3D - Science topic

Bu kitap konuya kapsamlı bir genel bakış sunmaktadır. Tedarik zinciri yönetiminde sürdürülebilirlik ve lojistik ve tedarik zinciri stratejileri de dahil olmak üzere geniş bir konu yelpazesini kapsamaktadır. Kitap, lojistik ve tedarik zinciri yönetiminin birçok yönünün kapsamlı bir incelemesini sunduğu için konu hakkında daha fazla bilgi edinmek ist...

La educación patrimonial se está transformando con la incorporación de tecnologías digitales como la fotogrametría, el escaneo 3D, la realidad aumentada (AR) o la realidad virtual (VR). Estas herramientas permiten la creación de modelos precisos, experiencias inmersivas y la digitalización de colecciones, democratizando el acceso al patrimonio y fo...

This study tackles a critical challenge in converting two-dimensional (2D) images into three-dimensional (3D) representations, focusing on the precise detection of flat surfaces. The research utilizes a triangulation method involving laser and camera systems, emphasizing the optimization of laser shooting angles and camera positioning to accurately...

We conducted a geophysical exploration at the Sumikawa geothermal field in Japan using the optical fiber sensing method. The optical fiber was installed to a depth of 1,200 m in the SE-4 injection borehole. Nine seismic source locations surrounding the Sumikawa geothermal field were used in this study. The borehole temperature and seismic arrivals...

Tunnel heading stability in two dimensions (2D) has been extensively investigated by numerous scholars in the past decade. One significant limitation of 2D analysis is the absence of actual tunnel geometry modeling with a considerable degree of idealization. Nevertheless, it is possible to study the stability of tunnels in three dimensions (3D) wit...

In this study, we aim to investigate the influence of fiber dosage and distribution on the flexural strength of self-compacting concrete. Two types of fibers were employed as reinforcement in self-compacting concrete: Dramix 3D hooked metallic fibers and polypropylene fibers with identical geometric characteristics to the metallic ones. The studied...

We carried out the second geophysical survey in Kijiyama geothermal field using optical fiber in a geothermal well. We obtained temperature depth profile using DTS (Distributed Temperature Sensor) and seismic record by DAS (Distributed Acoustic Sensor) and surface seismic seismometers for twelve seismic excitations surrounding the wellhead. The tem...

The design of three‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (3D COFs) using linear and trigonal linkers remains challenging due to the difficulty in achieving a specific non‐planar spatial arrangement with low‐connectivity building units. Here, we report the novel 3D COFs with linear and trigonal linkers, termed TMB‐COFs, exhibiting srs topology. T...

While high-entropy alloys (HEAs) present exponentially large compositional space for alloy design, they also create enormous computational challenges to trace the compositional space, especially for the inherently expensive density functional theory calculations (DFT). Recent works have integrated machine learning into DFT to overcome these challen...

Hollow concrete compressive members (HCCs) are lightweight and stiff structural members. The main focus of the study described is to create a model using nonlinear finite element analysis that can precisely forecast how well HCCs are when reinforced with non-corrosive glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars and subjected to axial compressive loa...

Point cloud semantic segmentation (PCSS) shows great potential in generating accurate 3D semantic maps for digital twin railways. Deep learning-based methods have seen substantial advancements, driven by numerous PCSS datasets. Nevertheless, existing datasets tend to neglect railway scenes, with limitations in scale, categories, and scene diversity...

Brain tumor diagnosis and treatment are primarily reliant on medical imaging, necessitating precise segmentation methodologies for practical clinical solutions. Tumor boundaries are difficult to consistently identify, even with breakthroughs in deep learning. To address this challenge, we propose a novel approach that combines an upgraded 3D U-Net...

Monopiles are typically the preferred foundation for offshore wind turbines, which are becoming increasingly large. While 3D finite element modelling can aid the design process of monopile foundations, achieving reliable results requires precise constitutive soil models and input parameters derived from laboratory and field data, as well as careful...

Full-field three-dimensional (3D) measurement technology based on phase information has become an indispensable part of geometric dimension measurement in modern scientific research and engineering applications. This field has been developing and evolving for the study of highly reflective phenomena, diffuse reflections, and specular surfaces, and...

In this paper, we construct the fundamental solution of one boundary value problem on the geometric middle of the domain for an integro-differential equation of 3D Bianchi type with a dominant mixed derivative of third order with nonsmooth coefficients. Key Words and Phrases: integro-differential equations, boundary value problem on the geometric m...

This research's primary objective is to investigate the educational potential by investigating the metaverse website, emphasizing from users' perspectives. It is critical to examine the functionality to identify any potential faults in the learning experience because of the complexities of metaverse apps, which include 3D virtual environments and c...

