggestions.
Relevant answer
Answer
Akhmad Solikin your reply gave me an idea to took at how allocation are done prior to expenditure. Some time it necessitates sector drivers to justify allocation, but in the context of ASEAN, I'm quite certain that in some budgetary years the allocations are blindly assigned based on party populist demand. If budget data serves as an input and macro data is the output, then expenditure efficiency is possible to compute. Thanks for the reply.
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
23 answers
I do not have the figures for researchers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), but for this discussion, I will assume that in a population of researchers, a fair fraction will be researchers in STEM.
The Philippines has a frustratingly small number of researchers (~188 researchers for every 1 million inhabitants). This is probably the reason it lags behind its neighbors in the STEM fields. This, I would suppose, has detrimental effects on the overall development of the country. Its neighbors, such as South Korea (~7500 researchers/million inhabitants), Singapore (~6700 researchers/million inhabitants), Japan (~5300 researchers/million inhabitants), Malaysia (~2400 researchers/million inhabitants), Thailand (~1200 researchers/million inhabitants), China (~1200 researchers/million inhabitants), and Vietnam (~700 researchers/million inhabitants), that have significantly larger densities of researchers have overtaken the Philippines in many aspects of development. Other countries, such as Laos (~16 researchers/million inhabitants), Cambodia (~30 researchers/million inhabitants), Myanmar (~29 researchers/million inhabitants) seem to also lag in many aspects of progress.
What might it take for countries such as ours to raise more researchers and scientists? Would you be able to provide suggestions on how we might do so despite the fact that the Philippines and other countries with small densities of researchers are low- to middle-income countries?
(Data on number of researchers per million inhabitants taken from UNESCO Institute for Statistics: http://data.uis.unesco.org/index.aspx?queryid=64)
Relevant answer
Answer
The researchers' "production" will not contribute to a significant increase in the country's development. First, there must be industry and capital that will need science to develop further. Otherwise, the researchers will have to move to countries where their knowledge will be needed.
Therefore, in my opinion, we need to develop entrepreneurship first.
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
2 answers
I m working on Microfinance Institutions and want to use a proxy or an indicator for fintech. Can you help me with what proxy can be used for fintech and where can I find the data regarding ASEAN Countries?
Relevant answer
Answer
Thank you very much Dmitriy Plekhanov I shall give it a detailed read
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
3 answers
I would like to know our fellow researcher from ASEAN countries who are currently or in the past doing research relevant to the stigma of Covid-19
Relevant answer
Answer
Perhaps it is worth debating the topic by asking what makes ASEAN countries different in relation to the study of stigma?
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
9 answers
I am looking for published (preferably open-access) articles on geoscience education with a focus on the geoscience curricula in basic education. Thank you!
Relevant answer
Answer
Christoper Jan Landicho , thank you, and I hope you are doing great.
That information should be easily available from school or university websites as was suggested above. Information on this from Universiti of Brunei Darussalam is given below. Earth Sciences is not taught at school or college levels here, so, this should cover the entire country for you.
Hope this helps.
Kind regards
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
3 answers
Currently I am doing research about ASeAn countries in environment and health outcomes
There is always missing data for variable health expenditures and energy consumption for certain countries in ASeaN during period of 1990-2017
Relevant answer
Answer
thanks a lot for your kind help Mr. Ambrosini
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
1 answer
The ASEAN integration implements the intra-regional mobility or the free flow of goods, services, workers and investments to be able to provide opportunities to the people to have an employment and business in different regions among Southeast Asian countries. In the past, the separation of work and personal life is a must but nowadays, integrating the passion of the people is connected to different careers and learning how to merge these two variables may lead to a productive and meaningful life (Guillermo,2016).
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Dean and fellow students,
The question is How can one achieve work-life balance or work life integration, my thought is that since the goals of ASEAN is to connect the countries that are separated by geographical boundaries, to unite these striving nations and to be of help to one another, as set out in 2007’s ASEAN Economic Blueprint, the AEC seeks to “transform ASEAN into a region with free movement of goods, services, investment, skilled labour, and freer flow of capital.” For me, the labor sector plays a vital role in the ASEAN integration. Take for example, In 2017 Global Innovation Index ranked Singapore as the most innovative country in Asia, while the 2017 Bloomberg Innovation Index ranked Singapore sixth globally – those are compelling reasons why companies like Amazon and IBM are using Singapore to pilot groundbreaking new projects before they roll them out globally. With these latest achievements of Singapore, they would be in need of additional IT experts and researchers which are also available in the Philippines. Aside from a surplus of great IT professionals, the Philippines also has a steady supply of engineers, nurses, and doctors that can contribute to Singapore and other ASEAN member -- the same positive contribution our teachers are having in Thailand. These professionals are achieving and can achieve work-life balance due to the relative proximity of the Asean countries and the relative ease with which they can enter and exit ASEAN member countries and the technologies available to make life outside one’s country more manageable.
