5G - Science topic

The project includes simulations of MISO, SIMO, and MIMO configurations in 5G. I want to know if NetSim can support these setups. Also, can NetSim simulate both SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO, or is it limited to SU-MIMO only?

I am exploring the use of reinforcement learning (RL) to control aspects of 5G gNB behaviour, such as handover optimization, power control, or scheduling.

Can NetSim support such RL-based control? Specifically:

Dear colleagues!

Due to many requests, the deadline for paper submission has been extended. The new deadline for paper submission is May 15, 2025. The updated important dates are below.

We cordially invite you to participate in the 28th International Conference on Distributed Computer and Communication Networks – DCCN'2025 which will be held under the support of the IEEE (Russia Section Chapter, COM19) in the premises of ICS RAS, Moscow, Russia, on 22-26 September, 2025 with physical and/or virtual participation. 

DCCN’2025 will be a major international scientific event aimed at uniting the efforts of researchers from various academic and research organizations to develop, exchange, and summarize the accumulated experience in the field of theory and practice of building computer and telecommunication networks, discuss development prospects and cooperation in this field.

» 5G/6G communication networks algorithms and protocols

» Analytical modeling and simulation of next-generation communication systems

» Computer and telecommunication networks control and management

» Internet of Things and fog computing

» Wireless and mobile networks

» High-altitude telecommunications platforms

» Performance analysis, QoS/QoE evaluation and network efficiency

» Queuing theory and reliability theory applications

» Security in infocommunication systems

» Cloud computing, distributed, and parallel systems

» Centimeter-, millimeter-wave, and terahertz radio technologies

» Probabilistic and statistical models in information systems

» Machine learning, big data, artificial intelligence

The accepted regular papers (4-6 pages) will be published in the Conference Proceedings volume (included into the Russian Science Citation Index).

Authors of selected outstanding papers will be invited to submit extended versions of their papers (12-15 pages) for publishing by Springer Nature (indexed in Scopus and WoS).

Authors of the best selected papers will be invited to submit their extended papers in Russian to the Special Issues of "Control Sciences" and "Sensors and Systems" journals (VAK RF, Level 4 of the Russian Journal WhiteList) and in English to the Special Issue of "Advances in Systems Science and Applications" journal (Scopus Q3, Level 3 of the Russian Journal WhiteList).

Regular Paper Submissions (4-6 pages): MAY 15, 2025

Full Paper Submission (12-15 pages): June 15, 2015

Conference Dates: September 22-26, 2025

See more information at the conference website: https://2025.dccn.ru/.

How can I take inputs such as radio conditions, cell load, 5G/6G frequency bands etc., and applying traffic steering policies. I wanted to model dynamic traffic conditions and handover thresholds and the evaluate performance metrics like sum throughput, UE distribution among carriers, PRB utilization and cell edge performance. I am using NetSim simulator but your inputs based on any simulator would be greatly appreciated. Thanks

Hi There,

I am designing MATLAB code for OFDM with Index Modulation for 5G NR wireless communication. In this system, I am using a Rayleigh fading channel for data transmission and reception, with LDPC coding applied for error correction. However, the current Bit Error Rate (BER) performance is around 50%, which is too high for practical applications. Please suggest what changes I can make to the code or system parameters to achieve a BER of approximately 30%.

I am conducting 5G simulations in NetSim with network slicing and varying traffic loads. My goal is to obtain the PRB utilization for each slice and analyze how different scheduling algorithms affect it. What steps or methods should I follow to extract this information accurately?

Hi, please would you be so kind and remove the preprint entitled Morphometry of Red Blood Cells in Sow Blood: Effects of Short-Term In Vitro Exposure to 5G Network Frequencies from Research Gate page due to the fact that the Journal in we will submit the manuscript do not support preprint version.

Thank you.

Marko Samardžija, author

I have implemented Q-learning, DQN, A2C, and PPO for 5G power control and scheduling using NetSim for 5G and Gymnasium framework for RL. While the algorithms perform well, each training run for a single scenario takes approximately two days. To generalize the algorithm across hundreds of scenarios would require months of training. What are some effective methods or optimizations to significantly reduce this training time?

Check out our latest paper discussing the Design and Implementation of a conversational AI solution for Network Management and Orchestration in 5G, 6G and Next Generation Networks!

This work is being further extended to using Large Language Models (LLMs) to achieve simplified Intent-Based management and orchestration paradigms.