More than 150 years of history of efforts to solve the Navier-Stokes equation have clearly shown that, applying standard mathematical tools, it is possible to do this in only a small number of simple cases. Therefore, to solve such equations, we can try non-standard methods of mathematical modeling. In this case, the emphasis should be placed not o...

The main goal of this study was to examine how the both internal and external factors (IEF) affect hotels adoption to 3D food printing technology. Furthermore, the study aimed to do an empirical investigation into the possible mediating role of hotels adoption to 3D-printed food (3DPF) between (IEF) and the purchasing behavior of customers (PBC) in...

The stochastic nonlinear Kodama (SNLK) equation forced in the Stratonovich sense by multiplicative noise is considered here. New elliptic, hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational stochastic solutions are acquired using (G′/G)-expansion method and mapping method. Because the SNLK equation is extensively used in is extensively used in nonlinear optic...

Objective To evaluate the performance of a 3D T1-weighted gradient-echo (3D T1GRE) computed tomography (CT)-like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence for detecting and assessing wrist and hand fractures compared to conventional CT. Methods Subjects with acute wrist or hand fracture in CT underwent additional 3 T MRI including a CT-like 3D T1G...

Point cloud segmentation is an essential task in three-dimensional (3D) vision and intelligence. It is a critical step in understanding 3D scenes with a variety of applications. With the rapid development of 3D scanning devices, point cloud data have become increasingly available to researchers. Recent advances in deep learning are driving advances...

This paper addresses the 3D nature of traditional Electronically Steerable Parasitic Array Radiators (ESPARs). Additionally, the required distance between the main radiator and the parasitic elements usually affects the antenna’s electrical size and the frequency bandwidth. To overcome these issues, the cylindrical parasitic elements in conventiona...

Recent years have witnessed a signifcant breakthrough in the 3D domain. To track the most recent advances in the 3D field, in this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of recent advances in the 3D feld, which encompasses a wide collection of topics, including diverse pre-training strategies, backbone designs and downstream tasks. Compared to th...

Image-based patient-specific rupture risk analysis for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) has shown considerable promise. However, clinical translation has been hampered by the use of invasive and costly imaging modalities. Despite being a promising alternative, ultrasound (US) makes a full analysis, including intraluminal thrombus (ILT), not trivia...

Enabling home-assistant robots to perceive and manipulate a diverse range of 3D objects based on human language instructions is a pivotal challenge. Prior research has predominantly focused on simplistic and task-oriented instructions, i.e. , “Slide the top drawer open”. However, many real-world tasks demand intricate multi-step reasoning, and wi...

Safe navigation choices made in walkable spaces highly depend on how a traveller perceives and understands the threat from surrounding travellers’ movements. Hence, if a visual medium like an AR headset provides an augmented view where future paths of others are already shown virtually, this could influence the way a person decides to avoid a poten...

In recent years, Neural Fields ( NF s) have emerged as an effective tool for encoding diverse continuous signals such as images, videos, audio, and 3D shapes. When applied to 3D data, NF s offer a solution to the fragmentation and limitations associated with prevalent discrete representations. However, given that NF s are essentially neural ne...

This paper delves into the core principles of photogrammetry, exploring the concepts that enable the creation of 3D object models from photographs. We provide a detailed examination of the photogrammetry workflow, with a particular focus on key stages such as data capture, point cloud generation, polygon mesh creation, and triangulation. An experim...

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is a high-accuracy data source for geospatial providers that is displayed in two dimensions (2D) or three dimensions (3D). It is used to measure the distances or 2D or 3D maps of the environment. This study examines a random sample consensus (RANSAC)-based room mapping approach utilizing LiDAR. The RANSAC is used...

Timor-Leste as a country adapting to technology aims to better introduce its local animals to users. The purpose of this research is to utilize augmented reality (AR) technology as a tool to provide more engaging information to users. The method used is augmented reality as an interactive tool that helps deliver information to users in two-dimensio...

Accurate modeling of submicron-scale rough surfaces based on machining parameters represents the forefront of precision manufacturing. Currently, there is limited research on precisely modeling the three-dimensional topography resulting from vibration finishing processes. This study explores a novel method for modeling rough surfaces in vibration f...

Este trabajo presenta una propuesta para construir e implementar un prototipo de órtesis de mano para personas con movilidad articular reducida. Se registra el progreso del paciente mediante señales electromiográficas (EMG) con electrodos, permitiendo al especialista monitorear la terapia. La órtesis, impresa en 3D con PETG, es de fácil mantenimien...