References :
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
5 answers
What are the barriers that constraint the achievement of economic integration in the SAARC countries? Although ASEAN countries and economic cooperation like EU, NAFTA and some other economically integrated region achieved a remarkable success and economic development and integration in different dimensions but comparatively SAARC countries could not achieve any remarkable progress after its establishment.
Relevant answer
Answer
Thank you Elizabeth Hanson for answering. What hard and soft infrastructures can make the integration possible. Can you suggest any options for infrastructure connections? In spite of adversarial relations between two countries can you think any good future of integration in this region? What alternative actions might of help? Can you suggest?
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
3 answers
I am researching on this subtopic of employment mobility as part of the overall employee experience which is main my dissertation topic.
From a policy analysis perspective, what needs to be done so this will benefits all the member countries of ASEAN?
Relevant answer
Answer
It is important for ASEAN to develop employment mobility among its member countries because of the cheap skilled workers are available in ASEAN and especially in Asian nations. So, that it enhance the employment opportunities for the skilled workers and those who are actually employable and potential to work hard and contributes towards the economic growth of the nation and as well as development and growth of each individual worker.
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
10 answers
What do you think would probably be the repurcussions of the US-China trade war on ASEAN countries?
Relevant answer
Answer
Good news for free trade from the EU:
https://spon.de/afvPS Deal! EU and Mercosur will sign and found the biggest free trade area of the world, soon without the UK though...
What a massage in times of Donald Trump's trade war efforts.
Good news for free trade from the EU - its biggest trade deal ever went into force (EU-Japan-Free Trade Area)...
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
166 answers
In the late seventies, the move towards a New World Information and Communication Order was proposed by Third World countries and international agencies such as UNESCO. In the light of ASEAN Integration, would a regional information and communication policy that covers mass media and new media operations likewise be pursued?
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Dr. Alexander G. Flor ,
An ASEAN Policy on Communication and Media is greatly needed and should be pursued.
Sadly, I personally think it may not prosper for now. From what I can observe, even our own country is not yet ready to fully commit to a truly free and open media and communication policy.
Press freedom, for one, remains to be a challenge, not only in the Philippines, but for all the ASEAN governments.
In fact, all of the 10 ASEAN member-countries placed at the bottom of the 180 nations listed in the 2018 World Press Freedom Index.
Crafting and implementing a unified ASEAN Policy on Media and Communication, with emphasis on press freedom and media censorship, is not easy for a region that has different media cultures, political and economic environment as it may shake up each member-country’s own media regulations.
In the Philippines, President Rodrigo Duterte continues to criticize the media saying that it is spreading fake news about him.
In Myanmar, two Reuters journalists were jailed for reporting on the Rohingya Crisis.
In Cambodia, Prime Minister Hun Sen closed down media networks which discredited him during the 2018 elections.
In Vietnam, a decree was issued to restrict the use of pseudonyms in online articles and blogs.
In Brunei, broadcasting by means of telecommunication or by blogging may also be punished.
In Laos, a decree compelled foreign media to submit their content first to the government for its approval.
In Singapore, journalists are restricted to cover issues that are considered "off limits or out of bounds". However, these out-of-bounds markers are not clearly defined.
In Malaysia, Prime Minister Najib Razak targeted journalists who covered the financial corruption scandal he was involved in.
In Thailand, dozens have been imprisoned for defaming or insulting the King, Queen and the Heir-apparent.
In Indonesia, President Joko Widodo limited media access in Western New Guinea, where it is believed that military groups carry out acts of violence against local journalists.
In conclusion, the ASEAN governments have shrunk the space for the voicing of opinions, especially when it is critical to the authorities.
And for as long as the region do not fully practice freedom of expression, it cannot have a prosperous media and communication policy.
Sources:
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
9 answers
Trading Clocs like ASEAN,NAFTA,EU play an important role in international trade.What are the various factors affecting the mechanism of functioning of trading blocs.