ResearchGate Paper Draft Link:

In the 3GPP R16 standard and subsequent versions, the positioning capabilities of 5G have gradually improved, and location-based services have received further attention. 5G has designed a dedicated Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) for downlink positioning and improved the uplink Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) to enable positioning functionality. In 3GPP R18, Carrier Phase Positioning for 5G OFDM system was identified as a major research direction, which, in theory, can improve positioning accuracy to centimeter level.

For future application scenarios, what new signal systems are proposed in 6G research for low delay, high dynamic and other requirements? Based on the proposed 6G technology, what location-related research are worth studying?

When conducting simulations within the NetSim 5G environment, I aim to quantify handover occurrences accurately as user equipment moves between base stations. I am looking for guidance on the specific steps or metrics to identify and count handover events.

i need research papers on adaptive modulation and coding for a 5G sysytem

Transform your AI models into seamless microservices! Our research and implementation showcases how you can operationalizing diverse AI models (any language, any framework) as microservices using open-source toolset so that the deployment is fast, efficient, and scalable.

Link to the Published Paper: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10401515

I am try to choose the best algorithm that will facilitate users fairness and efficient power allocation in NOMA to users in 5G network

The paper describes the framework and toolset to design and deploy AI and enabled microservices within the design of 5G, 6G and Next Generation Network and Security services. The work explains how AI can become a critical path in the design of these Network/ Telecom/ Security services and explores the usage of existing and shareable AI models right from the design phase to the deployment and monitoring phase.

Link to the Published Paper: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10420625

Link to ResearchGate Paper Draft:

I am trying to build models for Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) use cases such as traffic steering, load balancing, and Quality of Service (QoS) prediction. My aim is to monitor network, cell, and User Equipment (UE) performance continuously and adapt policies using AI/ML algorithms. For real-time acquisition of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and sending back control inputs, what steps should I follow? I am presently utilizing NetSim but am open to suggestions for any other effective tool or simulation software. Thank you.

Recent advances in the field of telecommunications and electronics have led to the proliferation of autonomous robots in numerous novel application fields, from emergency situations to military applications, from infrastructure inspection to ambient monitoring services, where the utilization of multiple robots is essential to accomplish the desired task. Recent works have demonstrated the challenges of coordinating multiple robots to deploy robot networks with self-configuration and self-healing capabilities to guarantee service continuity, also in case of failures.

Starting from the unique requirements of a multi robot system, Swarm Robotics is a complex approach that requires an understanding of how to define distributed systems to define self-organization behaviors. Swarm Robotics studies how to make robots collaborate and collectively solve a task where every robot contributes to the general task sharing the same higher-level objectives. To this end, communication wireless networks must be specifically designed to support the cooperation and collaboration inside the swarm.

This workshop invites original research articles and review articles that focus on communication networking problems in swarm robotics. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

IMPORTANT DATES

Workshop Papers Due: 6 October 2024  Acceptance Notification: 21 October 2024 Final Camera Ready: 10 November 2024

What is 6G Technology?

As we stand on the edge of the 5G era, the world is already buzzing about 6G technology—the next big leap in wireless communication. But what exactly is 6G, and how will it revolutionize our digital world?

In this video, we explore:

The evolution of 6G and how it differs from 5G.

Its potential to enable ultra-fast data speeds, latency reduction, and advanced IoT applications.

The exciting possibilities 6G brings for industries like AI, autonomous vehicles, smart cities, and immersive virtual reality.

Stay ahead of the curve and dive into the future of wireless communication!

Watch now: What is 6G Technology?

#6GTechnology #FutureTech #WirelessCommunication #AI #SmartCities #DigitalTransformation #TechInnovation #ProfessorRahulJain

We need to cover topics like WiFi, IoT, WSN, VANET, Ad hoc networks, LTE, 5G etc. Our plan is to use NetSim tool for the course. What may be the appropriate labs from a coursework perspective? 

Hi everyone,

Does anyone know how Frequency Selective Scheduling is implemented in a 5G Network?

A step-by-step understanding would be appreciated.

Any references or articles will be good.

Thanks.

Looking to simulate a 3-tier heterogeneous network. The base stations in each tier operate in a different frequency band, have a different transmit power and path loss exponent. Some have sector antennas while others have omni antennas. I need to change various handover parameters and see the effect. What may be the best tool for this?

How does power allocation strategy in NOMA for 5G networks impact the trade-off between system capacity and user fairness, particularly for users with varying channel conditions?

Any leads with proper explanation would be helpful.