En esta investigación se evalúan las variables de productividad que evidencian que la manufactura aditiva es una herramienta tecnológica que permite a la industria fabricar piezas de refaccionamiento de bajo volumen frente a tecnologías convencionales como el moldeo por inyección plástica. Se utiliza una metodología donde se analizan los costos de...

En este trabajo se presenta el diseño de un dispositivo para pruebas de absorción de vibraciones en metamateriales mecánicos fabricados por impresión 3D. Se presenta la metodología de diseño para obtener el diseño conceptual de la máquina de vibración, la selección de elementos electrónicos y mecánicos, y la instrumentación del sistema. Asimismo, s...

Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for diagnosis and neurodevelopmental research, but the high cost and infrastructure demands of high-field MRI scanners restrict their use to high-income settings. To address this, more affordable and energy-efficient ultra-low-field MRI scanners have been developed. However, the reduced resolution...

Leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) retrieval from remote sensing imagery is essential for monitoring vegetation growth and stress in the agroforestry industry. Many remote sensing inversion methods for estimating LCC primarily rely on 1D radiative transfer models (RTMs) that abstract canopies into horizontal layers or simple geometric primitives. Yet,...

Cinematic rendering (CR) is an innovative imaging technique that has emerged as a powerful tool in forensic radiology, offering enhanced visualization capabilities for the analysis of skeletal trauma. This article explores the application of CR in the setting of forensic imaging in skeletal injury and its impact on the field of skeletal trauma anal...

With the continuous advancement of urban informationization, the requirements of diverse information systems are abundant and various. Meanwhile the integrity of information resources is also improved. The 3D real model data has become an important part in the construction of digital city database with its perceptual intuition, objectivity and accu...

Los procesos de inspección en minería, infraestructura y energía son esenciales. La tendencia hacia la gestión preventiva y predictiva ha impulsado el uso de tecnologías de acceso remoto, como drones y robots, para acceder a zonas de riesgo y realizar inspecciones desde un computador. No obstante, estas no reemplazan completamente el juicio de un t...

Sea level predictions, typically derived from 3D hydrodynamic models, are computationally intensive and subject to uncertainties stemming from physical representation and inaccuracies in initial or boundary conditions. As a complementary alternative, data-driven machine learning models provide a computationally efficient solution with comparable ac...

In this paper, we consider numerical approximations for the optimal partition problem using Lagrange multipliers. By rewriting it into constrained gradient flows, three and four steps numerical schemes based on the Lagrange multiplier approach are proposed to solve the constrained gradient system. Numerical schemes proposed for the constrained grad...

Designing the topology of three-dimensional structures is a challenging problem due to its memory and time consumption. In this paper, we present a robust and efficient algorithm for solving large-scale 3D topology optimization problems. The robustness of the algorithm is ensured by adopting a globally convergent sequential linear programming metho...

sampah merupakan sampah organik dan 28% sisanya merupakan sampah non-organik. Pengolahan sampah organik dapat menghasilkan pupuk organik cair untuk keperluan pertanian, sedangkan sampah non-organik sulit diolah sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan lingkungan dan dampak negatif bagi kesehatan manusia. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan inovasi teknologi untuk me...

Cryptography is the study of how to transform data or information into a form that is unreadable by others, thus ensuring the security of the data. Based on a questionnaire conducted among students of Politeknik Caltex Riau (PCR) who have studied classical cryptography, the Vigenere Cipher and Affine Cipher were found to be the most difficult algor...

Purpose To commission the RayStation (RS) TPS (treatment planning system) for scanned CIRT (carbon‐ion radiotherapy) utilizing pencil beam algorithms (PBv4.2). Methods The beam model commissioning entailed employing 1D single beams and 2D monoenergetic fields to validate spot profiles with films, assess beam range using Peakfinder measurements, an...

The Geo3D web viewer is a free software accessible via a web browser that allows for the presentation of 3-D geological mapping/modeling results to both specialists and the general public. Explore the 3D geological maps and models at: https://geo3d.pgi.gov.pl/

Traditional power devices packaging have been low package ratio, and difficult highly about the characteristic of the integrated, can't to adapt to the high integration and high density development trend in the semiconductor packaging industry; In this paper, a new design of Al wire cleaver face, can form a plane on the surface of Al wire or ribbon...

This paper presents some theoretical results on the sphere coverage problem in the n-dimensional space. These results refer to the minimal number of spheres, denoted by Nk(a), to cover a cuboid. The first properties outline some theoretical results for the numbers Nk(a), including sub-additivity and monotony on each variable. We use then these resu...

The 3D modeling of transmission towers currently depends on manual operations, resulting in high labor and time costs. To this end, an automatic 3D modeling technique based on 2D drawings is proposed. Using this method, the 2D drawings of transmission towers were analyzed first, then a 3D model of a tower was reconstructed using a counter-to-detail...