Relevant answer
Answer
I strongly believe humans whether families,workers, consumers, children, older folks women and people in general should be the central focus and concern of any international trade arrangements whether these are trading blocs international commercial and trade agreements involving Foreign Direct Investment or capital flows or bilateral trade agreements..Furthermore, people should be defined broadly to include the inhabitants of all countries involved. Such an arrangements should be done in an international settings and some teeth against violators. Businesses often violate principle of placing humans first many of them place short term profit as their main objective. This is why our environment is in the situation it is and we are punished by extreme weather phenomena that become more frequent. Nation states are not helping either most often are influenced by big businesses who influence governments the most. They invest in economic activities where short term profit prevails instead of looking for long term profits to help their country and the world community. Governments should discourage investments to countries that violate human rights and do not support democracy and minorities.
Similarly under the present international system governments allow businesses to suppress worker compensation in order for their businesses to become international competitive and the expense of the businesses of another country,.
Another major concern should be arms proliferation now days not only
countries compete which country will sell more powerful weapons but countries undertake joint production with the country that buys weapons to receive better business deals. Then we t wonder why we have so many armed conflicts in so many parts of the world. There is a lot work to be done to improve living conditions everywhere.
thanks
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
1 answer
I'm looking for arelationship between the labour market and e-commerce.
Relevant answer
Answer
OECD DATA BASE , GLOBAL VALUE CHAIN CONCEPT WILL GIVE MANY ANSWERS TO YOUR QUERY.
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
3 answers
I am trying to estimate the trade creation and diversion effects of ASEAN- India FTA. These variables are introduced as suggested in the gravity. Trade creation where both countries in the sample are members of the FTA, Trade diversion where one country is a member while other is a non- member. Also these are introduced from 2010 onwards (when the FTA was impelemented) while the period under study is from 2000- 2016. My queries are as follows:
1) will the trade creation and diversion variables be treated as bilaterally varying or invariant? Or the trade diversion variables are country specific?
2) In a sample of 80 countries, is it important to control for other FTAs other than the one under study? If yes, should the agreements of non- members only be taken into consideration eg. studying the impact of AIFTA, should agreements between India and countries other than ASEAN be controlled or only those agreements are to be controlled which do not involve the members ?
I will be highly obliged if someone could help me with these.
Thank you.
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Richa, the following paper offers a very good survey of the literature and empirical approaches of gravity models for trade. You can find answers to your questions and some good references of papers related to ASEAN, like the ones I included below. Hope this is useful. Regards.
Tang D. Effects of the regional trading arrangements on trade: evidence from the NAFTA, ANZCER and ASEAN Countries, 1989-2000. J Int Trade Econ Dev 2005; 14(2): 241-65
Roberts BA. A gravity study of the proposed China-Asean free trade area. Int Trade J 2004; 18(4): 335-53
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
2 answers
nergy Service Company in ASEAN Specially Malaysia: Potentials and Challenges
Relevant answer
Answer
Thank you Dr Douglas . It mean that I can conclude that the native human behavior will be the first challenge to take care of in these areas .
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
21 answers
In Europe, Africa and other parts of the world, we can observe some kind of supranationalisation (to different degrees, but still). Is it a possible scenario that in some decades, the world will be ordered by five to ten supranational players: EU, AU, Eurasian Union, ASEAN and a policized NAFTA - or is a drawback to nationalism more likely?
Relevant answer
Answer
This is a BAD Scenario. It will never be realized.
Leonid
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
6 answers
Dear Seniors would appreciate your suggestion
I'm looking for suggestion; Is this topic can used in recent research or out-date?.
I'm new candidate, looking for PhD thesis topic in area of FDI: impact of FDI and their determinant on economic growth and performance in Asean and SAArC countries ; a comparative analysis.
Relevant answer
Answer
You might look at the following article:
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
3 answers
I want to get information about home-ownership rates in India and various economies like G4, BRIC, ASEAN, EU nations. From what sources i can get authentic data for same.
Relevant answer
Answer
you're wellcome.
And here you'll find newer data for European countries (from Eurostata): https://www.statista.com/statistics/246355/home-ownership-rate-in-europe/
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
5 answers
I wanna regist an event for developing country, so i need data (real) from ASEAN countries in some areas such as economy, social, etc.
Relevant answer
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
2 answers
Thermoelectric generator has a promising use in tropical country, but until now, there is a limited literature found, why?