I am using NetSim and would like to know how to obtain the above for each gNB-UE pair in a simulation. I assume they would vary with time and hence need time stamps also. Can I enable link adaptation? How does that work in 5G?

I am trying to simulate and analyze ping-pong handovers in NetSim 5G. My understanding is that a handover is triggered if the SINR from the target gNB is 3 dB higher than the SINR from the serving gNB for a certain period.

- Is this handover mechanism implemented in NetSim?

- Can I log time-stamped SINR values? If yes, how can I obtain SINR values from both the serving and target gNBs?

- How can I verify the duration for which the SINR must be 3 dB higher to trigger the handover?

Any insights or guidance on this would be greatly appreciated.

In a 5G network utilizing power-domain NOMA, how does the receiver's ability to perform Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) affect the power levels assigned to different users?

I am currently using omni antennas and would like to model sector antennas. How can I simulate tri-sector gNBs and set the orientation of the antennas? Also, how can I also find the load in each sector?

Lets have a discussion with regards to OSI physical and datalink layer transmission (signalling) technologies in the presence of quantum assisted crypt analyzers.

We can base our discussion on the advent of the Next generation Networks(NGN) such as 5G Standalone Architecture: 5GCore, 5G Edge, 5G NR and IP eXchange.

------------------------

1. How are these networks going to handle quantum crypt analysis from classical perspective especially where the networks interconnect and interoperate?

2. While newer cryptology modules are being introduced, how likely are they in terms of speed to counter quantum technologies in the interconnect where key exchange handover happens?

3. NGN introduced Network Function Virtualization based on Software Defined Technologies using slices. How likely in terms of quantum that the actual Core Technologies in terms of configuration and Misconfiguration can be compromised to a point that the entire topology can be down affecting the entire ecosystem?

Lets discuss, I am still learning and ready to learn from the experts, where proper phrasing is needed please advise, I will gladly update. OSI L1/L2 as reference model will be a great start.

Hi researchers

I would like to ask, what are the bands and subbands of 5G/6G and beyond wireless communications?

Thanks for any reply

Hello researchers,

I want to work on my doctoral thesis about the gaps existing in the field of antennas. I need your opinions and suggestions to prepare the main idea.

Thank you all.

Hi all,

I am working with NetSim which is an end-to-end, full-stack, packet-level network simulator and emulator to simulate 5G networks, and want to integrate Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) for my research.

My understanding of NetSim is reasonably good, and I am now looking to apply RL within this framework so as to learn optimal policies.

I have previously worked on a basic DQN model for Power Control and Rate Adaptation in Cellular Networks. I also tried to use RL to find the optimal serving capacity for a data batch arrival problem.

I have two questions:

I have an equation in the topic cell less in 5G . The equation is about the system capacity can be calculated as the aggregation of

all active RUs throughput. Then we propose the following as

Optimization problem:

argmax  (∑         ∑       ∑ bk,n Rm,k,n)                                                                Xb ,Xy    m∈M   k∈K  n∈N

Subject to:

C1 : yk,m ∈ {0, 1}, ∀k ∈ K, m ∈ M (4)

C2 : bk,n ∈ {0, 1}, ∀k ∈ K, n ∈ N (5)

C3 : RD

m,k ≥ RD,min

m,k , ∀k ∈ K, m ∈ M.

The constraints C1, C2, and C3 indicate the user k will associate with a particular RU m, allocate with RB n, and guarantee

minimum rate requirements of the users, respectively. I have a difficult equation that cannot be implemented in MATLAB. I need an equation similar to it, but it should be simple. Can  anyone help me ?

Dear colleagues ,

I'm working on a Mobile MIMO antenna for the sub-6GHz band. I noted that all previous works in literature used a complete ground plane. is there any standard they followed? Why there is no design implemented on partial ground?

Thanks

What is the formula by which to calculate the PHY rate of a 5G network? Is there some formula for example based on the bandwidth, modulation etc.

The topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

1. Smart City

- Smart Grid

- Smart Manufacturing

- Wireless Communication

......

2. Information System

- Information Systems and Security

- Information Management Systems

- Internet of Things (IoT)

......

3. Other Related Topics

All accepted full papers will be published on Conference Proceedings and submitted to EI Compendex and Scopus for indexing.