With vertical stacking, 3D NAND’s flash memory can achieve continuous capacity growth. However, the endurance variation between the stacked layers becomes more and more significant due to process variation, which will lead to the underutilization of many pages and seriously affect the lifetime of 3D NAND’s flash memory. We investigated the enduranc...

Kota Provinsi Riau merupakan kota bersejarah yang memiliki warisan budaya berupa bangunan-bangunan tua. Budaya yang berwujud dapat disebut Malay Intangible Heritage, yang masih ditemukan hingga saat ini meskipun telah mengalami perkembangan dari aslinya, berupa Gurindam 12, baju melayu, masakan khas Melayu, adat istiadat. Sedangkan saat ini warisan...

Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate new software (Unfold AI) in the estimation of prostate tumour volume (TV) and prediction of focal therapy outcomes. Subjects/patients and methods Subjects were 204 men with prostate cancer (PCa) of grade groups 2–4 (GG ≥ 2), who were enrolled in a trial of partial gland cryoablation (PGA) at UCLA fro...

Three-dimensional (3D) concrete printing is a revolutionary technology in the construction industry. Here we show that climate-positive biochar is a carbon-negative additive for decreasing the carbon footprint of 3D printable concrete, while enhancing its performance. As biochar enhanced the effective water-to-binder ratio and served as a substrate...

Rigid particles suspended on a micropolar fluid provide microstructure that coexists and interacts with the local rotation of the fluid given by the vorticity. In this work we prove that the particles’ angular velocity and the vorticity strongly align for large times. We provide average and supnorm estimates for the decay rate of the difference bet...

Recently 3D magnetic memory using artificial ferromagnets has been proposed as a high performance memory solution. However, the existing method for reading information from this device is destructive. Here, we propose a novel nondestructive readout method for 3D magnetic memory, leveraging the magnetization dynamics induced by the spin transfer tor...

In this paper, a novel locally active memristor is constructed. Based on the 3D Hindmarsh–Rose (HR) and 2D FitzHugh–Nagumo (FHN) neuron, a heterogeneous neuronal system is constructed by connecting the two neurons with the locally active memristor. The equilibrium point and stability of the system are investigated. The dynamic behavior of the syste...

Purpose To develop a robust single breath‐hold approach for volumetric lung imaging at 0.55T. Method A balanced‐SSFP (bSSFP) pulse sequence with 3D stack‐of‐spiral (SoS) out‐in trajectory for volumetric lung imaging at 0.55T was implemented. With 2.7× undersampling, the pulse sequence enables imaging during a 17‐s breath‐hold. Image reconstruction...

To address the shortcomings of traditional bionic algorithms in path planning, such as inefficient search processes, extended planning distances and times, and suboptimal dynamic obstacle avoidance, this paper introduces a fusion algorithm called NRBO-DWA. This algorithm is specifically applied to plan the path for a tube-changing robot in a knitti...

In this study, the far‐field characteristics of a plasma dielectric resonator antenna are investigated. The internal structure of the antenna is filled with a plasma material. Surface currents are obtained in an imaginary closed area formed at a certain point outside the plasma antenna. Then, the near field‐far field transformation is performed wit...

Triple stellar systems allow us to study stellar processes that cannot be attained in binary stars. The evolutionary phases in which the stellar members undergo mass exchanges can alter the hierarchical layout of these systems. Yet, the lack of a self-consistent treatment of common-envelope (CE) in triple-star systems hinders the comprehensive unde...

Creating synthetic datasets for artificial intelligence training has a crucial role in modern developments. Considering the difficulties in collecting real data, which is often a costly and time-consuming process that requires significant resources and time. Synthetic data, on the other hand, allows generating large amounts of varied and controlled...

Implicit neural representations (INRs) are a new way to represent all kinds of signals ranging from 1D audio to 3D shape signals, among which 2D images are the most widely explored due to their ubiquitous presence. Image INRs utilize a neural network to learn a continuous function that takes pixel coordinates as input and outputs the corresponding...

The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) stipulates that all ships must be equipped with lifesaving devices. The freefall lifeboat has the advantages of simple operation, fast release speed, and good safety performance, so it is widely used. The interaction between the hull and the water body of the freefall lifeboat durin...

During the SOuthwest FOGs 3D (SOFOG3D) campaign, a unique network of eight ground‐based microwave radiometers (MWRs) has been deployed over the southwestern part of France in order to improve fog forecasting, among other objectives. Observations have been acquired from mid‐autumn to mid‐spring 2019/2020 with the aim of assessing the impact of the a...