Relevant answer
Answer
The principal disadvantages of thermoelectric generators are their low efficiency (usually below 10 %) and their tendency to self-heating - you need to keep the "cold" side cool to maintain a favourable temperature difference. The latter will cost you some of the energy that has been generated in the device. Thus, they are mostly found in niche applications or as add-ons when some waste heat of other processes is to be used.
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
1 answer
Within an empirical research class, my group wants to take a closer look at FDI impact on welfare in ASEAN (9 countries in Southeast Asia).
As proxy for welfare we partly created our own dependent variable "pclit" representing nightlight data of each country.
So therefore our model is described as in the "state files" attached.
It would be much appreciated if you have a closer look at our outputs.
Each page shows an OLS output first (xtreg) and an Arellano-Bond Output (xtabond) below.
Considering the idea that our dependent variable "pclit" is correlated with its past values, we created lags. 
Questions evolving: 
-1) Do we need "lags" for some of our regressors as well (for instance: FDI, GDPGrowth, etc.)
-2) Is the Arellano-Bond Estimator still the "right" framework ? (considering the small N of 9 countries and only about 100 observations; and a T of about 15-19 years: 1990-2008/2009)
-3) We tried to check for serial correlation, unfortunately we could not understand the stata output with "estat abond". 
Arellano-Bond test for zero autocorrelation in first-differenced errors
Order z Prob > z
1 -4.6414 0.0000
2 -1.0572 0.2904
3 -.19492 0.8455
4 .04472 0.9643
H0: no autocorrelation
3)What would be the intuition of this output, for example ?
-4) What about the problem with to many instruments in comparison to the observations ? 
-5) What could be an explanation for a negative coefficient of "lnFDI" on "pclit"
Thank you very much in Advance for every response.
Have a nice week,
All the best.
Relevant answer
Answer
Stata output attached
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
9 answers
What are the best Earnings Quality measures that are best supported by recent literature? I am thinking to measure earnings quality in ASEAN countries. What is the good measure of earnings quality if I want to examine the relationship between earnings quality and corporate social responsibility reporting. The weak investors protection and legal enforcement is also weak in this context.
Relevant answer
Answer
I think you can also refer to the newer paper by Dechow et al. (2012), Detecting earnings management: a new approach, Journal of Accounting research, Volume 50, Issue 275–334
Giovanna Gavana
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
9 answers
I am trying to locate surveys/data sets that provide information about ageing and health in a number of countries in the Asian region - including, for example, the 2014 Myanmar Ageing Study, 2011 Viet Nam National Aging Study and SAGE India Waves 0-2; however, I cannot locate studies in Lao PDR, Malaysia, Nepal, and the Philippines. Any connections to colleagues/surveys and advice would be welcome.
Relevant answer
Answer
Hi, Paul.
Please check whether this can be helpful
National Health and Morbidity Survey
Global Ageing Study (GLAS), 2007
Malaysian Population and Family Survey
National Medical Care Survey (NMCS) 2010
East Asia Retirement Survey
The Mental Health and Quality of Life of Older Malaysians Survey
Philippine Elderly Survey (PES)
Philippine Longitudinal Survey on Aging (PLSOA)
Best,
Mamta
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
4 answers
i'm looking for proxy for displaced commercial risk that only islamic banks have, it's confused to determine what variables which appropriate...
Relevant answer
Answer
Thanks Mohamed for suggesting my article..this is the link on researchgate https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235304089_Actual_Risk_Sharing_Measurement_in_Islamic_Banks?ev=prf_pub
it was a first attempt to measure it.
Novita, please don't hesitate to contact me if you need help.
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
4 answers
Student volunteerism for internationalization of universities
Relevant answer
Answer
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
7 answers
Only academic sources to read up on a this issue.
Relevant answer
Answer
You will find this book also useful:
Trade Regionalism in the Asia-Pacific: Developments and Future Challenges
Sanchita Basu Das, Masahiro Kawai, editors
Date of publication: 2016
Publisher: ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute
Number of pages: 359
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
711 answers
Among the anticipated outcomes of ASEAN Integration is intra-regional mobility among professionals. ASEAN professionals may soon be able to practice anywhere within the region. What does the current discourse say on who would stand to gain or lose from this eventuality? We are not referring to countries or nationalities but to sectors or groups with specific descriptors or circumstances. What does the literature say?