Registration Deadline Date: May 8, 2024

Final Paper Submission Date: May 13, 2024

Conference Date: May 17-19, 2024

As we witness the rollout of 5G and the early development of 6G technologies, it's crucial to understand their broader societal implications. This discussion aims to bring together diverse perspectives from researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers to explore the multi-dimensional impact of these advanced wireless technologies. Key areas for exploration include:

Communication Evolution: How will 5G and 6G redefine our ways of connecting? What new forms of communication might emerge, and how could they influence personal and professional interactions?

Smart Cities and Urban Development: With higher speeds and lower latencies, 5G and 6G have the potential to revolutionize urban infrastructure. What changes can we expect in city living, public services, and urban governance?

Bridging or Widening the Digital Divide: As these technologies advance, there's a risk of exacerbating the digital divide. What strategies can be implemented to ensure inclusive access, especially in underserved or rural areas?

Privacy and Data Security: Enhanced connectivity also raises significant privacy and security concerns. How can we balance the benefits of advanced networks with the need to protect individual privacy and data?

Economic Impacts and Job Market Shifts: These technologies are set to transform various industries. What economic shifts are anticipated, and how might they affect employment across different sectors?

Health and Environmental Effects: There are ongoing debates about the health implications of exposure to higher frequency waves and the environmental cost of network infrastructure. What does current research say, and what further studies are needed?

Your insights, research, and experiences are invaluable to this discussion. Please share your thoughts, findings, and any relevant studies to help us collectively understand the societal impact of 5G and 6G technologies.

I need to conduct measurements to assess the performance of 5G NSA networks, as 5G SA is not yet deployed in France. My study involves comparing 5G NSA and 4G networks using two separate user equipments, one for each network. My concern is about inter-RAT handovers. How can I fairly compare these networks when, for instance, the 5G mobile switches to 4G during an inter-RAT handover? Should I continue to account for the performance of this equipment even when it is connected to 4G? Additionally, I've noticed that the frequency bands used by both networks are often similar, especially in the lower bands. How can I then conduct a fair comparison between the two networks

Here are 3 models to emulate

paper article or reliable information.

i need simulation tools and more rerfernce about alogaritms used at 5G by NOMA

reduction PAPR at 5G wirless communication

I need some books about the 5G NR physical layers

Hello,

In the simulation (5G in-house simulator), while evaluating the system-level performance, I observed that along with the arithmetic mean throughput it also considers the geometric mean throughput of the users in a cell. My question is what is the utility of geometric mean throughput when we are already considering arithmetic mean throughput?

Thanks

I need to isolate live bacteria from mouse tissues. I have the "FastPrep-24™ 5G bead beating grinder and lysis system" and I will be using sterile tubes pre-filled with 3.0mm Zirconium beads. Tissue homogenates will be plated and assayed for bacteria growth. Has anyone done this and perhaps have a protocol or suggestions? I am concerned about bead beater settings, since I would not want to damage the bacteria with settings that might be too harsh.

Thank you!

In my NetSim 5G simulation, I keep seeing zero throughput, indicating no data transmission. Any suggestions on the factors or settings causing this, like (a) verifying correct gNB and UE configuration, (b) identifying network topology or connectivity errors, etc.? What steps can I take to understand and resolve this?

Most of the emulator or simulation tools for 5G are focused on the radio part. I am looking for an opensource tool to emulate the core network part.

I am running a 5G simulation scenario in NetSim with multiple gNBs and multiple UEs. I wish to know, for each UE, the:

received SNR and SINR

MCS or PHY data rate

number of PRBs required and allocated

transport block (TB) size

Thanks

Hi everyone,

I am new to the 5G campus network research and I wonder what your experience with the performance of 5G campus networks are (5G Standalone)? I know it depends on the settings, configurations, hardware etc.

Background of this question is, are the advertised numbers (Up to 1Gbit/s Up- and Download, latency of lower than 5ms) reality?

F.e. the following paper shows UL-rates on average up to 740 Mbit/s DL, 126 Mbit/s UL, 8MS on outdoor performance. https://www.hs-osnabrueck.de/fileadmin/HSOS/Forschung/Recherche/Laboreinrichtungen_und_Versuchsbetriebe/Labor_fuer_Hochfrequenztechnik_und_Mobilkommunikation/Mobilkomtagung/2022/Vortraege/18_Mallikarjun.pdf

On the other hand another paper with the same Core shows only UL-rates up to 20 Mbit/s? https://www.mecsware.com/uploads/7/4/5/3/74536059/komma2020_private_small_cell_in_sf.pdf

Some insights would be really helpful.

Best regards

Christian

How 5G and EDGE COMPUTING improve Industry 4.0 performance? Which 5G/MEC architecture for the industrial sector

I am trying to implement Deep Learning based approach for Dynamic Spectrum Sensing in 5G network. Facing some issue in "How to get the value of Probability of detection" and "Probability of False alarm". Kindly help me. If some one can share any Python code I will be very grateful. I am using RadionML2016.10b dataset.

Hi,

Many wideband DVBT antennas has integrated filter for filtering LTE and 5G signals. I have disassembled few of them and found internal filter inside antenna boom. Some kind of filtering can be done by not having resonators for specific length. Internal filter will have insertion loss, while specific construction I believe will be better, because no filter insertion loss. Is there any measurement methods to do to know why antenna filtering (due to construction or due to discrete component filter hidden). Let's treat antenna as black box and we need to determine filtering type by not seeing antenna construction.

Thank you in advance

What is the V2X in 5G?

My friend: Hi Saif, I have a question for you.

Me: Please, go ahead.

My friend: What is V2X?

Me: V2X means a vehicle to everything and as per 3GPP; It has 4 types in 5G which are Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle to Network (V2N), Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle to Pedestrian (V2P).

My friend: Can you give me some examples?

Me: Of course, V2V means the transfer of data directly between vehicles, so vehicles can exchange information to avoid the collision. V2I involves the transfer of data between vehicles and Road Side Units (RSU) and RSU are application servers positioned along the road with built-in Base Station functionality so they can communicate directly with passing vehicles. The RSU is aware of the timing used by nearby traffic signals and this timing is provided to vehicles approaching the signals so they can react appropriately. V2N involves the transfer of data between vehicles and the mobile network, e.g. providing Internet connectivity. V2P involves the transfer of data between vehicles and pedestrians for example for pedestrians to provide warnings to drivers.

My friend: Thanks a lot. You made it clear.

Me: You are most welcomed.

Please press the like and share buttons to clear it for everyone.

#5g #5gnr #5gnetwork #5gtechnology

What is the Relation between Absolute Propagation Time (ns) with respect to the Received Power (dBm) at the UE end? I would appreciate if anyone can explain the two graphs and the parameters associated with these graphs. Thanks.

(Two files are attached for reference)

Can someone point to pre-built NetSim experiments which we can quickly adapt for our master's lab course on 5G? Also any suggestions on what other kinds of experiments can be done using this tool? Thank you.

I am running a test and i would want to also verify the handover process from one base station to another and how the parameters affect the handover.

Does anyone know any Software that i can use for this analysis? a freeware will be even better.

I need the available datasets for 5G and 6G network slicing.

Hi community,

I would like to change the 5QI parameter and observe its impact on latency and packet delivery. To accomplish this, I require an emulator or simulator capable of simulating 5G communication and supporting 5QI. It is preferable that I can modify the 5QI during runtime. I am aware that, in a real scenario, this can be achieved by utilizing PDU session modification. However, I have been unable to find a simulator that offers this feature. As a result, an alternative option would be to terminate the existing PDU session and create a new one. Could you please suggest an emulator or simulator that supports 5QI and ideally 5QI modification? Additionally, I would greatly appreciate a brief explanation of how I can perform these actions.

Thank you in advance for your assistance.

I need to find out SINR coverage of a 5G area with gNBs. How can I attain coverage for different gNB placement geometries (random, grid etc). I am (new to) and using NetSim software.

The first 5G radio networks are now live. This generation of telecommunication system aims to deliver

The purpose is to be faster, more reliable and manage the scale of devices predicted for the Mobile Internet of Things (MIoT). Enabling the digital transformation of our society, business processes and manufacturing. To enable this, 5G will deliver multi-network slicing, multi-level of services and multi-connectivity network capabilities. To allow the required flexibility, agility and economies of scale these technologies will be delivered via virtual and containerised environments. This is a revolutionary way of working for the industry. 5G has designed in security controls to address many of the threats faced in today’s 4G/3G/2G networks. These controls include new mutual authentication capabilities, enhanced subscriber identity protection, and additional security mechanisms. 5G offers the mobile industry an unprecedented opportunity to uplift network and service security levels. 5G provides preventative measures to limit the impact to known threats, but the adoption of new network technologies introduces potential new threats for the industry to manage.

source: https://www.gsma.com/security/securing-the-5g-era/

What is the underlying theory behind the integration of HARQ and soft combining in 5G systems? Additionally, when utilizing the NetSim simulator, where can I find the relevant HARQ log files for further analysis?