Relevant answer
Answer
Good day, Dr. Flor and followers of this question.
This question is one of those that can also be answered after the actual integration has happened. That is so because we all would like to see the real movement first before we can identify the strengths and weaknesses of the intra-ASEAN mobility of professionals. Many things can happen and what we thought of as winners may become the losers due to the source of unpredictable events or vice versa. As we speak (or write), what we have right now are analyses and foresights of the objectives, plans, opportunities, and challenges of the issue; comparative studies of AEC Blueprint 2008, NAFTA, EU, and MERCOSUR; and opposing arguments why this free flow of skilled workers would simply not work as planned.
Based on some of the great materials I found online, I would like to throw in my thoughts on the matter.
WIN. The countries with stronger economies; reasonable visa policies; balanced welfare-benefits-cost-of-living; more stable political and national security; better education system and government support; who are more open and accepting to multi-cultural individuals; and who are quick to respond to the impending needs of the current issues have an edge already.
Currently, skilled laborers such as engineers, architects, and nurses flock to countries like Singapore and Malaysia for employment. Although countries that are traditionally “receivers” of these skilled laborers will continue to benefit from the free flow, they will see emerging competitors for these individuals in the future. It is also predicted that countries such as Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, Laos, the Philippines, and Cambodia would gain more jobs in agriculture, trade, transportation, and construction.
On the other hand, the Philippines, for instance, can be a winner due to its years of experience in sending migrant workers abroad. It has established different government agencies to deal with the processes that a migrant worker goes through before his or her departure, during the employment period, and after returning to his or her home country. Setting aside the flaws of each agency and the process itself, it can be a model for other ASEAN member countries in handling labor mobility and migration.
LOSE. ASEAN members with high tax rates; unfavorable working conditions; complicated visa policies; no standard language; poor education system; who are not willing to adjust to and accept other cultures; and who are slow to respond to the impending needs of the current issues.
One of the reasons why an individual migrates or works in another country is to find greener pastures - may it be in wages, welfare, job security, satisfaction, professional training, among others. Therefore, why would an individuals work for another country when they can earn the same amount of salary, enjoy the same employment benefits, and be with their family in their hometown?
Countries with restrictive foreign labor policies will not benefit. In the article on The Brunei Times, the author emphasized that the Philippines has accessible professionals. On the other note, Indonesia needs skilled workers to fill in positions. However, these two countries do not maximize what they can benefit from each other due to the policies and constitutional laws binding them. Therefore, creating a single market and “regionalisation” is an utmost problem.
Not only will the skilled workers be discouraged to work for these countries, but the local skilled individuals will be driven away also by these negative characteristics. These countries will lose their most talented members, otherwise known as brain drain, to countries who have more attractive employment and social packages.
Meanwhile, Philippines’ Senator Angara argues that high tax rates in the Philippines may drive away Filipino workers, as well as possible foreign skilled laborers. Changing national regulations and laws for the advantage of the people and not just the business sector must be deliberated to cope with this nearing integration.
WIN. The small percentage of the total employment in member countries stated in the MRA which are engineering, architecture, nursing, accountancy, surveying services, medicine, and dentistry may be winners. Although they are the favored professions, there are still barriers such as language, culture, visa policies, and social acceptance that can discourage skilled workers to migrate; and force those who are already in their host land to go back to their home country.
LOSE. Unskilled or semi-skilled workers will lose since they are not included in the blueprint for the free mobility. It seems that the MRA is very limiting to the upper business sectors and intra-company employees.
WIN. On this level, those who can adjust to the culture and learn the host country’s language may be winners. Living in another country is difficult especially if the culture and language are different from what one knows. Adjustment must come from both parties. Receiving countries must be ready socially to accept, or at least adjust to, the foreign workers.
LOSE. Individuals with impossible expectations of what their life is going to be once they have migrated will not be successful. Moreover, those who cannot adjust with their new environment, culture, and language will have a hard time.
WIN-LOSE.  In contrast to the traditional reasoning why or how brain drain will happen, Harris and Schmitt (2011) argue that it can be beneficial. People who cannot adjust to or are not successful in their host country will either go back to their home country or go to another. Therefore, “human capital may increase in the source country even in the presence of Brain Drain” (Harris and Schmitt, 2001). Furthermore, the two authors explain that skilled workers who immigrated to another country can provide the means for foreign direct investments since they know their home country better than the foreign workers there. In their paper, the authors introduced the phrase “Brain Circulation” in lieu of Brain Drain (Harris and Schmitt, 2001).