What is the difference between 4G and 5G technology?

I am looking forward to simulating a scenario with a large number of transmit antennas in the gNB and multiple antennas in the UE as well, which is also known as MIMO. I am using NetSim simulator. How can I model MIMO and beamforming? And what is theoretically the effect on the system? How much is throughput or coverage expected to increase?

As 5G begins to be widely available, several things will happen. Firstly, in addition to exponentially faster speeds, 5G will also introduce greater capacity, reduced latency, and more flexible service delivery. This will enable organizations to provide better content, more real-time transactions, and much richer user experiences across entertainment and commercial activities.

Lower latency and highly reliable connections will then enable greater edge-based computing without the need for nearby data centers to support latency-sensitive transactions and workflows. Instead, by provisioning computing services closer to end-users, 5G servers will acquire enough intelligence to act as application servers — supporting a wide array of edge-based applications, transactions, and business processes. Eventually, when 5G speeds and capacity are combined with the unprecedented power of edge devices, we will see the creation of new edge-based networks that can share and process information locally, as well as cloud-based resources.

Because these edge-based computing resources will be highly distributed, they will need to be interconnected using enterprise-grade applications and high-speed connections to ensure that the huge volumes of data, workflows, and transactions they will create are tracked and analyzed in real-time. 5G networking will also offer application developers and content providers cloud computing capabilities and an IT service environment at the edge of mobile networks to create new services. However, these open, hyperconnected edge networks will also have serious implications for how devices, data, applications, and workflows can be managed, along with how they connect to traditional and cloud-based networks.

5G will also have an impact far beyond interconnecting endpoint devices. IoT devices will be enlisted to track other devices and users, monitor inventory, gather user and device information, and provide real-time data that can impact everything from agile application development and manufacturing floors to managing and coordinating resources in highly connected environments such as smart cities.

source: What Are the Security Challenges of 5G and IoT? | Fortinet

I would to apply RL algorithms to 5G simulations. I am familiar with NetSim for 5G simulations and MATLAB for the RL. What could be some areas within 5G where I can apply RL? Any helpful literature/links?

I want to simulate and analyze the coverage/rate of 5G low band (n5, 850 MHz), C-Band (n78, 3.5 GHz), and mmWave (n258, 26 GHz) subject to DL/UL interference? How can I do this with NetSim?

I have been asked to show the Hand Effects of MIMO antenna for 5G smartphones, Kindly help how to calculate in CST, a step by step guide will be highly appreciated.

The future 5G technology is expected to provide faster and more reliable internet connectivity, allowing more devices to connect to the internet and enabling new technologies and applications at lower latency

While I can get aggregate throughput information, I need to add some “time series” plots to my reports. How can I plot (or get data) for various performance measures in NetSim as the simulation progresses? For example, the SINR, TCP window, or the queue length in a buffer, etc. Is this possible?

How can I theoretically create a Quality of Service (QoS) profile for my 5G use case or application based on its specific parameters and requirements, and map them to 5QI and QFI values for end-to-end QoS? While I understand that 3GPP release 16 provides a table of 5QI values and associated QoS profile parameters, such as Packet Delay Budget and Data Burst Volume, I have not found proper documentation on how to match my use case traffic type to a specific 5QI value. Specifically, I would like guidance on how to translate my use case's characteristics, such as latency, jitter, data rate, packet size, burst size, and periodicity, into a QoS profile and map it to 5QI and QFI values.

In their recent Case Report, Nilsson from the Swedish Radiation Protection Foundation and Hardell from the Environment and Cancer Research Foundation, Sweden state that: "Within few weeks, a new 5G base station caused typical symptoms of the microwave syndrome or radiofrequency sickness in two men working and living in the office below the base station. The deployment of 5G also caused very high maximum (peak) microwave/RFR radiation non-thermal exposure, however far below the ICNIRP guidelines. The symptoms disappeared completely within some weeks after the men moved from the office to dwellings with much lower exposure". https://www.anncaserep.com/open-access/development-of-the-microwave-syndrome-in-two-men-shortly-after-9589.pdf

What may be the steps involved in replacing the 5G MAC scheduler with our own scheduler? I use NetSim 5G. If we use ML, what parameters should I pass to the ML program and what parameters should I get back from the ML program?

We have utilised NetSim in our labs for simulation. The next step I would like to know is how to configure it for emulation purposes so that we can connect devices to NetSim and send real data over a simulated 5G network. What might the steps be and what could the limitations be?