For further readings, I recommend these resources.
An extremely interesting contrasting views of Imee Marcos, Ng Yeen Seen, and Prof Chayodom Sabharsi on labor mobility can be read here: http://www.cpps.org.my/upload/AseanAffairs_May-June_11_Bold%20New%20Asean_Ms.%20Ng%20Yeen%20Seen_interview.pdf. All parties raised and pointed out valid reasons.
In the article below, Singaporeans share their experience with the flock of skilled migrants in their country. http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/asean-leaders-push-for/1779890.html
Some very good points to ponder can be found on the analytical paper wrote by Guntur Sugiyarto and Dovelyn Rannveig Aguinas, A ‘Freer’ Flow of Skilled labour within ASEAN: Aspirations, Opportunities and Challenges in 2015 and Beyond. It can be downloaded here: http://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/freer-flow-skilled-labour-within-asean-aspirations-opportunities-and-challenges-2015.
One of the four pillars of AEC is to increase competitiveness. It is a well-known fact that the economic state, cost of living, education, labor and visa policies of every member nation of the ASEAN hugely differ from each other. How would the weaker countries cope with all these if they are struggling internally already?
In line with building regional identity, ASEAN countries must think about what each can contribute the whole region’s prosperity. In order for the people and the integration to be successful, the ten nations must work together by augmenting and strengthening their physical and human capital foundation.
Angara: High taxes may drive Filipino workers to ASEAN neighbors. (2015, October 25). Rappler. Retrieved from http://www.rappler.com/business/211-governance/110619-angara-tax-rates-asean-integration
Chia, S.Y. 2013. The ASEAN Economic Community: Progress, Challenges, and Prospects. ADBI Working Paper 440. Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute. Retrieved from http://www.adbi.org/working- paper/2013/10/25/5916.asean.economic.community.progress.challenges/
Das, S. D. (2014, September 27). The ASEAN Economic Community’s labour policy needs work.East Asia Forum. Retrieved from http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2014/09/27/the-asean-economic-communitys-labour-policy-needs-work/
Labour mobility in ASEAN. (2014, January 27). Retrieved from http://bt.com.bn/business-national/2014/01/27/labour-mobility-asean
Orbeta, A. C. (2013). Enhancing labor Mobility in ASEAN: Focus on Lower-skilled workers. Philippine Institute for Development Studies. Retrieved from http://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/dps/pidsdps1317.pdf
Sanchez, C. (n.d.). Jollibee Foods Corp on Labor Mobility - Getting jolly real on AEC 2015. Retrieved from http://adedge.com.ph/jollibee-foods-corp-on-labor-mobility-getting-jolly-real-on-aec-2015/
Sugiyarto, G. and Aguinas, D. (2014). A ‘Freer’ Flow of Skilled labour within ASEAN: Aspirations, Opportunities and Challenges in 2015 and Beyond. Issue in Brief. Retrieved from http://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/freer-flow-skilled-labour-within-asean-aspirations-opportunities-and-challenges-2015
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
63 answers
Malaysia is just ONE of the countries with an aging population; there are other such countries.  "Malaysia's population is ageing at a faster rate than many may have realised. The average life expectancy for women and men in Malaysia is 76 and 73 years, respectively."
At the same time, many young Malaysians are working in distant places: Australia, UK, Europe, and the ASEAN region.  What must be put in place to care for aging relatives in a community, when children, the primary care givers, work far from home?
And, how can we ensure that all older adults receive the care and dignity they need to enhance quality of life in old age? 
Relevant answer
Answer
This question is partly triggered in my memory when I read the abstract of Helena's paper.  She has just uploaded the full text for me.  Thanks Helena!
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
3 answers
What do you think are the outcomes and impacts of curricular amalgamation leading towards a common accreditation or quality standards of certain disciplines?  How does educational system integration affects the social standing, economic well-being and political empowerment of an individual?
Relevant answer
Prof:
In my region's experience with such integration, all the Aesean countries may not be at the same level of development, so allowances would have to be made where such integration is done on a phased basis. Here's what's available in ResearchGate;
Best regards,
Debra
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
7 answers
To increase the market area and to helping each other..
Relevant answer
Answer
I believe there are huge opportunities in the private education sector.  For example, Malaysian private universities/colleges may consider hiring promoters/agents in the Philippines to attract their students.  This type of entrepreneurial cooperation or strategic alliance offers advantages such as lower advertising cost and better information about the local market.
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
6 answers
I am conducting a research at ESSEC Business School concerning the French Maritime Industry in ASEAN (Hence excluding China, Japan, India and South-Korea). 
We divided the industry as follows (all comments are welcome)
- Shipbuilding (Ship construction, repair and maintenance; Marine supplies)
- Shipping
- Offshore industries (Oil & Gas services and supply)
- Defence, Safety & Security
- Transversal/Peripheral activities (Banking, Insurance, Certification...) 
We interviewed several French managers of the industry in the region but we are having trouble to find specific, current data in open-source on the ASEAN market to get comparable elements and identify trends, challenges and opportunities for the French. 
Thanks in advance for your help.
Regards
Relevant answer
Answer
Try to contact Laem Chabang port. I hope they will help you a lot of about Thai maritime..http://www.lcit.com/
Puttipong
PhD candidate (Operation management & Logistic supply chain)
Brunel Business School
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
3 answers
I have searched literature values for Selenium (Sodium selenate). I got USEPA literature 2004. I need other than USEPA: Australian, ASEAN and New Zealand water quality criteria for selenium lc50.
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Arif thank you for sending a link in that i seen same USEPA data. Like USEPA i need literature values neither like Australian, ASEAN and New Zealand water quality criteria for selenium lc50 for marine water species. 
Thank you for sharing this information 
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
29 answers
Problem: More and more countries are getting involved in the globalized world, partly by strengthening such transnational communities as the European Union and the AEC (ASEAN Economic Comunity). The free movement of the workforce and of students is a fact in this regard. Besides the need for comparable transcripts there is also the need for the secure exchange of such data between national authorities. 
What are current activities in setting up data international exchange standards (such as EDIFACT (Electronic Data Interchange For Administration, Commerce and Transport, United Nations) for educational institutions?
Relevant answer
Answer
Countries are converging and so, emerging as a global village.
So useful -- exchange of data.
This is natural and exchange will increase in future for mutual benefits.
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
3 answers
The ASEAN Integration 2015 compels member countries to align and harmonize their educational system with each other.  How will it affect an individual's preferred profession or career?  How much will be the financial burden of a country in relation to its capacity to pay, i.e., cost of schooling per capita?  What would be its expected impact to the culture and social standing of the population?  In what way will an educational system integration empower the people to make them active participants of political processes and governance?
Relevant answer
Answer
The Philippines and other countries in southeast Asian region had established ASEAN not just for mutual defense (previously, it was named the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization, akin to NATO) but for stronger cooperation in the political, economic and socio-cultural spheres.  By next year, it can be expected that a lot of those provisions for cooperation will be in place.
One of the basic tenet of ASEAN Integration 2015 is on higher education.  Majority of the population of member-countries are not so aware of the direct impact of integration to their lifestyle.  However, academicians are so concerned considering that those who came from so-called "low-quality" schools will be competing with those who graduated from high-profile universities.  The manner of raising the bar of quality education is not so easy considering the fact that a lot of these countries are still in the middle stage of development.  Thus, there are issues which are of grave importance that has to be addressed first before we can say that these countries are ready for integration.
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
3 answers
Green ship mainly depend on green design. Ship should be designed to enable them give the minimal effect on the environment during manufacturing and service.
Green shipyard shall ensure the high efficiency of materials and energy in shipbuilding, reduce the harmful emissions and smoothen the process of integrated hull construction, outfitting and painting.
Relevant answer
Answer
Yes, in port operations, Singapore has initiatives. MPA took this initiative a few year's back. I have not seen any in shipyard technology yet.
  • asked a question related to ASEAN
Question
3 answers
According to the ASEAN has the end-goal to the economic and financial integration in year 2015, it is very interesting to study the EU-style economic integration, which has been accepted as a model of regional integration. However, many scholars argue that a region that consists mostly of developing or less developed countries such as the ASEAN is unlikely to develop closer regional integration or as legalistic as the EU. Is it appropriate to compare the EU and the ASEAN?
Relevant answer
Answer
Most salient issue is that monetary integration without fiscal control is highly problematic.  Rapid expansion of membership especially to countries that do not share Western Europe's level of development and cultural attributes led to unsustainable expansion.  The key for ASEAN now is depth and not breadth.